Microstrip patch antenna

Abstract

The utility model discloses a microstrip patch antenna which comprises a dielectric substrate and a radiation patch. The radiation patch is arranged on the dielectric substrate, the radiation patch is E-shaped, the parallel edge of the E-shaped radiation patch is defined as a first sub-radiation patch, the vertical edge of the E-shaped radiation patch is defined as a second sub-radiation patch, and the length of the first sub-radiation patch is larger than or equal to 2.1 mm and smaller than or equal to 2.5 mm. The E-shaped structure enables the current to bypass between the first sub radiation patch and the second sub radiation patch, which is equivalent to increasing the electrical length of the radiation patch and reducing the resonant frequency of a fundamental mode, so that the low-frequency band bandwidth is broadened; the edges of the first sub-radiation patch and the second sub-radiation patch can generate strong electromagnetic field coupling to excite an additional parasitic resonance mode, so that the frequency band is further widened, and the bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna is effectively widened. Wherein the first sub radiation patch of 2.1 mm to 2.5 mm enables the resonant frequency of the microstrip patch antenna to range from 43.7 Ghz to 55.1 Ghz, the relative bandwidth is 23%, and high bandwidth is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a microstrip patch antenna. Background Technology

[0002] As a "medium" in a communication system, the antenna receives the high-frequency current generated by the transmitter through the feed line, and then radiates this current out in the form of electromagnetic waves. It realizes the conversion between high-frequency current and electromagnetic waves, so the antenna is an indispensable part of the communication system.

[0003] Existing microstrip patch antennas rely on metal patches on a dielectric substrate to achieve electromagnetic resonance. The patch size, substrate dielectric constant, and thickness collectively determine the resonant frequency. Because the physical dimensions cannot be dynamically adjusted with frequency changes, the bandwidth of traditional rectangular patch antennas is typically limited to 1%-5% of the center frequency. In 5G millimeter-wave band applications (24.25-52.6GHz), traditional microstrip patch antennas struggle to simultaneously cover multiple sub-bands, severely impacting the compatibility of communication systems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose a microstrip patch antenna, which aims to solve the technical problem of excessively narrow bandwidth in existing microstrip patch antennas.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a microstrip patch antenna, comprising:

[0006] Dielectric substrate;

[0007] A radiating patch is disposed on the dielectric substrate. The radiating patch is E-shaped, wherein the parallel side of the E-shape is defined as a first sub-radiating patch, and the vertical side of the E-shape is defined as a second sub-radiating patch. The length of the first sub-radiating patch is greater than or equal to 2.1 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm.

[0008] In some embodiments, the microstrip patch antenna further includes a microstrip feed patch disposed on the side of the radiating patch opposite to the E-shaped opening, and the microstrip feed patch is connected to the second sub-radiating patch.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second sub-radiating patch is further provided with a feed point connected to the microstrip feed patch.

[0010] In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate has an input port at one end near the microstrip feed patch, and the input port is connected to the microstrip feed patch.

[0011] In some embodiments, the material of the radiating patch is one of copper, aluminum, or silver.

[0012] In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate is a glass substrate.

[0013] This invention features a radiating patch on a dielectric substrate. The radiating patch has an E-shaped structure, comprising a first sub-radiating patch and a second sub-radiating patch. The E-shaped structure allows current to circulate between the first and second sub-radiating patches, effectively increasing the electrical length of the radiating patch and lowering the fundamental mode resonant frequency, thereby widening the low-frequency bandwidth. Furthermore, strong electromagnetic field coupling is generated at the edges of the first and second sub-radiating patches, exciting additional parasitic resonant modes and achieving multimode resonance, further widening the bandwidth. This makes the bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna of this invention greater than that of a traditional rectangular patch antenna. Specifically, the length of the first sub-radiating patch is greater than or equal to 2.1 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm, resulting in a resonant frequency of 43.7 GHz to 55.1 GHz for the microstrip patch antenna, with a relative bandwidth of 23%, achieving high bandwidth. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the microstrip patch antenna of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the microstrip patch antenna of this utility model.

[0016] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0017] label name label name 100 microstrip patch antenna 110 dielectric substrate 120 Radiation patches 130 microstrip fed patch 150 Input port 121 First radiation patch 122 Second radiation patch Detailed Implementation

[0018] The solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0019] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0020] It should also be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component present. When a component is described as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component present.

[0021] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this utility model is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 This utility model provides a microstrip patch antenna 100, including a dielectric substrate 110 and a radiating patch 120. The radiating patch 120 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 110 and is E-shaped. The parallel side of the E-shape is defined as the first sub-radiating patch 121, and the vertical side of the E-shape is defined as the second sub-radiating patch 122. The length of the first sub-radiating patch 121 is greater than or equal to 2.1 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm, and the length of the second sub-radiating patch 122 is 3.01 mm.

[0023] The primary function of the dielectric substrate 110 is to serve as a support structure for the antenna, isolating the radiating patch 120 from the ground and providing a dielectric environment for electromagnetic energy transmission. The dielectric substrate 110 is a glass substrate. Glass substrates can be processed to a thickness of 50 μm, compared to the minimum 100 μm thickness of PCB substrates. This allows for the fabrication of microstrip lines with linewidths / spacings of 20 μm using photolithography, meeting the requirements for high-frequency miniaturization. Furthermore, the glass substrate has lower ohmic and dielectric losses, improving the radiation efficiency and communication range of the microstrip patch antenna 100. For example, the dielectric substrate 110 is made of Rogers R04003 material. TM Series. Of course, the above is only an example, and the specific materials can be determined according to actual needs. This utility model does not impose any limitations here.

[0024] The E-shaped radiating patch 120, serving as the antenna body, can introduce additional resonant modes and expand the bandwidth. The E-shaped radiating patch 120 includes three parallel first sub-radiating patches 121 and a second sub-radiating patch 122 that perpendicularly connects the three first sub-radiating patches 121. A gap exists between the two first sub-radiating patches 121, which laterally interrupts the surface current of the radiating patch 120, adjusting the current path and multimode resonance characteristics. Specifically, the E-shaped structure allows the current to bypass between the first sub-radiating patches 121 and the second sub-radiating patches 122, effectively increasing the electrical length of the radiating patch 120, lowering the fundamental mode resonant frequency, and thus widening the low-frequency bandwidth. Furthermore, strong electromagnetic field coupling is generated at the edges of the first sub-radiating patches 121 and the second sub-radiating patches 122, exciting additional parasitic resonant modes and further widening the bandwidth.

[0025] In some embodiments, the material of the radiating patch 120 is a metal with excellent electrical conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, or silver. For example, the radiating patch 120 is a copper sheet, which has high electrical conductivity and low radiation loss; it is also low in cost and easy to process. Of course, the above is only an example, and the specific material can be determined according to actual needs. This utility model does not impose any limitations on this.

[0026] The dielectric substrate 110 of this invention has a radiating patch 120 with an E-shaped structure. The radiating patch 120 includes three parallel first sub-radiating patches 121 and one vertical second sub-radiating patch 122. Strong electromagnetic field coupling is generated between the first sub-radiating patches 121 and the second sub-radiating patches 122 to achieve multimode resonance, making the bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna 100 of this invention greater than that of a traditional rectangular patch antenna. In addition, the E-shaped structure of the radiating patch 120 can extend the current path, which can not only broaden the bandwidth, but also effectively reduce the size of the radiating patch 120, thereby reducing the size of the microstrip patch antenna 100, making it easier to install in portable devices such as mobile phones and drones.

[0027] The main dimensions of the radiating patch 120 determine the center resonant frequency of the microstrip patch antenna 100; the longer the length, the lower the frequency. To ensure that the microstrip patch antenna 100 has a good frequency, the length of the first sub-radiating patch 121 of this invention is greater than or equal to 2.1 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm, and the length of the second sub-radiating patch 122 is 3.01 mm.

[0028] In other words, the length of the first sub-radiating patch 121 can be 2.1mm, 2.3mm, 2.47mm, or 2.5mm, etc. For example, the length of the first sub-radiating patch 121 is 2.47mm. When the length of the first sub-radiating patch 121 is 2.47mm, the microstrip patch antenna 100 can achieve a resonant frequency of up to 49.7GHz, realizing broadband. Of course, the above is only an example, and the specific length can be determined according to actual needs. This utility model does not impose any limitations on this.

[0029] The gap between the two first sub-radiating patches 121 is 0.51 mm wide, and the width of the first sub-radiating patch 121 is 0.66 mm. The gap width and the length of the second sub-radiating patch 122 form a 1:6 ratio, ensuring the integrity of the patch structure while providing space for current path modification. This width design ensures moderate electromagnetic coupling strength between the first sub-radiating patches 121, which can excite multimode resonance while avoiding mode interference caused by excessively narrow spacing.

[0030] To make the technical solution and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model and its beneficial effects will be described in more detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the embodiments of this utility model are not limited thereto.

[0031] The microstrip patch antenna 100 was simulated using HFSS based on the finite element method (FEM). The length of the first sub-radiating patch 121 was set to 2.1 mm–2.5 mm, and parametric scanning analysis was performed. Analysis of the parametric scanning results showed that when the length of the first sub-radiating patch 121 was 2.1 mm, the resonant frequency was approximately 43.7 GHz; when the length was 2.3 mm, the resonant frequency was approximately 47.8 GHz; when the length was 2.47 mm, the resonant frequency was approximately 49.7 GHz; and when the length was 2.5 mm, the resonant frequency was approximately 55.1 GHz.

[0032] Furthermore, a return loss analysis of the microstrip patch antenna 100 in the 43.7GHz-55.1GHz frequency band shows that the return loss of the microstrip patch antenna 100 in the 43.7GHz-55.1GHz frequency band is less than -10dB. According to the calculation formula of relative bandwidth, the relative bandwidth B is calculated to be 23%. Therefore, the first sub-radiating patch 121 of this utility model can realize a broadband antenna.

[0033] Furthermore, the gap between the first sub-radiating patches 121 reduces the impact on the radiation direction of the microstrip patch antenna 100, achieving a gain of 7.6 dB in the maximum gain direction in the 43.7 GHz-55.1 GHz frequency band.

[0034] In this embodiment, the microstrip patch antenna 100 uses a microstrip line feeding method. Please refer to... Figure 1 The microstrip patch antenna 100 also includes a microstrip feed patch 130, which is disposed on the side of the radiating patch 120 opposite to the E-shaped opening. The microstrip feed patch 130 is connected to the second sub-radiating patch 122. The microstrip feed patch 130 and the radiating patch 120 are coplanarly integrated on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 110, achieving integrated manufacturing through photolithography to avoid three-dimensional assembly errors.

[0035] The microstrip-fed patch 130 serves as an excitation source, transmitting radio frequency signals and exciting surface currents on the second sub-radiating patch 122 at the connection point. The E-type radiating patch 120 design causes reflection and superposition of the current between the first and second sub-radiating patches 121 and 122, creating multipath interference and expanding the operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the microstrip-fed patch 130 also functions as an impedance converter.

[0036] In some embodiments, the second sub-radiating patch 122 is further provided with a feed point connected to the microstrip feed patch 130. The feed point serves as the electrical connection point between the microstrip feed patch 130 and the second sub-radiating patch 122. Radio frequency signals are transmitted to the feed point through the microstrip feed patch 130 to excite the surface current of the second sub-radiating patch 122.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 2 An input port 150 is provided at one end of the dielectric substrate 110 near the microstrip feed patch 130, and the input port 150 is connected to the microstrip feed patch 130. The input port 150 is a metallized interface at the edge of the dielectric substrate 110, which uses the dielectric constant of the substrate material to suppress the coupling between the port and the radiation field. By setting the input port 150, it can be directly connected to the output pin of external chips, which is plug-and-play; in addition, it supports direct testing with a vector network analyzer, and with the help of embedded probes, the antenna VSWR can be measured on the chip without disassembling the whole device, which is suitable for automated testing in mass production.

[0038] In this embodiment, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 110 can be 3.55. The dielectric constant is a key physical parameter of the dielectric substrate 110, characterizing its ability to store electrical energy in an electric field. A higher dielectric constant results in a stronger confinement of the electromagnetic field within the dielectric substrate 110, concentrating energy more near the interface between the dielectric substrate 110 and the radiating patch 120, thus reducing spatial radiation loss. When the dielectric constant ε... r When λ = 3.55, the effective wavelength λ within the dielectric substrate 110 is... e=0.53λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength. This allows the antenna's physical size to be reduced to approximately 53% of the free-space wavelength, facilitating miniaturization. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of 3.55 matches the broadband performance of the microstrip patch antenna 100 of this invention, balancing resonant frequency stability and impedance bandwidth.

[0039] The thickness of the dielectric substrate 110 directly affects the performance of the microstrip patch antenna 100. The thickness of the dielectric substrate 110 is proportional to the bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna 100. At the same time, the thicker the substrate, the higher the radiation efficiency will be. However, if the thickness of the dielectric substrate 110 is too high, the electrical size of the microstrip patch antenna 100 will increase, which will cause surface wave effect and is not conducive to the radiation of the antenna.

[0040] Therefore, the dielectric substrate 110 of this invention has a length of 13.88 mm, a width of 4.01 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 mm. When the operating frequency of the microstrip patch antenna 100 is 49.7 GHz, the electrical dimension of the thickness is approximately 0.47 mm, which can suppress higher-order modes and is beneficial for miniaturization design.

[0041] The above are only some or preferred embodiments of this utility model. Neither the text nor the drawings should limit the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of this utility model specification and drawings under the overall concept of this utility model, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A microstrip patch antenna, characterized by include: Dielectric substrate; A radiating patch is disposed on the dielectric substrate. The radiating patch is E-shaped, wherein the parallel side of the E-shape is defined as a first sub-radiating patch, and the vertical side of the E-shape is defined as a second sub-radiating patch. The length of the first sub-radiating patch is greater than or equal to 2.1 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm.

2. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The microstrip patch antenna also includes a microstrip feed patch, which is disposed on the side of the radiating patch opposite to the E-shaped opening, and the microstrip feed patch is connected to the second sub-radiating patch.

3. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second sub-radiating patch is also provided with a feed point connected to the microstrip feed patch.

4. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate has an input port at one end near the microstrip feed patch, and the input port is connected to the microstrip feed patch.

5. The microstrip patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The material of the radiation patch is one of copper, aluminum or silver.

6. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate is a glass substrate.

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