Slope structure for preventing and controlling water and soil loss in initial vegetation recovery stage
By combining vegetation mats, infiltration walls, and geomembranes, the problem of soil erosion on slopes has been solved, achieving rapid construction and low-cost prevention and control effects, while also promoting vegetation restoration and ecological restoration.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KUNMING ENG & RES INST OF NONFERROUS METALLURGY
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing slope soil and water conservation measures are slow to implement, costly, and have limited effectiveness. They also tend to be less effective when the slope is susceptible to water erosion, especially in high-velocity areas where they can lead to soil loss and siltation of drainage facilities.
The structure combines vegetation mats, infiltration walls, and geomembranes. Grass seeds are placed inside the vegetation mats to fix them on the slope, while the infiltration walls intercept large particles of sediment. Geomembranes are laid in the drainage ditches, forming a triple synergistic mechanism for intercepting and stabilizing soil and guiding water.
It achieves rapid construction, low cost, effective prevention of soil erosion, promotes vegetation restoration, enhances slope stability, avoids soil loss and drainage ditch siltation, and has ecological friendliness and long-term benefits.
Smart Images
Figure CN224227819U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of slope treatment technology, specifically relating to a slope structure that is simple in structure, low in cost, quick and flexible in construction, and has a good prevention and control effect in preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration. Background Technology
[0002] Temporary slopes formed by earthwork excavation and stockpiling, as well as slopes of permanent dumps such as spoil heaps, waste rock dumps, and gangue dumps, can lead to significant soil erosion and severe water and soil loss if not properly managed before vegetation restoration (i.e., in the early stages of vegetation restoration). This not only damages soil fertility but also easily clogs drainage ditches, canals, and other facilities, and may even trigger disasters such as landslides and collapses. Therefore, it is especially necessary to carry out water and soil conservation measures during the early stages of vegetation restoration on slopes.
[0003] Currently, slope soil and water conservation measures mainly include grass planting, geonetting, mixed shrub and grass planting, climbing plant planting, masonry, bamboo and wood pile planting, and gabion planting. While these measures can effectively reduce soil erosion and protect the ecological environment to some extent, and improve soil fertility, they all suffer from slow construction, slow results, and limited initial soil erosion control. Some measures also have drawbacks such as high cost, extensive maintenance, and difficulty in vegetation restoration. Although these measures can be combined to leverage their advantages and mitigate their disadvantages for different projects and application scenarios, this complicates construction processes, further delaying construction and increasing project costs.
[0004] In existing technologies, to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned prevention and control measures, ecological bag slope protection technology is employed. This involves stacking ecological bags filled with a mixture of soil, fertilizer, grass seeds, and other materials on the slope according to certain rules to form a slope protection structure. This method is not only fast to construct and low in cost, but also has a significant prevention and control effect. Furthermore, the ecological bags are permeable to water but impermeable to soil. As plants grow, their roots penetrate the ecological bags and intertwine with each other, tightly binding the ecological bags and the soil, enhancing slope stability and reducing soil erosion. However, on slopes with high water flow velocity and volume, the stacked or simply connected ecological bags are prone to loosening and falling off, leading to a decrease in the protective effect. In addition, the soil washed down from the slope by the water flow is easily lost, and drainage ditches, channels, and other facilities are also easily clogged. In addition, there is a three-dimensional vegetation net slope protection technology that involves laying a three-dimensional mesh structure on the slope, filling the mesh with soil, and then sowing grass seeds or planting plants to form a three-dimensional vegetation net composite of root system and mesh mat. Although it has the advantages of fast construction, low cost and obvious prevention and control effect, and can also improve the ability to resist slope runoff to a certain extent, its erosion resistance is still limited and it is not suitable for high flow velocity areas. Moreover, the problem of soil loss and siltation of drainage ditches and channels after erosion still exists.
[0005] Therefore, in order to reduce soil erosion on slopes, lower the cost of slope soil and water conservation measures, and improve the effectiveness of slope soil and water conservation measures, it is particularly important to study a slope structure that can use local materials as much as possible, is quick and flexible to construct, and has a good prevention and control effect. Utility Model Content
[0006] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, this utility model provides a slope structure that is simple in structure, low in cost, quick and flexible in construction, and has a good prevention and control effect on soil and water loss in the early stage of vegetation restoration.
[0007] The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to this utility model is implemented as follows: it includes a slope, a drainage ditch, and a geomembrane. The drainage ditch is set laterally at the downstream end of the slope, and the geomembrane is laid in the drainage ditch. It also includes a permeable wall and a vegetation mat. The permeable wall is set laterally between the toe of the slope and the drainage ditch. The vegetation mat is made of plant fiber and filled with grass seeds. The vegetation mat is fixed to the slope surface by anchor nails.
[0008] Furthermore, the original soil is compacted along the pre-set drainage ditch downstream of the slope to form compacted soil, and a drainage ditch is excavated on the compacted soil to form a drainage ditch, and the geomembrane is laid in the cross section of the drainage ditch.
[0009] Furthermore, the cross-section of the drainage ditch is trapezoidal, semi-circular, rectangular, or arc-shaped.
[0010] Furthermore, the upper part of the vegetation mat extends to the top of the slope and the lower part extends to the corner of the infiltration wall. The vegetation mat is fixed to the slope surface and top of the slope by a number of anchor nails that are spaced apart.
[0011] Furthermore, the anchoring nail is a wooden nail, a bamboo nail, or a metal nail.
[0012] Furthermore, the infiltration wall is a dry-laid stone structure or a concrete structure with water guiding holes, and the cross-section of the infiltration wall is rectangular, trapezoidal or parabolic.
[0013] Furthermore, a trench is excavated on both sides of the cross-section of the drainage ditch, and the geomembrane laid in the drainage ditch extends into the trench on both sides and is compacted with gravel and soil.
[0014] Furthermore, the drainage ditch extends from the side of the infiltration wall to below the infiltration wall, which is set on top of the crushed stone soil compacted with geomembrane on the side of the slope.
[0015] Furthermore, the trench is a stepped trench with an inverted "L" shaped cross-section, and the side of the geomembrane is laid on the stepped surface of the stepped trench.
[0016] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] 1. This utility model employs a drainage ditch combination of vegetation mat, infiltration wall, and geomembrane. The vegetation mat laid on the slope can prevent initial soil erosion, and the grass seeds in the vegetation mat can also prevent soil erosion for a long time after they grow. The infiltration wall downstream of the slope can intercept large particles of silt during the 2 to 3 year natural recovery period, thus storing them between the infiltration wall and the slope toe to avoid soil erosion and siltation and blockage of the drainage ditch. The drainage ditch with geomembrane has good drainage of water from the slope surface, and can also prevent soil erosion caused by secondary soil erosion in the drainage ditch. Therefore, this utility model has a good effect on preventing soil erosion.
[0018] 2. The anchoring nails, boulders, gravel, and soil required for the infiltration wall and drainage ditch of this utility model can be sourced locally. Vegetation mats and geomembranes are readily available products. Due to the wide availability of materials, no complex processes or special equipment are required, thus effectively reducing construction costs. Moreover, the vegetation mats are fixed to the slope surface by anchoring nails, and the infiltration wall can be selected from dry-laid boulders or concrete structures with drainage holes, depending on the actual situation. Furthermore, the cross-sectional forms of the infiltration wall, drainage ditch, and trench are diverse, so construction is not only quick but also flexible enough to adapt to different slope terrains and engineering needs, thereby significantly shortening the construction period and improving construction flexibility.
[0019] 3. The grass seeds in the vegetation mat of this utility model can grow naturally and promote vegetation restoration without the need for replanting. The vegetation mat is made of plants, and the plant fibers can be converted into organic matter after degradation, which can improve soil fertility. In addition, the permeable structure of the infiltration wall can maintain soil-water exchange and avoid the ecological blockage of concrete slope protection. Therefore, the combined structure of vegetation mat and infiltration wall of this utility model has the advantages of being eco-friendly and having long-term benefits. It is superior to the single function of existing concrete slope protection and wire mesh gabion technology, and realizes the synergy of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration.
[0020] In summary, this utility model utilizes a triple synergistic innovation mechanism—infiltration walls to intercept sediment, vegetation blankets for rapid soil stabilization and greening, and drainage ditches combined with geomembranes for erosion prevention—to not only improve construction efficiency but also prevent soil erosion through multiple stages of "interception-soil stabilization-water diversion," thereby enhancing initial protection. Furthermore, it achieves a balance between ecology and economy through low maintenance costs and a high success rate of vegetation restoration. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;
[0022] In the diagram, 1-slope, 2-drainage ditch, 3-geomembrane, 4-filtration wall, 5-vegetation mat, 6-anchor nail, 7-compacted soil, 8-gravel soil, 9-natural ground. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model includes a slope 1, a drainage ditch 2, and a geomembrane 3. The drainage ditch 2 is arranged laterally downstream of the slope 1, and the geomembrane 3 is laid inside the drainage ditch 2. It also includes a filter wall 4 and a vegetation mat 5. The filter wall 4 extends laterally between the toe of the slope 1 and the drainage ditch 2. The vegetation mat 5 is made of plant fiber and contains grass seeds. The vegetation mat 5 is fixed to the slope surface of the slope 1 by anchor nails 6.
[0025] Downstream of the slope 1, the original soil is compacted along the pre-set drainage ditch 2 to form compacted soil 7. A ditch section is excavated on the compacted soil 7 to form drainage ditch 2. The geomembrane 3 is laid in the ditch section of drainage ditch 2.
[0026] The cross-section of the drainage ditch 2 is trapezoidal, semi-circular, rectangular, or arc-shaped.
[0027] The upper part of the vegetation mat 5 extends to the top of the slope 1 and the lower part extends to the corner of the infiltration wall 4. The vegetation mat 5 is fixed to the slope surface and top of the slope 1 by a number of anchor nails 6 arranged at intervals.
[0028] The anchor nail 6 is a wooden nail, bamboo nail, or metal nail.
[0029] The infiltration wall 4 is a dry-laid stone structure or a concrete structure with water guiding holes, and the cross-section of the infiltration wall 4 is rectangular, trapezoidal or parabolic.
[0030] The drainage ditch 2 has a trench excavated on both sides of its cross-section. The geomembrane 3 laid in the drainage ditch 2 extends into the trench on both sides and is compacted with crushed stone and soil 8.
[0031] The drainage ditch 2 extends from the side of the permeable wall 4 to the bottom of the permeable wall 4. The permeable wall 4 is set on the top of the gravelly soil 8 with the geomembrane 3 compacted on the side of the slope 1.
[0032] The trench is a stepped trench with an inverted "L" shaped cross-section, and the side of the geomembrane 3 is laid on the stepped surface of the stepped trench.
[0033] The working principle and process of this utility model:
[0034] like Figure 1As shown, a vegetation mat 5 made of plant fiber and filled with grass seeds is laid on the slope 1, with the upper part of the vegetation mat 5 extending to the top of the slope 1 and the lower part extending to the corner of the infiltration wall 4. Then, the vegetation mat 5 is anchored to the slope 1 with anchor nails 6. At the same time, the original soil at the pre-set drainage ditch 2 downstream of the slope 1 is compacted to form compacted soil 7. Then, the cross-section of the drainage ditch 2 is excavated on the compacted soil 7, and strip trenches with inverted "L" shaped cross-sections are excavated on the original soil on both sides of the compacted soil 7. Then, a geomembrane 3 is laid in the cross-section of the drainage ditch 2, and the two sides of the geomembrane 3 are extended into the strip trenches. Then, the strip trenches are backfilled with gravel soil 8 to compact the geomembrane 3. On the side of the drainage ditch 2 near the slope 1, the upper part of the strip trench backfilled with gravel soil 8 is dry-laid with a block stone structure infiltration wall 4, thus completing the construction of the slope structure to prevent soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration.
[0035] The slope structure constructed above for preventing soil erosion in the early stages of vegetation restoration, with the vegetation mat 5 fixed to the slope surface of the slope 1 by anchor nails 6, can prevent soil erosion in the early stages of vegetation restoration. Moreover, the grass seeds in the vegetation mat 5 can also prevent soil erosion for a long time after they grow. The vegetation mat 5 is made of plant fiber and can be converted into organic matter after degradation, which can improve soil fertility. Meanwhile, the dry-laid stone permeable wall 4 constructed downstream of the slope 1 has good water permeability. It can block large particles of silt and filter out excess precipitation, thus avoiding soil erosion and siltation and blockage of the drainage ditch 2. The drainage ditch 2 of the geomembrane 3 has good drainage of water from the slope surface, and can also prevent the bottom of the drainage ditch 2 from being eroded by secondary water loss.
[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration, comprising a slope (1), a drainage ditch (2), and a geomembrane (3), wherein the drainage ditch (2) is arranged laterally downstream of the slope (1), and the geomembrane (3) is laid inside the drainage ditch (2); characterized in that: It also includes a permeable wall (4) and a vegetation mat (5). The permeable wall (4) is set horizontally between the toe of the slope (1) and the drainage ditch (2). The vegetation mat (5) is made of plant fiber and filled with grass seeds. The vegetation mat (5) is fixed to the slope surface of the slope (1) by anchor nails (6).
2. The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: Downstream of the slope (1), the original soil is compacted along the pre-set drainage ditch (2) to form compacted soil (7). A ditch section is excavated on the compacted soil (7) to form a drainage ditch (2). The geomembrane (3) is laid in the ditch section of the drainage ditch (2).
3. The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drainage ditch (2) has a trapezoidal, semi-circular, rectangular or arc-shaped cross section.
4. The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the vegetation mat (5) extends to the top of the slope (1) and the lower part extends to the corner of the infiltration wall (4). The vegetation mat (5) is fixed to the slope surface and top of the slope (1) by a number of anchor nails (6) arranged at intervals.
5. The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anchor nail (6) is a wooden nail, a bamboo nail, or a metal nail.
6. The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The infiltration wall (4) is a dry-laid stone structure or a concrete structure with water guiding holes, and the cross-section of the infiltration wall (4) is rectangular, trapezoidal or parabolic.
7. The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drainage ditch (2) has a trench excavated on both sides of its cross section. The geomembrane (3) laid in the drainage ditch (2) extends into the trench on both sides and is compacted with gravel and soil (8).
8. The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drainage ditch (2) extends from the side of the permeable wall (4) to the bottom of the permeable wall (4), which is set on the top of the gravelly soil (8) compacted with geomembrane (3) on the side of the slope (1).
9. The slope structure for preventing soil erosion in the early stage of vegetation restoration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ditch is a stepped ditch with an inverted "L" shaped cross section, and the side of the geomembrane (3) is laid on the stepped surface of the stepped ditch.