Buffering brake device for collision test
By employing a passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system and a multi-stage buffer structure in avionics product crash tests, the problems of slow separation between the test piece and the collision vehicle and slow buffer braking were solved, achieving rapid separation, compact structure, and efficient testing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
In existing avionics product crash tests, the separation and buffer braking of the test specimen from the collision vehicle are not fast enough, leading to secondary collisions, high equipment complexity, and poor repeatability.
It adopts two sets of buffer braking structures, including a passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system, a damping rubber plate, a butterfly spring plate and a compression cylindrical spring. Through multi-stage buffer deceleration, the pressure of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder generates damping buffer, realizing rapid separation and braking.
It achieves rapid separation and buffer braking between the test specimen and the collision vehicle, avoiding secondary collisions. The equipment has a compact structure, low cost, good reusability, high testing efficiency, low noise, and minimal environmental impact.
Smart Images
Figure CN224079528U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of avionics technology and relates to a collision test buffer braking device, specifically a rapid buffer braking device for the test piece and the collision vehicle during a collision test of avionics products. Background Technology
[0002] In collision tests of avionics products, the test specimen must be able to quickly separate from the collision vehicle after a high-speed impact (>46.33 m / s), and the collision vehicle must be able to quickly buffer and brake after impact, without affecting the flight and imaging of the test specimen. Commonly used collision slides and rocket skids have long running distances and slow braking speeds. During the recovery process after the test specimen's impact, secondary collisions with the slides or skids are very likely to occur, affecting the judgment of test results. On the other hand, the impactor (bullet) propelled by the air gun often utilizes the huge mass difference between the impactor and the test specimen to achieve inertial braking. This method has high requirements for the design of the air gun system and the comprehensive ability of the air valve to release quickly. The equipment structure is complex, and the repeatability of impactor installation and reuse is poor. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the problems in the background art, this utility model provides a collision test buffer braking device that can quickly separate the collision object and the test product within a short distance, and the collision vehicle can quickly buffer and brake to stop moving.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.
[0005] A collision test buffer brake device includes: two sets of buffer brake structures installed on the same rigid support axis. Each set of buffer brake structures consists of a passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1, a rigid barrier wall 8, and a collision carrier 2 coaxially installed on the telescopic cylinder of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1, a damping rubber plate 3, a butterfly spring plate 4, a compression cylindrical spring 5, and a rigid bearing plate 6. The rigid bearing plate 6 separates the damping rubber plate 3 from the butterfly spring plate 4 and from the compression cylindrical spring 5, and fixes a buffer protection rubber 7 on the rigid barrier wall 8 to ensure that the buffer brake device will not undergo rigid collision.
[0006] Furthermore, the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1 includes a cylinder body 101, a fixed cylinder seat 102, a telescopic piston rod 103, a return cylinder sleeve 104, a piston rod end cap 105, a damping adjustment rod 106, and a tapered sleeve 107; the fixed cylinder seat 102 is fixed on a rigid support, the cylinder body 101 is fixed at one end of the fixed cylinder seat 102, and the telescopic piston rod 103 is coaxially installed inside the cylinder body 101 and coaxially passes through the fixed cylinder seat 102; The ratio of the inner diameter of the cylinder body 101 to the inner diameter of the return cylinder sleeve 101 is greater than 2; the return cylinder sleeve 104 is fixed in the fixed cylinder seat 102 and is coaxial with the telescopic piston rod 103, the telescopic piston cylinder 103 can slide along it, the tapered sleeve 107 is installed at the piston at the top of the telescopic piston rod 103, and is used to adjust the oil pressure in the fixed cylinder seat 102 when the piston is compressed, and the damping adjustment rod 106 passes coaxially through the return oil hole of the fixed cylinder seat 102 and the return cylinder sleeve 104.
[0007] Furthermore, in the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1, the maximum stroke of the piston is greater than the distance from the end cap of the telescopic cylinder to the end face of the rigid barrier wall 8; and the maximum buffer stroke of the cylinder in the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1 is less than the distance from the end cap of the telescopic cylinder to the end face of the rigid barrier wall 8.
[0008] Furthermore, the maximum total deformability of the disc spring plate 4 and the compression cylindrical spring 5 is greater than the compressible deformation of the damping rubber plate 3.
[0009] Furthermore, the initial hydraulic load pressure F (cylinder internal pressure × hydraulic cylinder inner diameter) of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1 is greater than 1 / 2 of the impact force of the collision vehicle, and the remaining pressure is borne by 4 disc springs and 5 compressed cylindrical springs. The initial pressure of the relief valve in the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system is greater than the initial pressure of the cylinder.
[0010] Furthermore, the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1 is equipped with a damping adjustment rod 106 with a ball head, which can adjust the oil pressure damping as needed to optimize the buffering effect.
[0011] Furthermore, the butterfly spring plate 4 is made of brass plate forged into a bowl shape with a natural frequency ≥1000Hz; the bowl mouths of two butterfly spring plates 4 are connected to form a group, and several groups are installed in this manner, with the bottom of the bowl connected to the rigid bearing plate 6.
[0012] Furthermore, the compression circular spring 5 is made of 65Mn steel with a natural frequency ≥1000Hz; the inner diameter of the compression circular spring 5 is 2mm to 5mm larger than the diameter of the telescopic cylinder in the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1; the outer diameter of the compression circular spring 5 is smaller than the maximum external dimensions of the butterfly spring plate 4; and the compressible distance of the compression circular spring 5 is greater than 1 / 2 of the cylinder buffer stroke.
[0013] Furthermore, the annular width of the buffer damping rubber plate 3, the disc spring plate 4, and the rigid bearing plate 6 installed on the telescopic piston rod shall not be less than 1 / 2 the diameter of the telescopic piston rod. The inner diameter of the return cylinder liner shall not exceed 1 / 2 the inner diameter of the cylinder piston.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by at least one of the above-mentioned technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this specification include at least the following: the deformation of the damping rubber plate 3, the butterfly spring plate 4, and the compression cylindrical spring 5 initially decelerates the collision vehicle, and the deformation pushes the movement of the telescopic piston rod to compress the pressure hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder, generating damping buffer through the small hole of the return cylinder, further decelerating the collision vehicle until it comes to a stop. Through multi-stage split-end buffering, the damage of the collision impact force to the hydraulic cylinder operation and the buffer medium is reduced, allowing the passive hydraulic cylinder system, butterfly spring, compression cylindrical spring, and rigid bearing plate to be reused. Only the damaged damping rubber plate needs to be replaced to carry out the next test, saving test costs. The designable buffer deceleration distance in the collision test buffer braking device makes the equipment layout compact, avoiding secondary collisions between the test specimen and the collision vehicle during recovery. At the same time, the compact structure also saves on equipment construction costs. The collision test buffer brake device features a customizable buffer deceleration structure (disc spring plate 4, compressed cylindrical spring 5), adjustable initial hydraulic pressure of the cylinder, and adjustable damping orifice, allowing for a wide range of deceleration braking capabilities to meet collision speed requirements with low modification costs. The multi-stage buffering and safety operation protection measures in the collision test buffer brake device ensure high operational reliability, low braking noise, and minimal impact on the surrounding environment, eliminating the need for additional environmental protection measures. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a collision test buffer braking device provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the damping adjustment rod structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disc spring plate assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0020] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system; 101. Cylinder body; 102. Fixed cylinder seat; 103. Telescopic piston rod; 104. Return cylinder sleeve; 105. Piston rod end cap; 106. Damping adjusting rod; 107. Conical sleeve; 2. Collision carrier; 3. Damping rubber plate; 4. Butterfly spring plate; 5. Compression cylindrical spring; 6. Rigid bearing plate; 7. Buffer protection rubber; 8. Rigid barrier wall. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0022] This utility model provides a collision test buffer braking device that achieves compact structure, short buffer braking distance, fast braking; low manufacturing cost; effectively prevents secondary collisions of the test specimen during recovery and the collision vehicle; low use and maintenance cost; and high testing efficiency.
[0023] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, this utility model embodiment provides a collision test buffer braking device, including:
[0024] A passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1, along with a collision carrier 2, damping rubber plate 3, butterfly spring plate 4, compression cylindrical spring 5, and rigid bearing plate 6 coaxially mounted on the telescopic piston rod 103 of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system 1, and locked by the piston rod end cap 105, consists of a collision carrier 2 tightly mounted against a fixed cylinder seat 102 (mounted on two sets of passive hydraulic buffer damping systems 1). A damping rubber plate 3, composed of 10mm thick damping rubber, is placed between the collision carrier 2 and the piston rod end cap. A rigid bearing plate 6 is placed between the damping rubber plates 3 to apply and transmit impact force. A butterfly spring plate 4 and a compression cylindrical spring 5 are placed between the rigid bearing plates 6. A rigid bearing plate 6 can be added between the butterfly spring plate 4 and the compression cylindrical spring to ensure a flat assembly end face, depending on the pressure applied. The butterfly spring plates 4 are installed in pairs, with their cup-shaped openings fitting together during installation. To ensure that the disc spring plate 4 and the compression cylindrical spring 5 can respond quickly to the transmitted impact force, the design should ensure sufficient stiffness (calculated and checked according to the collision impact force = the product of the mass of the colliding object and the acceleration during the collision), and the first natural frequency should be greater than 1000Hz; the rigid barrier wall 8 and the fixed cylinder seat 102 are fixed on the rigid support of the equipment, and the buffer protection rubber 7 is fixed at the position of the rigid barrier wall 8 corresponding to the piston cylinder end cover 105 to protect the safe operation of the system.
[0025] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system consists of a cylinder body 101, a fixed cylinder seat 102, a telescopic piston rod 103, a return cylinder sleeve 104, a piston rod end cap 105, a damping adjusting rod 106, a tapered sleeve 107, and common hydraulic system components (throttle valve, check valve, hydraulic pump, oil pipe) forming a closed-loop system. The fixed cylinder seat 102 is fixed on a rigid support, and the cylinder body 101 is fixed at one end of the fixed cylinder seat 102. The telescopic piston rod 103 is coaxially installed inside the cylinder body 101 and coaxially passes through the fixed cylinder seat 102. The ratio of the inner diameter of the cylinder body 101 to the inner diameter of the return cylinder sleeve 101 is greater than 2. The return cylinder sleeve 104 is fixed inside the fixed cylinder seat 102 and is coaxial with the telescopic piston rod 103, and the telescopic piston rod 103 can slide along it. A tapered sleeve 107 is installed at the piston at the top of the telescopic piston rod 103 to adjust the oil pressure in the fixed cylinder seat 102 during piston compression, allowing the pressure to rise more gradually. A damping adjusting rod 106 coaxially passes through the fixed cylinder seat 102 and the return oil hole of the return cylinder sleeve 104. To reduce the initial system pressure, the initial pressure of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system is half the impact force. The initial system pressure is the product of the cylinder piston inner diameter area and the initial hydraulic cylinder pressure. The cylinder piston inner diameter area should be optimally determined based on the system safety pressure, the relief valve, the effective compression stroke, and the pressure relief time, after simulation. The effective compression stroke of the cylinder piston should be less than 2 / 3 of the maximum compression stroke; the maximum compression stroke should be greater than the distance between the piston cylinder end cap 105 and the rigid barrier wall 8. Components such as the check valve, relief valve, and hydraulic pump are selected according to the requirements of the hydraulic system. The pressure of the selected relief valve should be greater than the initial cylinder pressure value.
[0026] according to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the damping adjustment rod is made of high-strength stainless steel. The screw consists of a threaded section and a smooth rod. The outer diameter of the threaded section is larger than that of the smooth rod, and the diameter of the smooth rod is slightly smaller than the diameter of the damping hole in the oil return cylinder liner 104. The head of the smooth rod is designed to be hemispherical. By controlling the thread engagement length of the damping adjustment rod 106 on the fixed cylinder seat 102, the opening and closing degree of the gap between the oil return hole and the damping adjustment rod 106 can be controlled, thereby adjusting the system damping. Multiple sets of the same structural features can be designed to meet the collision deceleration requirements of different speeds according to the system's buffer braking requirements.
[0027] according to Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the butterfly spring plate 4 is installed in groups, with the bowl-shaped parts fitting together during assembly. The radial deformation of the butterfly spring plate buffers the impact energy and transfers the impact to the next medium. The butterfly spring plate 4 is forged from copper plate, and its ring width is greater than half the diameter of the telescopic piston rod 103. In the system, the compression dimension of the butterfly spring plate 4 does not exceed the deformation dimension of the compressed cylindrical spring 5, ensuring that both the butterfly spring plate 4 and the compressed cylindrical spring 5 are within the recoverable elastic deformation range, thus improving reusability.
[0028] This invention provides a collision test buffer device, comprising: 1. a passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system; 2. a collision vehicle; 3. a damping rubber plate; 4. a butterfly spring plate; 5. a compression cylindrical spring; 6. a rigid bearing plate; 7. a buffer protection rubber; and 8. a rigid barrier wall. Plates 2 to 6 are coaxially mounted on the telescopic cylinder of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system. The buffer protection rubber is fixed to the rigid wall. The passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system and the rigid wall are fixed to the same rigid support. Two sets of the buffer braking devices of this invention are symmetrically distributed on the rigid support, and the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system can share a hydraulic drive system. A portion of the collision kinetic energy is absorbed by the deformation of the butterfly spring plate (4), the compression cylindrical spring (5), and the damping rubber plate (3). The movement of the telescopic piston rod compresses the hydraulic oil in the cylinder, which, through the damping effect of a small orifice, further decelerates the collision vehicle and brakes it to a stationary state.
[0029] The hydraulic cylinder is designed with an initial pressure greater than 1 / 2 of the impact force; the compression stroke of the cylinder is less than 2 / 3 of the maximum compression stroke of the cylinder; the return oil port at the top of the cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder; the top of the return oil port is designed with a damping return oil hole and is sealed by a damping adjustment rod 106 with a spherical port.
[0030] Furthermore, the passive damping hydraulic buffer cylinder and the rigid barrier wall are fixed on the same rigid support, and the distance between the rigid barrier wall and the telescopic piston rod end cap is less than the maximum stroke of the hydraulic cylinder.
[0031] Furthermore, the damping rubber plate is coaxially mounted at both ends of the telescopic piston rod, and is placed between the collision vehicle and the cylinder liner end cover, respectively. The total thickness of the damping rubber plate is smaller than the compressible size of the butterfly spring plate 4 and the compression cylindrical spring 5. The damping rubber plate is composed of multiple 10mm thick rubber plates stacked together, which facilitates replacement after damage.
[0032] Furthermore, the rigid bearing plate 6 is coaxially mounted on the telescopic piston rod and placed on one side of the two damping rubber plates 3, serving as the bearing surface for the damping rubber plates.
[0033] Furthermore, the butterfly spring plate 4 and the compression cylindrical spring 5 are coaxially mounted between the rigid bearing plate 6, and a rigid bearing plate 6 can be added between the butterfly spring plate 4 and the compression cylindrical spring plate 5 as needed. Two butterfly spring plates are installed as a group, and the two butterfly spring plates are connected at the bowl joint during installation. Several groups can be installed as needed for cushioning.
[0034] Furthermore, a certain number of buffer protection rubbers 7 are fixed at the position of the telescopic piston rod corresponding to the rigid barrier wall to prevent the telescopic piston rod from directly impacting the rigid barrier wall during buffering, thus ensuring equipment safety. At the same time, a pressure relief oil pipe is connected to the return oil cylinder, and an overflow valve and a throttle valve are designed on the oil pipe to ensure that the high-pressure oil in the hydraulic oil compression process in the cylinder can fluctuate within a safe range, thus ensuring the safe operation of the hydraulic buffer cylinder system.
[0035] This invention provides a collision test buffer braking device. A passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system symmetrically mounted on both sides of the colliding object, along with a butterfly spring plate, a compression cylindrical spring, and a damping rubber plate coaxially mounted on the telescopic piston rod of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system, gradually compress and deform under the push of the collision vehicle, consuming the collision kinetic energy. Simultaneously, this compresses the internal hydraulic oil with a certain pressure, pulling the telescopic piston rod. The hydraulic oil generates return damping through a return oil chamber and return oil hole with a decreasing diameter, further decelerating the telescopic piston rod to a stop. At the same time, the increased oil pressure in the return oil chamber opens the overflow valve and throttle valve, returning the oil to the cylinder, ensuring the pressure safety of the hydraulic system.
[0036] In summary, the collision test buffer braking device provided in this application embodiment achieves at least the following technical effects compared with the prior art:
[0037] 1. This application employs a passive hydraulic damping cylinder system to dampen the motion, combined with the deformation buffering of the damping rubber plate 3, the butterfly spring plate 4, and the compression cylindrical spring 5, to decelerate and brake the collision vehicle 2. The buffer braking structure is simple and compact, with a short braking distance, avoiding the recovery process after the test piece collision and the secondary collision of the impact vehicle 2.
[0038] 2. The passive hydraulic damping cylinder system 1, butterfly spring plate 4, and compression cylindrical spring 5 used in this application share the impact force of the collision, which reduces the design difficulty, enables multiple and continuous repeated use, improves the test efficiency, and reduces the test operation and maintenance costs. Each time, only the damaged damping rubber plate 3 needs to be replaced, which is low cost.
[0039] 3. This application incorporates protective designs for extreme situations that may occur during equipment operation. For example, to prevent excessive impact force from causing the telescopic piston rod to directly strike the rigid wall, a buffer protective rubber 7 is designed; to prevent excessive pressure inside the cylinder during piston compression, an overflow valve is added to ensure the safe operation of the hydraulic equipment. By controlling the effective compression distance of the cylinder, the maximum stroke, and the distance requirements from the cylinder rod end cap 105 to the rigid wall, the application ensures minimal damage to the equipment under extreme conditions.
[0040] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A collision test buffer braking device, characterized in that, include: Two sets of buffer brake structures are installed on the same rigid support axis. Each set of buffer brake structures includes: a passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system (1), a rigid barrier wall (8), and a collision carrier (2), a damping rubber plate (3), a butterfly spring plate (4), a compression cylindrical spring (5), and a rigid bearing plate (6) coaxially installed on the telescopic cylinder of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system (1). The rigid bearing plate (6) separates the damping rubber plate (3) from the butterfly spring plate (4) and the damping rubber plate (3) from the compression cylindrical spring (5), and fixes the buffer protection rubber (7) on the rigid barrier wall (8) to ensure that the buffer brake device will not have a rigid collision.
2. The collision test buffer brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system (1) includes a cylinder body (101), a fixed cylinder seat (102), a telescopic piston rod (103), a return cylinder sleeve (104), a piston rod end cap (105), a damping adjustment rod (106), and a tapered sleeve (107); the fixed cylinder seat (102) is fixed on a rigid support, the cylinder body (101) is fixed at one end of the fixed cylinder seat (102), and the telescopic piston rod (103) is coaxially installed inside the cylinder body (101) and coaxially passes through the fixed cylinder seat (102); The ratio of the inner diameter of the cylinder body (101) to the inner diameter of the return cylinder liner (101) is greater than (2); the return cylinder liner (104) is fixed in the fixed cylinder seat (102) and coaxial with the telescopic piston rod (103), the telescopic piston cylinder (103) can slide along it, the tapered sleeve (107) is installed at the piston at the top of the telescopic piston rod (103) to adjust the oil pressure in the fixed cylinder seat (102) when the piston is compressed, and the damping adjustment rod 106 passes coaxially through the return oil hole of the fixed cylinder seat (102) and the return cylinder liner (104).
3. The collision test buffer brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system (1), the maximum stroke of the piston is greater than the distance from the end cap of the telescopic cylinder to the end face of the rigid barrier wall (8); in the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system (1), the maximum buffer stroke of the cylinder is less than the distance from the end cap of the telescopic cylinder to the end face of the rigid barrier wall (8).
4. A collision test buffer brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The maximum total deformability of the butterfly spring plate (4) and the compression cylindrical spring (5) is greater than the compressible deformation of the damping rubber plate (3).
5. A collision test buffer brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial oil pressure of the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system (1) is greater than 1 / 2 of the impact force of the collision vehicle, and the initial pressure of the overflow valve in the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system is greater than the initial pressure of the cylinder.
6. A collision test buffer brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The butterfly spring plate (4) is made of brass plate forged into a bowl shape with a natural frequency ≥1000Hz; the bowl mouths of two butterfly spring plates (4) are connected to form a group, and several groups are installed in this manner, with the bottom of the bowl connected to the rigid bearing plate (6).
7. A collision test buffer brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compression circular spring (5) is made of 65Mn steel and has a natural frequency of ≥1000Hz. The inner diameter of the compression circular spring (5) is 2mm to 5mm larger than the diameter of the telescopic cylinder in the passive hydraulic buffer cylinder system (1). The outer diameter of the compression circular spring (5) is smaller than the maximum external dimensions of the butterfly spring plate (4). The compressible distance of the compression circular spring (5) is greater than 1 / 2 of the cylinder buffer stroke.
8. A collision test buffer brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular width of the buffer damping rubber plate (3), the butterfly spring plate (4), and the rigid bearing plate (6) installed on the telescopic piston rod shall not be less than 1 / 2 the diameter of the telescopic piston rod. The inner diameter of the return cylinder liner shall not exceed 1 / 2 the inner diameter of the cylinder piston.