Punching and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shell

By designing an integrated stamping and cutting device for pen plastic shells, the combined action of hydraulic cylinders and heating elements enables automated plastic shell forming and cutting, solving the problems of low efficiency, inconvenient waste disposal, and high defect rate in existing technologies, thereby improving production efficiency and yield.

CN224197160UActive Publication Date: 2026-05-05WENZHOU AIHAO PEN TRADE CO LTD
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
WENZHOU AIHAO PEN TRADE CO LTD
Filing Date
2025-02-14
Publication Date
2026-05-05

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In the existing technology, the processing of pen plastic shells has problems such as low efficiency, inconvenient handling of cutting waste, low production efficiency, high defect rate of plastic shells, and poor processing due to uneven plastic sheets.

Method used

An integrated stamping and cutting device, comprising a feeding device, a stamping device, a blanking device, and a controller, is adopted. Through the synergistic action of hydraulic cylinders and heating elements, it achieves automated plastic shell forming, cutting, and waste collection. Combined with the use of secondary stamping and a pressing plate, the flatness of the plastic sheet is ensured.

Benefits of technology

It improves the yield rate of plastic shells, increases production efficiency, reduces manual operation, has a high degree of automation, reduces labor costs, and ensures high-quality molding of plastic shells.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

A stamping and cutting integrated device for a pen plastic shell comprises an equipment base, a feeding device, a stamping device, a blanking device and a controller, and the feeding device comprises a winding disc and a first rotating motor; the stamping device comprises a first fixing frame, a first upper die base, a first lower die base, a first heating element, a first hydraulic air cylinder, a second hydraulic air cylinder and a third hydraulic air cylinder, and the first upper die base is provided with a plurality of first stamping protruding blocks and a plurality of indentation tool bits. The first lower die base is provided with a plurality of first limiting grooves, the blanking device comprises a second fixing frame, a first sliding base, a plurality of stamping heads, a second stamping protruding block, a fixing plate and a fourth hydraulic air cylinder, the fixing plate is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves, and the stamping heads correspond to the second limiting grooves in position in a one-to-one mode.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of pen processing equipment technology, and in particular to an integrated stamping and cutting device for pen plastic shells. Background Technology

[0002] Pens are commonly used writing tools. To boost sales, many pen manufacturers package pens with different patterns or colors in combination, a practice particularly common with watercolor pens. For pen packaging, the most common method in current technology is to stamp the corresponding shape onto a plastic shell, then seal the opening of the plastic shell with cardboard. The plastic shell is usually made of PVC material, which has good ductility and plasticity. Therefore, the typical processing method involves placing a PVC plastic sheet inside and then hot-pressing it using a mold. However, existing plastic shell stamping devices have the following problems: First, after the plastic sheet is processed and formed, its cutting... The cutting process is usually carried out by a cutting blade, which is not only inefficient, but also requires arranging the plastic shells after cutting them into a scattered position for subsequent packaging. Secondly, cutting generates a lot of cutting waste, which is usually collected manually in the current technology, which greatly reduces production efficiency and increases labor costs. Thirdly, in the current technology, the plastic sheet is usually stamped in one go, which can easily lead to the cavity inside the produced plastic shell not fitting the pen to be assembled. Fourthly, during the feeding process of the plastic sheet, unevenness can easily lead to a high defect rate of the stamped plastic shells. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an integrated stamping and cutting device for pen plastic shells that can improve yield, increase production efficiency, and automatically collect cutting waste.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model: A stamping and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shells, comprising a base, a feeding device connected to the base, a stamping device connected to the base, a cutting device connected to the base, and a controller. The feeding device includes a reel connected to the base and a first rotary motor for driving the reel to rotate. The stamping device includes a first fixed frame slidably connected to the base, a first upper die base slidably connected to the first fixed frame, a first lower die base slidably connected to the first fixed frame, a first heating element connected to the lower die base, a first hydraulic cylinder for driving the upper die base to move vertically, a second hydraulic cylinder for driving the lower die base to move vertically, and a third hydraulic cylinder for driving the first fixed frame to slide horizontally. The upper die base is provided with a plurality of first stamping protrusions fixedly connected to the upper die base and a plurality of indentation cutters fixedly connected to the upper die base. The lower die base is provided with a plurality of first limit... The first limiting groove is adapted to the shape and size of the plastic shell to be processed and the first stamping protrusion, respectively. The first stamping protrusion corresponds one-to-one with the position of the first limiting groove. The indentation cutter heads are arranged in a rectangular shape, and each indentation cutter head surrounds a first stamping protrusion. The blanking device includes a second fixed frame fixedly connected to the equipment base, a first sliding base slidably connected to the second fixed frame, a plurality of stamping heads fixedly connected to the first sliding base, a second stamping protrusion fixedly connected to the stamping head, a fixed plate fixedly connected to the second fixed frame, and a fourth hydraulic cylinder for driving the first sliding base to move in the vertical direction. The fixed plate is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves. The cross-sectional shape of the stamping head is adapted to the cross-sectional shape and size of the indentation cutter head and the cross-sectional shape and size of the second limiting groove, respectively. The position of the stamping head corresponds one-to-one with the second limiting groove. The controller is electrically connected to the first hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder, the third hydraulic cylinder, the fourth hydraulic cylinder, the first heating element, and the first rotary motor.

[0005] Using the above technical solution, firstly, the controller controls the first rotary motor to drive the coil to rotate, thereby feeding the plastic sheet to be processed to the position between the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base. Then, the controller controls the first and second hydraulic cylinders to drive the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base to move towards each other in the vertical direction until they overlap, and the plastic sheet is sandwiched between them. The controller controls the first heating element to provide heat energy to the first lower mold base. After being heated, the plastic sheet softens and its plasticity increases. Since the first upper mold base is provided with several first stamping protrusions and several indentation heads fixedly connected to the first upper mold base, and the first lower mold base is provided with several first limiting grooves, the first limiting grooves are respectively adapted to the shape of the plastic shell to be processed and the shape and size of the first stamping protrusions. The positions of the first stamping protrusions correspond one-to-one with the positions of the first limiting grooves. Therefore, several plastic shells will be pressed into the plastic sheet. At the same time, due to the presence of the indentation heads, therefore... The edges of the plastic shell are relatively thin. After processing, the controller controls the third hydraulic cylinder to move the first fixed frame a certain distance towards the second fixed frame. Then, the first and second hydraulic cylinders respectively drive the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base to reset, causing the plastic sheet to detach from them. Then, the next stamping operation is carried out. After stamping, the plastic sheet is pushed a certain distance towards the second fixed frame, so that the position of the plastic shell processed on the plastic sheet corresponds to the position directly below the stamping head. Then, the controller controls the fourth hydraulic cylinder to move the first sliding base vertically downward. Since the cross-sectional shape of the stamping head is adapted to the cross-sectional shape and size of the indentation cutter and the cross-sectional shape and size of the second limiting groove, and the plastic shell on the plastic sheet is pressed with a shallow indentation by the indentation cutter, the fracture point is relatively thin. Therefore, the stamping head will cause the processed plastic shell to detach from the plastic sheet and collect in the second limiting groove on the fixed plate, which is convenient for the workers to collect later. This device greatly improves the degree of automation and increases production efficiency.

[0006] Further features of this invention: The first fixed frame is also provided with a fixed base fixedly connected to the first fixed frame, a pressure plate slidably connected to the fixed base, and a fifth hydraulic cylinder for driving the pressure plate to move in the vertical direction. The upper surface of the fixed base is at the same horizontal plane as the contact surface of the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base when they coincide. The pressure plate is positioned corresponding to the fixed base. The controller is electrically connected to the fifth hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] Using the above technical solution, when the plastic plate moves between the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base, the controller controls the fifth hydraulic cylinder to drive the pressing plate vertically downward, so that the pressing plate contacts the fixed base. Since the upper surface of the fixed base is at the same level as the contact surface of the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base, one side of the plastic plate can be pressed tightly, and then the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base can be used for stamping. This prevents the plastic shell from not meeting the processing requirements due to unevenness of the plastic plate during processing, and improves the yield of plastic shells.

[0008] A further feature of this invention includes a secondary stamping device, comprising a third fixed frame fixedly connected to the equipment base, a second upper mold base slidably connected to the third fixed frame, a second lower mold base slidably connected to the third fixed frame, a second heating element connected to the second lower mold base, a sixth hydraulic cylinder for driving the second upper mold base to move vertically, and a seventh hydraulic cylinder for driving the second lower mold base to move vertically. The third fixed frame is located between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame. The second upper mold base is provided with a plurality of second stamping protrusions, and the second lower mold base is provided with a plurality of third limiting grooves. The third limiting grooves are respectively adapted to the shape of the plastic shell to be processed and the shape and size of the second stamping protrusions. The positions of the second stamping protrusions correspond one-to-one with the positions of the third limiting grooves. The controller is electrically connected to the sixth hydraulic cylinder, the seventh hydraulic cylinder, and the second heating element.

[0009] Using the above technical solution, after the plastic sheet completes the first stamping operation through the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base, the plastic sheet is fed between the second upper mold base and the second lower mold base. The controller controls the sixth and seventh hydraulic cylinders to drive the second upper mold base and the second lower mold base to move towards each other in the vertical direction until the second upper mold base and the second lower mold base contact each other, completing the second stamping operation. This prevents the plastic shell from shrinking due to cooling after the first hot stamping, which would affect the quality of the processed plastic shell. The second heating element provides heat energy to the second lower mold base, and then the second stamping protrusion further shapes the plastic shell. Then the plastic shell is moved to the second fixed frame, and the stamping head further improves the product yield.

[0010] A further feature of this invention is that it also includes a waste collection device, which includes a waste reel movably connected to the equipment base, a tightening shaft connected to the equipment base, and a second rotary motor for driving the waste reel to rotate. The plastic sheet to be processed passes sequentially through the first fixed frame, the third fixed frame, the second fixed frame, the tightening shaft, and the waste reel. The controller is electrically connected to the second rotary motor.

[0011] Using the above technical solution, after stamping is completed, the plastic shell separates from the plastic sheet. The controller controls the second rotary motor to drive the scrap reel to rotate, and controls the rotation speed of the scrap reel to match the feeding speed of the plastic sheet. At the same time, it ensures that the scrap of the plastic sheet passes around the tightening shaft, so that the plastic sheet always remains taut, further ensuring that the plastic sheet remains flat during the feeding process and improving the product yield. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stamping and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shells according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stamping device in a stamping and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shells, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] 1-Equipment base, 2-Feeding device, 3-Punching device, 4-Blanking device, 5-Controller, 6-Roll reel, 7-First rotary motor, 8-First fixed frame, 9-First upper die base, 10-First lower die base, 11-First heating element, 12-First hydraulic cylinder, 13-Second hydraulic cylinder, 14-Third hydraulic cylinder, 15-First stamping protrusion, 16-Indenting cutter head, 17-First limiting groove, 18-Second fixed frame, 19-First sliding base, 20-Punching head, 21- 22-Second stamping protrusion, 23-Fixed plate, 24-Fourth hydraulic cylinder, 25-Second limiting groove, 26-Fixed base, 27-Pressure plate, 28-Fixed hydraulic cylinder, 29-Secondary stamping device, 30-Second upper mold base, 31-Second lower mold base, 32-Second heating element, 33-Sixth hydraulic cylinder, 34-Seventh hydraulic cylinder, 35-Third limiting groove, 36-Scrap collection device, 37-Scrap reel, 38-Tightening shaft, 39-Second rotary motor. Detailed Implementation

[0015] like Figure 1-2As shown, a stamping and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shells includes a base 1, a feeding device 2 connected to the base 1, a stamping device 3 connected to the base 1, a cutting device 4 connected to the base 1, and a controller 5. The feeding device 2 includes a reel 6 connected to the base 1 and a first rotary motor 7 for driving the reel 6 to rotate. The stamping device 3 includes a first fixed frame 8 slidably connected to the base 1, a first upper die base 9 slidably connected to the first fixed frame 8, a first lower die base 10 slidably connected to the first fixed frame 8, and a controller 5 connected to the first lower die base 1. The system includes a first heating element 11 with a base 10, a first hydraulic cylinder 12 for driving the first upper mold base 9 to move vertically, a second hydraulic cylinder 13 for driving the first lower mold base 10 to move vertically, and a third hydraulic cylinder 14 for driving the first fixed frame 8 to slide horizontally. The first upper mold base 9 has several first stamping protrusions 15 and several indentation cutters 16 fixedly connected to it. The first lower mold base 10 has several first limiting grooves 17. 7 are respectively adapted to the shape of the plastic shell to be processed and the shape and size of the first stamping protrusion 15. The first stamping protrusion 15 corresponds one-to-one with the position of the first limiting groove 17. The indentation cutter heads 16 are arranged in a rectangle, and each indentation cutter head 16 surrounds a first stamping protrusion 15. The blanking device 4 includes a second fixed frame 18 fixedly connected to the equipment base 1, a first sliding base 19 slidably connected to the second fixed frame 18, a plurality of stamping heads 20 fixedly connected to the first sliding base 19, a second stamping protrusion 21 fixedly connected to the stamping head 20, and a second fixed base 18 fixedly connected to the first fixed frame 18. The fixed plate 22 of the fixed frame 18 and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 23 for driving the first sliding base 19 to move in the vertical direction are provided. The fixed plate 22 is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves 24. The cross-sectional shape of the punch head 20 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape and size of the second limiting groove 24 respectively. The positions of the punch head 20 and the second limiting groove 24 correspond one-to-one. The controller 5 is electrically connected to the first hydraulic cylinder 12, the second hydraulic cylinder 13, the third hydraulic cylinder 14, the fourth hydraulic cylinder 23, the first heating element 11 and the first rotary motor 7 respectively.First, the controller 5 controls the first rotary motor 7 to rotate the reel 6, thereby feeding the plastic sheet to be processed to the position between the first upper mold base 9 and the first lower mold base 10. Then, the controller 5 controls the first hydraulic cylinder 12 and the second hydraulic cylinder 13 to drive the first upper mold base 9 and the first lower mold base 10 to move in opposite directions in the vertical direction until they overlap, and the plastic sheet is sandwiched between them. The controller 5 controls the first heating element 11 to provide heat energy to the first lower mold base 10. After being heated, the plastic sheet softens and its plasticity increases. A plurality of first stamping protrusions 15 and a plurality of indentation cutters 16, both fixedly connected to the first upper mold base 9, are provided on the first upper mold base 9. A plurality of first limiting grooves 17 are provided on the first lower mold base 10. The first limiting grooves 17 are respectively adapted to the shape of the plastic shell to be processed and the shape and size of the first stamping protrusions 15. The positions of the first stamping protrusions 15 and the first limiting grooves 17 correspond one-to-one. Therefore, a plurality of plastic shells will be pressed out of the plastic plate. Simultaneously, due to the presence of the indentation cutters 16, the plastic shells... The edges are relatively weak. After processing, the controller 5 controls the third hydraulic cylinder 14 to move the first fixed frame 8 a certain distance towards the second fixed frame 18. Then, the first hydraulic cylinder 12 and the second hydraulic cylinder 13 respectively drive the first upper mold base 9 and the first lower mold base 10 to reset, causing the plastic sheet to separate from them. Then, the next stamping operation is carried out. After stamping, the plastic sheet is pushed a certain distance towards the second fixed frame 18, so that the position of the plastic shell processed on the plastic sheet corresponds to the position directly below the stamping head 20. Then, the controller controls the third hydraulic cylinder 14 to move the first fixed frame 8 a certain distance towards the second fixed frame 18 ... Device 5 controls the fourth hydraulic cylinder 23 to drive the first sliding base 19 to move vertically downward. Since the cross-sectional shape of the punch head 20 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape and size of the indentation cutter head 16 and the second limiting groove 24, and the plastic shell on the plastic plate is pressed into a shallow indentation by the indentation cutter head 16, the fracture position is relatively weak. Therefore, the punch head 20 will cause the processed plastic shell to detach from the plastic plate and collect in the second limiting groove 24 on the fixed plate 22, which is convenient for the staff to collect later. This device greatly improves the degree of automation and increases production efficiency.

[0016] The first fixed frame 8 is also provided with a fixed base 25 fixedly connected to the first fixed frame 8, a pressure plate 26 slidably connected to the fixed base 25, and a fifth hydraulic cylinder 27 for driving the pressure plate 26 to move in the vertical direction. The upper surface of the fixed base 25 is at the same horizontal plane as the contact surface of the first upper mold base 9 and the first lower mold base 10. The pressure plate 26 is positioned corresponding to the fixed base 25. The controller 5 is electrically connected to the fifth hydraulic cylinder 27.

[0017] When the plastic sheet moves between the first upper mold base 9 and the first lower mold base 10, the controller 5 controls the fifth hydraulic cylinder 27 to drive the pressing plate 26 to move vertically downward, so that the pressing plate 26 contacts the fixed base 25. Since the upper surface of the fixed base 25 is at the same level as the contact surface of the first upper mold base 9 and the first lower mold base 10, one side of the plastic sheet can be pressed tightly, and then the first upper mold base 9 and the first lower mold base 10 are used for stamping. This prevents the plastic shell from not meeting the processing requirements due to unevenness of the plastic sheet during the processing, and improves the yield of the plastic shell.

[0018] It also includes a secondary stamping device 28, which includes a third fixed frame 29 fixedly connected to the equipment base 1, a second upper die base 30 slidably connected to the third fixed frame 29, a second lower die base 31 slidably connected to the third fixed frame 29, a second heating element 32 connected to the second lower die base 31, a sixth hydraulic cylinder 33 for driving the second upper die base 30 to move vertically, and a seventh hydraulic cylinder 34 for driving the second lower die base 31 to move vertically. The third fixed frame 29... 9 is located between the first fixed frame 8 and the second fixed frame 18. The second upper mold base 30 is provided with a plurality of second stamping protrusions 21, and the second lower mold base 31 is provided with a plurality of third limiting grooves 35. The third limiting grooves 35 are respectively adapted to the shape of the plastic shell to be processed and the shape and size of the second stamping protrusions 21. The positions of the second stamping protrusions 21 and the third limiting grooves 35 are respectively one-to-one. The controller 5 is electrically connected to the sixth hydraulic cylinder 33, the seventh hydraulic cylinder 34 and the second heating element 32 respectively.

[0019] After the plastic sheet completes the first stamping operation through the first upper mold base 9 and the first lower mold base 10, the plastic sheet is fed between the second upper mold base 30 and the second lower mold base 31. The controller 5 controls the sixth hydraulic cylinder 33 and the seventh hydraulic cylinder 34 to drive the second upper mold base 30 and the second lower mold base 31 to move towards each other in the vertical direction until the second upper mold base 30 and the second lower mold base 31 contact each other to complete the second stamping operation. This prevents the plastic shell from shrinking due to cooling after the first hot stamping, which would affect the quality of the processed plastic shell. The second heating element 32 provides heat energy to the second lower mold base 31, and then the second stamping protrusion 21 further shapes the plastic shell. Then the plastic shell is moved to the second fixed frame 18 and the stamping head 20 is used to further improve the product yield.

[0020] It also includes a waste collection device 36, which includes a waste reel 37 movably connected to the equipment base 1, a tightening shaft 38 connected to the equipment base 1, and a second rotary motor 39 for driving the waste reel 37 to rotate. The plastic sheet to be processed passes through the first fixing frame 8, the third fixing frame 29, the second fixing frame 18, the tightening shaft 38, and the waste reel 37 in sequence. The controller 5 is electrically connected to the second rotary motor 39.

[0021] After stamping is completed, the plastic shell separates from the plastic sheet. The controller 5 controls the second rotary motor 39 to drive the scrap reel 37 to rotate, and controls the rotation speed of the scrap reel 37 to match the feeding speed of the plastic sheet. At the same time, it ensures that the scrap of the plastic sheet passes around the tightening shaft 38, so that the plastic sheet always remains taut, further ensuring that the plastic sheet remains flat during the feeding process and improving the yield of the product.

Claims

1. A stamping and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shells, characterized in that: The device includes a base, a feeding device connected to the base, a stamping device connected to the base, a blanking device connected to the base, and a controller. The feeding device includes a reel connected to the base and a first rotary motor for driving the reel's rotation. The stamping device includes a first fixed frame slidably connected to the base, a first upper die base slidably connected to the first fixed frame, a first lower die base slidably connected to the first fixed frame, a first heating element connected to the lower die base, a first hydraulic cylinder for driving the upper die base vertically, a second hydraulic cylinder for driving the lower die base vertically, and a third hydraulic cylinder for driving the first fixed frame horizontally. The first upper die base has several first stamping protrusions fixedly connected to it and several indentation cutters fixedly connected to it. The first lower die base has several first limiting grooves, which are respectively connected to... The shape and size of the plastic shell to be processed are adapted to the shape and size of the first stamping protrusion. The first stamping protrusion corresponds one-to-one with the position of the first limiting groove. The indentation cutter heads are arranged in a rectangular shape, and each indentation cutter head surrounds a first stamping protrusion. The blanking device includes a second fixed frame fixedly connected to the equipment base, a first sliding base slidably connected to the second fixed frame, a plurality of stamping heads fixedly connected to the first sliding base, a second stamping protrusion fixedly connected to the stamping head, a fixed plate fixedly connected to the second fixed frame, and a fourth hydraulic cylinder for driving the first sliding base to move in the vertical direction. The fixed plate is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves. The cross-sectional shape of the stamping head is adapted to the cross-sectional shape and size of the indentation cutter head and the cross-sectional shape and size of the second limiting groove. The positions of the stamping head and the second limiting groove correspond one-to-one. The controller is electrically connected to the first hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder, the third hydraulic cylinder, the fourth hydraulic cylinder, the first heating element, and the first rotary motor.

2. The stamping and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixed frame is also provided with a fixed base fixedly connected to the first fixed frame, a pressure plate slidably connected to the fixed base, and a fifth hydraulic cylinder for driving the pressure plate to move in the vertical direction. The upper surface of the fixed base is at the same horizontal plane as the contact surface of the first upper mold base and the first lower mold base. The pressure plate is positioned corresponding to the fixed base. The controller is electrically connected to the fifth hydraulic cylinder.

3. The stamping and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shells according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a secondary stamping device, which comprises a third fixed frame fixedly connected to the equipment base, a second upper mold base slidably connected to the third fixed frame, a second lower mold base slidably connected to the third fixed frame, a second heating element connected to the second lower mold base, a sixth hydraulic cylinder for driving the second upper mold base to move vertically, and a seventh hydraulic cylinder for driving the second lower mold base to move vertically. The third fixed frame is located between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame. The second upper mold base is provided with a plurality of second stamping protrusions, and the second lower mold base is provided with a plurality of third limiting grooves. The third limiting grooves are respectively adapted to the shape of the plastic shell to be processed and the shape and size of the second stamping protrusions. The positions of the second stamping protrusions correspond one-to-one with the positions of the third limiting grooves. The controller is electrically connected to the sixth hydraulic cylinder and the seventh hydraulic cylinder respectively.

4. A stamping and cutting integrated device for pen plastic shells according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a waste collection device, which includes a waste reel movably connected to the equipment base, a tightening shaft connected to the equipment base, and a second rotary motor for driving the waste reel to rotate. The plastic sheet to be processed passes through the first fixed frame, the third fixed frame, the second fixed frame, the tightening shaft, and the waste reel in sequence. The controller is electrically connected to the second rotary motor.