Shield hob and full-section abrasion measuring device thereof

Abstract

The utility model discloses a shield hobbing cutter and a full-section abrasion measuring device thereof. The hobbing cutter comprises a cutter hub, a cutting edge, a bearing assembly, a sealing assembly and a cutter shaft. The cutting edge is arranged outside the cutter hub, the bearing assembly is arranged inside, and the sealing assembly is close to the bearing assembly. The bearing assembly comprises a first bearing and a second bearing which are arranged on the cutter shaft in a sleeving mode. The sealing assembly comprises a first floating seal and a second floating seal which are arranged on the outer sides of the first bearing and the second bearing respectively. A check ring is arranged on the cutter hub and located beside the cutting edge. A first end cover and a second end cover are arranged at the two ends of the cutter hub respectively. And a sealing ring is arranged between the end cover and the bearing assembly. The bearing is convenient to disassemble and assemble, impurities are effectively prevented from entering the bearing through the floating seal, and premature damage is avoided. The sealing effect is enhanced by the plugging sealing structure, and normal work in a severe environment is ensured. The check ring facilitates blade replacement and maintenance. After the shield hob is detached, the abrasion condition can be manually measured through the measuring device, and whether maintenance and replacement are needed or not is judged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a shield cutter head and its full-section wear measurement device. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are widely used in urban rail transit and highway construction projects due to their high degree of mechanization, rapid construction speed, wide adaptability to geological formations, and high safety and reliability. These machines are particularly suitable for various geological conditions, including soft soil, soft rock, fractured water-bearing strata, and hard rock. Through appropriate construction methods, they can efficiently perform tunnel excavation and lining operations, ensuring construction quality while significantly reducing the impact on surface buildings and the surrounding environment.

[0003] In projects such as urban subways with long tunnels and significant depths, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have demonstrated exceptional safety and construction efficiency. Their powerful cutting capabilities and propulsion systems result in smoother excavation surfaces, significantly reducing the amount of lining work and effectively controlling project costs. Furthermore, the application of these machines further reduces the environmental impact of construction, fully showcasing their robust construction capabilities under complex geological conditions.

[0004] For tunneling in rock formations, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) offer significant advantages in hard rock tunneling due to their powerful cutting capabilities and propulsion systems. TBMs offer fast construction speeds, minimal disturbance to the ground, and smooth excavation surfaces, significantly reducing lining work and thus lowering project costs. In urban rail transit and highway construction projects, the application of TBMs not only improves construction efficiency but also reduces environmental impact, demonstrating their powerful construction capabilities under complex geological conditions.

[0005] In underground tunneling operations, the tunneling efficiency, stability, and service life of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) directly affect the progress and quality of the project. However, traditional TBM cutterheads have many shortcomings in structural design and sealing performance, such as low cutting efficiency, easy damage to bearing assemblies, and poor sealing effect. These problems not only affect the efficiency of tunneling operations but also increase equipment maintenance costs and safety risks.

[0006] Furthermore, the cutterheads mounted on the tunnel boring machine (TBM) are critical components for rock breaking. Their harsh working environment makes cutter wear inevitable. Severe cutter wear can lead to increased TBM thrust, shield jamming, and even cutterhead wear, making cutterhead replacement and maintenance unavoidable. Accurate assessment using measuring tools is necessary to accurately determine the cutter wear condition. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technology and provide a shield tunnel cutterhead and its full-section wear measurement device. Through the structural design of the shield tunnel cutterhead, the replacement and maintenance of the cutterhead are made more convenient. After the cutterhead is replaced, the measurement device can measure the wear of all exposed parts of the cutterhead (such as the cutterhead, hub, and end cap) to guide the repair and replacement of each component.

[0008] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A tunnel boring machine cutter includes a cutter hub, a cutter blade, a bearing assembly, a sealing assembly, and a cutter shaft. The cutter blade is located on the outer side of the cutter hub, the bearing assembly is located on the inner side of the cutter hub, and the sealing assembly is located close to the bearing assembly.

[0010] The bearing assembly includes a first bearing and a second bearing, which are sleeved on the cutter shaft; the sealing assembly includes a first floating seal and a second floating seal, which are disposed on the outside of the first bearing and the second floating seal are disposed on the outside of the second bearing.

[0011] A retaining ring is provided on the cutter hub, and the retaining ring is located next to the cutting edge; two end caps are provided at the ends of the cutter hub, and the end caps and sealing components form a sealing structure, which is located at both ends of the cutter hub; the two end caps include a first end cap and a second end cap, a first sealing ring is provided between the first end cap and the inner support (inner ring) of the first bearing, a second sealing ring is provided between the first bearing and the cutter shaft, and a third sealing ring is provided between the second end cap and the cutter shaft.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the outer side of the blade hub is provided with a stepped structure, which includes a first high step, a second middle step, and a third low step. The top surface of the first high step is higher than the top surface of the second middle step, and the top surface of the second middle step is higher than the top surface of the third low step. The cutting edge is installed on the second middle step. A mounting groove is provided on the second middle step for installing a retaining ring.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the top surface of the first high step is provided with a wear-resistant layer.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the first floating seal includes an inner seal A and an outer seal A, with the outer seal A fixed to the first end cap; the second floating seal includes an inner seal B and an outer seal B, with the outer seal B fixed to the second end cap.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the portion of the cutter shaft extending out of the first end cover is the first mounting portion, and the portion of the cutter shaft extending out of the second end cover is the second mounting portion; both the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion are provided with threaded holes.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, a spacer ring is provided between the first bearing and the second bearing, and the spacer ring is sleeved on the cutter shaft. A shield tunnel cutter full-section wear measuring device includes the shield tunnel cutter described above; it also includes a positioning plate and a reference plate, the positioning plate being fixed to the reference plate, and a positioning hole being provided on the positioning plate; the cutter shaft passes through the positioning hole and the positioning plate is mounted on the cutter shaft through a mounting assembly, and the reference plate is positioned along the outer contour of the shield tunnel cutter. In a preferred embodiment, the positioning plate and the reference plate are welded together.

[0017] As a preferred method, the reference plate is made of steel plate with a thickness of 5-10 mm.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the reference plate includes a sealing portion, a hub portion, and a cutting edge portion; the hub portion is disposed between the cutting edge portion and the sealing portion.

[0019] This invention offers at least the following advantages: The coordinated assembly and disassembly of the device, including the cutter hub, cutter blade, bearing assembly, sealing assembly, and cutter shaft, facilitates easy installation and removal. The bearing assembly ensures stable rotation of the cutter hub and cutter blade. The use of a first and second floating seal effectively prevents impurities such as mud and moisture from entering the bearing assembly, avoiding premature bearing damage. The sealing structure formed by the end cap and sealing assembly further enhances the sealing effect, ensuring normal operation of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead in harsh environments. The retaining ring facilitates cutter blade replacement and maintenance.

[0020] When the tunnel boring machine cutterhead is removed from the cutterhead, the wear condition of the cutterhead, cutter hub, and end cap can be manually measured through the cutterhead wear measurement device. By rotating the measurement device, the wear condition of each part of the cutterhead can be accurately measured. The analysis of the wear value can also determine whether there is uneven wear of the cutterhead and other parts, which can effectively guide the maintenance and replacement of the worn parts of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead.

[0021] Through reasonable structural design and superior sealing performance, potential faults and safety hazards during tunneling can be avoided, the service life of the cutterhead can be improved, and the safety of operators can be ensured. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To reveal the technical details of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings involved in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be emphasized that these drawings only present several embodiments of this utility model and should not be considered as defining the scope of the utility model. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can still be derived based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a single-edged hob.

[0024] Figure 2This is an assembly diagram of an unworn single-edge hob and a wear detection device;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a partial side view of the wear detection device;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a steel ruler.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of wear detection for a single-edge hob.

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure for setting up the auxiliary bearing;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism.

[0030] In the diagram, 1-retaining ring, 2-blade, 3-wear-resistant layer, 4-blade hub, 5-bearing assembly, 6-floating seal, 7-end cover, 8-blade shaft, 9-wear detection device, 10-gasket, 11-bolt, 12-bolt assembly, 13-reference plate, 14-positioning plate, 15-positioning hole, 16-steel ruler, 17-auxiliary bearing, 18-clamping mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of this utility model is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of this utility model is not limited to the following description.

[0032] In the following sections, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific forms shown herein. Rather, it should be understood to encompass various variations, equivalents, and / or alternatives to the embodiments of the present disclosure. In illustrating the drawings, the same reference numerals will be used to denote similar components.

[0033] In the various embodiments of this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," "the first," or "the second" are intended to modify different components and not to indicate order and / or importance, nor do they constitute a limitation on the respective components. For example, a first user equipment and a second user equipment represent different user equipments, although they both fall under the category of user equipment. Similarly, a first component may be named a second component, and a second component may be named a first component, without changing their essential attributes within the scope of this disclosure.

[0034] It should be clarified that while the following description provides detailed specific information to aid in a comprehensive understanding of the exemplary embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the exemplary embodiments can be implemented even without these specific details. For example, the system may be illustrated using block diagrams to avoid excessive detail that could obscure the clarity of the example. In other cases, to maintain the clarity of the example, unnecessary details of well-known processes, structures, and techniques may be omitted.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, a shield tunnel cutter includes a cutter hub 4, a cutter blade 2, a bearing assembly 5, a sealing assembly, and a cutter shaft 8. The cutter blade 2 is located on the outer side of the cutter hub 4, the bearing assembly 5 is located on the inner side of the cutter hub 4, and the sealing assembly is located close to the bearing assembly 5.

[0036] The bearing assembly 5 includes a first bearing and a second bearing, which are sleeved on the cutter shaft 8; the sealing assembly includes a first floating seal 6 and a second floating seal 6, which are disposed on the outside of the first bearing and the second floating seal 6 are disposed on the outside of the second bearing.

[0037] A retaining ring 1 is provided on the blade hub 4, and the retaining ring 1 is located next to the blade 2; two end caps 7 are provided at the ends of the blade hub 4, and the end caps 7 and the sealing assembly form a sealing structure, which is provided at both ends of the blade hub 4; the two end caps 7 include a first end cap 7 and a second end cap 7, a first sealing ring is provided between the first end cap 7 and the inner support (inner ring) of the first bearing, a second sealing ring is provided between the first bearing and the blade shaft 8, and a third sealing ring is provided between the second end cap 7 and the blade shaft 8.

[0038] As the cutterhead rotates, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) advances forward. The cutter shaft 8 rotates with the cutterhead (fixed to the cutter box of the cutterhead), and the cutting edge 2 presses against the tunneling face, thereby driving the cutter hub 4 and the cutting edge 2 to rotate. The cutting edge 2, pressing against the tunneling face, crushes the rock during rotation. The first and second bearings in the bearing assembly 5 are fitted onto the cutter shaft 8, providing support and rotation, ensuring the smooth rotation of the cutter hub 4 and the cutting edge 2. The outer sides of the first and second bearings are respectively equipped with a first floating seal 6 and a second floating seal 6, effectively preventing impurities such as mud and moisture from entering the bearings, ensuring normal operation and lifespan. A retaining ring 1 on the cutter hub 4 is used to fix the cutting edge 2, preventing it from loosening or falling off during rotation. Simultaneously, end caps 7 are provided at both ends of the cutter hub 4. The end caps 7, together with the sealing assembly, form a sealing structure, further preventing impurities from entering the cutter hub 4 and protecting the bearing assembly 5 and the cutter shaft 8 from damage.

[0039] A first sealing ring is provided between the first end cover 7 and the inner support (inner ring) of the first bearing; a second sealing ring is provided between the first bearing and the cutter shaft 8; and a third sealing ring is provided between the second end cover 7 and the cutter shaft 8. These sealing rings together form a multi-layer sealing structure to ensure the sealing performance inside the shield cutter head, prevent the intrusion of impurities such as mud and water, and ensure the normal operation and tunneling efficiency of the shield cutter head.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the outer side of the blade hub 4 is provided with a stepped structure, which includes a first high step, a second middle step and a third low step. The top surface of the first high step is higher than the top surface of the second middle step, and the top surface of the second middle step is higher than the top surface of the third low step. The blade 2 is installed on the second middle step. An installation groove is provided on the second middle step for installing the retaining ring 1.

[0041] The outer side of the blade hub 4 features a carefully designed stepped structure consisting of three steps of different heights: a first high step, a second medium step, and a third low step. Their heights decrease sequentially, with the top of the first high step being the highest, followed by the second medium step, and the third low step being the lowest. The cutting edge 2 is cleverly mounted on the second medium step. This design ensures the stability and robustness of the cutting edge 2 while allowing it to fully perform its cutting or machining functions. A mounting groove is also specially provided on the second medium step. The main function of this mounting groove is to install the retaining ring 1. The presence of the retaining ring 1 further ensures the stability and safety of the cutting edge 2 during use, preventing it from shaking or falling off during operation. When the entire blade hub 4 begins to work, the cutting edge 2 rotates under power, thereby achieving the cutting or machining of the target object. The stepped structure and the design of the retaining ring 1 together provide a stable and safe working environment for the cutting edge 2, ensuring the smooth operation of the entire process.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, a wear-resistant layer 3 is provided on the top surface of the first high step. The main function of the wear-resistant layer 3 is to increase the wear resistance of the top surface of the step and extend its service life.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the first floating seal 6 includes an inner seal A and an outer seal A, with the outer seal A positioned near the first end cover 7; the second floating seal 6 includes an inner seal B and an outer seal B, with the outer seal B positioned near the second end cover 7. Both the first and second end covers 7 are provided with oil plugs, which can be removed to facilitate the supply of lubricating medium (such as lubricating oil) to the bearing. Normally, the outer seal A is fixed to the first end cover 7 and remains stationary during use. The sealing ring of the inner seal A rests on the blade hub 4 and rotates with the blade hub 4 during use. The outer seal B is fixed to the second end cover 7 and remains stationary during use. The sealing ring of the inner seal B rests on the blade hub 4 and rotates with the blade hub 4 during use. This embodiment ensures that the sealing system effectively isolates the bearing chamber from the external environment, preventing leakage of the lubricating medium. Oil plugs are provided on both the first and second end covers 7. When a lubricating medium (such as lubricating oil) needs to be supplied to the bearing, the operator can easily remove the oil plug and inject an appropriate amount of lubricating medium into the bearing housing through the plug hole. The lubricating medium effectively reduces friction and wear during bearing operation, improving equipment operating efficiency and lifespan.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the portion of the cutter shaft 8 extending out of the first end cover 7 is the first mounting portion, and the portion of the cutter shaft 8 extending out of the second end cover 7 is the second mounting portion; both the first and second mounting portions are provided with threaded holes. These threaded holes are designed for connection and fixation with other components, facilitating the transport and assembly of the hob.

[0045] During operation, the first and second mounting parts can be connected to other necessary components or devices through the threaded holes to ensure the stability and functionality of the entire equipment.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, a spacer ring is provided between the first bearing and the second bearing, and the spacer ring is sleeved on the cutter shaft 8.

[0047] A shield tunnel cutterhead full-section wear measurement device, a shield tunnel cutterhead equipped with a full-section wear measurement device, or a shield tunnel cutterhead with full-section wear measurement capability, including any of the shield tunnel cutterheads described above; such as Figure 3As shown, it also includes a positioning plate 14 and a reference plate 13. The positioning plate 14 is fixed to the reference plate 13, and a positioning hole 15 is provided on the positioning plate 14. The cutter shaft 8 passes through the positioning hole 15 and is mounted on the cutter shaft 8 by the mounting assembly (bolt assembly 12). The reference plate 13 is set along the outer contour of the shield cutter head. First, a spacer ring is sleeved on the cutter shaft 8, located between the first bearing and the second bearing, to ensure the stable operation of the cutter shaft 8. The positioning plate 14 is fixedly connected to the reference plate 13, and a positioning hole 15 is pre-provided on the positioning plate 14. The cutter shaft 8 is passed through the positioning hole 15, and the positioning plate 14 is mounted on the cutter shaft 8 using the mounting assembly (such as bolt assembly 12) (preferably so that it can rotate on the cutter shaft 8) (see reference). Figure 2 The reference plate 13 is set along the outer contour of the shield cutterhead to ensure measurement accuracy. During use, the outer contour of the shield cutterhead changes as it wears. By observing or measuring the change in the gap or distance between the reference plate 13 and the outer contour of the shield cutterhead, the degree of wear of the shield cutterhead can be accurately determined. This measurement method is comprehensive and accurate, reflecting the wear condition of the shield cutterhead and providing a strong basis for subsequent maintenance or replacement.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the positioning plate 14 is welded to the reference plate 13. The positioning plate 14 and the reference plate 13 are securely connected by welding, making it convenient to use.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the reference plate 13 is made of a steel plate with a thickness of 5-10 mm to ensure the rigidity of the reference plate 13 and avoid deformation.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the reference plate 13 includes a sealing part, a blade hub 4, and a blade 2; the blade hub 4 is disposed between the blade 2 and the sealing part. The entire reference plate 13 adopts an integral structure and is divided into multiple segments for easy measurement. Positioning plates 14 are provided at both ends of the reference plate 13, and the positioning plates 14 cooperate with both ends of the blade shaft 8.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, to facilitate the rotation of the positioning plate 14 and thus the rotation of the reference plate 13, an auxiliary bearing 17 can be provided at the positioning hole 15. The inner ring of the auxiliary bearing 17 is fixed to the bolt 11, which can eliminate the error caused by the positioning hole 15. Because the bolt 11 of the bolt assembly 12 needs to extend into the positioning hole 15, the positioning hole 15 must be made larger than the bolt 11. This will cause the positioning plate 14 to contact the bolt 11 at some positions and not at others, resulting in an error.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, this utility model also includes a clamping mechanism 18, which includes a clamping body, a clamping plate, and a locking element. Considering that during the use of the entire measuring device, since the bolt assembly 12 does not completely lock the positioning plate 14, meaning the reference plate 13 can rotate around the shield cutter head, it is necessary to manually fix the reference plate 13 during measurement, using a ruler (such as...) Figure 4 The measurement using the steel ruler 16 shown is inconvenient when held by the fixed reference plate 13, and it also affects the measurement accuracy. Therefore, we have designed a clamping mechanism 18. When it is necessary to measure a certain location, the reference plate 13 is limited, eliminating the need to hold the reference plate 13 by hand, making operation convenient. Specifically, the clamping plate includes a left clamping plate and a right clamping plate, which are used to clamp the reference plate 13. The clamping body is arc-shaped, with a cross-section close to a circle. An opening is provided on the clamping body, and the left and right clamping plates are fixed at both ends of the opening, respectively. At least one threaded hole is provided on the clamping body for connecting a locking component, which includes a screw rod that mates with the threaded hole. Preferably, a butterfly handle is provided at the end of the screw rod to facilitate rotation of the screw rod. The screw rod presses against the cutter shaft 8 to fix the clamping body, thereby fixing the clamping plate. In addition, pads (which can be rubber pads or steel pads) are provided on both sides of the opening, inside the clamping body. The pad can be inserted after the clamping body is fitted onto the first mounting part or the second mounting part (cutter shaft 8), or it can be pre-fixed inside the clamping body.

[0053] The roller cutter of this invention is an important tool for rock breaking in tunnel boring machines (TBMs). To prevent wear on the cutter hub 4, a wear-resistant layer 3 is welded onto some of the roller cutters. The cutter shaft 8 is fixed inside the cutter box on the cutterhead. As the TBM advances forward, the roller cutter crushes the rock. The cutter shaft 8, end cap 7, outer seal of the floating seal 6, and inner bearing support (inner ring) are all fixed relative to the cutter box, while the inner seal of the floating seal 6, outer bearing support (outer ring), cutter hub 4, blade 2, and retaining ring 1 rotate relative to the cutter box. During the rock breaking process of the TBM roller cutter, the components in contact with the TBM excavation face and the excavated soil (retaining ring 1, blade 2, wear-resistant layer 3, cutter hub 4, end cap 7) will all experience wear to varying degrees. In order to accurately determine whether the roller cutter components need to be replaced, a wear detection device 9 is used to measure the wear of various parts of the roller cutter.

[0054] The wear detection device 9 is constructed by welding a reference plate 13 and a positioning plate 14. Positioning holes 15 are drilled in the positioning plate 14. The reference plate 13 is made of steel plate of a certain thickness (e.g., 5-10mm). The inner side of the reference plate 13 must contact all parts of the unworn hob, such as the retaining ring 1, the cutting edge 2, the wear-resistant layer 3, the cutter hub 4, and the end cap 7. Alternatively, it can have a fixed distance gap (e.g., 5mm) with all parts; subtracting this value from the measured value will give the wear value of each component. The cutter shaft 8 will not contact the excavation face or the excavated soil, and therefore will not experience wear. Wear measurement is not required. The outer side of the cutter shaft 8 (the sides of the first and second mounting parts) does not need to contact the wear detection device 9; a certain gap (e.g., 10mm) must be maintained.

[0055] Wear detection process for various parts of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead: (e.g.) Figure 5 As shown, after the worn hob is removed from the tool box, the wear detection device 9 is brought close to the hob, and the positioning holes 15 on both sides are aligned with the bolt holes on both sides of the cutter shaft 8. The bolts 11 with washers 10 are passed through the positioning holes 15 and screwed into the bolt holes on the cutter shaft 8. The bolts 11 should not be tightened too much or too loosely to allow the wear detection device 9 to rotate on the hob shaft 8.

[0056] Since the components of the hob are worn, there is a wear gap between the inner side of the wear detection device 9 and the adjacent components. Simply place the steel ruler 16 against the location to be measured to directly read the wear amount. By rotating the wear detection device 9, the wear condition of each part and component of the hob can be accurately measured. Based on the wear condition, it can be determined whether each component needs to be replaced: for example, if the outer diameter of the hob cutting edge 2 is worn more than 15mm, it needs to be replaced; if the wear measurement exceeds this value, replacement can be confirmed. If the hob hub 4 is worn more than 5mm, it needs to be replaced; if the wear measurement exceeds this value, replacement can be confirmed. If the wear-resistant layer 3 is worn more than 2mm, it needs to be repaired by welding; if the wear measurement exceeds this value, repair and welding can be confirmed.

[0057] Some advantages and precautions of this utility model.

[0058] (1) To facilitate installation, the reference plate 13 and the various parts of the hob are fitted with a clearance fit, preferably 0.2 mm, or a certain clearance value is also acceptable, which makes installation easier. Of course, the positioning plate 14 and the two ends of the cutter shaft 8 can be installed through the auxiliary bearing 17, or a clearance fit can be used, preferably 0.1 mm.

[0059] (2) The scale of the steel ruler 16 should start from 0 at the point of contact with the wear point.

[0060] (3) In order to accurately measure the wear of the hob, the outer diameter of the bolt 11 and the positioning hole 15 shall be fitted with a clearance fit, and the clearance shall be 0.05mm.

[0061] (4) This wear detection device 9, together with the steel ruler 16, can measure the wear of each component of the removed hob. If it is necessary to measure the wear of each component of the hob installed on the tool box, the positioning plate 14 needs to be improved to fix the reference plate 13 on the tool box, and the wear of each component of the hob is measured by rotating the hob.

[0062] (5) This wear detection device 9 can also be equipped with a displacement sensor to replace the steel ruler 16 to automatically measure the wear of each component of the hob.

[0063] This utility model integrates a cutterhead hub 4, a cutterhead 2, a double bearing support system, and a floating seal 6 structure for tunnel boring machines. As the cutterhead rotates, the tunnel boring machine advances forward, with the cutterhead 2 pressing against the excavation face to achieve rotary rock breaking. The stepped structure on the outer side of the cutterhead hub 4 stably fixes the cutterhead 2. The floating seals 6 at both ends (including an inner rotating seal and an outer fixed seal) work together with the end caps 7 to form a dynamic sealing barrier, combined with auxiliary sealing rings to prevent external mud and water from entering the bearing cavity. The wear detection device 9 is connected to the cutter shaft 8 by bolts 11 via a positioning plate 14. A reference plate 13 conforms to the outer contour of the cutterhead (or has a fixed distance from the outer contour) to form a measurement reference surface. Using the rotatable reference plate 13 in conjunction with a steel ruler 16, the gap changes between the cutterhead 2, retaining ring 1, cutterhead hub 4, and other components and the reference surface are quantified, enabling accurate determination of the wear value across the entire cross-section.

[0064] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention. The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead, characterized in that: It includes a tool hub, a cutting edge, a bearing assembly, a sealing assembly, and a tool shaft. The cutting edge is located on the outside of the tool hub, the bearing assembly is located on the inside of the tool hub, and the sealing assembly is located close to the bearing assembly. The bearing assembly includes a first bearing and a second bearing, which are sleeved on the cutter shaft; the sealing assembly includes a first floating seal and a second floating seal, which are disposed on the outside of the first bearing and the second floating seal are disposed on the outside of the second bearing. A retaining ring is provided on the cutter hub, and the retaining ring is located next to the cutting edge; two end caps are provided at the ends of the cutter hub, and the end caps and sealing components form a sealing structure, and the sealing structure is located at both ends of the cutter hub; the two end caps include a first end cap and a second end cap, a first sealing ring is provided between the first end cap and the inner support of the first bearing, a second sealing ring is provided between the first bearing and the cutter shaft, and a third sealing ring is provided between the second end cap and the cutter shaft.

2. A shield tunnel cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the blade hub is provided with a stepped structure, which includes a first high step, a second middle step, and a third low step. The top surface of the first high step is higher than the top surface of the second middle step, and the top surface of the second middle step is higher than the top surface of the third low step. The cutting edge is installed on the second middle step. A mounting groove is provided on the second middle step for installing a retaining ring.

3. A shield tunnel cutterhead according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top surface of the first high step is equipped with a wear-resistant layer.

4. A shield tunnel cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first floating seal includes an inner seal A and an outer seal A, with the outer seal A located near the first end cap; the second floating seal includes an inner seal B and an outer seal B, with the outer seal B located near the second end cap.

5. A shield tunnel cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The portion of the cutter shaft extending out of the first end cover is the first mounting portion, and the portion of the cutter shaft extending out of the second end cover is the second mounting portion; both the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion are provided with threaded holes.

6. A shield tunnel cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spacer ring is provided between the first bearing and the second bearing, and the spacer ring is sleeved on the cutter shaft.

7. A full-section wear measuring device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads, characterized in that: The shield tunneling cutter includes a cutterhead as described in any one of claims 1-6; it also includes a positioning plate and a reference plate, the positioning plate being fixed to the reference plate, and a positioning hole being provided on the positioning plate; the cutter shaft passes through the positioning hole and the positioning plate is mounted on the cutter shaft through an installation assembly, and the reference plate is set along the outer contour of the shield tunneling cutter.

8. The shield tunnel cutter full-section wear measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The positioning plate is welded and fixed to the reference plate.

9. The shield tunnel cutter full-section wear measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reference plate is made of steel plate with a thickness of 5-10mm.

10. A shield tunnel cutter full-section wear measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reference plate includes a sealing part, a hub part, and a cutting edge part; the hub part is located between the cutting edge part and the sealing part.

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