Transformer winding deformation fault simulator
By designing a transformer winding deformation fault simulator, and using analog circuits and switch control modules, the characteristics of transformer windings are accurately reproduced. This solves the problem that existing technologies cannot simulate real windings and three-phase coordinated testing, and enables efficient training and on-site testing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521630640.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-08-01
AI Technical Summary
Existing simulators cannot accurately reproduce the true characteristics of transformer windings and cannot perform three-phase coordinated testing, resulting in a loss of training value and a lack of instrument function verification.
A transformer winding deformation fault simulator was designed, which adopts an analog circuit module and a switch control module. It is based on the equivalent circuit of the transformer winding and includes components of inductance, capacitance to ground and inter-pane capacitance. The circuit parameters are changed by switching contacts through a single-pole double-throw switch to simulate the normal or fault state of the transformer winding. The three-phase synchronous measurement is realized through a three-phase expansion module.
It accurately reproduces the distributed parameters of transformer windings, generates frequency response curves that are highly consistent with those of real windings, can simulate various fault types, improve diagnostic skills, and support three-phase collaborative testing, reducing the reliance of training on real transformers and lowering equipment maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224248048U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of winding deformation fault simulation, and in particular relates to a transformer winding deformation fault simulator. Background Technology
[0002] Transformer winding deformation is a core hidden danger threatening the safe operation of power systems. With the continuous growth of power grid capacity, mechanical damage to windings caused by short-circuit accidents is becoming increasingly frequent. This type of deformation hazard is latent: on the one hand, changes in insulation distance or damage to the insulation paper may lead to overvoltage breakdown; on the other hand, windings with degraded mechanical properties may be instantly damaged during a secondary short circuit. Traditional electrical tests (such as resistance / turns ratio measurements) are insufficient to effectively detect winding deformation, causing this hazard to remain latent for a long time, seriously threatening power grid safety.
[0003] Frequency response analysis (FRA), by establishing an equivalent circuit model of the transformer winding, has become the mainstream method for diagnosing deformation faults. However, this technique has two limitations: it requires a deep understanding of frequency response theory and a lot of practical experience, making the analysis threshold high; traditional training relies on historical test data, which cannot cover a variety of deformation fault types (such as local torsion, intrusion of metal foreign objects, and overall displacement), resulting in training being detached from real-world scenarios.
[0004] To overcome training bottlenecks, existing simulators attempt to simulate winding characteristics, but their design has fundamental flaws: most use purely resistive loads, and the impedance does not change with frequency, failing to reflect the distributed parameters (inductance, capacitance to ground, inter-circuit capacitance) characteristics of real windings, resulting in significant deviations in frequency response curves from real transformers; they cannot simulate various deformed faults by adjusting parameters, and trainees cannot observe the waveform characteristic changes corresponding to the faults; the existing single-phase architecture cannot meet the three-phase synchronous measurement requirements of wireless distributed testing devices, restricting field applications.
[0005] Practical training relies on actual transformer shutdown tests, but the windings are encapsulated inside the casing, making it impossible to actively introduce deformation faults. Due to these shortcomings, existing simulators cannot reproduce the characteristics of real windings, nor can they perform three-phase coordinated testing, resulting in diminished training value and a lack of verification of instrument functionality. Utility Model Content
[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a transformer winding deformation fault simulator to solve the problem that existing simulators can neither reproduce the real winding characteristics nor achieve three-phase coordinated testing.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0008] A transformer winding deformation fault simulator, the simulator comprising:
[0009] Analog circuit module and switch control module;
[0010] The analog circuit module is constructed based on the equivalent circuit of the transformer winding, and includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a series-connected inductor component, a parallel-connected ground capacitor component, and an inter-panel capacitor component.
[0011] The switch control module includes multiple single-pole double-throw switches, and the moving contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the adjustment nodes of the inductor assembly, the ground capacitor assembly, and the inter-pane capacitor assembly.
[0012] The single-pole double-throw switch is used to switch contacts to change the capacitance or inductance value of the circuit connected to it, so as to simulate the normal state or deformation fault state of the transformer winding.
[0013] The output interface of the analog circuit module is configured to connect to a frequency response tester to generate frequency response curves.
[0014] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed, wherein the number of single-pole double-throw switches is five, namely: first single-pole double-throw switch S1, second single-pole double-throw switch S2, third single-pole double-throw switch S3, fourth single-pole double-throw switch S4, and fifth single-pole double-throw switch S5.
[0015] The first single-pole double-throw switch S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch S2 are respectively connected to the first backup inductor Ls1 and the second backup inductor Ls2, and their moving contacts are connected to the adjustment node of the inductor assembly.
[0016] The stationary contacts of the third single-pole double-throw switch S3 and the fourth single-pole double-throw switch S4 are respectively connected to the first spare inter-panel capacitor Cs1 and the second spare inter-panel capacitor Cs2, and their moving contacts are connected to the adjustment node of the inter-panel capacitor assembly.
[0017] The stationary contact of the fifth single-pole double-throw switch S5 is connected to the spare ground capacitor Cg3, and its moving contact is connected to the adjustment node of the ground capacitor assembly.
[0018] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed, wherein the analog circuit module is a third-order RLC circuit:
[0019] The inductor and matching resistor are connected in series at the input terminal, and the inter-panel capacitor is connected in parallel at the branch terminal.
[0020] The ground capacitor assembly is connected in parallel between the output terminal and the ground wire;
[0021] The inductor assembly consists of at least one inductor coil, and the inter-panel capacitor assembly and the ground capacitor assembly each consist of at least one capacitor element.
[0022] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed, wherein the simulator further includes a three-phase expansion module, which is composed of three independent analog circuit modules connected in parallel; the input terminal of each analog circuit module is connected to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase signal sources respectively, and the output terminal is connected to the corresponding channel of the frequency response tester respectively.
[0023] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed, wherein the simulator's casing is provided with a parameter configuration interface, which is electrically connected to a switch control module for receiving externally input fault mode commands and triggering corresponding switch actions.
[0024] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed, wherein the simulator further includes a power management module, the input of which is connected to an external power supply, and the output of which provides operating voltage to the analog circuit module and the switch control module respectively, and the power flow direction is isolated from the signal flow direction.
[0025] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed, wherein the simulator further includes a digital control circuit electrically connected to the switch control module for controlling the switching operation of the switch; the digital control circuit includes a microprocessor and a drive circuit, the microprocessor being connected to the drive circuit via a signal line, and the drive circuit outputting a control signal to the switching terminal of the switch.
[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0027] This invention accurately reproduces the distributed parameters of transformer windings (inductance, capacitance to ground, and inter-winding capacitance), and the frequency response curve generated by the simulator is highly consistent with that of the actual winding. Unlike existing purely resistive loads (where impedance does not change with frequency), this invention designs an RLC circuit that dynamically responds to frequency changes, allowing trainees or researchers to intuitively understand frequency response theory. This solves the problem of existing technologies "failing to reflect the characteristics of real transformer windings," allowing direct comparison of normal and fault state curves during training, without relying on limited historical cases or actual transformer shutdown tests.
[0028] The switching control mechanism supports configurable parameter adjustment, enabling precise simulation of various fault types, including local winding twisting, foreign metal intrusion, and overall displacement. Each single-pole double-throw switch (S1-S5) switches independently, allowing for combined parameter changes (such as simultaneously increasing inductance and decreasing capacitance), resulting in diverse deformation characteristics in the frequency response curve output by the response tester. Trainees can directly observe waveform changes caused by faults (such as resonant point shift or amplitude attenuation) during training, improving their diagnostic skills. This overcomes the limitation of existing technologies that "cannot simulate various transformer winding deformation faults" and can be used for on-site instrument function verification, reducing the risk of test failure.
[0029] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the simulator can simultaneously process phases A, B, and C signals via a three-phase expansion module, and its output interface can be independently connected to a wireless distributed winding deformation tester. The digital control circuit schedules the switches of each phase in a time-sharing manner to ensure synchronous adjustment of three-phase parameters and isolation of signal flow (e.g., to avoid phase interference). This achieves collaborative simulation of three-phase transformer windings, overcoming the bottleneck of existing single-phase designs that "cannot meet the requirement of simultaneous three-phase measurement by a wireless distributed testing device," and is particularly suitable for rapid on-site testing and advanced training scenarios in power grids.
[0030] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, digital control circuitry is combined with analog circuitry to receive external commands via a standardized interface (such as a parameter configuration interface), enabling one-click fault mode switching. The power management module ensures isolation between power supply and signal flow, preventing interference with the frequency response curve. The overall design simplifies the operation process, reduces reliance on real transformers for training, lowers equipment maintenance costs and time, and provides a repeatable experimental platform for studying transformer winding deformation.
[0031] This utility model is mainly used in the field of power system safety. Attached Figure Description
[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this utility model, are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model. The illustrative embodiments of the utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the utility model and do not constitute an undue limitation of the utility model. In the drawings:
[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-phase winding structure of the transformer winding simulation circuit described in this utility model;
[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transformer winding simulation circuit structure described in this utility model;
[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the transformer winding described in this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0036] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present utility model can be combined with each other, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments.
[0037] Implementation Method 1, see [link] Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This embodiment describes a transformer winding deformation fault simulator, which includes:
[0038] Analog circuit module and switch control module;
[0039] The analog circuit module is constructed based on the equivalent circuit of the transformer winding, and includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a series-connected inductor component, a parallel-connected ground capacitor component, and an inter-panel capacitor component.
[0040] The switch control module includes multiple single-pole double-throw switches, and the moving contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the adjustment nodes of the inductor assembly, the ground capacitor assembly, and the inter-panel capacitor assembly.
[0041] The single-pole double-throw switch is used to switch contacts to change the capacitance or inductance value of the circuit connected to it, so as to simulate the normal state or deformation fault state of the transformer winding.
[0042] The output interface of the analog circuit module is configured to connect to a frequency response tester to generate frequency response curves.
[0043] The core principle of the simulator proposed in this embodiment is based on a mathematical model of a transformer winding under high-frequency voltage. Specifically, the transformer winding is considered as a passive linear two-port network composed of distributed parameters such as linear resistance, inductance (including mutual inductance), and capacitance. The key components of this network include an inductor assembly (representing coil inductance L), a ground capacitance assembly (Cg, representing winding-to-ground capacitance), and an inter-circuit capacitance assembly (Cs, representing inter-circuit capacitance). This model is implemented through an analog circuit: the inductor assembly, capacitor assembly, matching resistor (R), and signal source output impedance (Rs) are connected in series or parallel to form a third-order RLC circuit. In the circuit flow direction, the input signal (IN) flows sequentially through the inductor assembly and matching resistor, while branching out into the inter-circuit capacitance assembly in parallel. The ground capacitance assembly is connected in parallel between the output terminal (OUT) and the ground wire. This structure accurately reproduces the frequency response characteristics of a real transformer winding.
[0044] To simulate deformation faults, a switch control module is designed in this embodiment. The switch control module includes multiple single-pole double-throw switches (S1-S5), whose moving contacts are directly connected to the adjustment nodes of the inductor assembly, the ground capacitance assembly, and the inter-panel capacitance assembly. In the default state, contacts 1-2 are closed (at which point the parameters are reference values). By switching the switch contacts, backup components (such as backup inductors Ls1 / Ls2, backup inter-panel capacitors Cs4 / Cs5, or backup ground capacitance Cg2) can be dynamically connected or disconnected, thereby changing the equivalent inductive or capacitive reactance values. A digital control circuit (such as a microprocessor) is electrically connected to the switch through a drive circuit to achieve precise parameter adjustment. Fault simulation is achieved by changing distributed parameters: for example, increasing the inductance value simulates overall winding displacement, decreasing the ground capacitance value simulates local twisting, or adjusting the inter-panel capacitance simulates the intrusion of metallic foreign objects. Furthermore, the three-phase expansion module supports synchronous signal flow and testing by connecting three independent analog circuits in parallel, corresponding to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase windings respectively.
[0045] This implementation accurately reproduces the distributed parameters of transformer windings (inductance, capacitance to ground, and inter-winding capacitance), and the frequency response curve generated by the simulator is highly consistent with that of the actual winding. Unlike existing purely resistive loads (where impedance does not change with frequency), this implementation designs an RLC circuit to dynamically respond to frequency changes, allowing trainees or researchers to intuitively understand frequency response theory. This solves the problem of existing technologies "failing to reflect the characteristics of real transformer windings," allowing direct comparison of normal and fault state curves during training, without relying on limited historical cases or actual transformer shutdown tests.
[0046] The switching control mechanism supports configurable parameter adjustment, enabling precise simulation of various fault types, including local winding twisting, foreign metal intrusion, and overall displacement. Each single-pole double-throw switch (S1-S5) switches independently, allowing for combined parameter changes (such as simultaneously increasing inductance and decreasing capacitance), resulting in diverse deformation characteristics in the frequency response curve output by the response tester. Trainees can directly observe waveform changes caused by faults (such as resonant point shift or amplitude attenuation) during training, improving their diagnostic skills. This overcomes the limitation of existing technologies that "cannot simulate various transformer winding deformation faults" and can be used for on-site instrument function verification, reducing the risk of test failure.
[0047] Implementation Method 2: This implementation method further defines the transformer winding deformation fault simulator described above. The number of single-pole double-throw switches is five, namely: first single-pole double-throw switch S1, second single-pole double-throw switch S2, third single-pole double-throw switch S3, fourth single-pole double-throw switch S4, and fifth single-pole double-throw switch S5.
[0048] The first single-pole double-throw switch S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch S2 are respectively connected to the first backup inductor Ls1 and the second backup inductor Ls2, and their moving contacts are connected to the adjustment node of the inductor assembly.
[0049] The stationary contacts of the third single-pole double-throw switch S3 and the fourth single-pole double-throw switch S4 are respectively connected to the first spare inter-panel capacitor Cs1 and the second spare inter-panel capacitor Cs2, and their moving contacts are connected to the adjustment node of the inter-panel capacitor assembly.
[0050] The stationary contact of the fifth single-pole double-throw switch S5 is connected to the spare ground capacitor Cg3, and its moving contact is connected to the adjustment node of the ground capacitor assembly.
[0051] Implementation Method 3: This implementation method further defines the transformer winding deformation fault simulator described above, wherein the simulation circuit module is a third-order RLC circuit.
[0052] The inductor and matching resistor are connected in series at the input terminal, and the inter-panel capacitor is connected in parallel at the branch terminal.
[0053] The ground capacitor assembly is connected in parallel between the output terminal and the ground wire;
[0054] The inductor assembly consists of at least one inductor coil, and the inter-panel capacitor assembly and the ground capacitor assembly each consist of at least one capacitor element.
[0055] The simulation of the deformation fault state is achieved by changing at least one of the following parameters:
[0056] Increase or decrease the equivalent inductive reactance of the inductor component (L);
[0057] Increase or decrease the capacitive reactance value of the ground capacitor assembly (Cg);
[0058] Increase or decrease the capacitive reactance value of the inter-panel capacitor assembly (Cs);
[0059] The fault conditions include partial winding twisting, intrusion of metallic foreign objects, or overall displacement.
[0060] Implementation Method 4: This implementation method further defines the transformer winding deformation fault simulator described above. The simulator also includes a three-phase expansion module, which is composed of three independent analog circuit modules connected in parallel. The input terminals of each analog circuit module are respectively connected to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase signal sources, and the output terminals are respectively connected to the corresponding channels of the frequency response tester.
[0061] Specifically, the three-phase analog module includes three independent analog circuit modules;
[0062] Among them, the first analog circuit module corresponds to the A-phase transformer winding, the second analog circuit module corresponds to the B-phase transformer winding, and the third analog circuit module corresponds to the C-phase transformer winding.
[0063] Each analog circuit module has an independently configured output interface to support three-phase synchronous measurement of the wireless distributed winding deformation test device.
[0064] Each phase circuit of the three-phase expansion module contains an independent switch control module, and the control signals of each phase switch are scheduled in a time-sharing manner by the same digital control circuit.
[0065] Through a three-phase expansion module, the simulator proposed in this embodiment can simultaneously process A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase signals, with its output interface independently connected to a wireless distributed winding deformation tester. The digital control circuit schedules the switches of each phase in a time-sharing manner, ensuring synchronous adjustment of three-phase parameters and isolation of signal flow (e.g., avoiding phase interference). This achieves collaborative simulation of three-phase transformer windings, overcoming the bottleneck of existing single-phase designs that "cannot meet the requirement of simultaneous three-phase measurement by a wireless distributed testing device," making it particularly suitable for rapid on-site testing and advanced training scenarios in power grids.
[0066] Implementation Method 5: This implementation method further defines the transformer winding deformation fault simulator described above. The simulator's casing is equipped with a parameter configuration interface, which is electrically connected to a switch control module to receive externally input fault mode commands and trigger corresponding switch actions.
[0067] Implementation Method Six: This implementation method further defines the transformer winding deformation fault simulator described above. The simulator further includes a power management module, the input terminal of which is connected to an external power supply, and the output terminal which provides operating voltage to the analog circuit module and the switch control module respectively, and the power flow direction is isolated from the signal flow direction.
[0068] Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method further defines the transformer winding deformation fault simulator described above. The simulator further includes a digital control circuit, which is electrically connected to the switch control module and is used to control the switching operation of the switch. The digital control circuit includes a microprocessor and a drive circuit. The microprocessor is connected to the drive circuit via a signal line, and the drive circuit outputs a control signal to the switching terminal of the switch.
[0069] The specific embodiments of this utility model disclosed above are merely for illustrating the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0070] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
Claims
1. A transformer winding deformation fault simulator, characterized in that, The simulator includes: Analog circuit module and switch control module; The analog circuit module is constructed based on the equivalent circuit of the transformer winding, and includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a series-connected inductor component, a parallel-connected ground capacitor component, and an inter-panel capacitor component. The switch control module includes multiple single-pole double-throw switches, and the moving contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the adjustment nodes of the inductor assembly, the ground capacitor assembly, and the inter-panel capacitor assembly. The single-pole double-throw switch is used to switch contacts to change the capacitance or inductance value of the circuit connected to it, so as to simulate the normal state or deformation fault state of the transformer winding. The output interface of the analog circuit module is configured to connect to a frequency response tester to generate frequency response curves.
2. The transformer winding deformation fault simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of single-pole double-throw switches is five, namely: first single-pole double-throw switch S1, second single-pole double-throw switch S2, third single-pole double-throw switch S3, fourth single-pole double-throw switch S4, and fifth single-pole double-throw switch S5. The first single-pole double-throw switch S1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch S2 are respectively connected to the first backup inductor Ls1 and the second backup inductor Ls2, and their moving contacts are connected to the adjustment node of the inductor assembly. The stationary contacts of the third single-pole double-throw switch S3 and the fourth single-pole double-throw switch S4 are respectively connected to the first spare inter-panel capacitor Cs1 and the second spare inter-panel capacitor Cs2, and their moving contacts are connected to the adjustment node of the inter-panel capacitor assembly. The stationary contact of the fifth single-pole double-throw switch S5 is connected to the spare ground capacitor Cg3, and its moving contact is connected to the adjustment node of the ground capacitor assembly.
3. The transformer winding deformation fault simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analog circuit module is a third-order RLC circuit: The inductor and matching resistor are connected in series at the input terminal, and the inter-panel capacitor is connected in parallel at the branch terminal. The ground capacitor assembly is connected in parallel between the output terminal and the ground wire; The inductor assembly consists of at least one inductor coil, and the inter-panel capacitor assembly and the ground capacitor assembly each consist of at least one capacitor element.
4. A transformer winding deformation fault simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulator also includes a three-phase expansion module, which is composed of three independent analog circuit modules connected in parallel. The input terminals of each analog circuit module are respectively connected to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase signal sources, and the output terminals are respectively connected to the corresponding channels of the frequency response tester.
5. A transformer winding deformation fault simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulator's casing is equipped with a parameter configuration interface, which is electrically connected to the switch control module to receive externally input fault mode commands and trigger corresponding switch actions.
6. A transformer winding deformation fault simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulator also includes a power management module, whose input terminal is connected to an external power supply, and whose output terminal provides operating voltage to the analog circuit module and the switch control module respectively, and the power flow direction is isolated from the signal flow direction.
7. A transformer winding deformation fault simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulator also includes a digital control circuit, which is electrically connected to the switch control module and is used to control the switching operation of the switch. The digital control circuit includes a microprocessor and a drive circuit. The microprocessor is connected to the drive circuit via a signal line, and the drive circuit outputs a control signal to the switching terminal of the switch.