Perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell of the utility model comprises a substrate; the center of the front surface of the substrate is recessed inwards to form a recessed part with depth, and the front surface is one surface facing the perovskite functional layer; the first electrode is arranged on one side of the substrate corresponding to the bottom of the inner concave part; the perovskite functional layer is arranged on one side, far away from the substrate, of the first electrode; the second electrode is arranged on one side, far away from the first electrode, of the perovskite functional layer; and the waterproof layer is arranged on one side, far away from the perovskite functional layer, of the second electrode. The structure of the waterproof layer and the substrate can effectively reduce the entry of external factors, and reduces the influence on the loss of battery elements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to a perovskite solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] Under the dual pressures of the global energy crisis and environmental protection demands, the search for efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly new energy technologies has become a crucial issue for the scientific community. While traditional silicon-based solar cells dominate the photovoltaic field, their high manufacturing costs and energy-intensive production processes limit their further widespread adoption. Against this backdrop, perovskite solar cells, with their advantages of low material cost, tunable band structure, high absorption coefficient, simple fabrication process, and long carrier diffusion length, have rapidly emerged as a rising star in the photovoltaic field and have attracted widespread attention.

[0003] Currently, perovskite solar cell modules suffer from low efficiency and stability, and their overall cost makes them difficult to compete with crystalline silicon modules. Improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite modules has become a hot research topic in the industry. The stability of perovskite cells is affected by various factors, such as moisture, temperature, and sunlight. However, in actual outdoor use, the mechanical properties of the modules, such as resistance to hail and snow, must also be considered. Therefore, enhancing the reliability and reducing the cost of perovskite modules from an encapsulation perspective has also become a research direction. Currently, perovskite modules are quite sensitive to moisture and oxygen. Although moisture concentrations are controlled very low in the laboratory, long-term storage still affects cell efficiency. Especially when the cells are not encapsulated for testing, the module temperature rises due to sunlight, accelerating the reaction between the cells and moisture and oxygen. Existing encapsulation technologies struggle to address this issue. Furthermore, module encapsulation costs are high, the butyl rubber used is expensive, and it can cause module delamination problems, preventing the cell's light-receiving area from being adjusted to its maximum, and resulting in suboptimal power output for modules of the same size and specifications.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a water- and oxygen-barrier perovskite solar cell. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, this invention provides a perovskite solar cell whose water-blocking layer and substrate structure can isolate impurities such as water and oxygen.

[0006] Therefore, this utility model provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0007] Base;

[0008] The front side of the substrate is recessed inward at the center to form a deep recess, and the front side is the side facing the perovskite functional layer.

[0009] The first electrode is disposed on one side of the substrate, corresponding to the bottom of the recessed portion;

[0010] A perovskite functional layer is disposed on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate;

[0011] The second electrode is disposed on the side of the perovskite functional layer away from the first electrode;

[0012] A water-blocking layer is disposed on the side of the second electrode away from the perovskite functional layer.

[0013] This invention relates to a perovskite solar cell that features an inwardly recessed groove in the center of the substrate, providing excellent protection for the perovskite cell. Combined with a water-blocking layer, it effectively reduces the entry of external factors such as oxygen and moisture into the perovskite solar cell, enhancing its acid and alkali resistance and reducing the impact on cell element wear. This design is suitable for the future commercial application of perovskite solar cells.

[0014] Common silicon nitride (SiN) x This includes Si3N4, a relatively stable form of silicon nitride, and SiN, a metastable form of silicon nitride, which is typically formed under high-energy conditions, such as plasma deposition or high-temperature reactions.

[0015] AlOx can represent aluminum oxides in different oxidation states (such as AlO or Al2O3). AlO is a metastable form of aluminum oxide, which is usually formed under high-energy conditions, such as plasma deposition or high-temperature reactions.

[0016] In some embodiments of this utility model, the material of the water-blocking layer includes SiO2 and silicon nitride (SiN). x ), aluminum oxide (AlO) x One or more of the following.

[0017] In some embodiments of this utility model, the thickness of the water-blocking layer is determined according to the material of the water-blocking layer and the requirements for water-blocking performance; further, the thickness of the water-blocking layer is 2-30 nm. (Reference) Figure 3 The thickness of the water-blocking layer is the same as the thickness of water-blocking layer 8, i.e., L. As an example, the thickness of the water-blocking layer can be 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm, 11nm, 12nm, 13nm, 14nm, 15nm, 16nm, 17nm, 18nm, 19nm, 20nm, 21nm, 2nm, 23nm, 24nm, 25nm, 26nm, 27nm, 28nm, 29nm, or 30nm.

[0018] The front side of the substrate of this perovskite solar cell faces the perovskite functional layer, and the back side of the substrate faces the front side of the substrate.

[0019] The inner wall of the perovskite solar cell of this invention faces the perovskite functional layer, and the outer wall is opposite to the inner wall.

[0020] In some embodiments of this utility model, the recessed portion includes four lateral inner wall surfaces.

[0021] In some embodiments of this utility model, the inclination angle between the inner wall surface and the bottom surface of the groove is 90°-135°. Further, the inclination angles between the four inner wall surfaces and the bottom surface of the groove are the same. Even further, the inclination angle between the inner wall surface and the bottom surface of the groove is 90°.

[0022] In some embodiments of this utility model, the ratio of the depth of the recess to the height of the outer wall of the substrate is 1:(2-4000). As an example, the ratio of the depth of the recess to the height of the outer wall of the substrate can be 1:2, 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:3000, or 1:4000.

[0023] In some embodiments of this utility model, the depth of the recessed portion is 0.001-1 mm. (Reference) Figure 1 The depth of the concave portion is the depth of the concave portion (h). As an example, the depth of the concave portion can be 0.001mm, 0.002mm, 0.003mm, 0.004mm, 0.005mm, 0.006mm, 0.007mm, 0.008mm, 0.009mm, 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, or 1mm.

[0024] In some embodiments of this utility model, the height of the outer wall of the substrate is 2-4 mm. Figure 1 This shows a front view of the substrate of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 1 The height of the outer wall of the substrate is the height of the outer wall (H) of the substrate. As an example, the height of the outer wall of the substrate can be 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, or 4mm.

[0025] In some embodiments of this utility model, a back plate is provided on the side of the substrate corresponding to the concave portion, and the back plate closes the opening of the concave portion.

[0026] In some embodiments of this invention, the backsheet comprises one or more of glass, transparent polymer materials, and transparent ceramics. The backsheet can enhance the mechanical properties and water and oxygen barrier properties of the encapsulated component.

[0027] In some embodiments of this utility model, the thickness of the back plate is 0.5-10 mm. (See reference) Figure 3 The thickness of the back panel is the same as that of back panel 10. As an example, the thickness of the back panel can be 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mm.

[0028] In some embodiments of this utility model, an encapsulating film is provided on the water-blocking layer, and the encapsulating film is bonded to the substrate and the backing plate.

[0029] In some embodiments of this utility model, the distance from the top wall of the opening of the concave portion to the water-blocking layer is less than the thickness of the encapsulating film, and the encapsulating film simultaneously bonds the back plate and the water-blocking layer.

[0030] In some embodiments of this invention, the adhesive film is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film. The adhesive film can enhance the mechanical properties of the encapsulated component, further protect the battery, and improve water and oxygen barrier performance.

[0031] Using the aforementioned materials to prepare the water-blocking layer, the battery encapsulation film can replace polyolefin elastomer (POE) and utilize cheaper, low-basis-weight ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) films, significantly reducing encapsulation costs. The water-blocking layer is prepared using equipment such as sputtering or physical vapor deposition (PVD), the same equipment used for perovskite coating, eliminating the need for new equipment and maintaining encapsulation efficiency. The insulating water-blocking layer reduces direct contact between the film and the battery, preventing battery module delamination after lamination.

[0032] In some embodiments of this invention, the thickness of the adhesive film is 0.1-1 mm. (See reference) Figure 3 The thickness of the adhesive film is the same as that of adhesive film 9. As an example, the thickness of the adhesive film can be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 mm.

[0033] In some embodiments of this utility model, the perovskite solar cell further includes a metal lead, one end of which is disposed on the polar end of the second electrode, and the other end extends toward the opening side of the recess and is led out to the outside of the substrate.

[0034] In some embodiments of this utility model, the metal lead is a busbar or a drain bar, and the material is Au, Ag, Al or Cu.

[0035] After fabricating the second electrode and connecting metal leads, a layer of water-blocking material is deposited using processes such as sputtering or PVD. After the water-blocking material is deposited, the metal leads connecting the second electrode are led out from the battery region, such as... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The image shows a top view of a perovskite solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In some embodiments of this utility model, the metal lead includes an attachment section and a lead-out section. The attachment section is attached to the second electrode, and the lead-out section is respectively attached to the inner sidewall of the concave portion and the top wall of the opening side of the substrate.

[0037] In some embodiments of this invention, the substrate has two opposing sidewalls along the length of the metal lead, namely sidewall one and sidewall two. Sidewall one is provided corresponding to the lead-out end of the metal lead, and the thickness of sidewall one is greater than the thickness of sidewall two. The thicker sidewall one can prevent water vapor from rapidly penetrating into the battery through physical barriers, prolonging the water vapor intrusion path, slowing down the contact rate between water vapor and the perovskite layer, thereby extending the battery's lifespan.

[0038] In some embodiments of this utility model, Figure 2 A top view of the substrate of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, with reference to... Figure 2 The shortest distance between the inner and outer walls of the base along its length is r, which is the thickness of side wall two, and r is 9-15mm; the shortest distance between the inner and outer walls of the base along its width is R, which is the thickness of side wall one, and R is 15-30mm.

[0039] In some embodiments of this utility model, the substrate is made of transparent glass.

[0040] In some embodiments of this utility model, the transparent glass is made of any one of soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, or borosilicate glass.

[0041] In some embodiments of this utility model, the perovskite functional layer includes a perovskite layer; the material of the perovskite layer includes the general formula ABX3 or A2CDX6, wherein A includes one or more inorganic or organic monovalent cations, B includes one or more inorganic divalent cations, C includes one or more inorganic monovalent cations, D includes one or more inorganic trivalent cations, and X includes one or more monovalent anions.

[0042] In some embodiments of this invention, the thickness of the perovskite layer is 200-1000 nm. Figure 3 This image shows a longitudinal sectional view of a perovskite solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. (Reference) Figure 3 The thickness of the perovskite layer is the same as that of perovskite layer 4.

[0043] In some embodiments of this invention, the perovskite functional layer further includes an electron transport layer and / or a hole transport layer.

[0044] In some embodiments of this invention, the hole transport layer is made of materials including poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), 2,2',7,7'-tetratetra[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirodifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly-3-hexylthiazole (P3HT), triphenylamine with a triphenylene core (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiazole-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N... One or more of the following: -(4-aniline)carbazole-spirobisfluorene (CzPAF-SBF), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiazole):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polythiazole, nickel oxide (NiOx), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (CuO), [2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz).

[0045] In some embodiments of this invention, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 1-500 nm. (Reference) Figure 3 The thickness of the hole transport layer is the same as that of hole transport layer 3.

[0046] In some embodiments of this invention, the material of the electron transport layer includes one or more of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, metal oxides, semiconductor material oxides, titanates, fluorides and their derivatives, and materials obtained by doping or passivation. Exemplarily, the imide compounds include one or more of phthalimide, succinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, glutarimide, or maleimide. Exemplarily, the quinone compounds include one or more of benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, phenanthrenequinone, or anthraquinone. Exemplarily, the fullerenes and their derivatives include fullerene C 60 Fullerene C 70 PCBM([6,6]-phenyl-C 61 methyl butyrate), [6,6]-phenyl C 71 Methyl butyrate (PC) 71One or more of the following: (BM). For example, the semiconductor material oxide includes one or more of SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, WO3, ITO, In2O3, Ga2O3, Nb2O5, and CeO2.

[0047] In some embodiments of this invention, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 1-100 nm. (See reference) Figure 3 The thickness of the electron transport layer 5.

[0048] In some embodiments of this utility model, the first electrode comprises a transparent conductive oxide. For example, the transparent conductive oxide includes one or more of the following: fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), or indium zinc oxide (IZO).

[0049] In some embodiments of this invention, the thickness of the first electrode is 10 nm to 1000 nm. (See reference) Figure 3 The thickness of the first electrode is the same as the thickness of the first electrode 2.

[0050] In some embodiments of this invention, the second electrode comprises one or more of a transparent conductive oxide, a metal and its alloys, or a carbon material. For example, the transparent conductive oxide is as defined above; the metal and its alloys include one or more of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W and their alloys; and the carbon material includes one or more of graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

[0051] In some embodiments of this invention, the thickness of the second electrode is 10 nm to 1000 nm. (See reference) Figure 3 The thickness of the second electrode is the same as the thickness of the second electrode 6.

[0052] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0053] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0054] Figure 1 The image shows a front view of the substrate of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 The image shows a top view of the substrate of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 This image shows a longitudinal sectional view of a perovskite solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 The image shows a top view of a perovskite solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. Attached image description:

[0059] 1. Substrate; 2. First electrode; 3. Electron transport layer; 4. Perovskite layer; 5. Hole transport layer; 6. Second electrode; 7. Metal lead; 8. Water barrier layer; 9. Adhesive film; 10. Backplate. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0061] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0062] The present disclosure will be explained below with reference to embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, the perovskite solar cell of this embodiment includes: a substrate 1, and within the substrate, a first electrode 2, an electron transport layer 3, a perovskite layer 4, a hole transport layer 5, a second electrode 6, a metal lead 7, and a water-blocking layer 8 are stacked sequentially from bottom to top; the perovskite solar cell also includes an encapsulant film 9 and a backplate 10 located outside the substrate.

[0065] In this embodiment of the perovskite solar cell, the substrate 1 is borosilicate glass, and the center of the front side of the substrate is recessed inward to form a recess of a certain depth, the depth of which is 1 mm. The height of the outer wall of the substrate is 4 mm, the thickness of the second sidewall is 15 mm, and the thickness of the first sidewall is 30 mm. The first electrode 2 is indium tin oxide (ITO) with a thickness of 50 nm, the electron transport layer 3 is SnO2 with a thickness of 10 nm, the perovskite layer 4 is methylammonium lead iodide with a thickness of 500 nm, the hole transport layer 5 is Spiro-OMeTAD with a thickness of 10 nm, the second electrode 6 is copper with a thickness of 100 nm, the metal lead 7 is copper, the water-blocking layer 8 is SiO2 with a thickness of 10 nm, the encapsulant film 9 is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film with a thickness of 1 mm, and the backplate 10 is borosilicate glass with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0066] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," "some implementations," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0067] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized by, include: Base; The front side of the substrate is recessed inward at the center to form a deep recess, and the front side is the side facing the perovskite functional layer. The first electrode is disposed on one side of the substrate, corresponding to the bottom of the recessed portion; A perovskite functional layer is disposed on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate; The second electrode is disposed on the side of the perovskite functional layer away from the first electrode; A water-blocking layer is disposed on the side of the second electrode away from the perovskite functional layer.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the water-blocking layer includes one or more of SiO2, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide. 3.The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein, A back plate is provided on the base corresponding to the concave portion on one side, and the back plate closes the opening of the concave portion.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, An encapsulating film is provided on the water-blocking layer, and the encapsulating film is bonded to the substrate and the back plate.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance from the top wall of the opening of the recess to the water-blocking layer is less than the thickness of the encapsulating film, and the encapsulating film simultaneously bonds the back plate and the water-blocking layer. 6.The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a metal lead, one end of which is disposed on the polar end of the second electrode, and the other end extends toward the opening side of the recess and is led out to the outside of the substrate.

7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The metal lead includes an attachment section and a lead-out section. The attachment section is attached to the second electrode, and the lead-out section is respectively attached to the inner sidewall of the recess and the top wall of the opening side of the substrate.

8. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The substrate has two opposing sidewalls along the length of the metal lead, namely sidewall one and sidewall two. Sidewall one is provided corresponding to the lead-out end of the metal lead, and the thickness of sidewall one is greater than the thickness of sidewall two.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It contains at least one of the following features: (1) The thickness of the water-blocking layer is 2-30 nm; (2) The ratio of the depth of the concave portion to the height of the outer wall of the base is 1:(2-4000); (3) The depth of the concave portion is 0.01-1 mm; (4) The height of the outer wall of the substrate is 2-4 mm.

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