Water turbine runner and water turbine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a water turbine runner and a water turbine. The rotating wheel is of a double-layer reverse impeller structure, an upper impeller and a lower impeller are in a quarter spherical shell shape, the concave directions of arc-shaped impact faces are opposite, and double-working-condition control is achieved by switching the jet flow direction of a nozzle through a deflector. During load shedding, the deflector guides jet flow to the upper impeller which is sunken in the reverse direction, and reverse torque is generated to achieve rapid braking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water turbine technology, and in particular to a water turbine runner and a water turbine. Background Technology

[0002] The turbine runner is the core component that converts water energy into mechanical energy, and its performance directly affects the turbine's efficiency, stability, and service life. The runner consists of components such as the upper crown, lower ring, and blades. Its function is to drive rotation through the impact or reaction force of water flow, thus completing the energy conversion.

[0003] Runner types include: 1. Mixed-flow runner: Water enters radially and exits axially, suitable for heads of 20-700 meters, with high efficiency and simple structure. 2. Axial-flow runner: Includes fixed-blade (fixed blades) and rotating-blade (adjustable blades). The former has a simple structure but a narrow high-efficiency range, while the latter adapts to load changes through dual adjustment. 3. Diagonal-flow runner: Blades can rotate around the axis, with better cavitation resistance than axial-flow runners, suitable for heads of 40-120 meters. 4. Impingement runner: Utilizes high-speed jets to impact blades (such as bucket runners), suitable for high-head (100-2000 meters) scenarios.

[0004] Because the electricity load of end users decreases (e.g., due to large-scale equipment failure or large-area line outages), the power generation of the turbine exceeds the amount supplied to users. In this case, the power plant is required to reduce the power generation to a value appropriate for the actual load. Alternatively, due to internal reasons within the power plant, the circuit breaker at the power grid outlet may suddenly trip, causing the turbine load to drop to almost zero, necessitating load shedding from the turbine. In existing technology, during load shedding, the governor controls the deflector located at the nozzle outlet to divert the jet sprayed towards the water bucket, preventing the jet from impacting the turbine runner, and causing the turbine runner to gradually stop. Because the rotational resistance of the turbine runner is usually set very low, the turbine runner takes a long time to come to a stop when it is at a high speed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a turbine runner and a turbine that can increase the speed at which the turbine sheds load.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This application provides a water turbine runner, which includes: a rotating disk; an output shaft, which is fixedly connected to the rotating disk and driven to rotate by the rotating disk, with the axial direction of the output shaft along the vertical direction; and a plurality of impellers, which are arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk and fixedly connected to the rotating disk. Each impeller includes a concave arc-shaped impact surface, and water flow impacts the arc-shaped impact surface to cause the impeller to drive the rotating disk to rotate. The plurality of impellers includes a plurality of upper impellers and lower impellers arranged in pairs, both of which are quarter-spherical shells. The concave direction of the arc-shaped impact surface of the upper impeller is opposite to that of the arc-shaped impact surface of the lower impeller.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the turbine runner also includes: several lower guide strips, which are arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk and fixedly connected to the rotating disk. Each lower impeller is fixedly connected to a corresponding lower guide strip. The lower guide strip is arc-shaped, and its width gradually narrows along the radial direction of the rotating disk away from the rotating disk. The lower guide strip is in contact with the middle of the outer surface of the lower impeller.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the lower end of the upper impeller is integrally provided with a connecting plate, which extends horizontally and is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower impeller and in contact with the inner surface of the lower impeller.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the lower impeller has an arc-shaped flow guide notch at the end away from the rotating disk.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the turbine runner also includes: several upper guide bars, which are arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk and fixedly connected to the rotating disk. The upper guide bars are arc-shaped, and the width of the upper guide bars gradually narrows along the radial direction of the rotating disk away from the rotating disk. Each upper guide bar is located above a lower guide bar.

[0012] This application also provides a water turbine, which includes: the aforementioned water turbine runner; a plurality of nozzles, which are circumferentially arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating disk and spray water flow toward the arc-shaped impact surface; and a plurality of deflectors, each deflector corresponding to the outlet of a nozzle, the deflectors being used to change the direction of the water flow sprayed by the nozzle, so that the nozzle has a first state of spraying water flow toward the arc-shaped impact surface of the downward impeller, and a second state of spraying water flow toward the arc-shaped impact surface of the upward impeller.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0014] In the turbine of this application, when the nozzle is in the first state of spraying water flow onto the arc-shaped impact surface of the downward impeller, the turbine runner converts water energy into mechanical energy and outputs it through the output shaft. When the turbine unit sheds load, the deflector located at the nozzle outlet actuates to divert the jet sprayed towards the water bucket, so that the nozzle is in the second state of spraying water flow onto the arc-shaped impact surface of the upward impeller. The turbine runner is subjected to water flow resistance in the opposite direction of rotation, thereby causing the turbine runner to stop quickly, thus increasing the speed at which the turbine sheds load. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the turbine runner in this application;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the turbine structure of the present application;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the turbine in this application from a bottom-up perspective;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the turbine with the casing omitted in this application;

[0019] Among them: 1. Turbine runner; 11. Rotating disc; 12. Output shaft; 13. Impeller; 131. Arc-shaped impact surface; 132. Upper impeller; 1321. Connecting plate; 133. Lower impeller; 1331. Arc-shaped guide notch; 14. Lower guide bar; 15. Upper guide bar; 2. Turbine; 21. Nozzle; 22. Deflector; 23. Casing; 231. Outlet; 24. Water bucket. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a water turbine runner 1, which includes: a rotating disk 11, an output shaft 12, and a plurality of impellers 13.

[0022] The rotating disk 11 serves as a support for mounting a plurality of impellers 13 and for mounting an output shaft 12 to output kinetic energy. The output shaft 12 is fixedly connected to the rotating disk 11 and is driven to rotate by the rotating disk 11, with the axial direction of the output shaft 12 being vertical. A plurality of impellers 13 are arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk 11 and are fixedly connected to the rotating disk 11. The impeller 13 includes a concave arc-shaped impact surface 131, and the water flow impacts the arc-shaped impact surface 131, causing the impeller 13 to drive the rotating disk 11 to rotate.

[0023] The impellers 13 include a plurality of upper impellers 132 and lower impellers 133 arranged in pairs, both of which are quarter-spherical shells. The concave direction of the arc-shaped impact surface 131 of the upper impeller 132 is opposite to that of the arc-shaped impact surface 131 of the lower impeller 133.

[0024] When water is sprayed onto the arc-shaped impact surface 131 of the lower impeller 133, the turbine runner 1 converts water energy into mechanical energy, which is output through the output shaft 12. When the turbine 2 sheds load, by changing the direction of water spray, the water is sprayed onto the arc-shaped impact surface 131 of the upper impeller 132. The turbine runner 1 is subjected to water flow resistance in the opposite direction of rotation, which causes the turbine runner 1 to stop quickly, thereby increasing the speed at which the turbine 2 sheds load.

[0025] Furthermore, the turbine runner 1 also includes several lower guide strips 14, which are used to quickly drain water between the two lower impellers 133 through the gap between them, thereby reducing the resistance during runner rotation. The lower guide strips 14 are arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk 11 and are fixedly connected to the rotating disk 11. The lower guide strips 14 are also used for mounting the lower impellers 133: each lower impeller 133 is fixedly connected to a corresponding lower guide strip 14. The lower guide strips 14 are arc-shaped, and their width gradually narrows radially away from the rotating disk 11. The lower guide strips 14 are in contact with the center of the outer surface of the lower impellers 133.

[0026] Furthermore, the turbine runner 1 also includes several upper guide strips 15. The function of the upper guide strips 15 is to reduce turbulence between the upper impellers 132 when the water jet inside the turbine 2 is very rapid or large, causing the water inside the turbine 2 to submerge the lower impeller 133. The upper guide strips 15 are arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk 11 and are fixedly connected to the rotating disk 11. The upper guide strips 15 are arc-shaped, and their width gradually narrows along the radial direction of the rotating disk 11 away from the rotating disk 11. Each upper guide strip 15 is located above a lower guide strip 14.

[0027] Furthermore, a connecting plate 1321 is integrally provided at the lower end of the upper impeller 132. The connecting plate 1321 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower impeller 133 and is in contact with the inner surface of the lower impeller 133. The connection plate 1321 facilitates the manufacturing and installation of the turbine runner 1. The connecting plate 1321 extends horizontally so that its arrangement does not increase the water flow resistance experienced by the turbine runner 1 during rotation.

[0028] Furthermore, the lower impeller 133 is provided with an arc-shaped flow guide notch 1331 at the end away from the rotating disk 11, so that the water in the lower impeller 133 can be quickly discharged from the lower impeller 133 as the turbine runner 1 rotates, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the turbine 2.

[0029] like Figures 2-4 As shown, this application also provides a water turbine 2, which includes: the water turbine runner 1 described above, a plurality of nozzles 21 and a plurality of deflectors 22.

[0030] The water turbine 2 also includes a housing 23 and a water tank 24. The housing 23 is hexagonal prism-shaped, and each side of the housing 23 is connected to the water tank 24 via an inlet pipe. An outlet 231 is provided at the bottom of the housing 23. Several nozzles 21 and the water turbine runner 1 are disposed inside the housing 23. The nozzles 21 are arranged circumferentially around the outer periphery of the rotating disk 11 and spray water towards the arc-shaped impact surface 131. Water enters from the top of the water tank 24. When the water reaches the inlet pipe at the bottom of the water tank 24, the gravitational potential energy of the water is converted into the kinetic energy of the water, which is then sprayed onto the water turbine runner 1 through the nozzles 21.

[0031] Each deflector 22 corresponds to the outlet of a nozzle 21. The deflector 22 is used to change the direction of the water jet from the nozzle 21, so that the nozzle 21 has a first state of jetting water jetting towards the arc-shaped impact surface 131 of the downward impeller 133, and a second state of jetting water jetting towards the arc-shaped impact surface 131 of the upward impeller 132. The structure of the deflector 22 and the connection structure between the deflector 22 and the nozzle 21 are prior art, and can be referred to in detail in Chinese Patent Document CN206129490U, "Deflector 22 and Water Turbine 2 Equipped with the Deflector 22", which will not be repeated in this application.

[0032] In the water turbine 2 of this application, when the nozzle 21 is in the first state of spraying water flow onto the arc-shaped impact surface 131 of the downward impeller 133, the water turbine runner 1 converts water energy into mechanical energy and outputs it through the output shaft 12; when the water turbine 2 is shed load, the deflector 22 located at the outlet of the nozzle 21 is activated to divert the jet sprayed toward the water bucket 24, so that the nozzle 21 is in the second state of spraying water flow onto the arc-shaped impact surface 131 of the upward impeller 132. The water turbine runner 1 is subjected to water flow resistance in the opposite direction of rotation, thereby causing the water turbine runner 1 to stop quickly, thereby increasing the speed at which the water turbine 2 sheds load.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, "a" or "one," and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. "A plurality" or "several" indicates at least two. Unless otherwise stated, terms such as "front," "back," "left," "right," "lower," and / or "upper" are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited to a location or spatial orientation. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" indicate that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0034] The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application specification and appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0035] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A water turbine runner, comprising: Rotating disk; An output shaft is fixedly connected to the rotating disk and is driven to rotate by the rotating disk. The axial direction of the output shaft is along the vertical direction. And a plurality of impellers, the plurality of impellers being arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk and fixedly connected to the rotating disk, the impellers including concave arc-shaped impact surfaces, the water flow impacting the arc-shaped impact surfaces so that the impellers drive the rotating disk to rotate; The impellers are characterized in that they include a plurality of upper impellers and lower impellers arranged in pairs, both of which are quarter-spherical shells, and the concave direction of the arc-shaped impact surface of the upper impeller is opposite to that of the arc-shaped impact surface of the lower impeller.

2. The turbine runner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turbine runner also includes: A plurality of lower guide strips are arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk and fixedly connected to the rotating disk. Each lower impeller is fixedly connected to a corresponding lower guide strip. The lower guide strip is arc-shaped and its width gradually narrows along the radial direction of the rotating disk away from the rotating disk. The lower guide strip is in contact with the middle part of the outer surface of the lower impeller.

3. The hydraulic turbine runner according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower end of the upper impeller is integrally provided with a connecting plate, which extends horizontally and is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower impeller and in contact with the inner surface of the lower impeller.

4. The hydraulic turbine runner according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower impeller has an arc-shaped flow guide notch at the end away from the rotating disk.

5. The hydraulic turbine runner according to claim 2, characterized in that The turbine runner also includes: Several upper guide strips are arranged circumferentially along the outer circumference of the rotating disk and fixedly connected to the rotating disk. The upper guide strips are arc-shaped and their width gradually narrows along the radial direction of the rotating disk away from the rotating disk. Each upper guide strip is located above a lower guide strip.

6. A hydraulic turbine characterized by The water turbine includes: The turbine runner according to any one of claims 1-5; A plurality of nozzles are arranged circumferentially around the outer periphery of the rotating disk and spray water toward the arc-shaped impact surface; And a number of deflectors, each of which is provided with an outlet of a nozzle. The deflectors are used to change the direction of the water jet from the nozzle, so that the nozzle has a first state of jetting water jet towards the arc-shaped impact surface of the lower impeller, and a second state of jetting water jet towards the arc-shaped impact surface of the upper impeller.

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