Intelligent goaf fire preventing and extinguishing system based on gravity layering

Abstract

The utility model discloses an intelligent goaf fire preventing and extinguishing system based on gravity layering, and relates to the technical field of goaf fire preventing and extinguishing. Comprising a control system, a monitoring system and a gas source supply system, the gas source supply system is located on the ground, the CO2 gas source supply system is connected with a first pipeline, the other end of the first pipeline is connected to the position, close to a bottom plate, of an underground working face roadway and connected with a CO2 conveying pipeline, and the N2 gas source supply system is connected with a second pipeline. The other end of the second pipeline is connected to the position, close to a top plate, of an underground working face roadway and connected with an N2 conveying pipeline, the monitoring system comprises a plurality of CO concentration detectors, the CO concentration detectors are arranged behind a coal face support, and the CO concentration changes are monitored in real time through the CO concentration detectors. According to the utility model, the technical problems of blind area coverage and insufficient inerting effect in the prior art are solved, and the safety and reliability of fire prevention and extinguishing in the underground goaf of the coal mine are improved.

Description

A gravity-based intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fire prevention and extinguishing technology in goaf areas, specifically to an intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification. Background Technology

[0002] In underground coal mining operations, spontaneous combustion in goaf areas remains a core challenge threatening safe production. Due to the unique structure of geological cavities, gas and carbon monoxide continuously seep and accumulate. Combined with the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of fractured coal, existing prevention and control systems face significant technical bottlenecks. While traditional modular hydraulic supports can provide phased support, the periodic withdrawal of these supports causes overburden fracturing, creating sealed cavities and exacerbating the accumulation of harmful gases. Conventional single inert gas injection methods suffer from low diffusion efficiency (CO2 surface coverage radius is only 3-5m) and uneven distribution (N2 is easily lost with air leakage), making it difficult to establish a comprehensive inertization barrier.

[0003] Currently, the main prevention and control technologies in existing technologies include:

[0004] Application No. 201410082388.4 discloses a method and protection system for pre-burying inert gas pipelines in coal mine roadways. By pre-burying pipelines in the goaf area, when the concentration of methane and carbon monoxide in the relatively sealed space formed by the collapse of the goaf is detected to exceed the standard, an inert gas device will be automatically activated. Multiple sets of jet pipes are pre-buried in the intermittent horizontal pipe fittings in the goaf to inject inert gas into the dangerous area. With the injection of inert gas, and the gas in the dangerous area being treated by the inert gas source sent through the coal mine methane emission pipeline system, the concentration of flammable gases in the sealed space of the collapsed goaf is reduced to a safe range. This achieves inerting protection for multiple sealed spaces in the coal mine goaf, enabling simultaneous coal mining operations and goaf inerting protection.

[0005] Application No. 202421022728.X discloses a safety device for preventing spontaneous combustion. The device includes a housing, inside which is installed a gas replenishment assembly. This assembly includes a water storage chamber, a gas storage chamber, an air inlet pipe, a DN40 air constant pressure valve, a contact switch valve, an air inlet control valve, an exhaust control valve, a gas delivery pipe, a limiting ring, a sealing sleeve, a top rod, and a float. By incorporating the gas replenishment assembly, when the goaf in a coal mine is under negative pressure during water drainage operations, the air inlet control valve, the DN40 air constant pressure valve, and the exhaust control valve are activated. This continuously injects inert gas into the air storage chamber and the gas delivery pipe, causing the inert gas to fill the goaf. This transforms the passive entry of air into the goaf into automatic entry of inert gas through this device, changing the prevention of goaf fires from passive to proactive, thus improving the overall fire prevention and extinguishing safety of the coal mine goaf.

[0006] Existing technologies have achieved proactive gas control through device innovation, but the following technical bottlenecks remain: a lack of detailed research on the diffusion patterns of inert gases leads to blind spots in spatial coverage; a single gas injection mode is difficult to adapt to the vertical zonation characteristics of goaf areas, easily forming an oxygen-combustible gas mixture layer at the bottom; and airflow disturbances exacerbate gas mixing, weakening the local inerting effect. Therefore, constructing a precise gas control system based on multi-physics coupling remains a key direction for improving the disaster prevention and control capabilities of goaf areas. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification. This system dynamically adjusts the gas stratification ratio through the spatial structure of the goaf area, realizes multi-gas collaborative injection, and performs real-time monitoring. This completely solves the problems of blind spots and insufficient inerting effect in existing technologies, thereby improving the safety and reliability of fire prevention and extinguishing in underground goaf areas of coal mines.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] An intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf based on gravity stratification, comprising a control system, a monitoring system, and a gas supply system;

[0010] The gas supply system is located on the ground and includes a CO2 gas supply system and an N2 gas supply system;

[0011] The CO2 gas supply system is connected to a pipeline, the other end of which is connected to a CO2 conveying pipeline near the bottom of the underground working face roadway. A valve is installed on the pipeline, and a linkage regulating valve and a CO concentration sensor are installed on the CO2 conveying pipeline.

[0012] The N2 gas supply system is connected to a second pipeline. The other end of the second pipeline is connected to the roadway near the roof of the underground working face and is connected to an N2 delivery pipeline. A second valve is installed on the second pipeline, and a second linkage regulating valve and a second CO concentration sensor are installed on the N2 delivery pipeline.

[0013] The monitoring system includes a CO concentration detector, and several CO concentration detectors are installed and arranged behind the coal mining face support to monitor changes in CO concentration in real time.

[0014] The control system is connected to the drilling rig and is used to execute the instructions provided by the monitoring system. When the monitoring system detects that the CO concentration exceeds the standard, the control system controls the drilling rig to drill holes and injects CO2 and N2 into the roadway simultaneously through the CO2 gas supply system and the N2 gas supply system, and controls the CO concentration within a safe range.

[0015] The aforementioned intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf based on gravity stratification has two CO2 conveying pipelines installed on one side of the coal pillar near the floor of the underground working face roadway, forming an alternating gas supply mode.

[0016] The aforementioned intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf based on gravity stratification has two N2 conveying pipelines installed on one side of the coal pillar near the roof of the underground working face roadway, forming an alternating gas supply mode.

[0017] The aforementioned intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification includes a control system that controls the opening or closing of valve one and valve two.

[0018] The aforementioned intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification defines CO concentration exceeding the standard as a CO concentration greater than 24 ppm.

[0019] The aforementioned intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification includes a heat dissipation zone, an oxidation zone, and an asphyxiation zone. The first linkage regulating valve and the first CO concentration sensor, as well as the second linkage regulating valve and the second CO concentration sensor, are all located in the heat dissipation zone.

[0020] The aforementioned intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification includes two linkage regulating valves: valve body, valve seat, valve core, valve stem, actuator, and sealing device. The valve stem connects the valve core and the actuator, which receives signals from the control system and converts them into corresponding mechanical motion to drive the valve stem and valve core.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention brings the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] This invention proposes an intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification. It utilizes a ground-based CO2 gas supply system and an N2 gas supply system. Carbon dioxide is delivered to the underground working face roadway near the floor via pipeline one, and nitrogen is delivered to the underground working face roadway near the roof via pipeline two. The system utilizes CO2 (density 1.98 kg / m³). 3 Gravity sinking characteristics, mainly covering the floating coal area at the bottom of the goaf; N2 (density 1.25kg / m³) 3 The CO concentration sensor occupies the upper and middle space, forming a stable inert layer and constructing a multi-layered gas protection barrier to achieve spatial stratified inertization. Real-time feedback and dynamic adjustment of the gas ratio are achieved through CO concentration sensor one and linkage regulating valve one, and CO concentration sensor two and linkage regulating valve two. When the CO concentration exceeds a set threshold (e.g., 7%), the gas injection volume in the corresponding area is automatically increased to improve inertization efficiency, realizing dynamic monitoring and intelligent control of the system. Vertical downward injection at the top suppresses N2 buoyancy, while vertical upward injection at the bottom promotes CO2 diffusion, improving gas distribution uniformity and achieving directional injection to enhance diffusion. Through the linkage mechanism between the CO concentration detector and the drilling rig, localized high-concentration CO areas can be quickly identified and addressed to prevent the spread of fire hazards, achieving a flexible response and rapid intervention mechanism for the system. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf based on gravity stratification according to this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 is a top view of the intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf based on gravity stratification of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the drilling state of the intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf based on gravity stratification of this utility model.

[0027] In the picture:

[0028] 1. CO2 gas supply system; 2. N2 gas supply system; 3. Valve 1; 4. Valve 2; 5. Pipeline 1; 6. Pipeline 2; 7. N2 delivery pipeline; 8. Linkage regulating valve 2; 9. CO concentration sensor 2; 10. Gas injection port 1; 11. CO2 delivery pipeline; 12. Linkage regulating valve 1; 13. CO concentration sensor 1; 14. Gas injection port 2; 15. Gas delivery pipeline 1; 16. Gas delivery pipeline 2; 17. Coal mining face support; 18. CO concentration detector; 19. Drilling rig; 20. Gas delivery pipeline 3. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This utility model proposes an intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification. To make the advantages and technical solutions of this utility model clearer and more explicit, the following describes this utility model in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0030] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, this utility model discloses an intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification, comprising a control system, a monitoring system, and a gas supply system. Figure 1 shows the goaf area as a heat dissipation zone, an oxidation zone, and an asphyxiation zone. The second linkage regulating valve 8, the second CO concentration sensor 9, the first linkage regulating valve 12, and the first CO concentration sensor 13 are all located in the heat dissipation zone. The oxidation zone in Figure 1 also shows gas injection ports 10 and 14. When the CO concentration in the goaf area exceeds the standard, inert gas is injected through gas injection ports 10 and 14. Figure 2 shows gas delivery pipeline 15, gas delivery pipeline 2, coal face support 17, CO concentration detector 18, the first linkage regulating valve 12, and the first CO concentration sensor 13.

[0031] The purpose of the control system is to judge the information fed back by the monitoring system and issue instructions to enable the drilling rig 19 to start drilling operations and to lay out the gas delivery pipeline 20, which simultaneously injects CO2 and N2 into it through the CO2 gas supply system 1 and the N2 gas supply system 2.

[0032] The gas supply system is located on the ground and includes a CO2 gas supply system and an N2 gas supply system, which are used to provide CO2 and N2 respectively.

[0033] The CO2 gas supply system is connected to pipe 5, the other end of which is connected to the underground working face roadway near the floor and to CO2 delivery pipe 11. A valve 3 is installed on pipe 5. A linkage regulating valve 12 and a CO concentration sensor 13 are installed on the CO2 delivery pipe. Valve 3 is controlled to open or close by a control system. The N2 gas supply system is connected to pipe 6, the other end of which is connected to the underground working face roadway near the roof and to N2 delivery pipe 7. A valve 4 is installed on pipe 6. A linkage regulating valve 8 and a CO concentration sensor 9 are installed on the N2 delivery pipe. Valve 4 is controlled to open or close by a control system.

[0034] The monitoring system includes several CO concentration detectors 18, which are arranged behind the coal face support 17. These detectors monitor CO concentration changes in real time to promptly detect abnormalities and trigger emergency response mechanisms.

[0035] The control system is connected to the drilling rig and is used to execute the instructions provided by the monitoring system. When the monitoring system detects that the CO concentration exceeds the standard, the control system controls the drilling rig to drill holes and injects CO2 and N2 into the roadway simultaneously through the CO2 gas supply system and the N2 gas supply system, and controls the CO concentration within a safe range.

[0036] The aforementioned intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf based on gravity stratification involves two CO2 delivery pipelines located near the floor of the underground working face roadway, on one side of the coal pillar. These two CO2 delivery pipelines operate in an alternating gas supply mode. The CO2 delivery pipeline located at the top of the roadway operates alternately with the two CO2 delivery pipelines distributed on the right side of the roadway. As the coal face advances, the oxidation zone also advances. Therefore, two CO2 delivery pipelines, denoted as CO2 delivery pipeline C and CO2 delivery pipeline D, are respectively installed at the top of the roadway, near the coal pillar. The purpose is to cut off the currently non-operating CO2 delivery pipeline C at the oxidation zone when the oxidation zone advances, while stopping the operating CO2 delivery pipeline D and starting CO2 delivery pipeline C. As the oxidation zone advances, CO2 delivery pipeline D is cut off at the oxidation zone. At this point, the working CO2 delivery pipeline C is stopped, and CO2 delivery pipeline D is started. This creates an alternating operation of CO2 delivery pipelines C and D, ensuring that inert gas is always injected into the oxidation zone as the coal mining face advances.

[0037] The aforementioned intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification includes two N2 delivery pipelines located near the roof of the underground working face roadway, on one side of the coal pillar. These two N2 delivery pipelines operate in an alternating gas supply mode. The two N2 delivery pipelines located on the roadway roof operate alternately. As the coal face advances, the oxidation zone also advances. Therefore, two N2 delivery pipelines, designated N2 delivery pipeline A and N2 delivery pipeline B, are respectively installed on the roadway roof near the coal pillar. The purpose is to interrupt the operation of N2 delivery pipeline A (which is not currently in operation) at the oxidation zone when the oxidation zone advances, while stopping the operation of N2 delivery pipeline B and starting N2 delivery pipeline A. As the oxidation zone advances, N2 delivery pipeline B is cut off at the oxidation zone. At this point, the working N2 delivery pipeline A is stopped, and N2 delivery pipeline B is started and begins operation, forming an alternating operation of N2 delivery pipeline A and N2 delivery pipeline B to ensure that inert gas is always injected into the oxidation zone as the coal mining face advances.

[0038] This invention proposes an intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification. This system rationally utilizes the density difference between nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (Δρ = 0.73 kg / m³). 3 This creates a stable gas stratification structure within the goaf of an underground coal mine, thus achieving efficient inerting protection. Specifically, CO2, due to its high density (1.98 kg / m³), provides effective inerting protection. 3 Under the influence of gravity, it naturally sinks and deposits at the bottom of the goaf, effectively covering the area of ​​floating coal accumulation and inhibiting the oxidation reaction of the coal; N2 has a relatively low density (1.25 kg / m³). 3 ), close to the density of air (1.29 kg / m³). 3 In the upper part of the goaf, the gas diffuses and mixes with the air to form a relatively stable inert gas layer, further isolating oxygen and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion. The system uses N2 delivery pipelines located at the top of the roadway and CO2 delivery pipelines located at the bottom of the roadway, along with CO concentration sensors 1 and 2, and linkage regulating valves 1 and 2. Data is transmitted in real-time to the control system at the ground control center via a wired network. Using a preset algorithm model and considering the migration patterns of the oxidation zone, the system automatically generates a zoned gas ratio scheme. The linkage regulating valves can adjust the gas flow rate in each zone in real-time based on monitoring data. When the CO concentration exceeds the limit, the system automatically locates the exceeding area, controls the drilling rig to perform directional drilling through a preset program, and guides the corresponding gas delivery pipeline to quickly connect, simultaneously initiating a local enhanced inerting program. This achieves real-time monitoring of oxygen concentration within the goaf and dynamic control of gas injection, thereby constructing a multi-gradient, spatially layered inert gas protection barrier.

[0039] The following is a detailed description of the specific usage process of the fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas according to this utility model.

[0040] Step 1: Preliminary inspection. Ensure that the ground CO2 gas supply system, N2 gas supply system, valve 1 and valve 2 are in the open position, and ensure that CO concentration sensor 1 and CO concentration sensor 2 are working properly.

[0041] Step 2: Continuously collect oxygen concentration data at different heights in the goaf using CO concentration sensor 1 and CO concentration sensor 2. When the CO concentration at any monitoring point exceeds a preset safety threshold (e.g., 7%), immediately trigger the linkage control mechanism to start gas injection in the corresponding area.

[0042] Step 3: The control system automatically detects whether CO concentration sensor 1, CO concentration sensor 2, linkage regulating valve 1, and linkage regulating valve 2 are in normal open and closed states, ensuring that the gas flow rate and injection intensity can be adjusted in a timely manner according to changes in oxygen concentration.

[0043] Step 4: Inject N2 into the N2 delivery pipeline at the top of the roadway to suppress the upward floating trend of N2 and enhance its coverage in the middle and upper space; inject CO2 into the CO2 delivery pipeline at the bottom of the roadway to improve the diffusion efficiency of CO2 into the goaf and strengthen the inerting effect on the bottom floating coal area.

[0044] Step 5: When the monitoring system reports that the oxygen concentration in a certain area has dropped below the safety threshold, the control system automatically closes the valve corresponding to that area, stops gas injection, and enters a low-energy standby state, thereby achieving energy-saving and efficient precise inerting control.

[0045] Step Six: If a CO concentration detector behind a coal mining support detects an abnormally high CO concentration in a localized area, it indicates that the area may have a tendency for spontaneous combustion of the coal or that initial combustion has already occurred. At this point, the system automatically triggers the emergency response procedure:

[0046] (1) The drilling rig quickly locates the area exceeding the standard and performs drilling operations in that area;

[0047] (2) Install N2 delivery pipelines and CO2 delivery pipelines in the borehole respectively;

[0048] (3) Simultaneous injection of N2 and CO2 creates a local high-concentration inert gas environment, which quickly suppresses the rising trend of CO concentration and prevents the fire from spreading.

[0049] Through the above-mentioned operating mechanism, this utility model achieves efficient inertization protection of the entire goaf area and rapid intervention in local hot spots, significantly improving the safety, reliability and intelligence level of the underground fire prevention and extinguishing system in coal mines.

[0050] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model and its practical application effects, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] Step 1: Before the system is put into use, operators must conduct a comprehensive inspection of the surface N2 and CO2 gas sources to ensure that their gas supply capacity is stable and leak-free; at the same time, confirm that surface valve 1, valve 2, and all underground control valves can be opened and closed normally. In addition, the N2 and CO2 delivery pipelines located in the underground roadways must be tested for sealing, and the CO concentration sensors and linkage regulating valves installed on the pipelines must be calibrated to ensure their response sensitivity and control accuracy.

[0053] Step 2: Based on the spatial structure characteristics of the goaf and the fire prevention and extinguishing requirements, the linkage trigger threshold of the oxygen concentration monitoring system is set to 7%. This threshold balances fire prevention and extinguishing effectiveness with gas resource consumption, ensuring safety while avoiding unnecessary gas waste.

[0054] Step 3: After opening valves one and two, the system enters automatic monitoring and control mode. When the CO concentration sensor detects that the CO concentration in a certain area of ​​the goaf exceeds the set threshold, the control system immediately initiates the vector injection program, injecting nitrogen through the top N2 delivery pipeline and carbon dioxide through the bottom CO2 delivery pipeline. Under the synergistic effect of the two media gases, rapid inerting treatment of the target area is achieved. Field tests have verified that the system can effectively reduce the oxygen concentration in the excessive area to within a safe range within 120 seconds.

[0055] Step 4: As the coal face advances, the spatial structure of the goaf undergoes continuous changes. This system has an adaptive adjustment function, which can dynamically adjust the gas injection parameters and coverage area according to the goaf collapse process and changes in the location of the oxidation zone, ensuring that the entire goaf area maintains a good inert state at all times, and achieving effective protection throughout the entire area and process.

[0056] The linkage regulating valve one and linkage regulating valve two described in this utility model have the same structure as the linkage regulating valve in the prior art. Both linkage regulating valve one and linkage regulating valve two include a valve body, a valve seat, a valve core, a valve stem, an actuator, and a sealing device. The valve stem is used to connect the valve core and the actuator. The actuator is used to receive signals from the control system and convert them into corresponding mechanical movements to drive the valve stem and valve core to move. The specific working principle can be achieved by referring to the prior art.

[0057] The control system described in this utility model is used to execute the instructions provided by the monitoring system. When the monitoring system detects that the CO concentration exceeds the standard, the control system controls the drilling rig to drill holes. Specifically, the CO concentration value is set, i.e., the target value is set. Then, the controller compares the feedback value with the set target value in real time. After that, the controller calculates the required control signal, and the actuator adjusts the controlled object according to the control signal, i.e., the drilling rig is drilled.

[0058] The parts not mentioned in this utility model can be achieved by referring to existing technologies.

[0059] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any appropriate changes and variations made to the above embodiments within the essential spirit and scope of this application fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. An intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification, comprising a control system, a monitoring system, and a gas supply system, characterized in that: The gas supply system is located on the surface and includes a CO2 gas supply system and an N2 gas supply system. The CO2 gas supply system is connected to a first pipeline, the other end of which is connected to a CO2 delivery pipeline near the floor of the underground working face roadway. A valve is installed on the first pipeline, and a linkage regulating valve and a CO concentration sensor are installed on the CO2 delivery pipeline. The N2 gas supply system is connected to a second pipeline, the other end of which is connected to an N2 delivery pipeline near the roof of the underground working face roadway. A valve is installed on the second pipeline. The N2 delivery pipeline is equipped with a second linkage regulating valve and a second CO concentration sensor; the monitoring system includes several CO concentration detectors arranged behind the coal face support to monitor CO concentration changes in real time; the control system is connected to the drilling rig and executes the instructions provided by the monitoring system. When the monitoring system detects that the CO concentration exceeds the standard, the control system controls the drilling rig to drill holes and simultaneously injects CO2 and N2 into the roadway through the CO2 gas supply system and the N2 gas supply system, keeping the CO concentration within a safe range.

2. The intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: Near the floor of the underground working face roadway, two CO2 conveying pipelines are installed on one side of the coal pillar, forming an alternating gas supply mode.

3. The intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: Near the roof of the underground working face roadway, two N2 conveying pipelines are installed on one side of the coal pillar, forming an alternating gas supply mode.

4. The intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system controls the opening or closing of valve one and valve two.

5. The intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: Exceeding the CO concentration standard means that the CO concentration is greater than 24 ppm.

6. The intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The goaf area includes a heat dissipation zone, an oxidation zone, and an asphyxiation zone. The CO linkage regulating valve one and CO concentration sensor one, as well as the linkage regulating valve two and CO concentration sensor two, are all located in the heat dissipation zone.

7. The intelligent fire prevention and extinguishing system for goaf areas based on gravity stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first and second linkage control valves include a valve body, a valve seat, a valve core, a valve stem, an actuator, and a sealing device. The valve stem is used to connect the valve core and the actuator. The actuator is used to receive signals from the control system and convert them into corresponding mechanical motion to drive the valve stem and valve core to move.

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