Intelligent anti-backflow smoke drainage device in building

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of building fire protection, in particular to an intelligent anti-backflow smoke drainage device in a building, which comprises a smoke exhaust main pipeline. The worm gear and the transmission worm are meshed and linked to synchronously deflect all the guide vanes to form a one-way guide barrier, the negative pressure generator is combined to enhance local suction force at the inlets of the branch guide pipelines, smoke backflow is doubly blocked, and then the pressure sensor monitors air pressure fluctuation of the smoke exhaust main pipeline in real time; the controller dynamically adjusts the power of the smoke exhaust fan and the angles of the guide vanes to maintain stable airflow during multi-floor smoke exhaust, the high-temperature-resistant protective cover protects the anti-backflow smoke guide assembly from high-temperature erosion, and the independent smoke sensors in the branch guide pipelines trigger the controller to directionally open and close the corresponding pipelines to avoid airflow interference in a clean area. The flow guide blades are physically blocked, the negative pressure generator actively sucks, the smoke exhaust fan is globally regulated and controlled, and the overall cooperative operation is achieved, so that the backflow and efficiency defects of a traditional smoke exhaust system are jointly overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building fire protection technology, and in particular to an intelligent smoke extraction device for preventing backflow in buildings. Background Technology

[0002] In modern building structures, intelligent backflow prevention smoke extraction systems are crucial for ensuring the safety of people and minimizing property damage. As buildings become increasingly larger and more complex, traditional mechanical smoke extraction systems are gradually being replaced by intelligent backflow prevention smoke extraction systems. These systems, through the installation of multiple smoke extraction ducts, enable the rapid collection and discharge of smoke from different areas, effectively reducing smoke concentration within the building and buying valuable time for evacuation and fire rescue.

[0003] However, existing intelligent backflow prevention smoke extraction devices have certain shortcomings in practical applications. Currently, when multiple pipes are used for smoke extraction at the same time, the airflow between the pipes will interfere with each other, forming eddies and turbulence. This airflow interference not only increases the flow resistance of smoke in the pipes, but also causes some smoke to backflow and fail to be discharged from the building in time. As a result, the smoke extraction efficiency drops significantly, making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid smoke extraction in emergency situations such as fires, and seriously threatening the lives of people inside the building. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an intelligent anti-backflow smoke exhaust device for buildings, which has the advantages of synchronous angle adjustment of all guide vanes to form a one-way flow barrier, guide the airflow in the branch pipes, and prevent airflow interference and smoke backflow. It solves the problem that the airflow between pipes will interfere with each other, forming eddies and turbulence. This airflow interference not only increases the flow resistance of smoke in the pipes, but also causes some smoke to backflow and cannot be discharged from the building in time.

[0005] This application provides an intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings, employing the following technical solution: It includes a main smoke extraction duct, with multiple branch guide ducts fixedly installed on the inner side of the main duct. Each branch guide duct has an anti-backflow smoke guiding component inside, each component comprising multiple rotating shafts rotatably connected to the inner side of the branch guide ducts. Each rotating shaft has guide vanes fixedly installed on its outer side. The top of each rotating shaft extends through the inner side of the branch guide duct to the outside. Each rotating shaft has a worm gear fixedly connected to its end. A transmission worm is provided on the outer side of each rotating shaft, meshing with each worm gear. A protective component is provided on the outer side of each anti-backflow smoke guiding component. A controller is fixedly installed on the outer side of the main smoke extraction duct.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, a vertical smoke exhaust channel is formed by setting up the main smoke exhaust pipe and branch diversion pipes to penetrate the building floors. Then, the anti-backflow smoke guide component realizes the synchronous angle adjustment of all guide vanes through the meshing of the worm gear and the transmission worm. This avoids the mutual interference of airflow when multiple pipes exhaust smoke at the same time, thus preventing the formation of eddies and turbulence. It effectively reduces the flow resistance of smoke in the pipe and prevents smoke backflow, thereby significantly improving the overall smoke exhaust efficiency. At the same time, the controller dynamically controls the opening and closing angle of the guide vanes and the power output of the smoke exhaust fan based on the monitoring signals of the pressure sensor and the smoke sensor, effectively blocking the smoke backflow.

[0007] Preferably, the anti-backflow smoke guiding assembly further includes two fixed seats fixedly connected to the upper side of the branch guiding pipe, and the two ends of the transmission worm are respectively rotatably connected to the inner side of the fixed seat. A servo motor is fixedly embedded on the outer side of one of the fixed seats, and the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission worm.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the servo motor drives the transmission worm gear to rotate, thereby achieving synchronous deflection of multiple guide vanes.

[0009] Preferably, a pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the main exhaust duct, and the pressure sensor and the controller are electrically connected.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure changes in the main exhaust duct in real time, and the controller automatically adjusts the speed of the exhaust fan according to the air pressure fluctuations to maintain the negative pressure stability of the main duct and prevent airflow interference when exhausting smoke from multiple floors.

[0011] Preferably, a smoke exhaust fan is fixedly installed on the inner side of the main smoke exhaust duct, and the controller is electrically connected to the smoke exhaust fan.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the start-up, shutdown, and power output of the smoke exhaust fan are centrally controlled by the controller. Combined with the alarm signals from the smoke sensors on each floor, smoke exhaust resources can be allocated on demand, avoiding energy waste.

[0013] Preferably, a smoke sensor is fixedly installed on the inner side of each of the branch diversion pipes, and each smoke sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the smoke sensors in each branch diversion duct can monitor the smoke concentration in each branch diversion duct in real time, providing data support for the controller to judge the smoke exhaust situation in each area, so that the controller can adjust the operation of components such as the anti-backflow smoke guide assembly and the smoke exhaust fan in a targeted manner to achieve precise smoke exhaust.

[0015] Preferably, a negative pressure generator is provided on the inner side of each of the branch diversion pipes, and each of the negative pressure generators is electrically connected to the controller.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, when the smoke concentration is high or the airflow interference is severe, the negative pressure generator can be started under the control of the controller to form a negative pressure in the branch diversion pipe, enhance the smoke suction capacity, assist the anti-backflow smoke guide component to quickly discharge the smoke, and further improve the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0017] Preferably, the protective component includes a high-temperature resistant protective cover, the overall shape of which is adapted to the shape of the anti-backflow smoke guide component. The high-temperature resistant protective cover is fixedly connected to the outside of the branch guide pipe by bolts, and a barrier plate is inserted into the inside of the high-temperature resistant protective cover.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solutions, the high-temperature resistant protective cover isolates the transmission components from the corrosion of high-temperature flue gas, thereby improving the service life of the equipment.

[0019] Preferably, the inner sides of both the main exhaust pipe and the branch diversion pipe are coated with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the high-temperature resistant ceramic coating covers the inner wall of the main exhaust pipe and the branch diversion pipe, which can improve the high-temperature resistance and wear resistance of the pipe, reduce the corrosion of the pipe inner wall by smoke, extend the service life of the pipe, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the exhaust system.

[0021] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] This intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings uses a worm gear and transmission worm to mesh and synchronously deflect all guide vanes, forming a one-way flow barrier. Combined with a negative pressure generator at the inlet of the branch guide duct to enhance local suction, it effectively blocks smoke backflow. Subsequently, pressure sensors monitor the air pressure fluctuations in the main exhaust duct in real time, and the controller dynamically adjusts the power of the exhaust fan and the angle of the guide vanes to maintain stable airflow during multi-story smoke extraction. A high-temperature resistant protective cover protects the anti-backflow smoke extraction components from high-temperature corrosion. Independent smoke sensors in each branch guide duct trigger the controller to directionally open and close the corresponding duct, avoiding airflow interference in clean areas. The physical barrier of the guide vanes, the active suction of the negative pressure generator, and the global control of the exhaust fan work together to solve the backflow and efficiency defects of traditional smoke extraction systems. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the entire application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the branch diversion pipe in this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the branch diversion pipe in this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the anti-backflow smoke guiding assembly of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the protective component of this application.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Main exhaust duct; 2. Branch diversion duct; 3. Anti-backflow smoke guiding assembly; 301. Rotating shaft; 302. Guide vane; 303. Worm gear; 304. Fixed base; 305. Transmission worm; 306. Servo motor; 4. Protective components; 401. High-temperature resistant protective cover; 402. Barrier plate; 5. Pressure sensor; 6. Controller; 7. Exhaust fan; 8. Smoke sensor; 9. Negative pressure generator. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 6 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0032] Example 1: An intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings includes a main smoke extraction duct 1. Multiple branch guide ducts 2 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the main smoke extraction duct 1. The main smoke extraction duct 1 and the branch guide ducts 2 form a vertical smoke extraction channel penetrating through the building floors. Each branch guide duct 2 is equipped with an anti-backflow smoke guiding component 3. The anti-backflow smoke guiding component 3 includes multiple rotating shafts 301 rotatably connected to the inner side of the branch guide duct 2. A guide vane 302 is fixedly installed on the outer side of each rotating shaft 301. The top end of each rotating shaft 301 extends through the inner side of the branch guide duct 2 to the outside. A worm gear 303 is fixedly connected to the end of each rotating shaft 301. A transmission worm 305 is provided on the outer side of the rotating shaft 301. The rod 305 is meshed with each worm gear 303. Through the meshing transmission between the worm gear 303 and the transmission worm 305, the synchronous angle adjustment of all guide vanes 302 is realized, avoiding mutual interference of airflow and the formation of eddies and turbulence when multiple pipes exhaust smoke at the same time. This effectively reduces the flow resistance of smoke in the pipe and prevents smoke backflow, thereby significantly improving the overall smoke exhaust efficiency. Each anti-backflow smoke guide component 3 is equipped with a protective component 4 on its outer side. A controller 6 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the main exhaust pipe 1. The inner sides of the main exhaust pipe 1 and the branch guide pipe 2 are coated with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating. The high-temperature resistant ceramic coating covers the inner walls of the main exhaust pipe 1 and the branch guide pipe 2, delaying the thermal corrosion of metal pipes by high-temperature flue gas and extending the service life of the system.

[0033] The anti-backflow smoke guide assembly 3 also includes two fixed seats 304 fixedly connected to the upper side of the branch guide pipe 2. The two ends of the transmission worm 305 are respectively rotatably connected to the inner side of the fixed seat 304. A servo motor 306 is fixedly embedded on the outer side of one of the fixed seats 304, and the output end of the servo motor 306 is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission worm 305. The servo motor 306 drives the transmission worm 305 to drive the worm wheel 303 to rotate, thereby realizing the synchronous deflection of multiple guide vanes 302. At the same time, the transmission of the worm wheel 303 and the transmission worm 305 has a self-locking characteristic, which can lock the vane position at any angle to ensure unidirectional airflow.

[0034] Example 2: An intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings. A pressure sensor 5 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the main smoke extraction duct 1. The pressure sensor 5 and the controller 6 are electrically connected. The pressure sensor 5 monitors the air pressure changes in the main smoke extraction duct 1 in real time. The controller 6 automatically adjusts the speed of the smoke extraction fan 7 according to the air pressure fluctuations to maintain a stable negative pressure in the main duct and prevent airflow interference during multi-floor smoke extraction. The smoke extraction fan 7 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the main smoke extraction duct 1. The controller 6 is electrically connected to the smoke extraction fan 7. The start-up, shutdown and power output of the smoke extraction fan 7 are centrally controlled by the controller 6. Combined with the alarm signals of the smoke sensors 8 on each floor, the smoke extraction resources are allocated on demand to avoid energy waste.

[0035] Each branch diversion duct 2 is equipped with a smoke sensor 8 fixedly installed on its inner side. Each smoke sensor 8 is electrically connected to the controller 6. The smoke sensors 8 in each branch diversion duct 2 can monitor the smoke concentration in each branch diversion duct 2 in real time, providing data support for the controller 6 to judge the smoke exhaust status of each area. The controller 6 only activates the anti-backflow smoke guide component 3 in the branch duct where smoke exists to prevent airflow turbulence in the clean area. Each branch diversion duct 2 is equipped with a negative pressure generator 9 on its inner side. Each negative pressure generator 9 is electrically connected to the controller 6. When the smoke concentration is high or the airflow interference is severe, the negative pressure generator 9 can be activated under the control of the controller 6 to form a negative pressure in the branch diversion duct 2, enhance the smoke suction capacity, assist the anti-backflow smoke guide component 3 in quickly expelling smoke, and further improve the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0036] The protective component 4 includes a high-temperature resistant protective cover 401. The overall shape of the high-temperature resistant protective cover 401 is adapted to the shape of the anti-backflow smoke guide component 3. The high-temperature resistant protective cover 401 is fixedly connected to the outside of the branch guide pipe 2 by bolts. The high-temperature resistant protective cover 401 isolates the transmission components from the corrosion of high-temperature smoke and improves the service life of the equipment. A barrier plate 402 is inserted into the inner side of the high-temperature resistant protective cover 401. The barrier plate 402 corresponds to the position of the servo motor 306 in the anti-backflow smoke guide component 3. Thus, after the high-temperature resistant protective cover 401 is installed, the barrier plate 402 is inserted to protect the servo motor 306 and prevent smoke from entering the interior of the high-temperature resistant protective cover 401, thereby improving the service life of the anti-backflow smoke guide component 3.

[0037] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: When a fire occurs in the building and smoke is generated, the smoke sensor 8 inside the branch diversion duct 2 detects the smoke concentration signal and transmits it to the controller 6. After receiving the signal, the controller 6 starts the smoke exhaust fan 7 to provide smoke exhaust power. At the same time, based on the smoke concentration and the main duct pressure data fed back by the pressure sensor 5, it controls the servo motor 306 to drive the transmission worm gear 305 to rotate, thereby driving the guide vanes 302 of the anti-backflow smoke guide assembly 3 to adjust their angle and guide the airflow in the branch duct to prevent airflow interference and smoke backflow. If the smoke concentration in some areas is too high, the controller 6 will start the negative pressure generator 9 in the branch diversion duct 2 in that area to enhance the smoke exhaust effect. During the entire smoke exhaust process, the high-temperature resistant protective cover 401 protects the anti-backflow smoke guide assembly 3 from high-temperature corrosion. At the same time, the pressure sensor 5 monitors the main duct pressure in real time, providing a basis for the controller 6 to adjust the operating status of each component and ensure the efficient and stable operation of the smoke exhaust system.

[0038] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A smoke exhaust device in a building, comprising a main smoke exhaust duct (1), characterized in that: Multiple branch guide pipes (2) are fixedly installed on the inner side of the main exhaust pipe (1). Each branch guide pipe (2) is equipped with an anti-backflow smoke guide assembly (3). The anti-backflow smoke guide assembly (3) includes multiple rotating shafts (301) rotatably connected to the inner side of the branch guide pipe (2). Each rotating shaft (301) is fixedly equipped with a guide vane (302) on the outer side. The top of each rotating shaft (301) extends through the inner side of the branch guide pipe (2) to the outside. Each rotating shaft (301) is fixedly connected with a worm gear (303) at the end. A transmission worm (305) is provided on the outer side of the rotating shaft (301). The transmission worm (305) is meshed with each worm gear (303). A protective assembly (4) is provided on the outer side of each anti-backflow smoke guide assembly (3). A controller (6) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the main exhaust pipe (1).

2. A smoke evacuation device according to claim 1, wherein: The backflow prevention smoke guide assembly (3) also includes two fixed seats (304) fixedly connected to the upper side of the branch flow guide pipe (2). The two ends of the transmission worm (305) are respectively rotatably connected to the inner side of the fixed seat (304). A servo motor (306) is fixedly embedded on the outer side of one of the fixed seats (304), and the output end of the servo motor (306) is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission worm (305).

3. The intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure sensor (5) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the main exhaust pipe (1), and the pressure sensor (5) and the controller (6) are electrically connected.

4. The intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings according to claim 3, characterized in that: A smoke exhaust fan (7) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the main smoke exhaust pipe (1), and the controller (6) is electrically connected to the smoke exhaust fan (7).

5. The intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the branch diversion pipes (2) is fixedly installed with a smoke sensor (8) on its inner side, and each of the smoke sensors (8) is electrically connected to the controller (6).

6. The intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the branch diversion pipes (2) is provided with a negative pressure generator (9) on its inner side, and each of the negative pressure generators (9) is electrically connected to the controller (6).

7. The intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective component (4) includes a high-temperature resistant protective cover (401). The overall shape of the high-temperature resistant protective cover (401) is adapted to the shape of the anti-backflow smoke guide component (3). The high-temperature resistant protective cover (401) is fixedly connected to the outside of the branch guide pipe (2) by bolts. A barrier plate (402) is inserted into the inside of the high-temperature resistant protective cover (401).

8. The intelligent anti-backflow smoke extraction device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner sides of both the main exhaust pipe (1) and the branch diversion pipe (2) are coated with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating.

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