Dam anti-seepage reinforcing structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of dam anti-seepage reinforcement, and discloses a dam anti-seepage reinforcement structure which comprises a dam and a drainage layer, a reinforcement mechanism is arranged between the dam and the drainage layer, and an ecological protection mechanism is arranged outside the drainage layer. The reinforcing mechanism comprises an anti-seepage layer, the left side of the anti-seepage layer is fixedly connected to the right side of the dam, the right side of the anti-seepage layer is fixedly connected with a reinforcing layer through bolts, the space between the reinforcing layer and the anti-seepage layer is filled with a buffer layer, and the left side of the drainage layer is fixedly connected to the right side of the reinforcing layer. The reinforcing layer is made of the latticed glass fiber reinforced composite material and is connected with the impermeable layer through the bolts, the overall stability is improved, larger external pressure and impact can be borne, the impermeable function of the dam is guaranteed through the synergistic effect of the reinforcing layer and the impermeable layer, the overall structural stability is enhanced, and the service life of the dam is prolonged. And the anti-seepage effect is prevented from being affected by structural damage caused by external pressure and other factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of dam seepage prevention and reinforcement technology, and in particular to a dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure. Background Technology

[0002] Dam seepage prevention refers to the process of preventing or reducing water penetration into the dam body through a series of engineering techniques. Dams are constructed from various materials, such as soil and stone, and water tends to seep into the dam under the influence of natural forces (such as gravity and water pressure). Seepage prevention involves measures such as laying seepage-proof materials and constructing seepage-proof structures to prevent this seepage from occurring.

[0003] Seepage control plays a crucial role in dam construction. Firstly, it maintains the stability of the dam structure. When large amounts of water seep into the dam, it alters the soil's moisture content, porosity, and other physical properties, reducing soil strength and potentially leading to collapse, landslides, and other forms of damage. Seepage control prevents this. Secondly, it ensures the dam's flood control function. If seepage control fails, during flood season, large amounts of water will seep in and permeate the dam, weakening its ability to withstand floods and potentially causing it to breach. Seepage control ensures that the dam effectively blocks floodwaters, protecting the surrounding area.

[0004] In existing technologies, commonly used seepage prevention techniques include grouting, which requires injecting grout into each hole, taking several months to complete; concrete cut-off wall construction requires large equipment, resulting in high unit costs; traditional polymer geomembranes are susceptible to UV aging and mechanical damage, with an average lifespan of only 10-15 years; rigid structures cannot adapt to uneven settlement of dams, leading to a high rate of cracking; and traditional rigid protection causes disruption of river ecosystems, hinders fish migration, and reduces biodiversity. Therefore, a dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure is proposed to address these issues. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides a seepage prevention and reinforcement structure for dams, aiming to improve the problems of high cost, insufficient durability and impact on biodiversity in existing seepage prevention structures.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A seepage prevention and reinforcement structure for a dam includes a dam and a drainage layer, wherein a reinforcement mechanism is provided between the dam and the drainage layer, and an ecological protection mechanism is provided outside the drainage layer.

[0008] The reinforcement mechanism includes a seepage-proof layer, the left side of which is fixedly connected to the right side of the dam, and the right side of which is fixedly connected to a reinforcement layer by bolts. A buffer layer is filled between the reinforcement layer and the seepage-proof layer, and the left side of the drainage layer is fixedly connected to the right side of the reinforcement layer.

[0009] The above technical solution involves placing the reinforcement mechanism between the dam and the drainage layer, while placing the ecological protection mechanism outside the drainage layer. This layout constructs a complete dam seepage prevention, reinforcement, and ecological protection system. The reinforcement mechanism enhances the dam's seepage prevention and structural stability, while the ecological protection mechanism protects and improves the surrounding ecological environment while ensuring the dam's function. The two work together to comprehensively improve the dam's performance.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0011] The ecological protection mechanism includes multiple permeable baffles, and multiple planting troughs are provided on the outer right side of the drainage layer. The permeable baffles are fixedly connected to the outer side of two adjacent planting troughs, and a slow-release fertilizer layer is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the planting trough.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, the setting of multiple permeable baffles and multiple planting troughs is an important part of the ecological protection mechanism. The permeable baffles help maintain the stability of the water and soil environment in the planting troughs and ensure the reasonable flow of water. The slow-release fertilizer layer on the inner wall of the planting trough provides nutrients for plant growth, which is conducive to better plant growth in the planting troughs and thus better exerts the ecological functions of plants in purifying water quality and fixing soil.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The thickness of the impermeable layer is 5mm, and the shape of the impermeable layer is honeycomb-shaped, with microcapsule self-healing sealant filling inside.

[0015] Through the above technical solution: the seepage barrier layer adopts a high-polymer seepage barrier material, which has good seepage barrier performance and can effectively prevent water penetration. Its honeycomb shape further increases the density of the material, and the microcapsule self-healing sealant filled inside gives the seepage barrier layer a self-healing ability. When cracks appear, they can be repaired in time, which improves the durability and reliability of the seepage barrier layer and ensures the seepage prevention effect of the dam.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] The thickness of the reinforcement layer is 10 mm, and the internal structure of the reinforcement layer is a mesh.

[0018] The above technical solution uses glass fiber reinforced composite material for the reinforcement layer. This material itself has high strength, and its grid-like internal structure allows the glass fiber and resin to form an orthotropic structure with high tensile strength, which can withstand greater external pressure and impact. By connecting with the seepage prevention layer, the stability of the entire dam structure is improved, and the dam is protected from external damage.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0020] The thickness of the buffer layer is 5-8mm, and the drainage layer is made of graded crushed stone with a particle size of 10-20mm.

[0021] Through the above technical solutions: the buffer layer is made of elastic rubber. When uneven settlement occurs in the dam, the elastic rubber can absorb the generated shear stress, avoid stress concentration and transmission to the seepage prevention layer, prevent the seepage prevention layer from brittle fracture due to stress concentration, and extend the service life of the seepage prevention layer and the entire reinforcement structure. The drainage layer is made of a mixture of graded crushed stone and biochar, which can quickly drain the water that seeps into the dam, reduce the water pressure inside the dam, reduce the risk of water pressure damage to the dam structure, and maintain the stability of the dam structure.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0023] The interior of the permeable baffle is a porous structure, and the interior of the multiple lower planting troughs is equipped with algae-eating microbial carriers.

[0024] The above technical solution utilizes porous concrete as the permeable baffle, which has excellent permeability, ensuring smooth water flow, maintaining the water balance within the planting trough and the stability of the dam, and creating a suitable water environment for plant growth. The algae-eating microbial carriers installed inside the lower planting trough can adsorb and decompose algae and organic matter, keeping the water clean and preventing excessive algae growth from damaging the water quality and ecological environment, thus playing an important role in maintaining the ecological health of the aquatic area.

[0025] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0026] The bottom side of the slow-release fertilizer layer is fixedly connected to a water-retaining substrate, and the bottom of the water-retaining substrate is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the planting trough.

[0027] The above technical solution, with the water-retaining substrate and slow-release fertilizer layer working together, provides long-term water and nutrient support for plant growth, helping plants to better perform their ecological functions in dam protection.

[0028] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0029] Multiple upper planting troughs are planted with erosion-resistant herbaceous plants, while multiple middle planting troughs are planted with emergent plants.

[0030] The above technical solution involves planting erosion-resistant herbaceous plants (such as bermudagrass and zoysia grass) in the upper planting trough to form a dense protective layer, and planting emergent plants (such as calamus and canna lily) in the middle planting trough. Their roots penetrate the drainage layer, enhancing the soil stabilization capacity. The synergistic effect of plants and microorganisms can not only purify the water quality, but also enhance the erosion resistance of the dam.

[0031] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. In this utility model, the seepage barrier layer is made of honeycomb polymer material with a dense internal structure, which can effectively block water penetration. Moreover, it is filled with microcapsule self-healing sealant. When cracks appear, the microcapsules rupture and release the repair material, maintaining the integrity and seepage barrier performance of the seepage barrier layer. The reinforcement layer is a grid-like glass fiber reinforced composite material, which is connected to the seepage barrier layer by bolts, improving the overall stability and enabling it to withstand greater external pressure and impact. The two work together to ensure the seepage barrier function of the dam and enhance the overall structural stability, preventing structural damage caused by external pressure and other factors from affecting the seepage barrier effect.

[0033] 2. In this utility model, the planting trough has multiple configurations. The algae-eating microbial carrier (such as zeolite balls) in the lower planting trough can adsorb and decompose algae and organic matter in the water, preventing excessive algae growth and maintaining water quality. The upper planting trough is used to plant erosion-resistant herbaceous plants (such as bermudagrass and zoysia grass) to form a dense protective layer. The middle planting trough is used to plant emergent plants (such as calamus and canna lily), whose roots penetrate the drainage layer to enhance soil stabilization. The synergistic effect of plants and microorganisms can not only purify water quality but also enhance the erosion resistance of the dam. The slow-release fertilizer layer in the planting trough can slowly release nutrients to provide long-term nutritional support for the plants. The water-retaining substrate is made of highly absorbent resin, which can absorb and retain water, creating a good water environment for plant growth and helping plants grow better, thereby better exerting the ecological functions of plants in soil and water conservation and water purification. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure proposed in this utility model;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement mechanism of a dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure proposed in this utility model;

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0038] Legend:

[0039] 1. Embankment; 2. Drainage layer; 3. Reinforcement structure; 301. Impermeable layer; 302. Buffer layer; 303. Reinforcement layer; 4. Ecological protection structure; 401. Planting trough; 402. Permeable partition; 403. Slow-release fertilizer layer; 404. Water-retaining substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3This utility model provides an embodiment of a dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure, including a dam 1 and a drainage layer 2. A reinforcement mechanism 3 is provided between the dam 1 and the drainage layer 2, and an ecological protection mechanism 4 is provided on the outside of the drainage layer 2. The reinforcement mechanism 3 includes a seepage-proof layer 301. The left side of the seepage-proof layer 301 is fixedly connected to the right side of the dam 1 as the main support structure, and its right side is tightly attached to the seepage-proof layer 301, providing the basic load-bearing capacity for the entire reinforcement system. After surface pretreatment, it forms a mechanical interlock with the seepage-proof layer 301, enhancing the interfacial adhesion and preventing interlayer slippage. The seepage-proof layer 301 is made of high-polymer seepage-proof material with a thickness of 5mm. The seepage-proof layer 301 has a honeycomb shape and is filled with microcapsule self-healing sealant. The seepage-proof layer 301 can effectively block the seepage path of water molecules. When the internal microcapsules are compressed and ruptured when the cracks expand, they release epoxy resin to fill the gaps, achieving cracks smaller than 0.3mm. The self-repair mechanism is achieved by bolting a reinforcement layer 303 to the right side of the impermeable layer 301. The reinforcement layer 303 is made of glass fiber reinforced composite material with a thickness of 10mm. The internal structure of the reinforcement layer 303 is a mesh. The mesh glass fiber cloth of the reinforcement layer 303 is combined with resin to form an orthotropic structure with high tensile strength. It is anchored to the impermeable layer 301 by M12 bolts to form a rigid-flexible composite support system. A buffer layer 302 is filled between the reinforcement layer 303 and the impermeable layer 301. The buffer layer 302 is made of elastic rubber with a thickness of 5-8mm. It can absorb the shear stress generated by the uneven settlement of the dam 1 and prevent the impermeable layer 301 from brittle fracture due to stress concentration. The left side of the drainage layer 2 is fixedly connected to the right side of the reinforcement layer 303. The drainage layer 2 uses graded crushed stone with a particle size of 10-20mm, which can quickly drain the infiltrated water and reduce the water pressure inside the dam 1.

[0042] Specifically, the honeycomb polymer material structure of the seepage barrier layer 301 is dense and contains microcapsule self-healing sealant, which can effectively block the seepage path of water molecules and self-repair small cracks, ensuring good seepage prevention effect. The reinforcement layer 303 and the seepage barrier layer 301 form a rigid-flexible composite support system, which improves the overall structural stability and indirectly ensures the durability of the seepage prevention function. The grid-like glass fiber reinforced composite material of the reinforcement layer 303 has high tensile strength and can withstand greater external pressure and impact. The buffer layer 302 can absorb the shear stress generated by the uneven settlement of the dam, avoid the brittle fracture of the seepage barrier layer 301, and extend the service life of the structure. The drainage layer 2 can quickly drain the infiltrated water, reduce the internal water pressure, reduce the risk of damage to the structure, and maintain the stability of the structure.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4The ecological protection mechanism 4 includes multiple permeable baffles 402. Multiple planting troughs 401 are located on the outer right side of the drainage layer 2. Algae-eating microbial carriers are installed inside the lower planting troughs 401. Various types of plants are planted in the planting troughs: erosion-resistant herbaceous plants are planted in the upper planting troughs 401, while emergent plants are planted in the middle planting troughs 401. The lower algae-eating microbial carriers adsorb and decompose algae and organic matter, maintaining water quality. Different plants are planted in different locations. The plant roots fix the soil, enhance soil stabilization, purify water, and enhance erosion resistance. The permeable baffles 402 are externally fixedly connected to two planting troughs 401. On the adjacent side, the interior of the permeable baffle 402 has a porous structure and is made of concrete, which allows water to flow through and ensures smooth drainage, maintaining the internal stability of the dam 1. The inner wall of the planting trough 401 is fixedly connected to a slow-release fertilizer layer 403, which is made of microcapsule controlled-release fertilizer, which can slowly release nutrients to provide long-term nutritional support for plants. The bottom side of the slow-release fertilizer layer 403 is fixedly connected to a water-retaining substrate 404, which is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the planting trough 401. The water-retaining substrate 404 is made of highly absorbent resin, which can absorb and retain water, creating a good water environment for plant growth.

[0044] Specifically, the algae-eating microbial carriers in the planting trough 401 adsorb and decompose algae and organic matter to keep the water clean. The roots of plants in different locations fix the soil, purify the water, and enhance the resistance to erosion, thus jointly achieving the ecological purification function. The permeable baffle 402 ensures smooth water flow and maintains internal stability while providing a suitable water environment for plant growth. The slow-release fertilizer layer 403 slowly releases nutrients, and the water-retaining substrate 404 absorbs and retains water, providing long-term nutritional and water support for plant growth and helping plants to better perform their ecological functions in dam protection.

[0045] Working principle: The seepage barrier layer 301 is made of honeycomb polymer material. Its dense internal structure can effectively block water penetration. When cracks appear in the seepage barrier layer 301, the microcapsule self-healing sealant inside will rupture and release the repair material, which will automatically fill the cracks, thereby maintaining the integrity and seepage prevention performance of the seepage barrier layer 301. The elastic rubber buffer layer 302 is located between the seepage barrier layer 301 and the reinforcement layer 303. The buffer layer 302 can absorb the deformation stress caused by geological changes or external pressure on the dam 1, and avoid the stress being directly transmitted to the seepage barrier layer 301, thereby extending the service life of the entire structure. The grid-like glass fiber reinforced composite reinforcement layer 303 is fixedly connected to the seepage barrier layer 301 by bolts. This structure improves the overall stability of the dam 1 and can withstand greater external pressure and impact. The drainage layer 2, composed of graded crushed stone and biochar mixture, has good permeability. The drainage layer 2 can quickly drain the infiltrated water, reduce the water pressure inside the dam 1, and improve the overall stability and seepage prevention performance of the dam 1.

[0046] The slow-release fertilizer layer 403 within the planting trough 401 slowly releases nutrients, providing long-term nutritional support for the plants. The water-retaining substrate 404, made of highly absorbent resin, absorbs and retains moisture, creating a favorable water environment for plant growth. The plant roots not only stabilize the soil and prevent soil erosion but also form a biofilm, further enhancing the seepage prevention effect. The porous concrete permeable baffle 402 has excellent permeability, allowing water to flow through. The algae-eating microbial carrier (such as zeolite balls) within the lower planting trough 401 adsorbs and decomposes algae and organic matter in the water, preventing excessive algae growth. To maintain water quality, the upper planting trough 401 is used to plant erosion-resistant herbaceous plants (such as bermudagrass and zoysia grass) to form a dense protective layer. The middle planting trough 401 is used to plant emergent plants (such as calamus and canna lily). Their roots penetrate the drainage layer 2, enhancing soil stabilization. The synergistic effect of plants and microorganisms not only purifies the water quality but also enhances the erosion resistance of the dam 1. The design of the permeable baffle 402 and the drainage layer 2 ensures smooth water flow and maintains the internal stability of the dam 1. The eco-friendly design concept not only achieves seepage prevention and reinforcement of the dam 1 but also protects the ecological environment of the water area.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A seepage prevention and reinforcement structure for a dam, comprising a dam (1) and a drainage layer (2), characterized in that: A reinforcement mechanism (3) is provided between the dam (1) and the drainage layer (2), and an ecological protection mechanism (4) is provided on the outside of the drainage layer (2). The reinforcement mechanism (3) includes a seepage-proof layer (301), the left side of which is fixedly connected to the right side of the dam (1), and a reinforcement layer (303) is fixedly connected to the right side of the seepage-proof layer (301) by bolts. A buffer layer (302) is filled between the reinforcement layer (303) and the seepage-proof layer (301), and the left side of the drainage layer (2) is fixedly connected to the right side of the reinforcement layer (303).

2. The dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological protection mechanism (4) includes multiple permeable baffles (402), and multiple planting troughs (401) are provided on the outer right side of the drainage layer (2). The permeable baffles (402) are fixedly connected to the outside of two planting troughs (401) on the same side. The inner wall of the planting trough (401) is fixedly connected to a slow-release fertilizer layer (403).

3. The dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the impermeable layer (301) is 5 mm, and the shape of the impermeable layer (301) is honeycomb-shaped, and its interior is filled with microcapsule self-healing sealant.

4. The dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the reinforcing layer (303) is 10 mm, and the internal structure of the reinforcing layer (303) is a mesh.

5. The dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the buffer layer (302) is 5-8mm, and the drainage layer (2) is made of graded crushed stone with a particle size of 10-20mm.

6. The dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interior of the permeable baffle (402) is porous, and the interior of the multiple lower planting troughs (401) is provided with algae-eating microbial carriers.

7. The dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom side of the slow-release fertilizer layer (403) is fixedly connected to a water-retaining substrate (404), and the bottom of the water-retaining substrate (404) is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the planting trough (401).

8. The dam seepage prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple upper planting troughs (401) are planted with erosion-resistant herbaceous plants, and multiple middle planting troughs (401) are planted with emergent plants.

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