Uniform light type photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking function

Abstract

The utility model relates to an inclined single shaft tracking dodging type photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse, which comprises a greenhouse main body, a plurality of pairs of supporting parts and photovoltaic units arranged on the supporting parts, the photovoltaic units comprise photovoltaic panels and dodging plates, driving units are arranged on the supporting parts, each driving unit comprises a rotating shaft and a driving part, and the rotating shafts are connected with the driving parts. The photovoltaic unit is arranged on the rotating shaft so that the photovoltaic unit can track the sun angle, and the length of the greenhouse body extends in the east-west direction. According to the utility model, the tracking system is cooperated with the uniform light photovoltaic technology, so that the deep integration of photovoltaic power generation and agricultural production is realized, the tracking system dynamically tracks the solar azimuth angle, the annual effective power generation duration of the photovoltaic panel is prolonged, the uniform light plate diffuses direct light to all directions, the illumination uniformity in the greenhouse is greatly improved, and the illumination efficiency is improved. And a'zebra-shaped 'shadow zone is effectively eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaic agriculture, specifically relating to a uniform-light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses typically use fixed photovoltaic panel arrays directly laid on the greenhouse roof. While this can generate photovoltaic power, it has the following drawbacks:

[0003] Severe shading: The arrangement of photovoltaic panels creates periodic bright and dark areas inside the greenhouse, resulting in uneven light exposure for crops. In particular, plants in the shaded areas are prone to problems such as insufficient photosynthesis and slow growth.

[0004] Excessive concentration of direct sunlight: Direct sunlight that is not absorbed by the photovoltaic panel may be concentrated in the gap area between the photovoltaic panels, resulting in excessively high local light intensity (such as exceeding the crop's tolerance threshold by 20%-30%), causing leaf burn or increased water evaporation. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse that combines high power generation efficiency, uniform light illumination, and structural reliability in order to solve the above problems.

[0006] This utility model achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A type of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking and uniform light distribution includes a greenhouse body, several pairs of support sections, and photovoltaic units mounted on the support sections. Each photovoltaic unit includes a photovoltaic panel and a uniform light distribution panel. A drive unit is mounted on the support section, and the drive unit includes a rotating shaft and a drive section. The photovoltaic units are mounted on the rotating shaft to track the angle of the sun. The length of the greenhouse body extends in an east-west direction, and the height of the support section on the south side of the greenhouse body is lower than that of the support section on the north side, so that the rotating shaft is lower in the south and higher in the north. By setting this angle of lower in the south and higher in the north, the photovoltaic units can be aligned with the angle of the sun.

[0008] As a further optimization of this utility model, a light-diffusing plate is provided between every two photovoltaic panels, and the light-diffusing plate is disposed between the two photovoltaic panels.

[0009] As a further optimization of this utility model, the photovoltaic unit also includes a frame for connecting the light-diffusing plate and the photovoltaic panel. The frame is connected to the rotating shaft, and this solution fixes each group of photovoltaic panels and light-diffusing plates through the frame.

[0010] As a further optimization of this utility model, each pair of support parts is respectively mounted on both sides of the greenhouse body, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively provided with bearings connected to the top of the support part.

[0011] As a further optimization of this utility model, one of the support parts is provided with a drive part and a coupling for driving the rotating shaft to rotate. The drive part adopts a worm gear reducer motor.

[0012] As a further optimization of this utility model, a transverse reinforcement is also provided between several support parts on one side of the main body of the greenhouse.

[0013] As a further optimization of this utility model, a limiting structure is provided on the support part, the limiting structure including a rubber buffer pad and a stainless steel baffle to prevent the rotating shaft from overtravel.

[0014] As a further optimization of this utility model, the interior of the greenhouse body is equipped with several PAR sensors and a controller. The controller is electrically connected to the PAR sensors and the drive unit. This solution obtains the light effect by setting up PAR sensors and controls the angle of the photovoltaic unit according to the light effect.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] This invention achieves a deep integration of photovoltaic power generation and agricultural production by setting up a tracking system in conjunction with uniform light photovoltaic technology. The tracking system dynamically tracks the solar azimuth angle, increasing the average annual effective power generation time of the photovoltaic panels. The uniform light panels diffuse direct sunlight in all directions, greatly improving the uniformity of light in the greenhouse and effectively eliminating the "zebra-shaped" shadow band. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is the utility model Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure of part A in the middle.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotation axis angle of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Greenhouse main body; 2. Support unit; 3. Drive unit; 31. Rotating shaft; 32. Bearing; 33. Drive unit; 34. Coupling; 4. Photovoltaic unit; 41. Frame; 42. Photovoltaic panel; 43. Light-diffusing plate; 5. Reinforcing part. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a single-axis tracking photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse includes a greenhouse body 1, several pairs of support parts 2, and photovoltaic units 4 set on the support parts 2. The photovoltaic unit 4 includes a photovoltaic panel 42 and a light-diffusing plate 43, wherein a light-diffusing plate 43 corresponds to every two photovoltaic panels 42 and the light-diffusing plate 43 is set between two photovoltaic panels 42. A drive unit 3 is set on the support part 2. The drive unit 3 includes a rotating shaft 31 and a drive part 33. The photovoltaic unit 4 is set on the rotating shaft 31 to enable the photovoltaic unit 4 to track the angle of the sun. The length of the greenhouse body 1 extends in the east-west direction, and the height of the support part 2 located on the south side of the greenhouse body 1 is lower than that of the support part 2 on the north side, so as to make the rotating shaft 31 lower in the south and higher in the north.

[0026] The photovoltaic unit 4 also includes a frame 41 for connecting the light-diffusing plate 43 and the photovoltaic plate 42, and the frame 41 is connected to the rotating shaft 31.

[0027] The photovoltaic panel 42 is a double-sided double-glass module. Each photovoltaic unit 4 is fixed to the rotating shaft 31 by an aluminum alloy clamp. The light-diffusing plate 43 is connected to the frame 41 by a snap-fit ​​connector.

[0028] In this embodiment, the drive unit 33 drives the rotating shaft 31 to rotate, so that the photovoltaic unit 4 can change its orientation azimuth angle according to the direction of the sun (the photovoltaic panel 42 tracking the sun angle is existing technology and can be achieved in many ways, which will not be described in detail here). The light-diffusing plate 43 is made of PC board with an anti-ultraviolet coating on the surface to extend its service life. A micro prism array is embedded inside the plate to distribute direct light evenly into the greenhouse through refraction and scattering. The light-diffusing plate has a light transmittance of 75%-85%. Every two photovoltaic panels 42 are separated by one light-diffusing plate 43 to form an alternating arrangement of "photovoltaic-light-diffusing" and "photovoltaic".

[0029] Each pair of support sections 2 is mounted on both sides of the main body 1 of the greenhouse. Bearings 32 are installed at both ends of the rotating shaft 31, connecting to the top of the support section 2. One support section 2 is equipped with a drive section 33 and a coupling 34 to drive the rotating shaft 31. The drive section 33 uses a worm gear reducer motor. A transverse reinforcing section 5 is also provided between several support sections 2 on one side of the main body 1. The drive unit 3 and the photovoltaic unit 4 can be mounted on either the support section 2 or the reinforcing section 5. A limiting structure is provided on the support section 2 / reinforcing section 5, including a rubber buffer pad and a stainless steel baffle, to prevent the rotating shaft 31 from overtraveling.

[0030] The axial tilt angle of the rotating shaft 31 is ±5° of the local latitude to optimize year-round sunlight reception. Photovoltaic units 4 are installed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 31. Specifically, this embodiment adopts the following structural design:

[0031] Galvanized square steel is used as the support part 2. It is set at a spacing of 5m along the length of the greenhouse, with a total of 5 sets. The bottom of the support part 2 extends into the ground and the top is hinged to the east-west reinforcement part 5. A rotating shaft 31 with an inclination angle of 30° (taking the area of ​​30° north latitude as an example) is constructed from galvanized steel pipes. The rotating shaft 31 and the drive unit 3 are set on the reinforcement part 5. Three rows are arranged in parallel on the reinforcement part 5 along the length of the main body of the greenhouse 1, with a row spacing of 9m. The rotating shaft 31 has a rotational freedom of ±90°. Sufficient distance is left between the rotating shaft 31 and the main body of the greenhouse 1 to ensure that the photovoltaic panel unit has enough rotation space.

[0032] The greenhouse body 1 is equipped with several PAR sensors and a controller. The controller is electrically connected to the PAR sensors and the drive unit 33. The PAR sensors are arranged in a grid pattern inside the greenhouse body 1. The sensor probes are 1.5m above the ground and are connected to the controller via an RS485 bus. Based on the PAR sensor network and fuzzy PID algorithm, the light intensity anomaly can be identified and responded to within 10 seconds, and the irradiance in the greenhouse can be adjusted. The light saturation point of the crop can be accurately matched. It should be noted that the identification of light intensity anomalies through the PAR sensor network and fuzzy PID algorithm is an existing technology.

[0033] Detailed implementation: In this embodiment, the drive unit 3 is controlled by a controller combined with a PAR sensor to track sunlight and change the light environment inside the greenhouse body 1. The tracking modes of the greenhouse body 1 include at least the following two:

[0034] Positive tracking mode: This means adjusting the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 31 to minimize the angle between the normal vector of the photovoltaic unit 4 and the direct sunlight. At this time, the photovoltaic panel captures the most sunlight, has the strongest power generation capacity, and the irradiance inside the greenhouse is the lowest.

[0035] Reverse tracking mode: This means adjusting the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 31 so that the photovoltaic unit 4 is parallel to the direct sunlight. At this time, the sunlight transmitted into the main body of the greenhouse is the most, which can meet the needs of crop growth as much as possible.

[0036] Plant photosynthesis has a light saturation point, meaning that light intensity exceeding the light saturation point will inhibit plant growth. In order to optimize the light environment inside the main body 1 of the greenhouse, the irradiance inside the main body 1 is changed by adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic unit 4, so that the irradiance is close to the light saturation point.

[0037] Therefore, in this embodiment, a PAR sensor is placed inside the main body of the greenhouse 1 to measure the internal light and effective irradiance. When the measured value is greater than a preset value, the system adjusts to the positive tracking mode to allow the photovoltaic panels to block more light. When the measured value is less than the preset value, the system adjusts to the reverse tracking mode to allow more sunlight to enter the greenhouse, gradually bringing the measured value closer to the preset value, which is the optimal light value required for crops grown in the greenhouse.

[0038] The workflow is as follows:

[0039] The system starts in the morning and automatically switches to reverse tracking mode at sunrise, when the plant's photosynthetic efficiency is at its highest. The photovoltaic panels rotate to a horizontal position to maximize light transmission.

[0040] During midday adjustment, when the PAR sensor detects that the regional light intensity exceeds the set threshold, it drives the adjacent photovoltaic panels to deflect 5°-10° toward the positive tracking angle, forming a gradient shading.

[0041] In case of hail, the photovoltaic unit 4 is driven to rotate, and the tempered glass layer on the back is used to resist the impact.

[0042] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A uniform-light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking, comprising a greenhouse body (1), several pairs of support parts (2), and photovoltaic units (4) mounted on the support parts (2), characterized in that: The photovoltaic unit (4) includes a photovoltaic panel (42) and a light-diffusing plate (43). A drive unit (3) is provided on the support part (2). The drive unit (3) includes a rotating shaft (31) and a drive part (33). The photovoltaic unit (4) is set on the rotating shaft (31) to enable the photovoltaic unit (4) to track the angle of the sun. The length of the greenhouse body (1) extends in the east-west direction, and the height of the support part (2) located on the south side of the greenhouse body (1) is lower than that of the support part (2) on the north side, so that the rotating shaft (31) is lower in the south and higher in the north. There is a light-diffusing plate (43) between every two photovoltaic panels (42), and the light-diffusing plate (43) is set between two photovoltaic panels (42).

2. The uniform-light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic unit (4) also includes a frame (41) for connecting the light-diffusing plate (43) and the photovoltaic plate (42), the frame (41) being connected to the rotating shaft (31).

3. The uniform-light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each pair of support parts (2) is respectively mounted on both sides of the greenhouse body (1), and the two ends of the rotating shaft (31) are respectively provided with bearings (32) connected to the top of the support part (2).

4. A uniform-light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking according to claim 2, characterized in that: One of the support parts (2) is provided with a drive part (33) and a coupling (34) for driving the shaft (31) to rotate.

5. A uniform-light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transverse reinforcement (5) is also provided between several support parts (2) on one side of the main body (1) of the greenhouse.

6. A uniform-light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support (2) is provided with a limiting structure, which includes a rubber buffer pad and a stainless steel baffle to prevent the rotating shaft (31) from overtravel.

7. A uniform-light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with oblique single-axis tracking according to claim 1, characterized in that: The greenhouse body (1) is equipped with several PAR sensors and a controller. The controller is electrically connected to the PAR sensors and the drive unit (33).

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