All-solid-state battery cell and all-solid-state battery
By introducing an insulating ceramic layer and a pressure cover structure into the all-solid-state battery cell, the problems of edge wrinkling of the electrode sheet and crosstalk of electrode boundary materials during charging and discharging are solved, realizing safe matching of electrode materials and process integrity of the battery cell structure, simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
In the current manufacturing process of all-solid-state battery cells, there are risks of wrinkling, cracking or short circuit at the electrode edges, and the problems of crosstalk between electrode boundary materials and ion channels caused by volume expansion during charging and discharging of stacked cells have not been effectively solved.
The design employs an insulating ceramic layer edge design and a pressure cover structure. The thickness and area of each layer are controlled through an electrostatic powder coating process to ensure good contact between the positive and negative electrodes and isolation of ion channels. The pressure cover also maintains the operating pressure of the battery cell.
This effectively avoids ion channel crosstalk and short circuit problems during the charging and discharging process of the battery cell, achieves safe matching of electrode materials and process integrity of the battery cell structure, simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224096724U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of new energy battery technology, specifically relating to an all-solid-state cell and an all-solid-state battery. Background Technology
[0002] Solid-state batteries, by using solid electrolytes instead of traditional liquid electrolytes, present entirely new demands on manufacturing processes and cell structure design. First, different types of solid electrolytes are sensitive to solvents, and their requirements for solvent polarity often differ compared to traditional positive and negative electrode materials, conductive agents, and binders. This makes selecting a solvent formulation compatible with various electrode materials for traditional wet mixing and coating processes extremely difficult. Second, based on the emerging dry-rolling composite process for electrodes, the interface bonding process during winding and assembly of the electrodes is difficult to avoid using ultra-high isostatic pressing steps. This process often causes wrinkling, cracking, or short-circuit risks at the electrode edges. Finally, because solid-state batteries lack freely flowing liquid electrolytes, they can be stacked arbitrarily in their structure. A novel stacking and stringing process can significantly increase the operating voltage of a single cell, but this process requires special design of the internal structure to ensure good solid-solid interface contact, maintain the electron and ion pathways required for cell operation, and prevent crosstalk and short circuits between the stacked materials during cell material expansion / contraction. Existing stacking technologies only provide a conceptual description of the series connection of electrodes within a single cell, without offering technical solutions to the problems of massive volume expansion of materials inside the cell during charging and discharging, as well as the problem of maintaining cell pressure.
[0003] In view of the above, this utility model is hereby proposed. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the shortcomings and defects of existing technologies, this utility model aims to provide an all-solid-state battery cell and an all-solid-state battery. It addresses both the structural design of each layer within the cell and the control of the cell's operating pressure. Regarding the stacking method between coatings, an edge design of the insulating ceramic layer is introduced to avoid ion channel crosstalk between upper and lower stacked cells, as well as misalignment and short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes within the same stack. Simultaneously, the cell's operating pressure is controlled by the cell's rigid square or cylindrical outer shell and a dedicated liftable pressure cover.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] In a first aspect, a fully solid-state battery cell is provided, comprising n layers, an insulating ceramic layer, a rigid casing, and a pressure cover plate. The pressure cover plate is slidably connected to the rigid casing and forms a closed space to accommodate the layers and the insulating ceramic layer. The insulating ceramic layer is located between the layers and the rigid casing along the length of the layers; where n is a positive integer.
[0007] The stack consists of a positive aluminum current collector, a positive active layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative active layer, and a negative copper current collector along the thickness direction from one side to the other. The positive aluminum current collector and the positive active layer constitute the positive electrode layer, and the negative active layer and the negative copper current collector constitute the negative electrode layer. The maximum planar projected area relationship of each part along the thickness direction in the stack is: positive aluminum current collector = negative copper current collector > solid electrolyte layer > negative active layer > positive active layer.
[0008] Furthermore, the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode copper current collector are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 2mm.
[0009] Furthermore, the negative electrode copper current collector and the negative electrode active layer are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5mm.
[0010] Furthermore, the positive aluminum current collector and the positive active layer are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5 mm.
[0011] Furthermore, the negative electrode active layer and the positive electrode active layer are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5mm.
[0012] Furthermore, one or more of the insulating ceramic layer, positive aluminum current collector, positive active layer, solid electrolyte layer, negative active layer, and negative copper current collector are electrostatic powder spraying coatings.
[0013] Furthermore, the thickness of the insulating ceramic layer is 1.5 mm to 3 mm;
[0014] And / or, the thickness of the positive aluminum current collector is 2–20 μm;
[0015] And / or, the thickness of the positive electrode active layer is 2–800 μm;
[0016] And / or, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is 5–100 μm;
[0017] And / or, the thickness of the negative electrode active layer is 1–500 μm;
[0018] And / or, the thickness of the negative electrode copper current collector is 1 to 10 μm.
[0019] Furthermore, the various layers are stacked in series in the rigid shell, and the positive aluminum current collector of one layer in an adjacent layer is directly attached to the negative copper current collector of another layer.
[0020] Furthermore, the pressure cover is located on top of the rigid shell, and a positive electrode interface is provided in the middle of the pressure cover. A negative electrode interface is provided at the bottom of the rigid shell. In addition to the positive and negative electrode interfaces, an electronic insulating layer is provided on the surface of the pressure cover and the rigid shell. The thickness of the electronic insulating layer is 0.5 to 1 μm.
[0021] And / or, a sealing ring is provided on the outer periphery of the pressure cover plate.
[0022] In a second aspect, an all-solid-state battery is provided, the all-solid-state battery comprising any of the all-solid-state cells described in the first aspect.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0024] 1. The internal layer structure design and pressure cover design of the battery cell in this utility model can effectively solve the problem of crosstalk between electrode boundary materials caused by volume expansion during the charging and discharging process of the stacked battery cell, and realize the matching problem between various types of solid electrolytes and electrode materials, as well as the process integrity of the stacked battery cell.
[0025] 2. The electrostatic powder coating process used in this invention perfectly avoids the dependence on solvents in the manufacture of all-solid-state battery cells; the area and thickness of each layer inside the all-solid-state battery cell are strictly limited, including the relative area control of the positive and negative electrode active layers, which can achieve safe and effective full capacity release; the edge insulating ceramic layer filling can realize the crosstalk of solid electrolytes during the expansion process of each stack during the charging and discharging of the battery cell, and prevent the occurrence of electron / ion short circuits; the pressure cover plate can maintain the required pressure during the preparation and charging and discharging of the all-solid-state battery cell; the layer-by-layer spraying perfectly adapts to the battery cell structure design, greatly simplifying the manufacturing process of all-solid-state battery cells and reducing costs.
[0026] Furthermore, since the electrolyte used in all-solid-state cells is entirely solid powder, without any flowable liquid electrolyte components, a certain pressure can be applied to press the solid electrolyte particles and active material particles together to ensure a good ion transport path and maintain good solid-solid contact. Specifically, a hydraulic device is added outside the pressure cover to achieve a pressure exceeding 10 MPa, ensuring the normal operation of the all-solid-state cell. Simultaneously, two additional sealing rings can be added to the upper and lower sides of the pressure cover, maintaining good battery encapsulation while not affecting the slight sliding of the pressure cover under pressure. Moreover, because it is all-solid-state, there is no leakage caused by poor heat sealing in traditional liquid-state cells. Attached Figure Description
[0027] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an all-solid-state battery cell structure according to the present invention;
[0029] Icons: 1-Layer, 101-Positive aluminum current collector, 102-Positive active layer, 103-Solid electrolyte layer, 104-Negative active layer, 105-Negative copper current collector, 2-Insulating ceramic layer, 3-Rigid outer shell, 301-Negative interface, 4-Pressure cover, 401-Positive interface, 5-Sealing ring. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following description, in conjunction with embodiments, further illustrates this utility model. The embodiments of this utility model are implemented based on the technical solutions of this utility model, providing detailed implementation methods and processes. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are merely illustrative and should not be considered as specific limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the scope of protection of this utility model is not limited to the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0031] In the description of this utility model, the terms "opposite," "vertical," "upper," "lower," and "parallel," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not require that this utility model be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. The terms "connected," "linked," and "set up" used in this utility model should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through intermediate components; they can refer to a wired electrical connection, a radio connection, or a wireless communication signal connection. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0032] Process parameters not specifically specified in the embodiments of this utility model are generally performed under conventional conditions. Unless otherwise specified and / or stated, all numerical values involving component amounts are "weight or mass values or ratios" throughout. Unless otherwise stated, all raw materials used in this utility model are available from commercially available products.
[0033] In this invention, the endpoints of the disclosed ranges and any values are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values of the various ranges, the endpoint values of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this invention.
[0034] Existing stacking technologies only provide a conceptual description of the series connection of electrodes within a single cell, without offering technical solutions to the problems of massive volume expansion of materials inside the cell during charging and discharging, as well as the problem of maintaining cell pressure.
[0035] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model proposes a solution from two aspects: the design of the various layers within the battery cell and the control of the battery cell's operating pressure. Specifically, the layer structure design of the battery cell requires particular emphasis on the stacking method between coatings. This is achieved by introducing an edge design for the insulating ceramic layer and strictly controlling the relative area of each coating layer during spraying to avoid ion channel crosstalk between upper and lower stacked cells, as well as misalignment and short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes within the same stack. Simultaneously, the battery cell's operating pressure is controlled by a rigid square or cylindrical outer shell and a dedicated liftable pressure cover. The outer shell has a negative electrode interface at its bottom, and the pressure cover has a positive electrode interface in its center. The inner and outer surfaces of the shell undergo electronic insulation treatment.
[0036] The specific technical solution of this utility model is as follows:
[0037] Firstly, a fully solid-state battery cell, as shown in the attached... Figure 1 As shown, the structure includes n layers 1, an insulating ceramic layer 2, a rigid outer shell 3, and a pressure cover 4. The pressure cover 4 is slidably connected to the rigid outer shell 3 and forms a closed space to accommodate the layers 1 and the insulating ceramic layer 2. The insulating ceramic layer 2 is located between the layers 1 and the rigid outer shell 3 along the length of the layers 1. Here, n is a positive integer.
[0038] The stack 1 is composed of a positive aluminum current collector 101, a positive active layer 102, a solid electrolyte layer 103, a negative active layer 104, and a negative copper current collector 105 along the thickness direction from one side to the other. The positive aluminum current collector 101 and the positive active layer 102 constitute the positive electrode layer, and the negative active layer 104 and the negative copper current collector 105 constitute the negative electrode layer. The maximum planar projected area relationship of each part along the thickness direction in the stack 1 is: positive aluminum current collector 101 = negative copper current collector 105 > solid electrolyte layer 103 > negative active layer 104 > positive active layer 102.
[0039] The battery cell of this invention comprises n stacked layers 1, each stacked layer 1 consisting of a negative electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer 103, and a positive electrode layer. The negative electrode layer consists of a negative copper current collector 105 and a negative active layer 104, with the negative copper current collector 105 centered on one side of the negative active layer 104. The maximum projected area of the negative active layer 104 is smaller than the maximum projected area of the negative copper current collector 105. Furthermore, the edge distance between the two does not exceed 5mm (e.g., 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1mm, etc.). Further still, the edge size difference between the negative active layer 104 and the negative copper current collector 105 is maintained between 1.5 and 3mm (e.g., 1.7mm, 1.9mm, 2.1mm, 2.3mm, 2.5mm, 2.7mm, 2.9mm, etc.). This allows electrons generated by the negative active layer 104 during charging and discharging to achieve a complete current collection effect through the negative copper current collector 105.
[0040] The positive electrode layer consists of a positive aluminum current collector 101 and a positive active layer 102. The positive aluminum current collector 101 is located on one side of the positive active layer 102 and is centered. The maximum projected area of the positive aluminum current collector 101 is equal to the maximum projected area of the negative copper current collector 105. The maximum projected area of the positive active layer 102 is smaller than the maximum projected area of the positive aluminum current collector 101. The distance between their edges does not exceed 5mm (such as 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1mm, etc.). This allows the electrons generated by the positive active layer 102 during charging and discharging to achieve a complete current collection effect through the positive aluminum current collector 101.
[0041] Furthermore, the positive electrode active layer 102 and the negative electrode active layer 104 are centered and aligned, and the maximum projected area of the positive electrode active layer 102 is smaller than the maximum projected area of the negative electrode active layer 104. The distance between their edges does not exceed 5mm (e.g., 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1mm, etc.). Furthermore, the difference in edge size between the positive electrode active layer 102 and the negative electrode active layer 104 is maintained at 1 to 2mm (e.g., 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, etc.). This allows the positive electrode active material to be fully utilized, while also preventing lithium metal deposition at the negative electrode.
[0042] The solid electrolyte layer 102 is located between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer and fills the space between them. Specifically, it can be filled between the positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 and the negative electrode copper current collector 105, that is, it simultaneously covers the positive electrode active layer 102 and the negative electrode active layer 104. The maximum projected area of the solid electrolyte layer 103 is smaller than the maximum projected area of the negative electrode copper current collector 105 and the distance between their edges does not exceed 2 mm (e.g., 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.1 mm, etc.). Further, the difference in edge size between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the negative electrode active layer 104 is maintained at 1 to 1.5 mm (e.g., 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, etc.). Even further, the difference in edge size between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the positive electrode active layer 102 is maintained at 2 to 3.5 mm (e.g., 2.1 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.3 mm, etc.). The solid electrolyte provides good ion conduction and electronic insulation between the positive and negative electrode layers, and effectively fills the gaps between the positive and negative electrode current collectors, thus enhancing the ion transport dynamics at the electrode edges.
[0043] Therefore, as an optional embodiment of the all-solid-state battery cell of this utility model, the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the negative electrode copper current collector 105 are centered and aligned, and the distance between their edges does not exceed 2mm.
[0044] And / or, the negative electrode copper current collector 105 is centered and aligned with the negative electrode active layer 104, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5 mm.
[0045] And / or, the positive aluminum current collector 101 and the positive active layer 102 are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5 mm.
[0046] And / or, the negative electrode active layer 104 and the positive electrode active layer 102 are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5 mm.
[0047] In this invention, the insulating ceramic layer 2 is at least one of alumina, zirconium oxide, aluminum nitride, and silicon nitride, and it is filled between the rigid outer shell 3 of the battery cell and the stack 1. This can avoid crosstalk of solid electrolytes during the expansion process of each stack during the charging and discharging of the battery cell, and prevent the occurrence of electron / ion short circuits.
[0048] In this invention, each layer 1 of the battery cell and the insulating ceramic layer 2 are coated layer by layer using an existing electrostatic powder coating process powered by compressed air. This perfectly adapts to the internal structure design of the battery cell, greatly simplifying the manufacturing process of the all-solid-state battery cell and reducing costs. Therefore, as an optional embodiment of the all-solid-state battery cell of this invention, one or more of the insulating ceramic layer 2, the positive aluminum current collector 101, the positive active layer 102, the solid electrolyte layer 103, the negative active layer 104, and the negative copper current collector 105 are electrostatic powder coatings. Further, the thickness of the positive aluminum current collector 101 is 2–20 μm (e.g., 3 μm, 5 μm, 7 μm, 9 μm, 11 μm, 13 μm, 15 μm, 17 μm, 19 μm, etc.).
[0049] And / or, the thickness of the positive electrode active layer 102 is 2 to 800 μm (e.g., 3 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 600 μm, 700 μm, 750 μm, etc.);
[0050] And / or, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 103 is 5 to 100 μm (e.g., 6 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, etc.);
[0051] And / or, the thickness of the negative electrode active layer 104 is 1 to 500 μm (e.g., 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, etc.);
[0052] And / or, the thickness of the negative electrode copper current collector 105 is 1 to 10 μm (e.g., 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, etc.).
[0053] The aforementioned thickness control can be strictly controlled through spraying time and spraying flow rate, and the relative thickness of each layer is set in conjunction with the theoretical ratio of positive and negative electrode capacity. Optionally, an insulating ceramic layer 2 is sprayed to fill the space between the rigid shell 3 and the stack 1. The thickness of the insulating ceramic layer 2 is 1.5mm to 3mm (e.g., 1.6μm, 1.8μm, 2μm, 2.2μm, 2.4μm, 2.6μm, 2.8μm, etc.). The thickness of the positive and negative electrode layers is determined according to the type of positive and negative electrode active materials and the capacity matching principle, and is generally not less than 30μm. The thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is 5 to 50μm. The thickness of the positive electrode current collector is 2 to 12μm, and the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is 2 to 10μm.
[0054] In this invention, the pressure cover moves slightly under pressure, with an overall displacement percentage of less than 10%. Based on the maximum dimensions described herein, the maximum thickness of a single cell layer is 1.43 mm. For a ternary graphite material system with a 3.75V output voltage, after stacking n=100 layers, the total output voltage is 375V, and the thickness is 14.3 cm. Considering the volume expansion rate of a liquid cell at 6% compared to a full charge / full discharge, the overall cover displacement is only 0.86 cm, which is considered slight slippage. Therefore, the pressure cover 4 can be connected using a conventional planar sliding method. Since the all-solid-state battery contains no liquid and there is no leakage, a sealing ring 5 can be provided on the outer periphery of the pressure cover to maintain good battery encapsulation. Specifically, two additional sealing rings are added to its upper and lower sides. The sealing rings 5 slide together with the pressure cover 4 on the inner wall of the rigid outer shell 3.
[0055] As an optional embodiment of the all-solid-state battery cell of this utility model, each stack 1 is stacked in series in the rigid shell 3, and the positive aluminum current collector 101 of one stack 1 and the negative copper current collector 105 of the other stack 1 are directly attached; further, the pressure cover plate 4 is located on the top of the rigid shell 3 of the battery cell, and the pressure cover plate 4 is provided with a positive interface 401 in the middle, which serves as a positive electron return; the bottom of the rigid shell 3 is provided with a negative interface 301, which serves as a negative electron return; in addition to the positive and negative interfaces, the surfaces of the pressure cover plate 4 and the rigid shell 3 are all subjected to electronic insulation spraying treatment, that is, an electronic insulation layer is provided, and the thickness of the electronic insulation spraying treatment / electronic insulation layer is 0.5~1μm (such as 0.6μm, 0.7μm, 0.8μm, 0.9μm, etc.) to prevent electronic short circuits inside the battery cell.
[0056] In a second aspect, there is an all-solid-state battery, comprising the all-solid-state cell described in the first aspect.
[0057] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
[0058] Example 1
[0059] An all-solid-state battery, including as Figure 1 The all-solid-state battery cell shown has a structure comprising n stacked layers 1, an insulating ceramic layer 2, a rigid outer shell 3, and a pressure cover plate 4. The pressure cover plate 4 is slidably connected to the rigid outer shell 3 and forms a closed space to accommodate the stacked layers 1 and the insulating ceramic layer 2. The insulating ceramic layer 2 is located between the stacked layers 1 and the rigid outer shell 3 along the length direction of the stacked layers 1; where n is a positive integer.
[0060] The stack 1 consists of a positive aluminum current collector 101, a positive active layer 102, a solid electrolyte layer 103, a negative active layer 104, and a negative copper current collector 105, arranged from one side to the other along the thickness direction. The positive aluminum current collector 101 and the positive active layer 102 constitute the positive electrode layer, while the negative active layer 104 and the negative copper current collector 105 constitute the negative electrode layer. The maximum planar projected area relationship of each part along the thickness direction in the stack 1 is: positive aluminum current collector 101 = negative copper current collector 105 > solid electrolyte layer 103 > negative active layer 104 > positive active layer 102. The specific positions and thicknesses are set as follows:
[0061] The negative electrode copper current collector 105 is centered on one side of the negative electrode active layer 104, with a 4mm gap between their edges;
[0062] The maximum projected area of the positive aluminum current collector 101 is equal to the maximum projected area of the negative copper current collector 105;
[0063] The positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 is centered on one side of the positive electrode active layer 102, and the distance between their edges is 5mm.
[0064] The positive electrode active layer 102 and the negative electrode active layer 104 are centered and aligned, with a 1mm gap between their edges;
[0065] The solid electrolyte layer 102 is simultaneously coated on the positive electrode active layer 102 and the negative electrode active layer 104. The edge distance between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the negative electrode copper current collector is 2 mm. The edge size difference between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the negative electrode active layer 104 is 2 mm. The edge size difference between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the positive electrode active layer 102 is 3 mm.
[0066] The thickness of the insulating ceramic layer 2 is 2 mm;
[0067] The thickness of the positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 is 20 μm;
[0068] The thickness of the positive electrode active layer 102 is 800 μm;
[0069] The thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 103 is 100 μm;
[0070] The thickness of the negative electrode active layer 104 is 500 μm;
[0071] The thickness of the negative electrode copper current collector 105 is 10 μm;
[0072] The rigid housing 3 has a negative electrode interface 301 at the bottom and a pressure cover plate 4 with a positive electrode interface 401 at the top. The outer periphery of the pressure cover plate 4 is provided with a sealing ring 5 near the upper and lower sides, and the sealing ring 5 slides on the inner wall of the rigid housing 3 together with the pressure cover plate 4. The interior of the rigid housing 3 is coated layer by layer by electrostatic powder spraying to realize the sequential stacking of the negative electrode, electrolyte and positive electrode layers to form a stack 1. Each stack 1 is stacked in series (that is, the positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 of one stack 1 is directly attached to the negative electrode copper current collector 105 of another stack 1). The insulating ceramic layer 2 is located inside the rigid housing 3 and surrounds the positive and negative electrode current collectors and solid electrolyte in a ring to prevent ion short circuit in the solid electrolyte between the upper and lower stacks and to maintain electronic insulation with the rigid housing. During the spraying process, a 0.7 μm thick electronic insulating layer is first sprayed around the inside of the rigid shell 3 and on the surface of the pressure cover plate 4. Then, a negative electrode copper current collector 105 is sprayed starting from the bottom of the rigid shell 3. Next, a ceramic insulating layer 2 is filled into the gap between the negative electrode copper current collector 105 and the rigid shell 3. Then, a negative electrode active layer 104 and a solid electrolyte layer 103 of equal height are sprayed onto the negative electrode copper current collector 105. Then, a ceramic insulating layer 2 is filled into the gap between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the rigid shell 3. Next, a solid electrolyte layer 103 of a certain height is sprayed onto the negative electrode active layer 104 and the solid electrolyte layer 103. Finally, a newly sprayed solid electrolyte layer 103 is applied. A ceramic insulating layer 2 is filled in the gap between the rigid shell 3 and the solid electrolyte layer 3. Next, a positive electrode active layer 102 and a solid electrolyte layer 103 of equal height are sprayed onto the solid electrolyte layer 103. Then, a ceramic insulating layer 2 is filled in the gap between the newly sprayed solid electrolyte layer 103 and the rigid shell 3. Finally, a positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 is sprayed onto the newly sprayed ceramic insulating layer 2, the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the positive electrode active layer 102. Then, a ceramic insulating layer 2 is filled in the gap between the positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 and the rigid shell 3, thus forming a stack 1 surrounded and covered by the ceramic insulating layer 2. Other stacks 1 are prepared in the same way on the pre-prepared stacks 1.
[0073] Example 2
[0074] The only difference from Example 1 is:
[0075] The negative electrode copper current collector 105 is centered on one side of the negative electrode active layer 104, with a distance of 2.5 mm between their edges;
[0076] The positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 is centered on one side of the positive electrode active layer 102, with a distance of 4.5 mm between their edges;
[0077] The positive electrode active layer 102 and the negative electrode active layer 104 are centered and aligned, with a 2mm gap between their edges;
[0078] The solid electrolyte layer 102 is simultaneously coated on the positive electrode active layer 102 and the negative electrode active layer 104. The edge distance between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the negative electrode copper current collector is 1 mm. The edge size difference between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the negative electrode active layer 104 is 1.5 mm. The edge size difference between the solid electrolyte layer 103 and the positive electrode active layer 102 is 3.5 mm.
[0079] The thickness of the insulating ceramic layer 2 is 3mm;
[0080] The thickness of the positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 is 10 μm;
[0081] The thickness of the positive electrode active layer 102 is 400 μm;
[0082] The thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 103 is 50 μm;
[0083] The thickness of the negative electrode active layer 104 is 250 μm;
[0084] The thickness of the negative electrode copper current collector 105 is 5μm;
[0085] The thickness of the electronic insulating layer is 1 μm;
[0086] All other settings are the same as in Example 1.
[0087] Example 3
[0088] The only difference from Example 1 is:
[0089] The thickness of the insulating ceramic layer 2 is 1.5 mm;
[0090] The thickness of the positive electrode aluminum current collector 101 is 5μm;
[0091] The thickness of the positive electrode active layer 102 is 100 μm;
[0092] The thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 103 is 10 μm;
[0093] The thickness of the negative electrode active layer 104 is 60 μm;
[0094] The thickness of the negative electrode copper current collector 105 is 2μm;
[0095] The thickness of the electronic insulating layer is 0.5 μm;
[0096] All other settings are the same as in Example 1.
[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A fully solid-state battery cell, characterized in that, It includes n stacked layers (1), an insulating ceramic layer (2), a rigid shell (3), and a pressure cover plate (4). The pressure cover plate (4) is slidably connected to the rigid shell (3) and forms a closed space to accommodate the stacked layers (1) and the insulating ceramic layer (2). The insulating ceramic layer (2) is located between the stacked layers (1) and the rigid shell (3) along the length direction of the stacked layers (1). Wherein, n is a positive integer. The stack (1) is composed of a positive aluminum current collector (101), a positive active layer (102), a solid electrolyte layer (103), a negative active layer (104), and a negative copper current collector (105) from one side to the other along the thickness direction. The positive aluminum current collector (101) and the positive active layer (102) constitute the positive electrode layer, and the negative active layer (104) and the negative copper current collector (105) constitute the negative electrode layer. The maximum planar projected area relationship of each part along the thickness direction in the stack (1) is: positive aluminum current collector (101) = negative copper current collector (105) > solid electrolyte layer (103) > negative active layer (104) > positive active layer (102).
2. The all-solid-state battery cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The solid electrolyte layer (103) and the negative electrode copper current collector (105) are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 2 mm.
3. The all-solid-state battery cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The negative electrode copper current collector (105) and the negative electrode active layer (104) are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5 mm.
4. The all-solid-state battery cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positive electrode aluminum current collector (101) and the positive electrode active layer (102) are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5 mm.
5. The all-solid-state battery cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The negative electrode active layer (104) and the positive electrode active layer (102) are centered and aligned, with the distance between their edges not exceeding 5 mm.
6. The all-solid-state battery cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One or more of the insulating ceramic layer (2), positive aluminum current collector (101), positive active layer (102), solid electrolyte layer (103), negative active layer (104) and negative copper current collector (105) are electrostatic powder spray coatings.
7. The all-solid-state battery cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the insulating ceramic layer (2) is 1.5 mm to 3 mm; And / or, the thickness of the positive aluminum current collector (101) is 2 to 20 μm; And / or, the thickness of the positive electrode active layer (102) is 2 to 800 μm; And / or, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer (103) is 5 to 100 μm; And / or, the thickness of the negative electrode active layer (104) is 1 to 500 μm; And / or, the thickness of the negative electrode copper current collector (105) is 1 to 10 μm.
8. The all-solid-state battery cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each stack (1) is stacked in series in the rigid shell (3), and the positive aluminum current collector (101) of one stack (1) of the adjacent stack (1) is directly attached to the negative copper current collector (105) of the other stack (1).
9. The all-solid-state battery cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure cover plate (4) is located on top of the rigid shell (3), and the pressure cover plate (4) has a positive electrode interface (401) in the middle, and the rigid shell (3) has a negative electrode interface (301) at the bottom. In addition to the positive and negative electrode interfaces, the surfaces of the pressure cover plate (4) and the rigid shell (3) are provided with an electronic insulating layer, and the thickness of the electronic insulating layer is 0.5 to 1 μm. And / or, a sealing ring (5) is provided on the outer periphery of the pressure cover plate (4).
10. An all-solid-state battery, characterized in that, The all-solid-state battery includes any one of the all-solid-state cells described in claims 1-9.