Vision-based laser cutting system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a laser cutting system based on vision, and belongs to the field of laser equipment. A laser cutting system based on vision comprises a working platform, an output optical axis of a laser transmitter faces the upper surface of the working platform, a working box is arranged on the working platform, a convex ring is arranged at the bottom of the working box, a light-transmitting lens is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the convex ring, and a vision assembly is arranged in the working box. The working end of the visual assembly faces the light-transmitting lens, and air outlet holes are formed in the inner wall of the convex ring. According to the utility model, the visual assembly can be protected in advance, metal vapor can be intercepted, the dispersive light scattering effect caused by the sediment can be prevented, the image contrast can be improved, the feature recognition precision in the subsequent image processing can be prevented from being reduced, and the overheated gas in the working box can be replaced, so that the working efficiency can be improved. And therefore, heat quickly accumulated by the CCD camera during long-time operation can be dissipated, temperature rise can be prevented, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the CCD camera can be prevented from being reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser equipment technology, and in particular to a vision-based laser cutting system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern machining towards high precision and intelligence, traditional cutting processes can no longer meet the stringent requirements of precision manufacturing for processing quality and forming accuracy. Especially in advanced manufacturing fields such as aerospace and new energy equipment, the precision requirements for cutting complex curved surface components have reached sub-millimeter levels, which places higher demands on the intelligence level of CNC cutting systems. Current mainstream solutions employ 3D vision perception systems that integrate high-resolution CCD cameras and laser positioning modules, acquiring real-time three-dimensional shape data of the workpiece through multi-modal sensing fusion technology.

[0003] In the specific implementation process, the control system generates the optimal cutting path with sub-millimeter precision based on the three-dimensional point cloud data processing algorithm, and constructs a closed-loop feedback system through a high-precision displacement sensor to continuously monitor the deviation between the laser head's motion trajectory and the preset path, and uses an adaptive control algorithm to realize real-time dynamic compensation of the cutting trajectory.

[0004] However, in actual working conditions, especially when continuously processing high-reflectivity metal materials, the metal vapor generated during the high-temperature cutting process will form an oxide condensation layer on the lens surface. This deposit will cause a diffuse light scattering effect, reduce image contrast, and lead to a decrease in the accuracy of feature recognition in subsequent image processing. In addition, CCD cameras will accumulate heat rapidly during long-term operation, and the increased temperature will lead to a decrease in the CCD signal-to-noise ratio. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art where deposits cause diffuse light scattering effects, reducing image contrast, and the CCD camera's signal-to-noise ratio decreases due to increased temperature. Therefore, a vision-based laser cutting system is proposed.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A vision-based laser cutting system includes a work platform with a laser emitter mounted on it. The output optical axis of the laser emitter faces the upper surface of the work platform. A work box is mounted on the work platform, with a convex ring at the bottom of the work box. A light-transmitting lens is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the convex ring. A vision component is mounted inside the work box, with its working end facing the light-transmitting lens. An air outlet is formed on the inner wall of the convex ring, with the air outlet venting towards the opening of the convex ring to form an air curtain. A negative pressure mechanism is mounted on the work box, with its two connecting ends connected to the inner cavity of the work box and the air outlet, respectively.

[0008] To facilitate the delivery of gas within the working box cavity, preferably, the negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure pump fixedly connected to the top of the working box. The input end of the negative pressure pump is connected to the working box cavity via an air inlet pipe, and the output end of the negative pressure pump is connected to an air outlet via an air outlet pipe.

[0009] To facilitate the delivery of gas through the outlet pipe, a diversion channel is further provided inside the convex ring, the air outlet is connected to the diversion channel, and the outlet pipe is connected to the diversion channel.

[0010] To facilitate the dissipation and transportation of hot air within the placement chamber, the working box cavity is further divided into a filter chamber and a placement chamber by a partition. The top of the working box has an air inlet that communicates with the filter chamber. The vision component is placed inside the placement chamber. The filter chamber and the placement chamber are connected by a connecting pipe. A filter element is installed inside the filter chamber.

[0011] To facilitate the interception of impurities in the air, preferably, the top of the working box is snapped with an interception net, which is set on the air inlet.

[0012] Furthermore, the vision component includes a CCD camera, on which a vision lens is disposed.

[0013] To improve the light transmission effect of the light-transmitting lens, preferably, the light-transmitting lens is provided with an outer quartz protective layer and an inner filter layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle between the airflow axis of the air curtain and the plane of the light-transmitting lens ranges from 20° to 45°.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this utility model provides a vision-based laser cutting system with the following advantages:

[0016] 1. This vision-based laser cutting system can protect the vision components in advance through a light-transmitting lens, preventing the metal vapor generated by the laser emitter during the high-temperature cutting process from directly adhering to the lens surface of the CCD camera and vision lens, thereby preventing the formation of an oxide condensation layer on the lens surface.

[0017] 2. This vision-based laser cutting system replaces the overheated gas inside the cavity by delivering the material to the air outlet, thereby dissipating the heat that accumulates rapidly during long-term operation of the CCD camera, preventing the temperature from rising and the signal-to-noise ratio of the CCD camera from decreasing.

[0018] 3. This vision-based laser cutting system forms an air curtain by delivering gas toward the opening end of the convex ring, which intercepts the metal vapor and prevents the deposit from causing diffuse light scattering effect, thereby improving image contrast and preventing a decrease in feature recognition accuracy in subsequent image processing.

[0019] The parts of this device not described herein are the same as or can be implemented using existing technologies. This utility model can provide pre-protection for the vision components and deliver gas toward the opening end of the convex ring to form an air curtain, intercepting metal vapor and thus preventing such deposits from causing diffuse light scattering effects, improving image contrast, preventing a decrease in feature recognition accuracy in subsequent image processing, and also replacing the overheated gas inside the working box, thereby dissipating the heat that will accumulate rapidly during long-term operation of the CCD camera, preventing temperature rise, and preventing a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of the CCD camera. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural diagram of the working box of a vision-based laser cutting system proposed in this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second-view structure of the working box of a vision-based laser cutting system proposed in this utility model.

[0022] Figure 3 This invention presents a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a vision-based laser cutting system. Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 4 This invention presents a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a vision-based laser cutting system. Figure 2 .

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Working box; 2. Partition; 3. CCD camera; 4. Vision lens; 5. Transmitting lens; 6. Convex ring; 7. Air outlet; 8. Negative pressure pump; 801. Air inlet pipe; 802. Air outlet pipe; 9. Connecting pipe; 10. Filter element; 11. Interception net; 12. Working platform; 13. Laser emitter. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0027] Example:

[0028] Reference Figures 1-4A vision-based laser cutting system includes a work platform 12, on which a laser emitter 13 is mounted. The output optical axis of the laser emitter 13 faces the upper surface of the work platform 12. A driving mechanism is mounted on the work platform 12 to drive the laser emitter 13 to move in the X, Y, and Z directions. The driving mechanism includes two linear motor modules (such as a first linear motor and a second linear motor), arranged parallel to each other along the X and Y directions of the work platform 12, respectively. A ball screw drive system is mounted on the motors. A ball screw is connected via a coupling to drive the laser emitter 13, enabling X-axis and Y-axis movement. A lifting module is also installed on the coupling, using screw transmission to adjust the vertical height of the laser emitter 13, achieving three-axis movement to accommodate workpieces of varying thicknesses. A working box 1 is mounted on the drive unit, with a protruding ring 6 at its bottom. The bottom of the protruding ring 6 has an opening, and a light-transmitting lens 5 is fixedly connected to its inner wall. A vision component is housed inside the working box 1, with its working end facing... The aforementioned visual components, including a CCD camera 3 and a visual lens 4, are connected to the light-transmitting lens 5. The light-transmitting lens 5 provides pre-protection for the visual components, preventing the metal vapor generated by the laser emitter 13 during high-temperature cutting from directly adhering to the lens surfaces of the CCD camera 3 and the visual lens 4, thereby preventing the formation of an oxide condensation layer on the lens surface. Furthermore, an air outlet 7 is provided on the inner wall of the convex ring 6, with the air outlet 7 venting towards the opening end of the convex ring 6 to form an air curtain. A negative pressure mechanism is provided on the working box 1, with its two connecting ends connected to the inner cavity of the working box 1 and the air outlet 7, respectively. When the negative pressure mechanism is activated, the gas in the cavity of the working box 1 is transported to the air outlet 7 through the negative pressure mechanism, thereby dissipating the heat generated by the visual components in the cavity of the working box 1. At the same time, the gas can be transported to the air outlet 7 and form an air curtain towards the opening end of the convex ring 6 to intercept the metal vapor, thereby preventing such deposits from causing diffuse light scattering effects, improving image contrast, and preventing a decrease in feature recognition accuracy in subsequent image processing.

[0029] In the above scheme, the light-transmitting lens 5 can protect the vision components in advance, preventing the metal vapor generated by the laser emitter 13 during high-temperature cutting from directly adhering to the lens surfaces of the CCD camera 3 and the vision lens 4, thereby preventing the formation of an oxide condensation layer on the lens surface. When the negative pressure mechanism is activated, the gas in the cavity of the working box 1 will be transported to the air outlet 7 through the negative pressure mechanism, thereby dissipating the heat generated by the vision components in the cavity of the working box 1. It can be transported to the air outlet 7 and form an air curtain towards the opening end of the convex ring 6 to intercept the metal vapor, thereby preventing such deposits from causing diffuse light scattering effects, improving image contrast, preventing the decrease in feature recognition accuracy in subsequent image processing, and also dissipating the heat that the CCD camera will rapidly accumulate during long-term operation, preventing the temperature from rising and preventing the signal-to-noise ratio of the CCD camera from decreasing.

[0030] The aforementioned negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure pump 8 fixedly connected to the top of the working box 1. The input end of the negative pressure pump 8 is connected to the cavity of the working box 1 through an air inlet pipe 801, and the output end of the negative pressure pump 8 is connected to the air outlet 7 through an air outlet pipe 802. A filter chamber and a placement chamber are separated within the cavity of the working box 1 by a partition 2. An air inlet communicating with the filter chamber is opened at the top of the working box 1. The visual component is placed in the placement chamber. The filter chamber and the placement chamber are connected by a connecting pipe 9. A filter element 10 is installed in the filter chamber, and the filter element 10 can purify the air entering the filter chamber. The first interception reduces the amount of dust entering the placement chamber. At the same time, an interception net 11 is snapped onto the top of the working box 1. The interception net 11 is set on the air inlet to intercept the air entering the filter chamber for the first time, preventing large impurities from entering. When the negative pressure pump 8 is started, the air inlet pipe 801 will generate negative pressure in the working box 1, which will cause the gas to enter the filter chamber through the air inlet and then enter the placement chamber through the connecting pipe 9 to replace the overheated gas inside, achieving the effect of heat dissipation. At the same time, the heat-exchanged gas is delivered to the air outlet 7 through the air outlet pipe 802.

[0031] It should be explained that a diversion channel is provided inside the convex ring 6, the air outlet 7 is connected to the diversion channel, the air outlet pipe 802 is connected to the diversion channel, and the angle between the airflow axis of the air curtain and the plane of the light-transmitting lens 5 is in the range of 20°-45°. The angle used in this device is 30°. When the angle between the airflow axis and the plane of the lens is 30°, the coverage area of ​​the air curtain on the processing area increases, thereby ensuring that the generated air curtain effectively wraps the laser action area.

[0032] The light-transmitting lens 5 is provided with an outer quartz protective layer and an inner filter layer. The outer quartz protective layer has an ultra-high melting point and a low coefficient of thermal expansion, which can withstand the high temperature impact (500°C) and molten slag splash during laser processing, thus significantly extending the service life of the light-transmitting lens 5. The inner filter layer achieves high transmittance at a specific wavelength through a special coating technology, thereby improving the imaging signal-to-noise ratio.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A vision-based laser cutting system, comprising a work platform (12), wherein a laser emitter (13) is disposed on the work platform (12), the output optical axis of the laser emitter (13) facing the upper surface of the work platform (12), characterized in that, The work platform (12) is equipped with a work box (1). The bottom of the working box (1) is provided with a convex ring (6), and a light-transmitting lens (5) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the convex ring (6). A vision component is provided inside the working box (1), and the working end of the vision component faces the light-transmitting lens (5). An air outlet (7) is opened on the inner wall of the convex ring (6), and the air outlet (7) is directed towards the opening end of the convex ring (6) to form an air curtain. A negative pressure mechanism is provided on the working box (1), and the two connecting ends of the negative pressure mechanism are respectively connected to the inner cavity of the working box (1) and the air outlet (7).

2. The vision-based laser cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure pump (8) fixedly connected to the top of the working box (1). The input end of the negative pressure pump (8) is connected to the cavity of the working box (1) through an air inlet pipe (801), and the output end of the negative pressure pump (8) is connected to the air outlet (7) through an air outlet pipe (802).

3. The vision-based laser cutting system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A diversion channel is provided inside the convex ring (6), the air outlet (7) is connected to the diversion channel, and the air outlet pipe (802) is connected to the diversion channel.

4. The vision-based laser cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working box (1) is divided into a filter chamber and a placement chamber by a partition (2). The top of the working box (1) has an air inlet that communicates with the filter chamber. The vision component is placed in the placement chamber. The filter chamber and the placement chamber are connected by a connecting pipe (9). The filter chamber is equipped with a filter element (10).

5. A vision-based laser cutting system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top of the working box (1) is connected to an intercepting net (11), which is set on the air inlet.

6. The vision-based laser cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vision component includes a CCD camera (3) and a vision lens (4) is provided on the CCD camera (3).

7. A vision-based laser cutting system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The light-transmitting lens (5) is provided with an outer quartz protective layer and an inner filter layer.

8. A vision-based laser cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the airflow axis of the air curtain and the plane of the light-transmitting lens (5) is 20°-45°.

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