Jaw crusher

Abstract

The utility model provides a jaw crusher. The jaw crusher comprises a rack, an eccentric wheel is rotationally installed on the rack, a belt wheel and a flywheel are fixedly installed at the two ends of the eccentric wheel respectively, the outer side of the eccentric wheel is rotationally sleeved with a movable jaw plate, one end of a lining plate is installed on one side of the movable jaw plate, and an adjusting mechanism is arranged at the other end of the lining plate; an adjusting pull rod is arranged on the side, close to the lining plate, of the movable jaw plate, the adjusting pull rod is sleeved with a compression spring, the two ends of the compression spring are fixedly installed on the adjusting pull rod and the machine frame respectively, and a crushing plate is arranged on one side of the movable jaw plate. The jaw crusher provided by the utility model has the advantages of convenience in use, higher stability and capability of adjusting the particle size of crushed materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of crusher technology, and in particular to a jaw crusher. Background Technology

[0002] Jaw crushers break large pieces of material entering from the feed inlet into smaller pieces through shearing, compression, bending, and stretching, with most crushing occurring as single particles. Large jaw crushers are widely used in metallurgy, mining, and building materials, significantly contributing to the development of my country's basic industries and economy. The appropriate type of jaw crusher is selected based on the physical properties of the material being crushed, the terrain, the process flow, and the company's production scale. Besides jaw crushers, other types include cone crushers, roller crushers, and impact crushers. Jaw crushers are characterized by their high efficiency in coarse crushing. They are often used as the first step in crushing large minerals, first coarsely crushing them and then screening them to facilitate subsequent fine crushing processes, thus providing a large amount of raw material for the latter. Crushing is essentially a continuous process of breaking down materials into smaller pieces.

[0003] However, existing jaw crushers have the following shortcomings:

[0004] Inconvenient adjustment of crushing particle size: Traditional jaw crushers usually change the discharge opening size by replacing the liner or manually adjusting the wedge, which is cumbersome and has low precision.

[0005] Poor operational stability: The moving jaw plate is prone to vibration or displacement during high-speed reciprocating motion, which affects crushing efficiency and equipment life.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a jaw crusher to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to provide a jaw crusher that is easy to use, has high stability, and can adjust the particle size of the crushed material.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a jaw crusher comprising: a frame, an eccentric wheel rotatably mounted on the frame, a pulley and a flywheel respectively fixedly mounted at both ends of the eccentric wheel, a movable jaw plate rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the eccentric wheel, a liner end mounted on one side of the movable jaw plate, an adjustment mechanism provided at the other end of the liner, an adjusting rod provided on the side of the movable jaw plate near the liner, a compression spring sleeved on the adjusting rod, both ends of the compression spring respectively fixedly mounted on the adjusting rod and the frame, and a crushing plate provided on one side of the movable jaw plate.

[0009] Preferably, two side guard plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on the frame, and the moving jaw plate and the crushing plate are both located between the two side guard plates.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes a liner adjustment seat fixedly installed on the frame, a liner adjustment screw is provided on the liner adjustment seat, a liner connecting seat is installed at one end of the liner adjustment screw, the liner connecting seat is slidably connected to the frame, and the other end of the liner is installed on the liner connecting seat.

[0011] Preferably, a liner sleeve is fixedly installed on the side of the liner connecting seat and the moving jaw plate that are close to each other, and the two ends of the liner are respectively installed on the two liner sleeves.

[0012] Preferably, a counterweight is fixedly installed on the flywheel by screws.

[0013] Preferably, a support plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame, and a silent shell is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate. The silent shell is sleeved on the outside of the frame, eccentric wheel, flywheel, moving jaw plate, and crushing plate. A feed inlet is provided on one side of the silent shell, which is adapted to the moving jaw plate and the crushing plate. A sound insulation plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the silent shell. A flexible baffle is provided inside the feed inlet. The top end of the flexible baffle is fixedly installed on the sound insulation plate, and the bottom end of the flexible baffle is in contact with the sound insulation plate. A plurality of damping seats are fixedly installed on the top of the support plate. A shock-absorbing spring is sleeved on the outside of the damping seat, and the two ends of the shock-absorbing spring are fixedly connected to the damping seat and the support plate, respectively.

[0014] Compared with related technologies, the jaw crusher provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] This utility model provides a jaw crusher, which, through the arrangement of a liner, a liner adjusting seat, a liner adjusting screw, and a liner connecting seat, can adjust the distance between the moving jaw plate and the bottom outlet of the crushing plate, thereby adjusting the fineness of the material being crushed; by adjusting the arrangement of the pull rod and the compression spring, the stability of the moving jaw plate during movement can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the jaw crusher provided by this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side sectional view shown;

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the structure.

[0019] Figure 4for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the eccentric wheel.

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows a top view of the structure.

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A front view structural diagram of the liner plate;

[0022] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the side sectional view shown;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the jaw crusher provided by this utility model.

[0024] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Frame, 2. Pulley, 3. Flywheel, 4. Eccentric wheel, 5. Counterweight, 6. Moving jaw plate, 7. Crushing plate, 8. Liner, 9. Liner sleeve, 10. Liner adjusting seat, 11. Liner adjusting screw, 12. Side guard plate, 13. Adjusting rod, 14. Compression spring, 15. Liner connecting seat. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] First embodiment:

[0027] Please refer to the following: Figure 1-7 In this embodiment, the jaw crusher includes: a frame 1, an eccentric wheel 4 rotatably mounted on the frame 1, a pulley 2 and a flywheel 3 fixedly mounted at both ends of the eccentric wheel 4, a movable jaw plate 6 rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the eccentric wheel 4, a liner 8 mounted on one side of the movable jaw plate 6, an adjustment mechanism at the other end of the liner 8, an adjusting rod 13 on the side of the movable jaw plate 6 near the liner 8, a compression spring 14 sleeved on the adjusting rod 13, the two ends of the compression spring 14 fixedly mounted on the adjusting rod 13 and the frame 1, and a crushing plate 7 on one side of the movable jaw plate 6.

[0028] Two side guard plates 12 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the frame 1, and the moving jaw plate 6 and the crushing plate 7 are both located between the two side guard plates 12.

[0029] The adjustment mechanism includes a liner adjustment seat 10 fixedly installed on the frame 1. The liner adjustment seat 10 is provided with a liner adjustment screw 11. One end of the liner adjustment screw 11 is installed with a liner connecting seat 15. The liner connecting seat 15 is slidably connected to the frame 1. The other end of the liner 8 is installed on the liner connecting seat 15. By rotating the liner adjustment screw 11 on the liner adjustment seat 10, the position of the liner connecting seat 15 on the frame 1 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the position of the liner 8. This allows for adjustment of the distance between the moving jaw plate 6 and the outlet of the crushing plate 7, thus adjusting the material coarseness.

[0030] The liner connecting seat 15 and the moving jaw plate 6 are both fixedly installed on the side close to each other, and the two ends of the liner 8 are respectively installed on the two liner sleeves 9.

[0031] A counterweight 5 is fixedly installed on the flywheel 3 by screws.

[0032] By using the counterweight 5 on the flywheel 3, different weights of counterweight 5 can be installed according to the material to be crushed, thereby improving the efficiency of crushing the material.

[0033] The operating parameters are determined in this embodiment:

[0034] Eccentric shaft speed:

[0035] According to the working principle of a jaw crusher, the unloading time accounts for half of one cycle of the eccentric shaft's rotation. For the jaw crusher to operate effectively, the discharge port must meet the particle size requirements during the unloading time to ensure complete discharge of material from the crushing chamber. If unloading is insufficient due to factors such as unloading time or discharge port width, material may remain in the crushing chamber at the discharge port and be crushed again in the next cycle, leading to over-crushing and a particle size below the standard initial specification. This undoubtedly increases crushing force, raises power consumption per unit area, reduces efficiency, and consequently lowers production capacity. If the unloading time is too long, the moving jaw may not return in time to crush the material in the crushing chamber after unloading, naturally reducing production capacity. The rotational speed of the jaw crusher's eccentric shaft is determined based on these effective working conditions.

[0036] Based on the length of the moving jaw and its swing range, its bite angle is approximately constant during its movement, so it can be assumed that the moving jaw only moves in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, it is assumed that the material falls freely due to gravity during unloading, and the frictional force of the jaw plate preventing the material from falling is ignored.

[0037] Let n be the rotational speed of the eccentric shaft, and t1 be the unloading time of one cycle.

[0038]

[0039] t2 is the time it takes for the material to undergo free fall from the inlet to the outlet.

[0040]

[0041] The order should be given:

[0042] t2 = t1;

[0043] Therefore:

[0044]

[0045] Further simplified calculations yield the following:

[0046]

[0047] In reality, due to the influence of friction and vibration from the liner on the material, the eccentric shaft speed should be 5% to 10% lower than the calculated value in the above formula, that is:

[0048]

[0049] Actual observations show that when the moving jaw just leaves the fixed jaw, the material is still compressed and unloading has not yet begun. Actual measurements prove that only about 1 / 4 of the time during one rotation of the eccentric shaft is spent unloading. Therefore, the actual unloading time is:

[0050]

[0051] According to valid working conditions, the following should be met:

[0052]

[0053] The height of the material pile that can be discharged from the crushing chamber:

[0054]

[0055] From the above two equations, we can obtain:

[0056]

[0057] When the production capacity of the jaw crusher far exceeds the actual needs, the rotational speed of the eccentric shaft can be lower than the calculated value, which can reduce the power required.

[0058] In actual production, the following empirical formula can be used to determine the rotational speed of the eccentric shaft of the jaw crusher.

[0059] For jaw crushers with a feed inlet width b ≤ 1200mm

[0060] n = 310 - 145b (r / min) where b is the width of the feed inlet.

[0061] Since the maximum design target inlet width is 600mm, substituting into formula (1-13) yields...

[0062] n=310-145*600 / 1000=223(r / min).

[0063] (2) Moving jaw stroke S and eccentricity r:

[0064] Generally, for a simple pendulum jaw crusher, s≈r, and for a compound pendulum jaw crusher, S=(2-2.2)r. A discharge opening size of 100mm can be selected, and the swing stroke of the lower part of the moving jaw should not exceed 0.3 to 0.4 times the width of the discharge opening, S=(0.3~0.4)100=30~40mm;

[0065] That is, according to the empirical formula, for small and medium-sized crushers: S = 12~15mm, for large crushers: S = 25~45mm, take S = 25mm;

[0066] Take r = 12 mm;

[0067] Inlet and outlet:

[0068] Regarding the design of the feed inlet dimensions of a crusher, there is a specific proportional relationship between its length (L) and width (B). Generally speaking, the feed inlet length of a large crusher is 1.25 to 1.6 times its width, i.e., L = (1.25 to 1.6)B. For small and medium-sized crushers, this ratio is usually set to 1.5 to 1.6 times, i.e., L = (1.5 to 1.6)B.

[0069] However, for smaller jaw crushers, in order to optimize their productivity and crushing ratio, the length-to-width ratio (L / B) can be chosen to be larger. This ratio is usually between 2.5 and 5, i.e., L / B = 2.5 to 5.

[0070] Furthermore, the width (B) of the feed inlet is closely related to the maximum permissible feed size (Dmax). Generally, the width B is 1.1 to 1.25 times Dmax, i.e., B = (1.1 to 1.25)Dmax. In this design, the maximum permissible feed size Dmax is set to 480mm.

[0071] In summary, the size design of the crusher's feed inlet needs to be determined based on the specific model and performance requirements to ensure the efficient and safe operation of the equipment.

[0072] The inlet width B = (1.1~1.25)Dmax, and in this design, B = 600mm is chosen.

[0073] The inlet length L = (1.5~1.6)B, and in this design, L = 900mm is used.

[0074] (3) Angle of nip: The angle of nip plays a key role in material crushing. It is related to whether the material can reach the crushing specifications, prevent incomplete crushing of the material, and avoid problems such as over-crushing.

[0075] F1 and F2 are the crushing forces exerted by the jaw plates on the material, with their directions perpendicular to the moving jaw and the fixed jaw, respectively. f is the coefficient of friction between the jaw plates and the material, and α is the nip angle. Since the gravity acting on the material is too small compared to the crushing force, it can be ignored.

[0076] To prevent material from being pushed out of the crushing chamber, the following relationship must be satisfied:

[0077] fF2+fF1cosα≥F1sinα

[0078] Equilibrium condition: F2 - F1cosα - fF1sinα = 0

[0079]

[0080] Let f = tanφ (φ is the friction angle), and substituting it into the above equation, we get:

[0081]

[0082] After simplification, we get:

[0083] tanα≤tan(2φ)

[0084] Or α≤2φ(1-10)

[0085] The coefficient of friction between the material and the jaw plate is generally f = 0.2 to 0.3, so the maximum nip angle is α. ax =22°~33° In reality, the meshing angle of a jaw crusher is usually 18°~20°. Let the meshing angle be 20° in this case.

[0086] Production capacity

[0087] The volume of material obtained from crushing by the eccentric shaft in one cycle is:

[0088]

[0089] Where b d —Discharge port width, m;

[0090] s—Horizontal swing amplitude of the moving jaw, m;

[0091] b L — Jaw plate width, m;

[0092] n—eccentric shaft rotational speed, r / min;

[0093] α—Angle of bite, (°);

[0094] μ – the bulk density coefficient of the material.

[0095] For a compound pendulum jaw crusher, the time it takes for the material to travel from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet in one cycle is not long. This is because the vertical displacement of the jaw plate is large, which can promote the discharge of the material. Therefore, the production capacity is high, generally 20% to 25% larger than the result calculated by the above formula.

[0096] The discharge port width is between 75-200mm, take b. d =100mm, take b L =900mm

[0097] Take μ = 0.25, where S = 25 mm, ρ s =1.6, n=223r / min, α=20°

[0098] Based on the above calculations, Q = 30(2b) d +s)sb L nμρ s / tanα

[0099] Q=30(2×0.1+0.025)0.025×0.9×223×0.25×1.6 / tan20°=6.05T / h

[0100] (5) Required power:

[0101] The power required by a jaw crusher is equal to the sum of the power required to crush the material and the power required to overcome the mechanical friction of the machine itself. Among them, the power required to crush the material accounts for about 80%, which is the main proportion.

[0102] The power required for the jaw crusher can be calculated based on the volume hypothesis.

[0103] The jaw crusher bears the greatest load when the crushing chamber is full of material. Assuming the volume of material being crushed in the crushing chamber for one rotation of the eccentric shaft is V, according to the volume hypothesis, the energy consumed is:

[0104]

[0105] Volume of the crushing chamber:

[0106]

[0107] Because the material is not densely packed in the crushing chamber, and some of the material is smaller than the discharge port and can be discharged without further crushing, it should not be included in the power calculation. Therefore, the actual volume of material being crushed is not considered.

[0108] V=μKV0

[0109] In the formula, μ is the bulk density coefficient of the material;

[0110] K – Particle size coefficient of the material.

[0111] The values ​​of μ and K are related to the particle size distribution of the material. When there are more small pieces in the material, the packing is more compact, μ is larger and K is smaller; conversely, when there are more large pieces, the packing is more loose, μ is smaller and K is larger. In short, regardless of the situation, the product of μ and K is basically a constant, generally taken as μ. k ≈0.2, that is: V≈0.2V0 (c)

[0112] Combining equations (a), (b), and (c), and simplifying, we get:

[0113]

[0114] Power required for crushing materials:

[0115]

[0116] Considering the power required to overcome the mechanical friction of the machine itself, the final power required for the jaw crusher is obtained.

[0117] In the formula: σ b —The ultimate strength of the material, Pa;

[0118] E – Elastic modulus of the material, Pa;

[0119] b — width of the feed inlet, in meters;

[0120] b d ———Discharge port width, m;

[0121] b L — Jaw plate width, m;

[0122] n—eccentric shaft rotational speed, r / min;

[0123] α—Angle of bite, (°);

[0124] η—Mechanical efficiency, which can be taken as η = 0.7 to 0.8.

[0125] Because the above formula does not fully account for the physical and mechanical properties of the material and does not take into account the specific structure and characteristics of the crusher, it is not very accurate and can only be used as a preliminary estimate.

[0126] The power of the electric motor used in a jaw crusher can be calculated using the following empirical formula:

[0127] For large jaw crushers (b>600mm)

[0128]

[0129] Compared with related technologies, the jaw crusher provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0130] This utility model provides a jaw crusher. By setting up the liner plate 8, the liner plate adjusting seat 10, the liner plate adjusting screw 11 and the liner plate connecting seat 15, the distance between the moving jaw plate 6 and the bottom outlet of the crushing plate 7 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the fineness of the material being crushed. By adjusting the setting of the pull rod 13 and the compression spring 14, the stability of the moving jaw plate 6 during movement can be improved.

[0131] Second embodiment:

[0132] Based on the jaw crusher provided in the first embodiment of this application, the second embodiment of this application proposes another jaw crusher. The second embodiment is merely a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment, and the implementation of the second embodiment will not affect the separate implementation of the first embodiment.

[0133] The second embodiment of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0134] Please refer to the following: Figure 8 The jaw crusher also includes a support plate 16 fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame 1. A sound-absorbing shell 18 is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate 16 and sleeved on the outside of the frame 1, eccentric wheel 4, flywheel 5, moving jaw plate 6 and crushing plate 7. A feed inlet 19 is provided on one side of the sound-absorbing shell 18. The feed inlet 19 is adapted to the moving jaw plate and the crushing plate. A sound insulation plate 17 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the sound-absorbing shell 18. A flexible baffle 20 is provided inside the feed inlet 19. The top end of the flexible baffle 20 is fixedly installed on the sound insulation plate 17. The bottom end of the flexible baffle 20 is in contact with the sound insulation plate 17. A plurality of damping seats 21 are fixedly installed on the top of the support plate 16. A shock-absorbing spring 22 is sleeved on the outside of the damping seat 21. The two ends of the shock-absorbing spring 22 are fixedly connected to the damping seat 21 and the support plate 16, respectively.

[0135] In this embodiment, the damping seat 21 and the shock-absorbing spring 22 effectively reduce the vibration transmitted to the ground during equipment operation, thus achieving a good noise reduction effect and avoiding noise pollution. The sound insulation plate 17 and the soundproof shell 18 effectively reduce the noise generated by the moving jaw plate 6 and the crushing plate 7 when crushing materials, thus achieving a noise reduction effect. The feed inlet 19 and the flexible baffle 20 do not hinder the material from entering between the moving jaw plate 6 and the crushing plate 7 through the feed inlet 19, and automatically close the feed inlet 19 after the material enters between the moving jaw plate 6 and the crushing plate 7, thus effectively achieving a noise reduction effect.

[0136] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of this utility model, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A jaw crusher, characterized in that include: The frame has an eccentric wheel rotatably mounted on it. A pulley and a flywheel are fixedly mounted at both ends of the eccentric wheel, respectively. A movable jaw plate is rotatably fitted on the outer side of the eccentric wheel. One end of a liner is mounted on one side of the movable jaw plate. An adjustment mechanism is provided at the other end of the liner. An adjustment rod is provided on the side of the movable jaw plate near the liner. A compression spring is fitted on the adjustment rod. The two ends of the compression spring are fixedly mounted on the adjustment rod and the frame, respectively. A crushing plate is provided on one side of the movable jaw plate.

2. The jaw crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that Two side guard plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on the frame, and the moving jaw plate and the crushing plate are both located between the two side guard plates.

3. The jaw crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that The adjustment mechanism includes a liner adjustment seat fixedly installed on the frame. The liner adjustment seat is provided with a liner adjustment screw. One end of the liner adjustment screw is installed with a liner connecting seat. The liner connecting seat is slidably connected to the frame. The other end of the liner is installed on the liner connecting seat.

4. The jaw crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that The liner connecting seat and the moving jaw plate are both fixedly installed on the side close to each other, and the two ends of the liner are respectively installed on the two liner sleeves.

5. The jaw crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that A counterweight is fixedly installed on the flywheel by screws.

6. The jaw crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that A support plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame. A sound-absorbing shell is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate, which is sleeved on the outside of the frame, eccentric wheel, flywheel, moving jaw plate, and crushing plate. A feed inlet is provided on one side of the sound-absorbing shell, which is adapted to the moving jaw plate and the crushing plate. A sound insulation plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the sound-absorbing shell. A flexible baffle is provided inside the feed inlet. The top end of the flexible baffle is fixedly installed on the sound insulation plate, and the bottom end of the flexible baffle is in contact with the sound insulation plate. Multiple damping seats are fixedly installed on the top of the support plate. A shock-absorbing spring is sleeved on the outside of the damping seat. The two ends of the shock-absorbing spring are fixedly connected to the damping seat and the support plate, respectively.

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