Coal mining roof supporting structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a coal mining roof supporting structure which comprises a protective structure, at least two driving mechanisms and at least two bases. The protection structure is of an arch structure and comprises at least two first supporting plates hinged to each other. The driving mechanism comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a first telescopic mechanism and a supporting column, the two ends of the first connecting rod are hinged to the second connecting rod and the supporting column respectively, the first supporting plate is connected with one first connecting rod and supported by the first connecting rod, and the first telescopic mechanism is in driving connection with the supporting column to drive the supporting column to ascend and descend. Meanwhile, the first connecting rod is linked to swing relative to the second connecting rod; the two bases are in one-to-one correspondence with the two driving mechanisms, and the second connecting rods and the supporting columns are hinged to the bases. The protection mechanism is driven by the driving mechanism to adjust the width and height of the coal mining roof supporting structure, the supporting stability of the coal mining roof is improved, and the risk of collapse of a coal mine tunnel is also reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a roof support structure for coal mining. Background Technology

[0002] Support measures in coal mining are one of the most important safety tasks in coal mining.

[0003] Underground coal mines refer to coal mines where the coal seam is far from the surface, and the mining is generally carried out by excavating roadways downwards. During underground coal mine mining, in order to ensure safety, the top of the coal mine tunnel needs to be supported to prevent the mine tunnel from collapsing. Currently, the support equipment in coal mines has poor stability due to its simple support structure, making it difficult to cope with complex geological conditions such as faults, sudden changes in dip angle, or fractured surrounding rock. Moreover, existing technologies generally focus on the vertical roof and neglect the support of the roadway sidewalls. Under soft rock layers, high stress, or the influence of mining, the sidewalls are prone to spalling, bulging, or even collapse. Secondary disasters have occurred, causing blockage of passages, damage to equipment, and even threatening the lives of mining personnel. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a roof support structure for coal mine mining that can simultaneously provide stable protection for the top and side walls of coal mine roadways, thereby reducing the risk of roadway collapse.

[0005] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A roof support structure for coal mine mining includes:

[0007] A protective structure comprising at least two first support plates hinged together to form an arch structure.

[0008] At least two drive mechanisms are provided, which are distributed horizontally at intervals and correspond to one of the first support plates respectively. Each drive mechanism includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a first telescopic mechanism, and a support column. The two ends of the first connecting rod are respectively hinged to the second connecting rod and the support column. The first support plate is hinged to one of the first connecting rods and supported by the first connecting rod. The first telescopic mechanism is driven to the support column and can drive the support column to rise and fall, thereby causing the first connecting rod to swing relative to the second connecting rod.

[0009] There are at least two bases, each corresponding to one of the two drive mechanisms, and the second connecting rod and the support are both hinged to the bases.

[0010] Furthermore, the hinge point between the first support plate and the first connecting rod is located between the two ends of the first connecting rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the base includes a first base plate, a second base plate, and a second telescopic mechanism. The support column is hinged to the first base plate, the second connecting rod is hinged to the second base plate, and the second telescopic mechanism is disposed between the first base plate and the second base plate so that the first base plate can telescopically move relative to the second base plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the second base plate is provided with a sliding groove and a limiting part, the first base plate is slidably engaged with the sliding groove, and the limiting part is provided on the second base plate and is used to abut against the first base plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a secondary protective plate is also connected to one end of the first connecting rod that is connected to the support column, and the first connecting rods belonging to different driving mechanisms are all hinged to the secondary protective plate.

[0014] Furthermore, a second support plate is provided on the top of the secondary protective plate, and a buffer structure is provided between the secondary protective plate and the second support plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the lowest point of the first support plate is higher than the highest point of the base.

[0016] Furthermore, the support column also includes a protective sleeve, within which the first telescopic mechanism is fitted.

[0017] Furthermore, the first telescopic mechanism is a telescopic cylinder, and the second telescopic mechanism is a telescopic cylinder.

[0018] Furthermore, the first support plate has an arc-shaped structure, so that the arch structure is an arc-shaped arch.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] 1. Based on the combination of connecting rod hinge and telescopic structure in the drive mechanism, when the first telescopic mechanism extends and retracts, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod move relative to each other. The first support plate hinged to the first connecting rod retracts inward or extends outward, so that the entire coal mine roof support structure has a certain stability.

[0021] 2. Based on the arch structure formed by the two first support plates in the protective structure and the hinged connection between the first support plate and the first connecting rod in the drive mechanism, when the first connecting rod moves relative to the first support plate, it can drive the first support plate to expand outward or contract inward. Under the condition of supporting the top of the coal mine roadway, it can simultaneously support and protect the side walls of coal mine roadways of different sizes, reducing the risk of coal mine roadway collapse, especially its side walls. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a coal mine roof support structure according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the protective structure of a coal mine roof support structure according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A sectional view;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial view;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a protective sleeve for a coal mine roof support structure according to the present invention and its location.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Protective structure; 11. First support plate; 2. Drive mechanism; 21. First connecting rod; 22. Second connecting rod; 23. First telescopic mechanism; 24. Support column; 2401. Protective sleeve; 3. Base; 31. First base plate; 32. Second base plate; 3201. Slide groove; 3202. Limiting part; 33. Second telescopic mechanism; 4. Secondary protective plate; 5. Second support plate; 6. Buffer structure. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0029] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0031] See Figures 1 to 3A coal mine roof support structure includes: a protective structure 1, at least two drive mechanisms 2, and at least two bases 3.

[0032] The protective structure 1 includes at least two first support plates 11, which are hinged together to form an arch structure. The protective structure 1 is used for supporting and protecting coal mine roadways. Compared to the single roof plate in existing technologies, the two hinged first support plates 11 can adapt to different roof tops in coal mine roadways. The arch structure of the protective structure 1 can simultaneously support and protect the roof and sidewalls of the coal mine roadway, effectively reducing the risk of sidewall collapse.

[0033] Two drive mechanisms 2 are distributed horizontally at intervals and correspond to one of the first support plates 11 respectively. The drive mechanism 2 includes a first connecting rod 21, a second connecting rod 22, a first telescopic mechanism 23, and a support column 24. The two ends of the first connecting rod 21 are hinged to the second connecting rod 22 and the support column 24 respectively. The first support plate 11 is connected to one of the first connecting rods 21 and is supported by the first connecting rod 21. The first telescopic mechanism 23 is driven to the support column 24 and can drive the support column 24 to rise and fall, so as to link the first connecting rod 21 to swing relative to the second connecting rod 22. The drive mechanism 2 is used to drive the two first support plates 11 in the protective structure 1. When the first telescopic mechanism 23 extends or retracts, the first support plate 11 retracts inward or extends outward accordingly, and the height of the coal mine roof support structure rises or falls accordingly.

[0034] At least two bases 3 are provided, each corresponding to one of the two drive mechanisms 2. The second connecting rod 22 and the support column 24 are both hinged to the bases 3. The bases 3 serve as the bottom of the coal mine roof support structure, fixed to the ground. With the support of the bases 3, when the two first support plates 11 contact the top and sidewalls of the coal mine roadway, and stress impact occurs on the top or sidewalls of the coal mine roadway, the relative positions of the two first support plates 11 change. Since the first support plates 11 are hinged to the first connecting rods 21, the positions of the two first connecting rods 21 also change. These positional changes can buffer the drive mechanism 2 under high stress, reducing the damage to the drive mechanism 2 caused by stress impact. When the first telescopic mechanism 23 extends, the rotation angle between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 gradually increases. When both the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 are perpendicular to the ground, the rotation angle between them is 180°, at which point the entire coal mine roof support structure reaches its maximum height. It should be noted that when the rotation angle between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 is 180°, there is a distance between the hinge points that belong to different drive mechanisms 2 and are connected to the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22. This distance is called the minimum hinge point distance. When the rotation angle between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 changes, the hinge point distance should not be less than the minimum hinge point distance.

[0035] After excavating the coal mine roadway and before mining, the miners can move between the two base plates 3. Depending on the size and height of the excavated coal mine roadway, by activating the drive mechanism 2, when the first telescopic mechanism 23 extends, the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 move relative to each other and the rotation angle between them increases. The first support plate 11, hinged to the first connecting rod 21, retracts inward, and at the same time, the height of the coal mine roof support structure increases. Conversely, when the first telescopic mechanism 23 retracts, the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 move relative to each other and the rotation angle between them decreases. The first support plate 11 expands outward, and at the same time, the height of the coal mine roof support structure decreases.

[0036] Based on the combination of hinged connecting rods and telescopic structure in the drive mechanism 2, when the first telescopic mechanism 23 extends or retracts, the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 move relative to each other. The first support plate 11, hinged to the first connecting rod 21, retracts inward or extends outward, giving the entire coal mine roof support structure a certain degree of stability. Since the two first support plates 11 in the protective structure 1 form an arch structure and are hinged to the first connecting rod 21 in the drive mechanism 2, the relative movement of the first connecting rod 21 can cause the first support plate 11 to extend outward or retract inward. This allows for simultaneous support and protection of the sidewalls of coal mine roadways of different sizes while ensuring the roof of the coal mine roadway is adequately supported. During coal mining, the roof support structure can be continuously adjusted to maximize the contact between the two first support plates 11 and the roof and sidewalls of the coal mine roadway, preventing the risk of collapse of the roof and sidewalls due to insufficient support.

[0037] Preferably, the hinge point between the first support plate 11 and the first connecting rod 21 is located between the two ends of the first connecting rod 21. A reinforcing rib can be provided between the hinge point and the first connecting rod 21 (referred to as the hinge block) to strengthen the hinge block and improve its strength against stress impact.

[0038] Preferably, one of the base plates 3 includes a first base plate 31, a second base plate 32, and a second telescopic mechanism 33. The support column 24 is hinged to the first base plate 31, and the second connecting rod 22 is hinged to the second base plate 32. The second telescopic mechanism 33 is located between the first base plate 31 and the second base plate 32 to allow the first base plate 31 to telescopically move relative to the second base plate 32. The second base plate 32 is used to fix the bottom of the coal mine roof support structure. Since the drive mechanism 2 must rely on the first telescopic mechanism 23 to change the width and height of the coal mine roof support structure, when the first telescopic mechanism 23 malfunctions or reaches its maximum extension while the rotation angle between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 does not reach 180°, the coal mine roof support structure... If the maximum height is not reached, the roof support structure for coal mining cannot function to its fullest potential. When the first telescopic mechanism 23 malfunctions, the second telescopic mechanism 33 can be activated. When the second telescopic mechanism 33 extends, the first base plate 31 moves away from the second base plate 32, the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 move relative to each other, the rotation angle between them decreases, the first support plate 11 hinged to the first connecting rod 21 unfolds outward, and the height of the roof support structure for coal mining decreases. Conversely, when the second telescopic mechanism 33 extends, the first base plate 31 moves closer to the second base plate 32, the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 move relative to each other and the rotation angle between them decreases, the first support plate 11 retracts outward, and the height of the roof support structure for coal mining decreases. Furthermore, the first telescopic mechanism 23 may experience a weakening of its telescopic function, preventing the adjusted first support plate 11 from quickly and maximally contacting the top and sidewalls of the coal mine roadway. This would still increase the risk of collapse of the coal mine roadway top and sidewalls. It is understandable that when the first telescopic mechanism 23 extends or retracts, the second telescopic mechanism 33 correspondingly retracts or extends, causing the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 to accelerate relative movement. The first support plate 11, hinged to the first connecting rod 21, also accelerates inward retraction or outward expansion. The first telescopic mechanism 23 can also be linked with the second telescopic mechanism 33 to increase the flexibility of the drive mechanism 2. However, the maximum height of the coal mine roof support structure ultimately depends on whether the movable angle between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 can reach 180°. Based on the movable nature of the first base plate 31, pulleys can be installed at the bottom of the first base plate 31 to cooperate with the telescopic movement of the second telescopic mechanism 33.

[0039] As an alternative configuration, preferably, see [link to alternative configuration]. Figure 4The second base plate 32 is provided with a sliding groove 3201 and a limiting part 3202. The first base plate 31 slides in cooperation with the sliding groove 3201. The limiting part 3202 is provided on the second base plate 32 and is used to abut against the first base plate 31. At this time, the second base plate 32 is fixed to the bottom surface as the bottom of the coal mine roof support structure. The first base plate 31 slides on the second base plate 32 to cooperate with the extension and contraction of the second telescopic mechanism 33. When the second telescopic mechanism 33 reaches its maximum extension, the stress impact on the top of the coal mine roadway may be too high, which may cause damage to the second telescopic mechanism 33 or even the entire coal mine roof support structure. The limiting part 3202 abutting against the first base plate 31 can effectively reduce the damage of stress impact to the second telescopic mechanism 33 and further improve the bottom stability of the coal mine roof support structure.

[0040] Preferably, the end of the first connecting rod 21 connected to the support column 24 is also connected to a secondary protective plate 4. The first connecting rods 21 belonging to different drive mechanisms 2 are all hinged to the secondary protective plate 4 to improve the support and protection strength of the top of the coal mine roadway.

[0041] Preferably, a second support plate 5 is provided on the top of the secondary protective plate 4, and a buffer structure 6 is provided between the secondary protective plate 4 and the second support plate 5. Generally speaking, due to gravity, the stress impact on the top of the coal mine roadway is greater than that on its sidewalls. The second support plate 5 further improves the support and protection strength of the top of the coal mine roadway based on the first support plate 11 and the secondary protective plate 4. Since the first support plate 11, the second support plate 5, and the secondary protective plate 4 may all break under high stress impact, it is necessary to ensure that the last line of defense of support and protection, namely the secondary protective plate 4, does not break as much as possible. If the impact stress breaks the first support plate 11 and the second support plate 5 and acts on the secondary protective plate 4, the buffer material can effectively reduce the stress impact on the secondary protective plate 4, thereby reducing the risk of the top of the coal mine roadway collapsing.

[0042] Preferably, the lowest point of the first support plate 11 is higher than the highest point of the base 3, so as to prevent the first support plate 11 from being obstructed by the base 3 when it retracts inward, thus affecting the driving mechanism 2's driving of the protective structure 1.

[0043] Preferably, see Figure 5 The support column 24 also includes a protective sleeve 2401. The first telescopic mechanism 23 is fitted inside the protective sleeve 2401. The protective sleeve 2401 can be a soft plastic structure. Based on the coal dust generated during coal mine roadway mining, the coal dust may enter the first telescopic mechanism 23 and affect its telescopic effect. The telescopic protective sleeve 2401 can effectively reduce the impact of coal dust on the first telescopic mechanism 23.

[0044] Preferably, both the first telescopic mechanism 23 and the second telescopic mechanism 33 are telescopic cylinders. Each telescopic cylinder includes a cylinder and a piston rod. Telescopic cylinders are characterized by high load-bearing capacity, fast response speed, strong installation flexibility, and low maintenance costs, making them a suitable choice for coal mine roadways. As an alternative, both telescopic mechanisms can also employ a hydraulic telescopic system. Hydraulic telescopic systems offer higher load-bearing capacity and more precise control, allowing for use in extremely harsh environments. However, the installation of hydraulic telescopic systems is more complex and occupies more space.

[0045] Preferably, the first support plate 11 has an arc-shaped structure so that the arch structure is an arc-shaped arch, so that the first support plate 11 fits more closely with the top and side walls of the coal mine roadway, preventing the risk of collapse of the top and side walls of the coal mine roadway due to insufficient support.

[0046] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0048] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A coal mining roof support structure characterised in that, The application relates to a protective structure (1) comprising at least two first support plates (11) hinged to each other to form an arch structure; at least two driving mechanisms (2) horizontally distributed and corresponding to the first support plates (11) respectively; the driving mechanism (2) comprising a first connecting rod (21), a second connecting rod (22), a first telescopic mechanism (23) and a support column (24), the first connecting rod (21) being hinged to the second connecting rod (22) and the support column (24) at both ends, the first support plate (11) being hinged to and supported by the first connecting rod (21), the first telescopic mechanism (23) being drivingly connected to the support column (24) and capable of driving the support column (24) to rise and fall to drive the first connecting rod (21) to swing relative to the second connecting rod (22); at least two bases (3) corresponding to the driving mechanisms (2) respectively, the second connecting rod (22) and the support column (24) being hinged to the base (3). The hinge between the first support plate (11) and the first connecting rod (21) is located between the two ends of the first connecting rod (21). The base (3) comprises a first bottom plate (31), a second bottom plate (32) and a second telescopic mechanism (33), the support column (24) being hinged to the first bottom plate (31), the second connecting rod (22) being hinged to the second bottom plate (32), and the second telescopic mechanism (33) being arranged between the first bottom plate (31) and the second bottom plate (32) to enable the first bottom plate (31) to telescopically move relative to the second bottom plate (32). The second bottom plate (32) is provided with a sliding groove (3201) and a limiting portion (3202), the first bottom plate (31) being slidingly matched with the sliding groove (3201), and the limiting portion (3202) being arranged on the second bottom plate (32) and used for abutting against the first bottom plate (31).

2. A coal mining roof support structure according to claim 1, characterised in that, One end of the first connecting rod (21) connected with the support column (24) is further connected with a secondary protective plate (4), the first connecting rods (21) belonging to different driving mechanisms (2) being hinged to the secondary protective plate (4).

3. A roof support structure for coal mining according to claim 1, characterised in that, The top of the secondary protective plate (4) is provided with a second support plate (5), and a buffer structure (6) is arranged between the secondary protective plate (4) and the second support plate (5).

4. A coal mining roof support structure according to claim 3, characterised in that, The lowest point of the first support plate (11) is higher than the highest point of the base (3).

5. A coal mining roof support structure according to claim 1 wherein, The support column (24) further comprises a protective sleeve (2401), and the first telescopic mechanism (23) is sleeved in the protective sleeve (2401).

6. A coal mining roof support structure according to claim 5 wherein, The first telescopic mechanism (23) is a telescopic cylinder, and the second telescopic mechanism (33) is a telescopic cylinder.

7. A coal mining roof support structure according to claim 1 wherein, The first support plate (11) is an arc-shaped structure, so that the arch structure is an arc-shaped arch.

8. A coal mining roof support structure according to claim 1 wherein, ​ 9. A coal mining roof support structure according to claim 3, characterised in that, ​ 10. A coal mining roof support structure according to claim 1 wherein, ​

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