Circularly polarized antenna for complex terrains

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a circularly polarized antenna for complex terrains, which comprises four layers of rectangular dielectric substrates connected in a nested manner, band gaps are arranged on the first dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, and metal through holes penetrating through the dielectric substrates are further arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate. According to the utility model, the design of radiation layer-dielectric layer-feed layer-grounding layer is adopted, so that circularly polarized radiation and multi-band work of the antenna are realized; the metal through holes which are non-uniformly distributed and penetrate through the dielectric substrate are adopted, so that compensation of loss surplus and bandwidth expansion are realized, a heat dissipation structure is optimized, and the stability of the antenna in a high-power application scene is guaranteed; the antenna designed by the utility model has good environment adaptability and signal transmission stability in a complex landform environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to a circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of communication technology, antennas are a key component of wireless communication systems, and their performance directly affects the quality and efficiency of signal transmission. Circularly polarized antennas are widely used because of their strong polarization matching adaptability, good anti-interference ability, and ability to automatically adapt to changes in signal polarization direction.

[0003] Existing circularly polarized antennas suffer from narrow radiation bandwidth and limited radiation modes, making them difficult to handle complex terrain. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention discloses a circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain to solve the above problems; a circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain includes a four-layer rectangular dielectric substrate and copper pillars; the four-layer rectangular dielectric substrate includes:

[0005] The first dielectric substrate has a stripe-shaped gap for receiving or radiating signals.

[0006] The second dielectric substrate is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna;

[0007] The third dielectric substrate is used to realize the conversion between electrical signals and radiation signals;

[0008] The fourth dielectric substrate has a stripe gap to provide a current return path and suppress electromagnetic interference;

[0009] The surfaces of the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, and the third dielectric substrate are also provided with metal through holes penetrating the dielectric substrates; the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, and the third dielectric substrate are fixed by copper pillars passing through the metal through holes, and the fourth dielectric substrate is fixed to the third dielectric substrate by a hot pressing process.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this utility model include:

[0011] By employing an asymmetric "L"-shaped band gap in the first dielectric substrate, degenerate modes are split, multiple orthogonal modes are generated, the phase difference of the radiative orthogonal modes is enhanced, and the radiation bandwidth is extended.

[0012] By using a larger third dielectric substrate, the mechanical strength of the antenna is enhanced, and impedance matching and signal conversion efficiency are ensured; the bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the frequency band are increased, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the antenna in complex environments such as urban areas;

[0013] By using an annular strip slot in the fourth dielectric substrate to form a common-mode current loop, which is coupled with the "L"-shaped strip slot in the first dielectric substrate, the orthogonal mode is forced to be excited, the radiation direction of the circularly polarized antenna is optimized, and the antenna is more likely to cope with complex terrain.

[0014] By employing a spiral gradient array of metal vias that penetrate the dielectric substrate, the metal vias connect the radiating layer and the feeding layer, constraining the current path, achieving loss compensation and bandwidth expansion, and optimizing the heat dissipation structure, the antenna is ensured to maintain stability in high-power applications and is adapted to the needs of 5G millimeter wave / satellite communication. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circularly polarized antenna used in complex terrain according to this utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first dielectric substrate of the circularly polarized antenna in this utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second dielectric substrate of the circularly polarized antenna in this utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third dielectric substrate of the circularly polarized antenna in this utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth dielectric substrate of the circularly polarized antenna in this utility model;

[0020] The numbers in the figure are: 1-first dielectric substrate, 2-second dielectric substrate, 3-third dielectric substrate, 4-fourth dielectric substrate, 5-metal through-hole, 6-"L"-shaped strip gap, 7-annular strip gap, 8-copper pillar. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, features and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, will further illustrate this utility model.

[0022] This embodiment includes a circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain, employing a "radiating layer-dielectric layer-feed layer-ground layer" structure, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes four rectangular dielectric substrates and copper pillars.

[0023] Specifically, the four-layer rectangular dielectric substrate includes:

[0024] The first dielectric substrate, i.e. the radiating layer, has a strip-shaped slot for radiating signals. The strip-shaped slot is "L"-shaped, with both sides of the "L" having the same length and width. In this embodiment, the length of both sides of the "L" is 1.5 mm, and the width of the slot is 0.5 mm.

[0025] In this embodiment, the first dielectric substrate is provided with three "L"-shaped strip slots, such as... Figure 2 As shown, "L"-shaped stripe slits are etched on the outer edge, with the opening of the "L" facing one side of the substrate. They are asymmetrically distributed on the first dielectric substrate, except... Figure 2 The azimuth angle of "L" shown can also be selected as: 30°, 150°, 270°.

[0026] The second dielectric substrate, i.e., the dielectric layer, such as Figure 3 As shown, this is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna.

[0027] The third dielectric substrate, i.e., the feed layer, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes the power supply port.

[0028] The fourth dielectric substrate, namely the ground layer, has an annular strip gap.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the grounding layer has a ring-shaped strip gap located at the center of the fourth dielectric substrate. The dimensions of the ring-shaped strip gap include: inner diameter 20mm, outer diameter 23mm, gap width 1.5mm, and geometric symmetry error of less than 0.05mm. The ring-shaped strip gap is directly fabricated on the fourth dielectric substrate using an etching process, and then the layers are bonded together using a hot-pressing process.

[0030] Furthermore, through-hole metal vias penetrating the dielectric substrate are also provided on the radiating layer, dielectric layer, and feed layer. The through-hole metal vias are distributed in a spiral gradient array to realize high-frequency phase calibration, surface wave suppression, and the construction of a three-dimensional heat dissipation channel. The settings parameters of the spiral gradient array include: center radius R1 = 7 mm, edge radius R1 = 25 mm, and via density of 24 vias / cm² at the center. 2 ~8 holes / cm at the edge 2 The aperture gradient range is 1mm from the center to 1.5mm from the edge.

[0031] In this embodiment, the distribution of the metal vias is as follows:

[0032] Radiation layer: Through-holes are densely arranged along the corners and openings of the L-shaped slit, with a through-hole density of 24 holes / cm² at the center. 2 ~8 holes / cm at the edge 2 The aperture gradient range is 1mm from the center to 1.5mm from the edge.

[0033] Dielectric layer: Pore density is 24 pores / cm² at the center.2 ~8 holes / cm at the edge 2 The aperture gradient range is 1mm from the center to 1.5mm from the edge.

[0034] Feed layer: via density of 18 vias / cm² at the center 2 ~8 holes / cm at the edge 2 The aperture gradient ranges from 1.2 mm at the center to 1.5 mm at the edge.

[0035] Furthermore, copper pillars passing through metal vias are used to fix the radiating layer, dielectric layer, and feed layer. The diameter of the copper pillar is the same as the diameter of the metal via it passes through, and its height is the same as the sum of the thicknesses of the radiating layer, dielectric layer, and feed layer. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, there are four copper pillars passing through the metal through holes, which are respectively inserted into the metal through holes at the four corners of the dielectric substrate.

[0036] The dielectric substrate is made of ceramic-filled PTFE composite material. In this embodiment, all dielectric substrates are Rogers RO 3010 to ensure high-frequency low loss and heat dissipation synergistic radiation layer / dielectric layer / ground layer planar dimensions. Specifically, the first, second, and fourth dielectric substrates are the same size, 6 inches * 8 inches, while the third dielectric substrate is larger than the first, second, and fourth dielectric substrates, at 8 inches * 12 inches. The larger size of the third substrate is used to enhance mechanical strength and ensure impedance matching and signal conversion efficiency. The larger size increases the bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the frequency band to a certain extent, but may also introduce new parasitic modes. The metal vias that penetrate other layers can suppress parasitic modes, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the antenna in complex environments such as urban areas.

[0037] Example 2:

[0038] This embodiment includes a circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain. The difference from the previous embodiment is that in this embodiment, nine copper pillars are used to fix the radiating layer, the dielectric layer and the feed layer.

[0039] Specifically, four copper pillars pass through metal vias at the four corners of the dielectric substrate, four copper pillars pass through metal vias at the midpoints of the four sides of the dielectric substrate, and one copper pillar passes through a metal via in the very center of the dielectric substrate. The diameter of the copper pillars is the same as the diameter of the metal vias they pass through.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above description only depicts some embodiments of the present utility model. For those skilled in the art, it is conceivable that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present utility model. The protection scope of the present utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, and all the above-mentioned behaviors should be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain, characterized in that, It includes a four-layer rectangular dielectric substrate and copper pillars; the four-layer rectangular dielectric substrate includes: The first dielectric substrate has a stripe-shaped gap for receiving or radiating signals. The second dielectric substrate is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna; The third dielectric substrate is used to realize the conversion between electrical signals and radiation signals; The fourth dielectric substrate has a stripe gap to provide a current return path and suppress electromagnetic interference; The surfaces of the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, and the third dielectric substrate are also provided with metal through holes penetrating the dielectric substrate; The first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, and the third dielectric substrate are fixed by copper pillars passing through metal through holes, and the fourth dielectric substrate is fixed to the third dielectric substrate by a hot pressing process.

2. The circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first dielectric substrate has an "L" shaped stripe, which is set on a surface where the two sides of the "L" are the same length and width.

3. The circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stripe of the fourth dielectric substrate is annular in shape and is located at the center of the fourth dielectric substrate.

4. The circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal through-holes are distributed using a spiral gradient array.

5. The circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain according to claim 4, characterized in that, The settings parameters for the spiral gradient array include: center radius 7mm, edge radius 25mm, and through-hole density of 24 holes / cm² at the center. 2 ~8 holes / cm at the edge 2 The aperture gradient range is 1mm from the center to 1.5mm from the edge.

6. The circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the copper pillar is the same as the diameter of the metal through-hole it passes through, and the height of the copper pillar is the same as the sum of the thicknesses of the first, second, and third dielectric substrates.

7. The circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four-layer rectangular dielectric substrate uses ceramic-filled PTFE composite material.

8. The circularly polarized antenna for complex terrain according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first, second, and fourth dielectric substrates are the same size, while the third dielectric substrate is larger than the first, second, and fourth dielectric substrates.

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