Automobile starting controller capable of realizing rapid charging of digital super capacitor

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automobile starting controller capable of rapidly charging a digital super capacitor. The automobile starting controller comprises an external battery input end anti-reverse-connection protection circuit, a bidirectional direct-current buck-boost power conversion topology circuit, a super capacitor module and an automobile starting control circuit which are connected in sequence, the system also comprises a main control circuit of a DSP chip. The super capacitor is rapidly charged and the charging current is controlled by adopting a DSP control technology, so that the control is flexible and convenient, and the current and voltage of rapid charging and the starting current of the automobile can be effectively ensured to be controlled on a pre-designed level under the influence of various factors; the controller forms the automobile starting control system capable of rapidly charging the super capacitor, so that the controllability, the universality and the multifunctionality of the system can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles, specifically a digital supercapacitor fast charging vehicle starter controller. Background Technology

[0002] The current charging control method for supercapacitor automotive emergency jump starters mainly uses an external traditional switching power supply charger to slowly charge the supercapacitor. The charging time is generally 1-2 hours to fully charge the supercapacitor. After being fully charged, the supercapacitor can only start the car about 10 times, which is not suitable for scenarios where the car needs to be started multiple times quickly.

[0003] Furthermore, current supercapacitor-based automotive emergency jump starters typically employ an additional MCU or analog circuits for reverse connection and short-circuit protection of the clips connected to the positive and negative terminals of the vehicle's jump starter battery. The minimum reverse voltage detection voltage at both ends of the clips is above 1V, and the normal voltage at both ends of the clips must be above 5V to start the car. This cannot meet the needs of many application scenarios where the small automotive battery is depleted. To solve these problems, existing technologies use a dedicated voltage acquisition chip to detect the voltage and an MCU controller for calculation and control, which reduces the real-time performance and reliability of voltage control and increases hardware costs.

[0004] Moreover, traditional switching power supply chargers typically employ analog control technology, using components such as comparators, error amplifiers, and analog power management chips to regulate output voltage and output current. This control method suffers from problems such as complex control circuits, a large number of required components, and difficulty in modifying the control circuit once it is designed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a digital supercapacitor fast charging vehicle starter controller to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A digital supercapacitor fast-charging car start controller includes an external battery input reverse connection protection circuit, a bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit, a supercapacitor module, and a car start control circuit connected in sequence; the bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit is used to fast charge the supercapacitor module; the supercapacitor module and the car start control circuit are connected to an external car battery.

[0008] It also includes the main control circuit of the DSP chip, the battery input voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, the switching transistor drive circuit, the supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, and the Bluetooth / WIFI module used for software upgrades and connection to the mobile APP.

[0009] The switching transistor drive circuit is connected to the bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit, the battery input voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, the external battery input terminal reverse connection protection circuit, and the external tool battery pack form the first node, and the supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit is used to acquire the voltage / current and temperature signals of the supercapacitor module.

[0010] In a further technical solution, the main control circuit of the DSP chip is connected to an output short-circuit protection circuit, an output reverse connection protection circuit, a button control circuit, a display module control circuit, a lighting module circuit, and a bidirectional PD charging module. The output short-circuit protection circuit and the output reverse connection protection circuit, together with the supercapacitor module, the car start control circuit, and the external car battery, form a second node. The bidirectional PD charging module, together with the external battery output reverse connection protection circuit and the bidirectional DC-DC step-up / step-down power conversion topology circuit, form a third node.

[0011] In a further technical solution, the button control circuit is connected to a standby and auxiliary power supply circuit, which is connected to the third node. The standby and auxiliary power supply circuit has three output terminals: VCC3.3V, VCC5V, and VCC15V. The VCC3.3V output terminal is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip and the Bluetooth / WIFI module, respectively. The VCC5V output terminal is connected to the display module control circuit, and the VCC15V output terminal is connected to the lighting module circuit.

[0012] A further technical solution includes supercapacitor module and vehicle start control circuit comprising supercapacitor SC1, supercapacitor SC2, supercapacitor SC3, supercapacitor SC4 and supercapacitor SC5, wherein supercapacitor SC1, supercapacitor SC2, supercapacitor SC3, supercapacitor SC4 and supercapacitor SC5 are connected in series, and supercapacitor SC1 is connected to a relay module and the positive terminal of a clip, and supercapacitor SC5 is connected to the negative terminal of a clip.

[0013] A further technical solution includes a relay module comprising relay K1 and relay K2, which are connected in parallel. Terminal 1 of relay K1 is connected to the supercapacitor SC1, terminal 2 of relay K1 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, and the drive coil of the relay is located between terminals 3 and 4. Terminal 3 of relay K1 is connected to the collector (c) of transistor Q1, and the base (b) of transistor Q1 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides high and low level signals to the base of transistor Q1. The emitter (e) of transistor Q1 is grounded, and terminal 4 of relay K1 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides 15V voltage to the drive coil of relay K1.

[0014] Terminal 2 of relay K2 is connected to the supercapacitor SC1. Terminal 1 of relay K2 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip. The drive coil of relay K2 is located between terminals 4 and 3. Terminal 4 of relay K2 is connected to the collector (c) of transistor Q2. The base (b) of transistor Q2 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides high and low level signals to the base of transistor Q2. The emitter (e) of transistor Q2 is grounded. Terminal 3 of relay K2 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides 15V voltage to the drive coil of relay K2.

[0015] A further technical solution is provided, wherein the supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit includes a supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module and a supercapacitor temperature acquisition module. The supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module is used to detect the voltage across the supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5, and the supercapacitor temperature acquisition module is used to detect the temperature of the supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5.

[0016] In a further technical solution, the supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module includes resistors R26, R27, R28, R2, R4, R10, R13, R15, R17, R21, R22, R24, R18, R20, and R23. Resistors R27, R26, and R28 form a node. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, the other end of resistor R26 is connected to the supercapacitor SC1, and the other end of resistor R28 is grounded.

[0017] The resistors R2, R4, and R10 form a node. The resistor R10 is grounded and is electrically connected to the capacitor C5. The other end of the capacitor C5 and the resistor R4 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of the resistor R2, the supercapacitor SC1, and the supercapacitor SC2 are connected.

[0018] Resistors R13, R15, and R17 form a node. Resistor R17 is grounded and connected to capacitor C6. The other end of capacitor C6 and resistor R15 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R13, supercapacitor SC3, and supercapacitor SC2 are connected.

[0019] Resistors R21, R22, and R24 form a node. Resistor R24 ​​is grounded and connected to capacitor C8. The other end of capacitor C8 and resistor R22 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R21, supercapacitor SC3, and supercapacitor SC4 are connected.

[0020] Resistors R18, R20, and R23 form a node. Resistor R23 is grounded and connected to capacitor C7. The other end of capacitor C7 and resistor R20 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R18, supercapacitor SC4, and supercapacitor SC5 are connected.

[0021] A further technical solution includes a supercapacitor temperature acquisition module comprising a thermistor NTC1, a resistor R5, a diode D4, a thermistor NTC2, a diode D5, a resistor R6, a thermistor NTC3, a diode D6, a resistor R8, a thermistor NTC4, a diode D8, a resistor R9, a thermistor NTC5, a diode D7, a resistor R7, a resistor R14, and a capacitor C2. One end of the resistor R14 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, and capacitor C2 forms a node. The other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R14 is connected to the cathodes of diodes D4, D5, D6, D8, and D7. The anode of diode D4 is connected to the thermistor NTC1 and the resistor R5. The other end of resistor R5 is grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC1 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip.

[0022] The anode of diode D5 is connected to the thermistor NTC2 and the resistor R6, with the other end of resistor R6 grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC2 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The anode of diode D6 is connected to the thermistor NTC3 and the resistor R8, with the other end of resistor R8 grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC3 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The anode of diode D8 is connected to the thermistor NTC4 and the resistor R9, with the other end of resistor R9 grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC4 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The anode of diode D7 is connected to the thermistor NTC5 and the resistor R7, with the other end of resistor R7 grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC5 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip.

[0023] A further technical solution includes an output short-circuit protection circuit comprising resistors R74 and R72, transistor Q9, resistors R68 and R64, switching transistors Q1 and Q21, resistor R76, optocoupler J2, diode D24, and resistor R103; the drain (D) of switching transistor Q1 is externally connected to a 3.3V voltage, the gate (G) of switching transistor Q1 forms a node with resistors R64 and R68, and the source (S) of switching transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of resistor R64; the switching transistor... The source (S) terminal of Q21 is connected. Resistor R68 is connected to the collector (C) terminal of transistor Q9. The emitter (E) terminal of transistor Q9 is grounded. The base (B) terminal of transistor Q9 is connected to one end of resistor R74. The other end of resistor R74 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip sends a high-potential signal to resistor R74 when a short circuit is detected at both ends of the output clip. One end of resistor R72 is connected to the base (B) terminal of transistor Q9. The other end is grounded; the drain of the switch Q2 is connected to the resistor R76, the other end of the resistor R76 is connected to one end of the optocoupler J2, the second end of the optocoupler is connected to the anode of the diode D24, the cathode of the diode D24 is connected to the resistor R103, the other end of the resistor R103 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, the fourth end of the optocoupler is connected to resistors R77 and R80, the other end of the resistor R77 is externally connected to a 3.3V voltage, the other end of the resistor R80 is connected to diode D21 and capacitor C48, the resistor R80, the anode of the diode D21, the capacitor C48, and the electronic switch U10 form a node, the other end of the capacitor C48 is grounded, the cathode of the diode D21 is externally connected to a 3.3V voltage, and the third end of the optocoupler J2 is grounded.

[0024] A further technical solution includes the output reverse connection protection circuit comprising resistors R140, R99, R78, optocoupler J3, transistor Q27, resistor R110, diode D36, resistors R130, R79, R81, and capacitor C50. Resistor R99 is connected in parallel with resistor R140. One end of resistor R99 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, and the other end is connected to the base (b) of transistor Q27. The collector (c) of transistor Q27 is connected to resistor R110. One end of resistor R110 is connected to the anode of diode D36, and the other end is connected to the clip... The negative terminal of the diode is connected. The cathode of the diode D36 is connected to the resistor R130, and the other end of the resistor R130 is grounded. One terminal of the optocoupler J3 is connected to the resistor R78, and the other end of the resistor R78 is connected to an external 5V voltage. The fourth terminal of the optocoupler J3 is connected to the resistor R79 and the resistor R81. The resistor R79 is connected to an external 3.3V voltage. The resistor R81 forms a node with the capacitor C50, the anode of the diode D22, and the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of the capacitor C50 is grounded. The cathode of the diode D22 is connected to an external 3.3V voltage. The third terminal of the optocoupler J3 is grounded.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0026] This invention employs intelligent, fully digital control based on DSP and Bluetooth / WIFI technology to rapidly charge supercapacitors, controlling the charging current and reducing charging time to less than 60 seconds. Utilizing the low-temperature and high-temperature characteristics of supercapacitors, it enables unlimited vehicle starts in environments ranging from -65°C to 70°C. The control is flexible and convenient, effectively ensuring that the fast-charging current, voltage, and vehicle starting current are controlled at pre-designed levels under various influencing factors. The overall controller circuit design emphasizes centralized control, standardized modularity, and multi-functional system applications. The controller forms a supercapacitor fast-charging vehicle starting control system, effectively improving the system's controllability, versatility, and multi-functionality.

[0027] Other features and advantages of this invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This utility model presents a schematic block diagram of the overall scheme of a multifunctional digital supercapacitor fast charging car starter controller.

[0029] Figure 2 : Circuit diagram of an embodiment of the voltage and temperature detection and start-up control circuit of the supercapacitor module of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 3: Circuit diagram of an embodiment of the output short-circuit protection detection circuit of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 4 The circuit diagram of an embodiment of the output reverse connection protection detection circuit of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1-4 ;

[0034] A digital supercapacitor fast-charging car start controller includes, in sequence, an external battery input reverse connection protection circuit, a bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit, a supercapacitor module, and a car start control circuit. The bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit is used to fast charge the supercapacitor module. The supercapacitor module and the car start control circuit are connected to the external car battery. It also includes a DSP chip main control circuit and a battery input voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, a switching transistor drive circuit, a supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit connected to the DSP chip main control circuit, and a Bluetooth / WIFI module for software upgrades and mobile APP connection. The switching transistor drive circuit is connected to the bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit. The first node is formed by the battery input voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, the external battery input terminal reverse connection protection circuit, and the external tool battery pack. The supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit is used to acquire the voltage / current and temperature signals of the supercapacitor module. Furthermore, the main control circuit of the DSP chip is connected to the output short circuit protection circuit, the output reverse connection protection circuit, the button control circuit, the display module control circuit, the lighting module circuit, and the bidirectional PD charging module. The output short circuit protection circuit, the output reverse connection protection circuit, the supercapacitor module, the car start control circuit, and the external car battery form the second node. The bidirectional PD charging module, the external battery input terminal reverse connection protection circuit, and the bidirectional DC-DC step-up / step-down power conversion topology circuit form the third node.

[0035] Specifically, traditional switching power supply chargers typically employ analog control technology, utilizing components such as comparators, error amplifiers, and analog power management chips to regulate output voltage and current. However, this control method has many drawbacks, such as complex control circuitry, a large number of required components, and difficulty in modifying the control circuit once its design is complete.

[0036] With the rapid development of microelectronics technology, switching power supply charger control technology has evolved from purely analog control to mixed analog-digital control, and now to DSP fully digital control. DSP digital control not only simplifies the control circuit, but also centrally controls the reverse connection protection and short-circuit protection functions of the battery clips, as well as other auxiliary functions such as display, lighting, PD bidirectional charging, and Bluetooth / WIFI modules. This reduces the number of components, shrinks the product size, lowers the product hardware cost, and provides greater flexibility, facilitating later adjustments and remote upgrades. This greatly promotes the miniaturization, multi-functionality, and integration of automotive starter controllers.

[0037] This invention employs intelligent, fully digital control based on DSP and Bluetooth / WIFI technology to rapidly charge supercapacitors, controlling the charging current and reducing charging time to less than 60 seconds. Utilizing the low-temperature and high-temperature characteristics of supercapacitors, it enables unlimited vehicle starts in environments ranging from -65°C to 70°C. The control is flexible and convenient, effectively ensuring that the fast-charging current, voltage, and vehicle starting current are controlled at pre-designed levels under various influencing factors. The overall controller circuit design emphasizes centralized control, standardized modularity, and multi-functional system applications. The controller forms a supercapacitor fast-charging vehicle starting control system, effectively improving the system's controllability, versatility, and multi-functionality.

[0038] In this embodiment, the button control circuit is connected to a standby and auxiliary power supply circuit, which is connected to the third node. The standby and auxiliary power supply circuit has three output terminals: VCC3.3V, VCC5V, and VCC15V. The VCC3.3V output terminal is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip and the Bluetooth / WIFI module, respectively. The VCC5V output terminal is connected to the display module control circuit, and the VCC15V output terminal is connected to the lighting module circuit.

[0039] In this embodiment, the supercapacitor module and the vehicle starting control circuit include supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, and SC5, which are connected in series. Supercapacitor SC1 is electrically connected to a relay module and the positive terminal of a clip, and supercapacitor SC5 is connected to the negative terminal of a clip. Further, the relay module includes relays K1 and K2, which are connected in parallel. Terminal 1 of relay K1 is connected to supercapacitor SC1. Terminal 2 of relay K1 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip. The drive coil of relay K1 is located between terminals 3 and 4. Terminal 3 of relay K1 is connected to the collector (c) of transistor Q1. The base (b) of transistor Q1 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides high and low level signals to the base of transistor Q1. The emitter (e) of transistor Q1 is grounded. Terminal 4 of relay K1 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides 15V voltage to the drive coil of relay K1. In addition, diode D1 is connected in series with the drive coil of relay K1, and the anode of diode D1 faces terminal 3 of the drive coil.

[0040] Terminal 2 of relay K2 is connected to supercapacitor SC1, terminal 1 of relay K2 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, and the drive coil of relay K2 is located between terminals 4 and 3. Terminal 4 of relay K2 is connected to the collector (c) of transistor Q2, and the base (b) of transistor Q2 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides high and low level signals to the base of transistor Q2. The emitter (e) of transistor Q2 is grounded. Terminal 3 of relay K2 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, which provides 15V voltage to the drive coil of relay K2. In addition, diode D2 is connected in series with the drive coil of relay K2, with the cathode of diode D2 facing terminal 3 of the drive coil.

[0041] Specifically, the main control circuit of the DSP chip outputs a high potential from one port to control the saturation and conduction of transistors Q1 and Q2, which in turn controls the conduction of relays K1 and K2. This outputs the 15V voltage from the fully charged series supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, and SC5 to the positive and negative terminals of the car battery clip. The positive terminal of the clip is then connected in parallel to the positive terminal of the car battery's 12V circuit, and the negative terminal is connected in parallel to the negative terminal of the car battery's 12V circuit, providing starting power for the car to start.

[0042] More specifically, the 15V voltage driving relays K1 and K2 in the main control circuit of the DSP chip is connected to one end of the drive coil of relays K1 and K2 through the negative terminal of the anti-reverse-current diode D3. Then, the base of transistor Q1 is connected to one port of the main control circuit of the DSP chip, the emitter is connected to GND, and the collector is connected to terminal 3 of the drive coil of relay K1. The switching terminals of relay K1 are connected to the positive terminal of supercapacitor SC1 and the positive terminal of the clip, respectively. Then, the base of transistor Q2 is connected to the same port of the main control circuit of the DSP chip, the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to GND, and the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the drive coil of relay K2. The switching terminals of relay K2 are connected to the positive terminal of supercapacitor SC1 and the positive terminal of the clip, respectively. The negative terminal of the clip is connected to the negative terminal of supercapacitor SC5. The main function of diodes D1, D2, and D3 is to prevent the reverse electromotive force of the relay coil from entering the main control circuit and affecting the stability and reliability of the circuit control.

[0043] Compared with existing technologies, the principle of using a DSP chip as the main control circuit port to control two relays in parallel for high-current starting of a car prevents the back electromotive force from affecting the synchronization of the starting and stopping times of the two relays due to hardware timing differences between the two starting coils, which would reduce the service life and reliability of the relays and control circuits.

[0044] In this embodiment, the supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit includes a supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module and a supercapacitor temperature acquisition module. The supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module is used to detect the voltage across supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5, and the supercapacitor temperature acquisition module is used to detect the temperature of the supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5.

[0045] Furthermore, the supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module includes resistors R26, R27, R28, R2, R4, R10, R13, R15, R17, R21, R22, R24, R18, R20, and R23. Resistors R27, R26, and R28 form a node. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, the other end of resistor R26 is connected to the supercapacitor SC1, and the other end of resistor R28 is grounded.

[0046] Resistors R2, R4, and R10 form a node. Resistor R10 is grounded and is electrically connected to capacitor C5. The other end of capacitor C5 and resistor R4 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R2, supercapacitor SC1, and supercapacitor SC2 are connected.

[0047] Resistors R13, R15, and R17 form a node. Resistor R17 is grounded and connected to capacitor C6. The other end of capacitor C6 and resistor R15 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R13, supercapacitor SC3, and supercapacitor SC2 are connected.

[0048] Resistors R21, R22, and R24 form a node. Resistor R24 ​​is grounded and connected to capacitor C8. The other end of capacitor C8 and resistor R22 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R21, supercapacitor SC3, and supercapacitor SC4 are connected.

[0049] Resistors R18, R20, and R23 form a node. Resistor R23 is grounded and is electrically connected to capacitor C7. The other end of capacitor C7 and resistor R20 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R18, supercapacitor SC4, and supercapacitor SC5 are connected.

[0050] Specifically, the voltage detection principle across supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, and SC5 is as follows: Voltage is divided by a sampling voltage divider resistor between the positive terminal and GND terminal of each supercapacitor. These voltages are then connected to the ports of the DSP chip in the main control circuit of the DSP chip for ADC reading and calculation. This allows for real-time calculation of the voltage across each supercapacitor. The voltage of each supercapacitor is then compared with its maximum voltage limit. Through software algorithms, overvoltage protection can be implemented for the supercapacitors, ensuring their safety and reliability during charging and discharging.

[0051] More specifically, the voltage acquisition across the supercapacitor SC1 includes resistors R26, R28, and R27, and capacitor C4. One end of resistor R26 is connected to the positive terminal of supercapacitor SC1, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R28. The other end of resistor R28 is then connected to GND. A voltage divider circuit between resistors R26 and R28 is connected to one end of resistor R27. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to capacitor C4 for filtering, and then connected to a port of the DSP chip. The DSP chip detects the voltage divider and calculates the voltage across the supercapacitor SC1. The actual voltage value; the voltage acquisition across the supercapacitor SC2 includes resistors R2, R10, R4, and capacitor C5. One end of resistor R2 is connected to the positive terminal of supercapacitor SC1, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R10. The other end of resistor R10 is connected to GND. The voltage divider circuit between resistors R2 and R10 is connected to one end of resistor R4. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to capacitor C5 for filtering, and then connected to a port of the DSP chip. The DSP chip detects the voltage divider voltage and then calculates the actual voltage value across supercapacitor SC2. The voltage acquisition across the supercapacitor SC3 includes resistors R13, R17, and R15, and capacitor C6. One end of resistor R13 is connected to the positive terminal of supercapacitor SC3, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R17. The other end of resistor R17 is then connected to GND. A voltage divider circuit between resistors R13 and R17 connects to one end of resistor R15. The other end of resistor R15 is connected to capacitor C6 for filtering, and then connected to a port of the DSP chip. The DSP chip detects the voltage divider and calculates the actual voltage value across supercapacitor SC3. The voltage acquisition across the supercapacitor SC4 includes resistors R21, R24, and R22, and capacitor C8. One end of resistor R21 is connected to the positive terminal of supercapacitor SC4, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R24. The other end of resistor R24 ​​is connected to GND. The voltage divider circuit between resistors R21 and R24 is connected to one end of resistor R22. The other end of resistor R22 is connected to capacitor C8 for filtering, and then connected to a port of the DSP chip. The DSP chip detects the voltage divider and then calculates the actual voltage value across supercapacitor SC4.The voltage acquisition across the supercapacitor SC5 includes resistors R18, R23, and R20, and capacitor C7. One end of resistor R18 is connected to the positive terminal of supercapacitor SC5, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R23. The other end of resistor R23 is connected to GND. A voltage divider circuit between resistors R18 and R23 is connected to one end of resistor R20. The other end of resistor R20 is connected to capacitor C7 for filtering, and then connected to a port of the DSP chip. The DSP chip detects the voltage divider and calculates the actual voltage value across supercapacitor SC5.

[0052] The above describes the voltage acquisition and detection circuit principle of supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, and SC5. It also includes the hardware components for voltage balancing of each supercapacitor: resistors R1, R3, R11, R16, and R19. Resistor R1 is connected in parallel with supercapacitor SC1, balancing its voltage. Resistor R3 is connected in parallel with supercapacitor SC2, balancing its voltage. Resistor R11 is connected in parallel with supercapacitor SC3, balancing its voltage. Resistor R16 is connected in parallel with supercapacitor SC4, balancing its voltage. Resistor R19 is connected in parallel with supercapacitor SC5, balancing its voltage.

[0053] Compared with existing technologies, the supercapacitor voltage detection and equalization principle described above offers advantages such as centralized control, high precision, and reduced hardware costs. It uses a single DSP chip to digitally detect the voltage across each capacitor in a series connection. Through software algorithms, it ensures that the supercapacitor does not exceed its operating voltage during charging, improving product reliability and safety while saving hardware costs. Existing technologies primarily involve adding a dedicated voltage acquisition chip for detection and an additional MCU for calculation and control, which reduces the real-time performance and reliability of voltage control and increases hardware costs.

[0054] In this embodiment, the supercapacitor temperature acquisition module includes a thermistor NTC1, a resistor R5, a diode D4, a thermistor NTC2, a diode D5, a resistor R6, a thermistor NTC3, a diode D6, a resistor R8, a thermistor NTC4, a diode D8, a resistor R9, a thermistor NTC5, a diode D7, a resistor R7, a resistor R14, and a capacitor C2. One end of the resistor R14 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, and the capacitor C2 forms a node. The other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R14 is connected to the cathodes of diodes D4, D5, D6, D8, and D7. The anode of the diode D4 is connected to the thermistor NTC1 and a resistor R5. The other end of the resistor R5 is grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC1 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip.

[0055] The anode of diode D5 is connected to thermistor NTC2 and resistor R6, with the other end of resistor R6 grounded. The other end of thermistor NTC2 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the DSP chip's main control circuit. The anode of diode D6 is connected to thermistor NTC3 and resistor R8, with the other end of resistor R8 grounded. The other end of thermistor NTC3 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the DSP chip's main control circuit. The anode of diode D8 is connected to thermistor NTC4 and resistor R9, with the other end of resistor R9 grounded. The other end of thermistor NTC4 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the DSP chip's main control circuit. The anode of diode D7 is connected to thermistor NTC5 and resistor R7, with the other end of resistor R7 grounded. The other end of thermistor NTC5 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the DSP chip's main control circuit.

[0056] Specifically, the principle of using a single DSP chip port to detect the body temperature of five supercapacitors is as follows: Negative temperature coefficient thermistors NTC1, NTC2, NTC3, NTC4, and NTC5, respectively attached to the bodies of supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, and SC5, collect the voltage values ​​corresponding to the temperature changes of each supercapacitor. These voltages are then divided by resistors R5, R6, R8, R9, and R7, and then isolated unidirectionally by diodes D4, D5, D6, D8, and D7. Finally, the voltages are converged, filtered by resistor R14 and capacitor C2, and then fed into a port of the DSP chip for ADC reading. A software algorithm then detects the highest temperature value among the five supercapacitors.

[0057] More specifically, one end of the thermistor NTC1 is connected to a reference voltage of 3.3V, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R5. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to GND for voltage division. The positive terminal of diode D4 is connected to the voltage divider circuit between the thermistor NTC1 and resistor R5, and the negative terminal of diode D4 is connected to one end of resistor R14. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to capacitor C2 for filtering, and then enters a port of the DSP chip for ADC voltage reading. The real-time temperature value of supercapacitor SC1 can be detected by software algorithm. One end of the thermistor NTC2 is connected to the reference voltage of 3.3V, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R6. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to GND for voltage division. The positive terminal of diode D5 is connected to the voltage divider circuit between thermistor NTC2 and resistor R6, and the negative terminal of diode D5 is connected to one end of resistor R14. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to capacitor C2 for filtering, and then enters a port of the DSP chip for ADC voltage reading. The real-time temperature value of supercapacitor SC2 can be detected by software algorithm. One end of thermistor NTC3 is connected to the reference voltage of 3.3V, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R8. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to GND for voltage division. The positive terminal of diode D6 is connected between thermistor NTC3 and resistor R8. The voltage divider circuit consists of diode D6, the negative terminal of which is connected to one end of resistor R14. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to capacitor C2 for filtering before entering a port of the DSP chip for ADC voltage reading. Software algorithms can detect the real-time temperature of supercapacitor SC3. One end of thermistor NTC4 is connected to a reference voltage of 3.3V, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R9. The other end of resistor R9 is connected to GND for voltage division. The positive terminal of diode D8 is connected to the voltage divider circuit between thermistor NTC4 and resistor R9. The negative terminal of diode D8 is connected to one end of resistor R14, and the other end of resistor R14 is connected to capacitor C2 for filtering before entering the DSP chip. One port of the DSP chip reads the voltage value via ADC. A software algorithm can then detect the real-time temperature value of the supercapacitor SC4. One end of the thermistor NTC5 is connected to a reference voltage of 3.3V, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R7. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to GND for voltage division. The positive terminal of diode D7 is connected to the voltage divider circuit between the thermistor NTC5 and resistor R7, and the negative terminal of diode D7 is connected to one end of resistor R14. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to capacitor C2 for filtering before entering a port of the DSP chip for ADC voltage reading. A software algorithm can then detect the real-time temperature value of the supercapacitor SC5.

[0058] Compared with existing technologies, the principle of using a single DSP chip port to detect the body temperature of five supercapacitors has the following advantages: It saves on the number of DSP chip ports used, allowing the use of DSP chips with fewer ports and reducing product hardware costs. Existing technologies use one MCU port to detect one temperature value. If the temperature of five supercapacitors is detected as in this example, it would require five ADC acquisition ports of the MCU, necessitating an MCU with multiple ADC ports, increasing product hardware costs. Furthermore, it improves the real-time accuracy of supercapacitor temperature detection, reduces the risk of overheating during supercapacitor use, and enhances product reliability and safety. This embodiment can detect the temperature values ​​of five supercapacitors in real time. Existing technologies detect the temperature values ​​of five supercapacitors using five ADC ports of the MCU. Since the MCU can only detect the temperature value of one port at a time, it requires a sequential detection method for each supercapacitor's temperature, which cannot detect the temperature of each supercapacitor in real time, increasing the risk of overheating and reducing product reliability and safety.

[0059] In this embodiment, the output short-circuit protection circuit includes resistors R74 and R72, transistor Q9, resistors R68 and R64, switching transistors Q1 and Q21, resistor R76, optocoupler J2, diode D24, and resistor R103. A 3.3V voltage is externally connected to the drain (D) of switching transistor Q1. The gate (G) of the switching transistor forms a node with resistors R64 and R68. The source (S) of switching transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of resistor R64, and the source (S) of switching transistor Q21 is also connected. Resistor R68 is connected to the collector (C) of transistor Q9, and the emitter (E) of transistor Q9 is grounded. The base (B) of transistor Q9 is connected to one end of resistor R74. The other end of resistor R74 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip sends a high-potential signal to resistor R74 when a short circuit is detected at both ends of the output clip. One end of resistor R72 is connected to the base (B) of transistor Q9. The other end is grounded; the drain of the switch Q2 is connected to resistor R76, the other end of resistor R76 is connected to end 1 of optocoupler J2, end 2 of optocoupler is connected to the anode of diode D24, the cathode of diode D24 is connected to resistor R103, the other end of resistor R103 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, end 4 of optocoupler is connected to resistors R77 and R80, the other end of resistor R77 is externally connected to 3.3V voltage, the other end of resistor R80 is connected to diode D21 and capacitor C48, resistor R80, the anode of diode D21, capacitor C48, and electronic switch U10 form a node, the other end of capacitor C48 is grounded, the cathode of diode D21 is externally connected to 3.3V voltage, and end 3 of optocoupler J2 is grounded.

[0060] Specifically, the output short-circuit protection circuit is as follows: Figure 3The hardware includes an enable circuit for output short-circuit detection, consisting of resistors R74 and R72, transistors Q9, R68, and R64, switching transistors Q1 and Q21, resistor R76, optocoupler J2, diode D24, and resistor R103. It also includes an electronic switch U10 that uses a DSP chip port to detect the supercapacitor's output voltage, switch between short-circuit and reverse-connection detection of the clips, and control the switching between these detections via software algorithms. This addresses the problem of insufficient detection port resources on the DSP chip and reduces energy loss during prolonged short circuits of the clips when additional functions are added.

[0061] More specifically, when the DSP chip outputs a short-circuit detection enable high potential, it is input through one end of resistor R74, and the other end of resistor R74 is connected to the base of transistor Q9. When transistor Q9 is saturated and conducting, current flows between the collector and emitter to GND. When the gate voltages of switches Q1 and Q21 decrease, their drain and source terminals conduct. The reference voltage of 3.3V flows from the drain to the source of switches Q1 and Q21, through resistor R76 to terminals 1 and 2 of optocoupler J2, and through diode D24 and resistor R103 to the positive terminal of the clip. If the positive and negative terminals of the output clip are short-circuited or the voltage between the positive and negative clips is lower than 0.2V, current flows through the internal LED of optocoupler J2, causing it to light up. The reference voltage of 3.3V flows through resistor R77 between pins 4 and 3 of optocoupler J2 to GND. The voltage across resistor R80 is low. This low voltage signal is connected to pin 1 of electronic switch U10 and simultaneously to a port of the DSP chip. The DSP chip detects the low voltage and, through a software algorithm, determines that a short circuit has occurred between the positive and negative terminals of the clip. When the circuit enters short-circuit protection mode, the supercapacitor will not ignite the car and will prompt the user that the clip has short-circuited and the fault needs to be resolved before starting the car. If there is no short circuit between the positive and negative terminals of the clip, and the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the clip is greater than 0.2V, the pins 3 and 4 of the optocoupler J2 are in an open circuit state, the voltage across resistor R80 is the reference voltage of 3.3V, the DSP chip detects the high voltage, and determines through software algorithm that the positive and negative terminals of the clip have been connected to the car's small battery. The supercapacitor then enters the car ignition mode and prompts the user to start the car. Compared with existing technologies, the principle of the short-circuit protection detection circuit using electronic switch U10 to collect clip output solves the problem of insufficient detection port resources of the DSP chip and reduces the energy consumption problem when the clip is short-circuited for a long time, when the DSP chip adds more functions for control.

[0062] In this embodiment, the output reverse connection protection circuit includes resistors R140, R99, R78, optocoupler J3, transistor Q27, resistor R110, diode D36, resistors R130, R79, R81, and capacitor C50. Resistor R99 is connected in parallel with resistor R140. One end of resistor R99 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, and the other end of resistor R99 is electrically connected to the base (b) of transistor Q27. The collector (c) of transistor Q27 is connected to resistor R110. One end of resistor R110 is connected to the anode of diode D36, and the other end of resistor R110... The negative terminal of the connector is connected to the clip. The cathode of diode D36 is connected to resistor R130, and the other end of resistor R130 is grounded. Terminal 1 of optocoupler J3 is electrically connected to resistor R78, and the other end of resistor R78 is connected to an external 5V voltage. Terminal 4 of optocoupler J3 is connected to resistors R79 and R81, and resistor R79 is connected to an external 3.3V voltage. Resistor R81 forms a node with capacitor C50, the anode of diode D22, and the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of capacitor C50 is grounded, the cathode of diode D22 is connected to an external 3.3V voltage, and terminal 3 of optocoupler J3 is grounded.

[0063] Specifically, the output reverse connection protection circuit is as follows: Figure 4 The system includes hardware resistors R140, R99, R78, optocoupler J3, transistor Q27, resistor R110, diode D36, resistor R130, resistor R79, resistor R81, and capacitor C50 for detecting reverse voltage when the positive and negative terminals of the clip are reversed and connected to a small car battery. It also includes an electronic switch U10 that uses a DSP chip port to detect the voltage across the clip, reverse connection detection, and short circuit detection. Software algorithms control the electronic switch U10 to switch between detecting the voltage across the clip, reverse connection detection, and short circuit detection. This addresses the problem of insufficient detection port resources on the DSP chip when more functions are added, and allows for the detection of lower reverse connection voltages greater than or equal to 0.7V.

[0064] More specifically, when the positive and negative terminals of the clip are connected in reverse to the positive and negative terminals of the car battery, the voltage of the car battery flows through resistors R140 and R99 to the base of transistor Q27, and then from the emitter through resistor R110 to form a current loop. The collector and emitter of transistor Q27 are connected, and the reference voltage of 5V flows through resistor R78 through pins 1 and 2 of optocoupler J3, through the collector and emitter of transistor Q27, through resistor R110, diode D36, and resistor R130 to GND to form a current loop. Pins 4 and 3 of optocoupler J3 are simultaneously connected, and the reference voltage of 3.3V is connected to GND through resistor R79 and pins 4 and 3 of optocoupler J3. The voltage across resistor R81 is a low voltage, which is then transferred to the lower voltage source. When the voltage signal is connected to PIN8 of electronic switch U10, the DSP chip detects a low voltage and determines through software algorithm that the positive and negative terminals of the clip are reverse-connected. It then enters reverse connection protection mode, the supercapacitor will not ignite the car, and the user will be prompted that the clip is reverse-connected and the fault needs to be resolved before starting the car. If the positive and negative terminals of the clip are not reverse-connected to the car's small battery, and the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the clip is greater than 0.2V, PIN3 and PIN4 of optocoupler J3 are open-circuited, the voltage across resistor R81 is the reference voltage of 3.3V, the DSP chip detects a high voltage, and through software algorithm, determines that the positive and negative terminals of the clip are connected to the car's small battery. The supercapacitor then enters car ignition mode and prompts the user to start the car.

[0065] Compared with existing technologies, the reverse connection protection detection circuit using electronic switch U10 to collect clip output solves the problem of insufficient detection port resources of DSP chip when more functions are added to the DSP chip, and can also detect reverse connection protection of low battery voltage greater than or equal to 0.7V.

[0066] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0067] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A digital supercapacitor fast-charging automotive starter controller, characterized in that, The system includes an external battery input reverse connection protection circuit, a bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit, a supercapacitor module, and a car start control circuit connected in sequence. The bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit is used to quickly charge the supercapacitor module. The supercapacitor module and the car start control circuit are connected to the external car battery. It also includes the main control circuit of the DSP chip, the battery input voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, the switching transistor drive circuit, the supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, and the Bluetooth / WIFI module used for software upgrades and connection to the mobile APP. The switching transistor drive circuit is connected to the bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost power conversion topology circuit, the battery input voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, the external battery input terminal reverse connection protection circuit, and the external tool battery pack form the first node, and the supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit is used to acquire the voltage / current and temperature signals of the supercapacitor module.

2. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control circuit of the DSP chip is connected to an output short-circuit protection circuit, an output reverse connection protection circuit, a button control circuit, a display module control circuit, a lighting module circuit, and a bidirectional PD charging module. The output short-circuit protection circuit and the output reverse connection protection circuit, together with the supercapacitor module, the car start control circuit, and the external car battery, form a second node. The bidirectional PD charging module, together with the external battery input reverse connection protection circuit and the bidirectional DC-DC step-up / step-down power conversion topology circuit, form a third node.

3. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 2, characterized in that, The button control circuit is connected to a standby and auxiliary power supply circuit, which is connected to the third node. The standby and auxiliary power supply circuit has three output terminals: VCC3.3V, VCC5V, and VCC15V. The VCC3.3V output terminal is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip and the Bluetooth / WIFI module, respectively. The VCC5V output terminal is connected to the display module control circuit, and the VCC15V output terminal is connected to the lighting module circuit.

4. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor module and vehicle starting control circuit include supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5, which are connected in series. The supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5 are also connected to a relay module and the positive terminal of a clip, and the supercapacitor SC5 is connected to the negative terminal of a clip.

5. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 4, characterized in that, The relay module includes relay K1 and relay K2, which are connected in parallel. Terminal 1 of relay K1 is connected to the supercapacitor SC1, terminal 2 of relay K1 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, and the drive coil of the relay is located between terminals 3 and 4. Terminal 3 of relay K1 is connected to the collector (c) of transistor Q1, and the base (b) of transistor Q1 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides high and low level signals to the base of transistor Q1. The emitter (e) of transistor Q1 is grounded, and terminal 4 of relay K1 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides 15V voltage to the drive coil of relay K1. Terminal 2 of relay K2 is connected to the supercapacitor SC1. Terminal 1 of relay K2 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip. The drive coil of relay K2 is located between terminals 4 and 3. Terminal 4 of relay K2 is connected to the collector (c) of transistor Q2. The base (b) of transistor Q2 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides high and low level signals to the base of transistor Q2. The emitter (e) of transistor Q2 is grounded. Terminal 3 of relay K2 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip provides 15V voltage to the drive coil of relay K2.

6. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 4, characterized in that, The supercapacitor voltage / current and temperature acquisition circuit includes a supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module and a supercapacitor temperature acquisition module. The supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module is used to detect the voltage across the supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5. The supercapacitor temperature acquisition module is used to detect the temperature of the supercapacitors SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5.

7. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 6, characterized in that, The supercapacitor voltage / current acquisition module includes resistors R26, R27, R28, R2, R4, R10, R13, R15, R17, R21, R22, R24, R18, R20, and R23. Resistors R27, R26, and R28 form a node. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, the other end of resistor R26 is connected to the supercapacitor SC1, and the other end of resistor R28 is grounded. Resistors R2, R4, and R10 form a node. Resistor R10 is grounded and electrically connected to capacitor C5. The other end of capacitor C5 and resistor R4 are both electrically connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R2, supercapacitor SC1, and supercapacitor SC2 are connected together. Resistors R13, R15, and R17 form a node. Resistor R17 is grounded and connected to capacitor C6. The other end of capacitor C6 and resistor R15 are both connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R13, supercapacitor SC3, and supercapacitor SC2 are connected together. Resistors R21, R22, and R24 form a node, with R24 grounded and connected to capacitor C8. The other end of capacitor C8, along with resistor R22, is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R21, supercapacitor SC3, and supercapacitor SC4 are connected together. Resistors R18, R20, and R23 form a node, with R23 grounded and connected to capacitor C7. The other end of capacitor C7, along with resistor R20, is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of resistor R18, supercapacitor SC4, and supercapacitor SC5 are connected together.

8. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 6, characterized in that, The supercapacitor temperature acquisition module includes a thermistor NTC1, a resistor R5, a diode D4, a thermistor NTC2, a diode D5, a resistor R6, a thermistor NTC3, a diode D6, a resistor R8, a thermistor NTC4, a diode D8, a resistor R9, a thermistor NTC5, a diode D7, a resistor R7, a resistor R14, and a capacitor C2. One end of the resistor R14 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip, and capacitor C2 forms a node. The other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R14 is connected to the cathodes of diodes D4, D5, D6, D8, and D7. The anode of diode D4 is connected to the thermistor NTC1 and the resistor R5. The other end of the resistor R5 is grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC1 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The anode of diode D5 is connected to the thermistor NTC2 and the resistor R6, with the other end of resistor R6 grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC2 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The anode of diode D6 is connected to the thermistor NTC3 and the resistor R8, with the other end of resistor R8 grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC3 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The anode of diode D8 is connected to the thermistor NTC4 and the resistor R9, with the other end of resistor R9 grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC4 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The anode of diode D7 is connected to the thermistor NTC5 and the resistor R7, with the other end of resistor R7 grounded. The other end of the thermistor NTC5 is connected to the 3.3V output terminal of the main control circuit of the DSP chip.

9. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output short-circuit protection circuit includes resistors R74 and R72, transistor Q9, resistors R68 and R64, switching transistors Q1 and Q21, resistor R76, optocoupler J2, diode D24, and resistor R103. The drain (D) of switching transistor Q1 is connected to an external 3.3V voltage. The gate (G) of the switching transistor forms a node with resistors R64 and R68. The source (S) of switching transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of resistor R64, and the source (S) of switching transistor Q21 is also connected. Resistor R68 is connected to the collector (C) of transistor Q9, and the emitter (E) of transistor Q9 is grounded. The base (B) of transistor Q9 is connected to one end of resistor R74. The other end of resistor R74 is connected to the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The main control circuit of the DSP chip sends a high-potential signal to resistor R74 when a short-term high-potential signal is detected. One end of resistor R72 is connected to the base (B) of transistor Q9. The other end is grounded; the drain of the switch Q2 is connected to the resistor R76, the other end of the resistor R76 is connected to one end of the optocoupler J2, the second end of the optocoupler is connected to the anode of the diode D24, the cathode of the diode D24 is connected to the resistor R103, the other end of the resistor R103 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, the fourth end of the optocoupler is connected to resistors R77 and R80, the other end of the resistor R77 is externally connected to a 3.3V voltage, the other end of the resistor R80 is connected to diode D21 and capacitor C48, the resistor R80, the anode of the diode D21, the capacitor C48, and the electronic switch U10 form a node, the other end of the capacitor C48 is grounded, the cathode of the diode D21 is externally connected to a 3.3V voltage, and the third end of the optocoupler J2 is grounded.

10. The vehicle starter controller for digital supercapacitor fast charging according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output reverse connection protection circuit includes resistors R140, R99, R78, optocoupler J3, transistor Q27, resistor R110, diode D36, resistors R130, R79, R81, and capacitor C50. Resistor R99 is connected in parallel with resistor R140. One end of resistor R99 is connected to the positive terminal of the clip, and the other end is connected to the base (b) of transistor Q27. The collector (c) of transistor Q27 is connected to resistor R110. One end of resistor R110 is connected to the anode of diode D36, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the clip. The cathode of diode D36 is connected to resistor R130, and the other end of resistor R130 is grounded. One end of optocoupler J3 is connected to resistor R78, and the other end of resistor R78 is connected to an external 5V voltage. The fourth end of optocoupler J3 is connected to resistors R79 and R81, and resistor R79 is connected to an external 3.3V voltage. Resistor R81 forms a node with capacitor C50, the anode of diode D22, and the main control circuit of the DSP chip. The other end of capacitor C50 is grounded, the cathode of diode D22 is connected to an external 3.3V voltage, and the third end of optocoupler J3 is grounded.

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