Comprehensive treatment system for coal gasification solid hazardous waste

Abstract

The utility model discloses a coal gasification solid hazardous waste comprehensive treatment system which comprises a coal gasification slag carbon extraction and quality separation assembly for screening coal gasification slag into high-carbon slag and inert slag, and a heavy metal removal assembly for removing heavy metal from the inert slag, the solid waste forming assembly is used for mixing and forming the high-carbon residues and other solid wastes of the system; the gasifying and melting assembly is used for gasifying, melting and separating solid waste blocks made by the solid waste forming assembly; the sewage treatment assembly is used for treating sewage generated by the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and quality separation assembly and the heavy metal removal assembly; the tail gas purification assembly is used for purifying tail gas of the system; and solid component outlets of the sewage treatment assembly and the tail gas purification assembly are connected with the solid waste forming assembly. Carbon extraction and quality separation are carried out on gasified slag through mechanical separation, obtained carbon-rich slag serves as fuel to carry out gasification and melting treatment on other solid hazardous waste generated by a coal gasification system, obtained inert slag is subjected to heavy metal removal and reutilization, thorough treatment of the solid hazardous waste is achieved, energy consumption and cost are reduced, and the resource utilization rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a solid waste treatment system, and more particularly to a comprehensive coal gasification solid and hazardous waste treatment system that combines coal gasification slag with other solid wastes generated in the coal gasification system for targeted resource utilization and high efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] Coal gasification technology, hailed as the leading technology in the modern coal chemical industry, is a key technology that converts coal into syngas (mainly composed of CO, H2, CO2, etc.) through a thermochemical conversion process. It is widely used in chemical, power generation, and hydrogen production fields, providing syngas for the entire downstream chemical production process. However, coal gasification inevitably generates a large amount of solid waste, including coal gasification slag (coarse slag + fine slag), fly ash, high-concentration wastewater treatment sludge, gas purification catalysts, and spent activated carbon. Statistics show that China's annual coal gasification slag emissions exceed 50 million tons (coarse slag + fine slag). The slag discharged from the bottom of the gasifier is typically called coarse slag, accounting for approximately 60%–80%, while the slag carried out from the top by the gas flow is called fine slag, accounting for approximately 20%–40%. Currently, the separation efficiency of residual carbon and other ash from the coarse slag is low, resulting in coal gasification slag having too low carbon content as fuel and too high carbon content as building material. Using it for soil improvement poses safety risks such as excessive heavy metals and salt content or toxic organic pollution. Consequently, the resource utilization rate of coal gasification slag in my country is currently less than 30%. Furthermore, fly ash, wastewater sludge, spent catalysts, and spent activated carbon generated during the gasification process are all hazardous waste, posing significant ecological and environmental risks and requiring thorough disposal. For these reasons, the treatment of solid waste generated by coal gasification systems is complex, with low carbon separation efficiency and a low resource recovery rate. Patent document CN119552689A discloses a method for separating low-ash residual carbon and high-ash mineral particles from gasification fine slag through flotation. The resulting residual carbon concentrate is then blended with coal used in gasification to prepare coal-water slurry, effectively achieving reduced emissions and resource utilization of gasification fine slag. However, the treatment of other solid wastes in the coal gasification system still requires significant manpower and resources. Patent document CN119281500A provides a combined washing and beneficiation process for the efficient utilization of gasification slag. By classifying the gasification slag through screening, crushing, heavy media separation, flotation purification, dehydration, and drying, it ensures efficient separation and recovery of carbon particles, greatly improving the carbon recovery rate. However, the concentration of heavy metals in the remaining inorganic minerals after carbon extraction is significantly increased, especially Cd, Pb, and As, which may exceed leaching toxicity standards, making direct landfilling or utilization impossible. Patent document CN119241038A discloses an apparatus and method for the full utilization of coal gasification slag, including modules such as coal gasification slag incineration, secondary melting, and microcrystalline glass forming. It achieves high utilization rate and high-value reuse of coal gasification slag with almost no solid waste. However, the pH of the solid slag after treatment is high, usually as high as 9-12, and it contains soluble salts such as sodium sulfate and potassium chloride, which can easily cause soil salinization or water pollution. Utility Model Content

[0003] Purpose of the utility model: The purpose of this utility model is to improve the utilization rate of solid waste in coal gasification systems and avoid secondary pollution, by providing a comprehensive treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste with high overall treatment efficiency, high data utilization rate and low operating cost.

[0004] Technical Solution: The coal gasification solid and hazardous waste integrated treatment system of this utility model includes a coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component for screening coal gasification slag into high-carbon slag and inert slag, a heavy metal removal component for removing heavy metals from the inert slag, a solid waste forming component for mixing high-carbon slag with other solid wastes in the system, and a gasification melting component for gasifying and melting the solid waste blocks made by the solid waste forming component; it also includes a wastewater treatment component for treating the wastewater generated by the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component and the heavy metal removal component, and a tail gas purification component for purifying the system's tail gas; the solid component outlets of the wastewater treatment component and the tail gas purification component are connected to the solid waste forming component.

[0005] Furthermore, the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component includes a crusher, a wet separation screen, a feed mixing tank, and a heavy media hydrocyclone connected in sequence. The overflow outlet of the heavy media hydrocyclone is connected to a heavy metal removal component, and the underflow outlet is connected in sequence to a magnetic separator, a grinding mill, and a hydrocyclone. The overflow outlet of the hydrocyclone is connected to a fine particle flotation unit, and the underflow outlet is connected to a flotation unit. The bottom outlets of the flotation unit and the fine particle flotation unit are connected to the heavy metal removal component, and the top outlets of the flotation unit and the fine particle flotation unit are connected to a solid waste forming component. The wastewater outlet of the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component is connected to a wastewater treatment component. A slurry tank is also provided between the magnetic separator and the grinding mill for mixing and conditioning the carbon-rich slag separated by the magnetic separator with the fine coal gasification slag. Furthermore, the heavy metal removal assembly includes an inert slag storage tank, an inert slag feeder, a dosing device, a reaction tank, a solid-liquid separation device, a sludge dewatering device, and an auxiliary control device connected in sequence. The inert slag storage tank is connected to the overflow outlet of the heavy medium hydrocyclone, the bottom outlet of the flotation device, and the fine particle flotation device of the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation assembly. The wastewater outlets of the solid-liquid separation device and the sludge dewatering device are connected to the wastewater treatment assembly. After heavy metal removal, the inert slag is utilized as a concrete admixture, soil remediation agent, cement raw material, and mine backfill soil, etc. The wastewater containing heavy metals enters the wastewater treatment system for dewatering and produces sludge containing heavy metals, which then enters the solid waste molding assembly.

[0006] Furthermore, the solid waste molding component includes a roller mill mixer, a spiral extrusion molding machine, and a drying chamber connected in sequence; the roller mill mixer is connected to the solid component outlet of the wastewater treatment component and the exhaust gas purification component, as well as the high-carbon slag outlet of the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component.

[0007] Furthermore, the solid waste molding component is also connected to the outlet of the solid and hazardous waste generated by the entire coal gasification system. The solid and hazardous waste generated in the coal gasification slag system includes, but is not limited to, spent catalysts, desulfurizing agents, fly ash, and spent activated carbon. All solid and hazardous waste generated by the system is mixed, molded, and dried here to form solid waste blocks, which are then sent to the gasification melting component for complete disposal, achieving "zero emissions" of waste from the coal gasification process and improving the efficiency of waste recycling and reuse.

[0008] Furthermore, the gasification-melting assembly includes a gasification-melting furnace, which is divided into an upper gasification section and a lower melting section. The upper end of the gasification section is equipped with a solid waste block inlet connected to the solid waste forming assembly and a crude syngas outlet. At the junction of the gasification section and the melting section, a crude syngas reflux inlet and an oxygen-enriched air inlet are provided. The oxygen-enriched air exchanges heat with the heat exchanger before entering the oxygen-enriched air inlet. The melting section is trapezoidal in shape, with an inorganic slag outlet and a metal alloy outlet at the bottom. The crude syngas outlet is also connected to the combustible gas inlet of a hot air furnace that provides high-temperature flue gas to the heat exchanger. The low-temperature flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the air inlet of the drying chamber of the solid waste forming assembly, and the air outlet of the drying chamber is connected to a tail gas purification assembly. The crude syngas outlet is also equipped with an analytical device for monitoring the CO2 and CO content in the crude syngas. This analytical device is interlocked with an oxygen-enriched air flow regulation device to ensure a reducing atmosphere inside the gasification-melting furnace. Solid waste briquettes are gasified and melted here to form crude syngas, glassy inorganic slag, and heavy metal alloy slag. The crude syngas is burned in a hot blast stove to generate high-temperature flue gas, which exchanges heat with the oxygen-enriched air entering the furnace, increasing the temperature of the oxygen-enriched air entering the furnace, improving the system's thermal utilization rate, ensuring stable combustion, and maintaining the temperature inside the gasification and melting furnace. The glassy inorganic slag and metal alloy are separated and then utilized as resources, improving the efficiency of resource recycling.

[0009] Beneficial Effects: Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages: 1. By mechanically separating and carbonizing the gasification slag to obtain inert slag and carbon-rich slag, the carbon-rich slag obtained from the carbon separation is used as fuel to gasify and melt other solid and hazardous waste generated by the system, achieving thorough and environmentally friendly treatment of solid and hazardous waste throughout the system, and reducing the energy consumption and treatment cost of the melting furnace; 2. In the solid waste molding component, high-carbon slag is wet-molded with waste catalysts, desulfurizing agents, fly ash, waste activated carbon and other solid and hazardous waste generated by the system, as well as binders. The calorific value of the molded block and the mixing ratio of solid waste are controlled, making full use of the calorific value in the gasification slag, and reducing the cost of thorough treatment of solid and hazardous waste. 3. By controlling the type of acid solution and leaching conditions, heavy metals are removed from the inert slag obtained after carbon extraction and fractionation, solving the problem of heavy metal enrichment in the inert slag after carbon extraction and fractionation, which makes it impossible to utilize it as a resource. This can completely realize the resource utilization of the inert slag. 4. Crude syngas and oxygen-enriched air are introduced at the intersection of the gasification section and the melting section of the gasification and melting furnace. The flow rate of oxygen-enriched air is adjusted by regulating the composition of the crude syngas, which effectively controls the reducing atmosphere in the gasification and melting furnace. This reduces metal elements such as cadmium, nickel, and lead to their elemental state, achieving complete separation of heavy metals from inorganic slag and improving the resource utilization rate. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0011] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the device for the carbon extraction and separation component of the coal gasification slag according to this utility model.

[0012] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the gasification and melting assembly of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] like Figure 1 The system shown is a comprehensive treatment system for solid and hazardous waste from coal gasification, comprising a coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component 1 for screening coal gasification slag into high-carbon slag and inert slag, a heavy metal removal component 2 for removing heavy metals from the inert slag, a solid waste forming component 3 for mixing high-carbon slag with other solid wastes in the system, and a gasification melting component 4 for gasifying and melting the solid waste blocks formed by the solid waste forming component 3. It also includes a wastewater treatment component 5 for treating wastewater from the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component 1 and the heavy metal removal component 2, and a tail gas purification component 6 for purifying the system's tail gas. The solid component outlets of the wastewater treatment component 5 and the tail gas purification component 6 are connected to the solid waste forming component 3.

[0015] like Figure 2As shown, the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component 1 includes a crusher 1-1, a wet separation screen 1-2, a feed mixing tank 1-3-1, and a heavy media hydrocyclone 1-3 connected in sequence. The overflow outlet of the heavy media hydrocyclone 1-3 is connected to the heavy metal removal component 2, and the underflow outlet is connected in sequence to the magnetic separator 1-3-2, the slurry tank 1-8, the grinding mill 1-4, and the hydrocyclone 1-5. The overflow outlet of the hydrocyclone 1-5 is connected to the fine particle flotation unit 1-7, and the underflow outlet is connected to the flotation unit 1-6. The bottom outlets of the flotation units 1-6 and 1-7 are connected to the heavy metal removal component 2, and the top outlets of the flotation units 1-6 and 1-7 are connected to the solid waste forming component 3. The wastewater outlet of the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component 1 is connected to the wastewater treatment component 5. Flotation units 1-6 are deep-tank mechanically agitated flotation machines, including a first feed inlet 161 connected to the underflow outlet of hydrocyclone 1-5, an air inlet 162, a slurry distribution plate 163, a conical regulating cylinder 164, an inert slag B outlet 165, and a high-carbon slag B outlet 166. Fine particle flotation unit 1-7 is a flotation column, including a second feed inlet 171 connected to the overflow outlet of hydrocyclone 1-5, a pressure air inlet 172, an overflow plate 173, an inert slag C outlet 174, and a high-carbon slag C outlet 175.

[0016] The heavy metal removal component 2 includes an inert slag storage tank, an inert slag feeder, a dosing device, a reaction tank, a solid-liquid separation device, a sludge dewatering device, and an auxiliary control device connected in sequence. The inert slag storage tank is connected to the overflow outlet of the heavy medium cyclone 1-3, the bottom outlet of the flotation device 1-6 and the fine particle flotation device 1 of the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component 1. The wastewater outlets of the solid-liquid separation device and the sludge dewatering device are connected to the wastewater treatment component 5.

[0017] The solid waste molding assembly 3 includes a roller mill mixer, a screw extrusion molding machine, and a drying chamber connected in sequence. The roller mill mixer is connected to the solid component outlets of the wastewater treatment assembly 5 and the tail gas purification assembly 6, as well as the high-carbon slag outlet of the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation assembly 1. The low-temperature flue gas outlet of the gasification melting assembly 4 is connected to the air inlet of the drying chamber, and the air outlet of the drying chamber is connected to the tail gas purification assembly 6. The roller mill mixer of the solid waste molding assembly 3 is also connected to the outlet of the solid hazardous waste generated by the entire coal gasification system.

[0018] like Figure 3As shown, the gasification and melting assembly 4 includes a gasification and melting furnace, which is divided into an upper gasification section 4-1 and a lower melting section 4-2. The upper end of the gasification section 4-1 is provided with a solid waste block inlet 411 connected to the solid waste forming assembly 3 and a crude syngas outlet 412. The crude syngas outlet 412 is also provided with an analysis device that controls the intake of oxygen-enriched air inlet 431 by monitoring the CO2 and CO content in the crude syngas. The analysis device is interlocked with the oxygen-enriched air flow regulating device. At the junction of the gasification section 4-1 and the melting section 4-2, there is a crude syngas return port 413 and a high-temperature oxygen-enriched air inlet 414. After exchanging heat with the heat exchanger 4-3, the oxygen-enriched air enters the gasification and melting furnace from the high-temperature oxygen-enriched air inlet 414. The melting section 4-2 is inverted trapezoidal in shape, with an inorganic slag outlet 415 and a metal alloy outlet 416 at the bottom. The crude syngas outlet 412 is also connected to the combustible gas inlet of the hot air furnace 4-4, which provides high-temperature flue gas to the heat exchanger 4-3. The hot air furnace 4-4 is a vertical hot air furnace. The crude syngas is burned in the hot air furnace 4-4 to produce high-temperature flue gas with a temperature of about 750-800°C. The flue gas enters the heat exchanger 4-3 to exchange heat with the oxygen-enriched air and raise the temperature of the oxygen-enriched air. After exchanging heat with the heat exchanger 4-3, the high-temperature flue gas cools down to form low-temperature flue gas with a temperature of about 150-200°C. The flue gas then enters the drying chamber of the solid waste molding component 3 to dry the solid hazardous blocks.

[0019] The method for comprehensive treatment of solid waste from coal gasification systems using the aforementioned coal gasification solid and hazardous waste integrated treatment system includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Carbon extraction and separation of coal gasification slag

[0021] The coarse gasification slag produced by the coal gasification system is crushed in crusher 1-1 and then separated in wet separator 1-2. Particles larger than 5mm are returned to crusher 1-1 for further crushing, particles smaller than 0.5mm are sent to slurry tank 1-8, and particles with a diameter of 0.5-5mm pass through feed mixing tank 1-3-1 and then enter heavy medium hydrocyclone 1-3 for pre-sorting of the coarse gasification slag to remove inert slag A. The high-carbon slag A flowing out of the bottom liquid outlet of heavy medium hydrocyclone 1-3 is then separated by magnetic separator 1-3-2 to remove the magnetic suspension medium mixed in it. During this process, the solid-liquid ratio of high-carbon slag A to magnetic suspension is controlled between 1:3 and 1:5, the density of magnetic suspension is 16-1.9 g / mL, and the feed pressure is 0.2-0.3 MPa. After testing, the yield of high-carbon slag A after heavy medium hydrocyclone separation was 30-50% and the carbon content was 60-80%, while the carbon content of inert slag A was 8-15%. At the same time, the process of crushing and screening to remove fine mud before the 1st to 3rd separation of the heavy medium hydrocyclone can reduce the pollution of magnetic suspension and reduce the loss of magnetic suspension medium from 1.2 kg / t to 0.6 kg / t.

[0022] After magnetic screening, high-carbon slag A is mixed with fine coal gasification slag from the coal gasification system in slurry tanks 1-8, then formulated and ground in a grinding mill. The ground mixture is then fed into hydrocyclones 1-5 for particle size classification, yielding conventional slag (0.074-0.5 mm) and fine granular slag (≤0.074 mm). The conventional slag is then fed into flotation tanks 1-6, where the flotation slurry concentration is controlled at 25-35%, the collector (diesel / kerosene) dosage is 300-800 g / t, the frother (pine oil) dosage is 20-80 g / t, and the aeration rate is 0.8-1.5 m³ / t. 3 / m 2 The flotation process is carried out at a rate of 0.01-0.05 MPa and a flotation time of 5-8 min to obtain high-carbon slag B and inert slag B. Fine slag particles enter fine particle flotation cells 1-7, with the slurry concentration controlled at 15-25%, the collector (diesel / dodecylamine) dosage at 500-1200 g / t, the frother (polyethylene glycol ether) dosage at 30-100 g / t, and the aeration rate at 0.3-0.6 m³ / min. 3 / m 2 The flotation process is carried out at a flotation rate of 0.05-0.1 MPa, an aeration pressure of 0.05-0.1 MPa, a PAM dosage of 3-8‰, and a flotation time of 8-12 min, ultimately yielding high-carbon slag C and inert slag C. The separated high-carbon slags B and C are then mixed with the inert slags A, B, and C to obtain the final separated inert slag and high-carbon slag. Compared to single flotation, reagent consumption is reduced by 40-50%. Compared to single heavy media hydrocyclone separation, carbon recovery rate increases from 70% to 91%, and the carbon content of the inert slag decreases to below 3%. The filtered wastewater enters wastewater treatment module 5.

[0023] Step 2: Removal of heavy metals with inert slag

[0024] Inert slag A from the top overflow outlet of heavy medium hydrocyclone 1-3 is mixed with inert slag B and C from the bottom outlet of flotation unit 1-6 and fine particle flotation unit 1-7, and then enters the inert slag storage tank of heavy metal removal component 2. It then enters the reaction tank via an inert slag feeder. A leaching agent, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, or citric acid, is added through a dosing device. The leaching pH is controlled at 0.5-1.5, and the liquid-solid ratio of the leaching agent to the inert slag is controlled between 5:1 and 10:1. The leaching temperature is controlled at 30-60℃ for 1-3 hours to remove heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, and copper. After passing through a solid-liquid separation device and sludge desulfurization... The water device dehydrates the inorganic slag to obtain inorganic slag with a moisture content of less than 40%. The main components of the inorganic slag include metal oxides such as silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide. It can be used as a concrete admixture, soil remediation agent, cement raw material, and mine backfill soil for resource utilization. The wastewater containing heavy metals that has been filtered out enters the wastewater treatment component 5. After wastewater treatment, sludge containing heavy metals and purified water are obtained. The sludge containing heavy metals enters the solid waste forming component 3 and is formed into solid hazardous blocks with other solid and hazardous wastes under the action of a binder. These blocks are then sent to the gasification melting furnace for disposal. The purified water is used as a water supply source and enters the system for resource utilization through internal circulation.

[0025] Step 3: Molding of carbon-rich slag and system hazardous waste

[0026] Solid waste generated by the coal gasification system, including waste catalyst, desulfurizing agent, fly ash, and waste activated carbon, sludge from the coal gasification slag treatment system, tail gas purification solid waste, and high-carbon slag from the carbon extraction and separation system, are sequentially fed into the wheel-mill mixer, screw extrusion molding machine, and drying chamber of the solid waste forming component 3 in a specific ratio. After crushing and mixing, a certain amount of binder and water are added, followed by wet forming. The formed solid blocks are then ventilated and dried using the low-temperature flue gas from the gasification melting component 4, controlling the moisture content of the solid blocks to ≤10%, thus obtaining solid blocks. The diameter of the solid blocks is 30-50mm, the length is 6-10cm, and the dry basis calorific value is 1500-2000kcal / kg. The flue gas exiting the drying chamber enters the tail gas purification component 6 and undergoes wet washing, alkaline washing, activated carbon injection, and bag filter dust collection system in sequence to effectively remove dust, acidic gases, dioxins, and particulate matter, achieving emission standards.

[0027] Step 4: Gasification and melting of solid hazardous blocks

[0028] Solid waste molding component 3 produces solid hazardous blocks that are fed into a gasification and melting furnace via a sealed feeding device for gasification and melting. The temperature of the gasification section 4-1 is controlled at 300-1100℃, and the temperature of the melting section 4-2 is controlled at 1100-1700℃. The gasification and melting process takes 90-120 minutes, generating crude syngas at 300-600℃ (mainly composed of CO, H2, CO2, CH4, and small amounts of dust or volatile metal pollutants), inorganic slag, and nickel-cadmium-lead alloy. Part of the crude syngas is returned to the gasification and melting furnace to maintain the reducing atmosphere inside the furnace, while part enters the hot blast stove 4-4 for combustion to remove toxic and harmful substances and generate high-temperature flue gas for heat exchange. The heat source for heat exchanger 4-3 is oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen content of 30-40%, which exchanges heat with heat exchanger 4-3 to raise the temperature to 400-600℃. The CO2 and CO content in the crude syngas is monitored by an analysis device installed at the crude syngas outlet 412, and the intake of oxygen-enriched air is controlled to maintain the CO2 to CO molar ratio between 0.2 and 0.8, ensuring a strong reducing atmosphere inside the gasification melting furnace. After the molten inorganic slag and nickel-cadmium-lead alloy are separated at the bottom of the furnace, they are collected and cooled for later use through collection containers. The inorganic slag has no leaching toxicity and can be safely used as a building material. The nickel-cadmium-lead alloy is crushed and sorted for resource utilization, with a high recovery rate and purity.

Claims

1. A comprehensive treatment system for coal gasification solid hazardous waste, characterized in that, The system includes a coal gasification slag carbon separation component (1) that separates coal gasification slag into high-carbon slag and inert slag, a heavy metal removal component (2) that removes heavy metals from the inert slag, a solid waste forming component (3) that mixes high-carbon slag with other solid wastes in the system, and a gasification melting component (4) that separates solid waste blocks made from the solid waste forming component (3) by gasification melting; it also includes a wastewater treatment component (5) for treating wastewater generated by the coal gasification slag carbon separation component (1) and the heavy metal removal component (2), and a tail gas purification component (6) for purifying the system tail gas; the solid component outlets of the wastewater treatment component (5) and the tail gas purification component (6) are connected to the solid waste forming component (3).

2. The integrated treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component (1) includes a crusher (1-1), a wet separation screen (1-2), a feed mixing tank (1-3-1), and a heavy medium hydrocyclone (1-3) connected in sequence. The overflow outlet of the heavy medium hydrocyclone (1-3) is connected to the heavy metal removal component (2), and the underflow outlet is connected in sequence to a magnetic separator (1-3-2), a grinding mill (1-4), and a hydrocyclone (1-5). The hydrocyclone (1-3-1) The overflow outlet of the -5) is connected to the fine particle flotation unit (1-7), and the underflow outlet is connected to the flotation unit (1-6); the bottom outlets of the flotation unit (1-6) and the fine particle flotation unit (1-7) are connected to the heavy metal removal component (2), and the top outlets of the flotation unit (1-6) and the fine particle flotation unit (1-7) are connected to the solid waste forming component (3); the wastewater outlet of the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component (1) is connected to the wastewater treatment component (5).

3. The integrated treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, A slurry tank (1-8) is also provided between the magnetic separator (1-3-2) and the grinding mill (1-4) for mixing and conditioning the carbon-rich slag separated by the magnetic separator (1-3-2) with the fine coal gasification slag.

4. The integrated treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heavy metal removal component (2) includes an inert slag storage tank, an inert slag feeder, a dosing device, a reaction tank, a solid-liquid separation device, a sludge dewatering device, and an auxiliary control device connected in sequence; the inert slag storage tank is connected to the overflow outlet of the heavy medium cyclone separator (1-3), the bottom outlet of the flotation device (1-6), and the fine particle flotation device (1-7) of the coal gasification slag carbon extraction and separation component (1); the wastewater outlet of the solid-liquid separation device and the sludge dewatering device is connected to the wastewater treatment component (5).

5. The integrated treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid waste molding component (3) includes a roller mill mixer, a spiral extrusion molding machine and a drying chamber connected in sequence; the roller mill mixer is connected to the solid component outlet of the wastewater treatment component (5) and the tail gas purification component (6) and the high carbon slag outlet of the coal gasification slag carbon separation component (1).

6. The integrated treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, The roller mixer is also connected to the outlet of the solid and hazardous waste generated by the entire coal gasification system.

7. The integrated treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasification melting component (4) includes a gasification melting furnace, which is divided into an upper gasification section (4-1) and a lower melting section (4-2). The upper end of the gasification section (4-1) is provided with a solid waste block inlet (411) connected to the solid waste forming component (3) and a crude syngas outlet (412). The gasification section (4-1) and the melting section (4-2) are provided with a crude syngas return port (413) and an oxygen-enriched air inlet (414). The oxygen-enriched air enters the oxygen-enriched air inlet (414) after heat exchange by the heat exchanger (4-3). The melting section (4-2) is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, and the bottom is provided with an inorganic slag outlet (415) and a metal alloy outlet (416).

8. The integrated treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, The crude syngas outlet (412) is also connected to the combustible gas inlet of the hot air furnace (4-4) that provides a heat source for the heat exchanger (4-3), and the low-temperature flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger (4-3) is connected to the solid waste block drying chamber of the solid waste forming component (3); the outlet of the drying chamber is connected to the tail gas purification component (6).

9. The integrated treatment system for coal gasification solid and hazardous waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, The crude syngas outlet (412) is also equipped with an analysis device for monitoring the CO2 and CO content in the crude syngas, and is interlocked with the oxygen-enriched air flow regulation device.

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