Super capacitor management unit and system capable of self-starting under ultra-low voltage

Abstract

The utility model discloses a super capacitor management unit capable of self-starting under ultra-low voltage, and belongs to the technical field of super capacitor management. Comprising an acquisition equalization circuit, a control communication circuit, a power supply circuit and a boost circuit. The booster circuit is connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the super capacitor and is used for taking power from the super capacitor and inputting the power into the power supply circuit after boosting; the power supply circuit takes power from the booster circuit and inputs the power to the acquisition equalization circuit and the control communication circuit to provide working power for the acquisition equalization circuit and the control communication circuit; one end of the acquisition equalization circuit is connected with the super capacitor, and the other end is connected with the control communication circuit. According to the utility model, the booster circuit is additionally arranged in the CMU topology, so that the Vthreshold can be greatly reduced, the monitoring blind area when the super-capacitor module is started from 0V is shortened, and the effect is more obvious under the scene that a plurality of super-capacitor modules are connected in series for use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of supercapacitor management technology, and in particular to a supercapacitor management unit and system that can self-start under ultra-low voltage. Background Technology

[0002] Power grids, industries, and transportation are gradually moving towards low energy consumption, low emissions, and low pollution. Supercapacitors (SCs), as a new generation of energy storage media, have many advantages, including high cycle life, short charge / discharge time, high power density, stable performance, and environmental friendliness, making them ideal for high-frequency, high-current rapid charge / discharge and energy buffering and reuse applications. However, in practical use, as the number of charge / discharge cycles increases, the differences in supercapacitor performance among individual cells within the supercapacitor module gradually increase, leading to a decline in overall module performance, reduced lifespan, and potential safety hazards. The main function of a Supercapacitor Management System (CMS) is to monitor various data such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SOC) of the supercapacitor, and to monitor the real-time operating status of each supercapacitor cell. This allows for the management, control, and protection of the supercapacitor, improving its lifespan, maintaining its stability, and enhancing its reliability.

[0003] The CMS comprises several components, among which the Capacitor Management Unit (CMU) is the key part for managing a supercapacitor module. The CMU monitors the status information of the supercapacitor module, performs equalization actions to maintain the balance of the units within the module, and communicates with other devices through a communication interface. Current CMUs typically consist of data acquisition and equalization circuitry, control and communication circuitry, and power supply circuitry, such as… Figure 1 As shown. The acquisition and equalization circuit is responsible for acquiring voltage, temperature, and other information from all individual cells within the overcapacitor module and performing equalization. The control and communication circuit is responsible for communicating with the main controller, receiving commands from the main controller, and transmitting the acquired voltage, temperature, and other data to the main controller. The power supply circuit draws power from the overcapacitor module and provides operating power to the acquisition and equalization circuit and the control and communication circuit. This structure means that the overcapacitor module starts charging from 0V. Before the module voltage (Vcap) reaches the minimum operating voltage (Vthreshold) of the power supply circuit, the voltage required for the acquisition and equalization circuit and the control and communication circuit to operate normally cannot be provided. The CMU can only operate normally when Vcap ≥ Vthreshold. Within the 0~Vthreshold range, there is a monitoring blind zone in the overcapacitor module. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the prior art, the utility model additionally increases a boost circuit in the CMU topology, which can significantly reduce the Vthreshold threshold and shorten the monitoring blind area when the supercapacitor module starts from 0V, and the effect is more obvious in the scenario of multiple supercapacitor modules connected in series.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides a supercapacitor management unit that can self-start at ultra-low voltage, including: a collection and equalization circuit, a control and communication circuit, a power supply circuit, and a boost circuit;

[0006] The boost circuit is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the supercapacitor, and is used to draw power from the supercapacitor, boost the voltage, and then input it into the power supply circuit;

[0007] After the power supply circuit draws power from the boost circuit, it inputs to the collection and equalization circuit and the control and communication circuit to provide working power for them;

[0008] One end of the collection and equalization circuit is connected to the supercapacitor, and the other end is connected to the control and communication circuit.

[0009] Furthermore, the control and communication circuit is connected to the upper computer through a CAN bus or a daisy chain.

[0010] Furthermore, when the supercapacitor voltage Vcap < the minimum operating voltage Vim of the boost circuit, the collection and equalization circuit, the control and communication circuit, the power supply circuit, and the boost circuit do not work;

[0011] When Vmin ≤ Vcap < Vthreshold, the boost circuit uses the boost function to raise Vboost above the minimum operating voltage Vthreshold of the power supply circuit, provides input for the power supply circuit, the power supply circuit supplies power to the collection and equalization circuit and the control and communication circuit, and the collection and equalization circuit and the control and communication circuit work normally;

[0012] When Vcap ≥ Vthreshold, the boost function of the boost circuit automatically turns off, and Vcap is directly output to the power supply circuit, and the collection and equalization circuit and the control and communication circuit work normally.

[0013] The utility model also provides a supercapacitor management system, including the supercapacitor management unit that can self-start at ultra-low voltage as described above.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0015] The utility model additionally increases a boost circuit in the CMU topology, which can significantly reduce the Vthreshold threshold and shorten the monitoring blind area when the supercapacitor module starts from 0V, and the effect is more obvious in the scenario of multiple supercapacitor modules connected in series. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the existing CMU topology structure of the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the topology structure of a supercapacitor management unit that can self-start under ultra-low voltage according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the topology structure of the boost circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the topology structure of the acquisition and balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] The present utility model will be further explained and described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] As Figure 2 shown, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a supercapacitor management unit that can self-start under ultra-low voltage, including: an acquisition and balancing circuit, a control and communication circuit, a power supply circuit, and a boost circuit.

[0022] The boost circuit is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the supercapacitor, and is used to draw power from the supercapacitor, boost the voltage, and then input it to the power supply circuit; after taking power from the boost circuit, the power supply circuit inputs it to the acquisition and balancing circuit and the control and communication circuit to provide working power for them; one end of the acquisition and balancing circuit is connected to the supercapacitor, and the other end is connected to the control and communication circuit, and is used for data acquisition and execution of balancing.

[0023] A possible example of the boost circuit is as Figure 3 shown. Through the boost function, the boost circuit can raise the input voltage to a certain value. Specifically:

[0024] When the supercapacitor voltage Vcap < the minimum operating voltage Vim of the boost circuit, the acquisition and balancing circuit, the control and communication circuit, the power supply circuit, and the boost circuit do not work.

[0025] When Vmin ≤ Vcap < Vthreshold, through the boost function, the boost circuit raises the output voltage Vboost above the minimum operating voltage Vthreshold of the power supply circuit to provide input for the power supply circuit, and the power supply circuit supplies power to the acquisition and balancing circuit and the control and communication circuit, and the acquisition and balancing circuit and the control and communication circuit work normally.

[0026] When Vcap ≥ Vthreshold, the boost function of the boost circuit is automatically turned off, and Vcap is directly output to the power supply circuit, and the acquisition and balancing circuit and the control and communication circuit work normally.

[0027] sThe data acquisition and equalization circuit collects information (voltage, temperature, etc.) from each individual cell of the supercapacitor. The circuit is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the sampling equalization circuit is generally composed of components such as AFE (Analog Front End) chip, sampling resistor, equalization resistor, and equalization MOSFET switch, and can communicate with the MCU control circuit through UART / SPI interface.

[0028] When the system needs to collect voltage and temperature data, the MCU sends a collection command to the AFE via the UART / SPI interface. The AFE's internal ADC measures the voltage and temperature of N cells and transmits the data back to the MCU via the UART / SPI interface.

[0029] When the system needs to perform equalization, the MCU sends an equalization command to the AFE via the UART / SPI interface. The AFE then closes the equalization MOSFET switch for the corresponding cell channel (which can be a standalone device or integrated within the AFE), discharging the cell through the equalization resistor. Once equalization is complete, the AFE disconnects the equalization MOSFET switch for the channel.

[0030] The control communication circuit is connected to the host computer via CAN bus or daisy chain to transmit data to the host computer and receive commands from the host computer.

[0031] The minimum voltage Vmin required for the boost circuit to operate normally is approximately 3V, which is much lower than Vthreshold (around 10V). Therefore, by adding a boost circuit, if the acquisition circuit acquires data from 16 modules, the monitoring blind zone of a single unit can be reduced from [0~0.625V] to [0~0.1875V].

[0032] This utility model embodiment also provides a supercapacitor management system, including the supercapacitor management unit described above that can self-start under ultra-low voltage.

[0033] The above detailed description further illustrates the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A supercapacitor management unit capable of self-starting under ultra-low voltage, characterized in that, Comprising: A collection equalization circuit, a control communication circuit, a power supply circuit, and a boost circuit; The boost circuit is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the super capacitor, and is used to draw power from the super capacitor, boost the voltage, and then input it into the power supply circuit; After the power supply circuit draws power from the boost circuit, it inputs to the collection equalization circuit and the control communication circuit to provide a working power supply for them; One end of the collection equalization circuit is connected to the super capacitor, and the other end is connected to the control communication circuit.

2. The supercap management unit that can self-start at ultra-low voltage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control communication circuit is connected to the upper computer through a CAN bus or a daisy chain.

3. The supercap management unit that can self-start at ultra-low voltage according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the voltage of the super capacitor Vcap < the minimum working voltage Vim of the boost circuit, the collection equalization circuit, the control communication circuit, the power supply circuit, and the boost circuit do not work; When Vmin ≤ Vcap < Vthreshold, the boost circuit uses the boost function to raise the output voltage Vboost above the minimum working voltage Vthreshold of the power supply circuit, provides input for the power supply circuit, the power supply circuit supplies power to the collection equalization circuit and the control communication circuit, and the collection equalization circuit and the control communication circuit work normally; When Vcap ≥ Vthreshold, the boost function of the boost circuit is automatically turned off, and Vcap is directly output to the power supply circuit, and the collection equalization circuit and the control communication circuit work normally.

4. A supercap management system, characterized by, Comprising the super capacitor management unit capable of self-starting at ultra-low voltage according to any one of claims 1-3.

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