A train braking interface and wheel-rail wear particle classification, collection and detection device

Abstract

This utility model discloses a train braking interface and a device for the graded collection and detection of wheel-rail friction particles, including a train braking test bench, a discharge circuit, a braking system, an isolation chamber, a particle grading and filtration collection device, a filter screen, and a particle settling collector. The braking system is placed in the isolation chamber, which is connected to the particle grading and filtration collection device through the discharge circuit. The particle grading and filtration collection device has multiple layers of filter screens and a particle settling collector arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A dynamic detection opening is provided on the side, connected to an external particle concentration detection device. By monitoring the changes in particle concentration within the device in real time, the operating state of the filter screen is dynamically adjusted to effectively prevent clogging. This utility model is applicable to particle detection and particle size classification collection under various brake disc materials, brake pad installation methods, and complex braking conditions. It can detect particles generated by the braking system and wheel-rail friction separately or simultaneously, providing technical support for research on environmental protection and performance optimization of train braking systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of friction braking technology, and in particular to a train braking interface and a device for graded collection and detection of wheel and rail abrasion particles. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of rail transit vehicles, the braking system is a core component ensuring driving safety. Disc brakes and tread brakes, as the mainstream braking methods, are adapted to different trains and operating scenarios, respectively, and both generate a large amount of wear debris at the friction interface. The friction between the brake pads and brake discs, the contact between the brake shoes and the wheels, and the interaction between the wheel and rail systems together constitute the multi-source particulate pollution generation mechanism. These particles continuously accumulate during the dynamic process of train operation, forming a complex cross-system pollution problem.

[0003] Abrasive particles pose a significant threat to train operation safety, public health, and the ecological environment. Within the braking system, particle aggregation affects the stability of the friction coefficient, leading to a decline in braking performance. Especially under prolonged braking or high-frequency start-stop conditions, particle accumulation causes localized overheating, accelerating material softening, crack propagation, and wear deterioration, creating a vicious cycle of temperature rise and performance decline, significantly increasing maintenance costs and creating safety hazards. From a public health perspective, micron-sized particles can penetrate the human respiratory barrier, depositing in the alveoli and inducing respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis, and may also affect cardiovascular function through blood migration. Long-term exposure to particulate environments containing heavy metals and organic pollutants poses significant health risks to residents, passengers, and workers along the railway line. In terms of the ecological environment, particles pollute soil and water bodies along the railway line through air diffusion, reducing regional air quality and disrupting landscape harmony. More seriously, particulate matter may react with atmospheric pollutants to generate more toxic secondary pollutants, such as heavy metal complexes and acidic aerosols, causing persistent damage to ecosystems and threatening biodiversity and regional sustainable development.

[0004] Existing train brake emission testing equipment suffers from several technical shortcomings. Its testing scope primarily focuses on particulate emissions from the braking system, with insufficient monitoring of wheel-rail friction particle generation, making it difficult to recreate multi-source synergistic scenarios. Furthermore, the testing platform has poor compatibility, unable to support independent or synchronous testing of disc and tread brakes; frequent equipment switching leads to reduced efficiency and weak data comparability. The particle collection system lacks multi-source diversion and particle size classification capabilities, resulting in severe sample cross-contamination and hindering in-depth analysis. Traditional filtration systems are prone to clogging under continuous braking conditions, causing test interruptions, reducing test continuity, and increasing maintenance costs. These problems collectively limit the systematic nature and accuracy of multi-source particulate emission research. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the issues of existing train brake emission testing devices lacking research on wheel-rail friction particles, difficulty in achieving precise collection across different particle size ranges, and low accuracy and efficiency, this invention proposes a train brake interface and wheel-rail abrasion particle classification collection and detection device to solve the aforementioned problems.

[0006] This application discloses a train braking interface and a wheel-rail abrasion particle classification, collection, and detection device, including a train braking test bench, a discharge circuit, a braking system, an isolation chamber, a particle classification and filtration collection device, a filter screen, and a particle settling collector. The braking system and the isolation chamber are installed on the train braking test bench. The braking system is installed inside the isolation chamber. The isolation chamber is connected to the particle classification and filtration collection device through the discharge circuit. The filter screen and the particle settling collector are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the particle classification and filtration collection device.

[0007] Preferably, the train braking test bench includes a test bench base, a drive system, a fixed gantry, an axle load system, and a track simulation device. The drive system, the fixed gantry, the track simulation device, and the isolation cavity are disposed on the test bench base. The fixed gantry, the axle load system, and the track simulation device are disposed inside the isolation cavity. The drive system is connected to the track simulation device, and the axle load system and the braking system are fixedly installed on the fixed gantry.

[0008] Preferably, the braking system includes a wheelset, a brake disc, brake pads, and a tread brake module. The brake disc is mounted on the axle of the wheelset, the brake pads are mounted on both sides of the brake disc, and the tread brake module is connected to the two wheels of the wheelset.

[0009] Preferably, the isolation cavity includes an air inlet, a partition, an airflow cleaning device, an air outlet, and a cavity shell. The air inlet and air outlet are respectively located on both sides of the cavity shell, the partition and the airflow cleaning device are located inside the cavity shell, and the partition is located between the wheelset and the track simulation device.

[0010] Furthermore, the airflow cleaning device uses a compressed air spray gun.

[0011] Preferably, the particle grading and filtration collection device includes an outer shell, an inlet end and a dynamic detection opening on the side of the outer shell, an outlet end on the top of the outer shell, and an auxiliary aerodynamic device inside the outer shell.

[0012] Preferably, the emission circuit includes a first emission circuit and a second emission circuit, with the air outlet connected to the inlet end through the first emission circuit and the air outlet connected to the air inlet end through the second emission circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the filter screen is configured in multiple stages and located above the inlet end. The single-stage filter screen includes a small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen, a large-particle-size nano-layer filter screen, and an electrostatic particle adsorption screen arranged sequentially from top to bottom. An auxiliary aerodynamic device is arranged above the small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen. Vibration cleaning devices are provided on the small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen, the large-particle-size nano-layer filter screen, and the electrostatic particle adsorption screen.

[0014] Furthermore, the filter order can be selected based on the particle size range in the experiment.

[0015] Preferably, the particle settling collector includes a collector shell, with inclined extension plates arranged around the upper part of the collector shell. The inclined extension plates abut against the inner wall of the outer shell. A vibration device is arranged outside the collector shell. A funnel collecting device and a storage device are arranged inside the collector shell. The storage device is located below the funnel collecting device, and a particle emptying port is arranged below the storage device.

[0016] Preferably, the dynamic detection opening is connected to a particle concentration detection device, which is connected to an auxiliary aerodynamic device, a vibration cleaning device, and an electrostatic particle adsorption net.

[0017] Preferably, a circulating fan is provided on the second emission circuit, and a particle purification device is provided between the circulating fan and the air inlet. A branch is provided on the first emission circuit, and a laser particle detection device is connected to the branch.

[0018] Furthermore, the particulate purification device uses a HEPA filter.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0020] 1. Optimized filter structure: The filter achieves precise filtration and collection of particles within a specific size range through a layered design. The electrostatic particle adsorption mesh dynamically adjusts the adsorption intensity to ensure unobstructed flow between the nanolayers, thereby significantly reducing the risk of clogging and improving filtration efficiency and capacity.

[0021] 2. Multi-stage filter screen for graded collection: The particle grading and filtration collection device adopts a design with progressively decreasing particle size ranges in the filter screen. The allowable particle size range gradually decreases from bottom to top, which significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of particle grading and collection, and ensures the precise separation and collection of particles in different particle size ranges.

[0022] 3. Dynamic Monitoring and Control: A particle concentration detection device connected to the external sensor opening monitors the concentration ratio of each filter stage in real time. When an abnormal increase in the concentration of non-target particle size particles is detected in a particular filter stage, the vibration cleaning device, electrostatic particle adsorption screen, and auxiliary aerodynamic device are adjusted to promptly remove excess particles and maintain efficient equipment operation.

[0023] 4. Precise separation and detection in the isolation chamber: Through the partition design, the isolation chamber can achieve graded filtration and collection of wear debris from the braking system or wheel-rail friction, as well as wear debris generated by the combined action of the two, providing precise support for multi-source particle analysis.

[0024] 5. Environmental protection and safety assurance: All abrasive particles generated during the entire testing process are enclosed in isolation chambers or graded filtration and collection devices to prevent abrasive particles from leaking into the atmosphere and avoid adverse effects on other equipment or personnel, fully demonstrating the environmental protection and safety of the device.

[0025] 6. Strong adaptability to multiple scenarios: The test bench is compatible with different brake disc materials and brake pad installation methods. It can independently carry out emission particulate tests under disc braking, tread braking and the combined action of the two braking methods, fully covering a variety of complex braking conditions and meeting different research needs. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the train braking interface and the wheel-rail abrasion particle classification collection and detection device according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the train braking test bench and braking system structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a particle grading and filtration collection device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a single-stage filter structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the particle settling collector structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0032] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0033] 1-Train brake test bench, 101-Test bench base, 102-Drive system, 103-Fixed gantry, 104-Axle load system, 105-Track simulation device, 2-Emission circuit, 201-First emission circuit, 202-Second emission circuit, 3-Brake system, 301-Wheelset, 302-Brake disc, 303-Brake pad, 304-Tread brake module, 4-Isolation chamber, 401-Air inlet, 402-Baffle, 403-Airflow cleaning device, 404-Air outlet, 405-Cavity shell, 5-Particle classification and filtration collection device, 501-Outer shell, 502- Outlet end, 503-Auxiliary aerodynamic device, 504-Dynamic detection opening, 505-Inlet end, 6-Filter screen, 601-Vibration cleaning device, 602-Small particle size nanolayer filter screen, 603-Large particle size nanolayer filter screen, 604-Electrostatic particle adsorption screen, 7-Particle settling collector, 701-Inclined extension plate, 702-Functional collection device, 703-Storage device, 704-Vibration device, 705-Collector housing, 706-Particle emptying port, 801-Particle concentration detection device, 802-Laser particle detection device, 9-Particle purification device, 10-Circulating fan. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] This application discloses a train brake interface and a device for the graded collection and detection of wheel-rail abrasion particles, the structure of which is as follows: Figures 1-6 As shown, the system includes a train brake test bench 1, an exhaust circuit 2, a brake system 3, an isolation chamber 4, a particle grading and filtration collection device 5, a filter screen 6, and a particle settling collector 7. The brake system 3 and the isolation chamber 4 are mounted on the train brake test bench 1. The brake system 3 is located inside the isolation chamber 4. The isolation chamber 4 is connected to the particle grading and filtration collection device 5 through the exhaust circuit 2. The filter screen 6 and the particle settling collector 7 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the particle grading and filtration collection device 5.

[0036] like Figure 2As shown, the train braking test bench 1 includes a test bench base 101, a drive system 102, a fixed gantry 103, an axle load system 104, and a track simulation device 105. The test bench base 101 serves as the basic support structure for the entire device. The drive system 102, fixed gantry 103, track simulation device 105, and isolation chamber 4 are mounted on the test bench base 101. The fixed gantry 103, axle load system 104, and track simulation device 105 are housed inside the isolation chamber 4, which not only effectively shields the test from external interference but also prevents abrasive particles from leaking into the atmosphere, thus avoiding potential impacts on other equipment and the safety of test personnel. The drive system 102 is connected to the track simulation device 105, and the axle load system 104 and braking system 3 are fixedly mounted on the fixed gantry 103.

[0037] The braking system 3 includes a wheelset 301, a brake disc 302, brake pads 303, and a tread brake module 304. The brake disc 302 is mounted on the axle of the wheelset 301, and the brake pads 303 are mounted on both sides of the brake disc 302. The tread brake module 304 is connected to the two wheels of the wheelset 301. The brake disc 302 can be made of different materials according to different test requirements, and the brake pads 303 can be replaced according to test requirements. The braking system 3 supports tests of single disc braking, tread braking, or a combination of both. In this embodiment, the brake disc can be made of forged steel, aluminum alloy, or composite material. Forged steel discs are suitable for heavy-load, long-distance, low-frequency braking scenarios (such as mountain trains and some high-speed trains) and have strong resistance to thermal deformation; aluminum alloy discs are suitable for light-load, high-frequency start-stop urban rail vehicles (such as subways), balancing lightweight and low energy consumption; composite material discs are specifically designed for high-speed / special trains, and their high-temperature resistance (>1600℃) prevents thermal fade under extreme braking. Brake pads 303 can have their friction blocks modified in size, thickness, shape, and connection method according to test requirements. For example, conventional friction blocks often use a design with a central hole to collect wear debris and reduce wear; in icy and snowy environments, a holeless structure is used to avoid metal embedding. Fixed connections are used for low- and medium-speed conventional braking conditions to achieve weight reduction, while floating connections are preferred for high-frequency, high-intensity braking, using disc springs to compensate for thermal deformation and improve durability.

[0038] The isolation chamber 4 includes an air inlet 401, a partition 402, an airflow cleaning device 403, an air outlet 404, and a chamber shell 405. The air inlet 401 and the air outlet 404 are respectively located on both sides of the chamber shell 405, and both the air inlet 401 and the air outlet 402 have two ports respectively located above and below the chamber shell 405. The partition 402 and the airflow cleaning device 403 are located inside the chamber shell 405. The partition 402 is located between the wheelset 301 and the track simulation device 105. The partition 402 can be adjusted in position according to test requirements. In this embodiment, the partition 402 is installed between the wheelset 301 and the track simulation device 105 to isolate different test areas. The inner surface of the chamber shell 405 is treated with an electroplating process to reduce the adhesion and accumulation of wear particles, further improving the accuracy of the device's test results.

[0039] By testing brake discs 302 made of different materials and brake pads 303 installed in different ways, the application range has been significantly expanded. Simultaneously, the device can perform individual or simultaneous testing of disc brakes and tread brakes without replacing the braking system, significantly improving testing efficiency. Furthermore, by installing a partition 402 between the wheelset 301 and the track simulation device 105, the abrasion particles generated by the braking system can be further separated from those generated by wheel-rail friction, allowing for independent detection and collection of these particles, depending on the specific testing conditions.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the particle grading and filtration collection device 5 includes an outer housing 501. An inlet end 505 and a dynamic detection opening 504 are provided on the side of the outer housing 501, and an outlet end 502 is provided on the top of the outer housing 501. An auxiliary aerodynamic device 503 is provided inside the outer housing 501. The isolation chamber 4 is connected to the particle grading and filtration collection device 5 for precise screening and collection of brake emission particles via an exhaust circuit 2. The exhaust circuit 2 is driven by a circulating fan 10. The exhaust circuit 2 includes a first exhaust circuit 201 and a second exhaust circuit 202. The air outlet 404 is connected to the inlet end 505 via the first exhaust circuit 201, and the outlet end 502 is connected to the air inlet 401 via the second exhaust circuit 202. The circulating fan 10 is located on the second exhaust circuit 202 near the air inlet 401. To ensure the accuracy of the filtration process, a particle purification device 9 is provided between the air inlet 401 and the circulating fan 10 to remove other particulate pollutants in the initial airflow. The first emission circuit 201 has a branch at the air outlet 404, which is connected to a laser particle detection device 802. This device is used to monitor the particle size and concentration changes of the gas particles discharged from the isolation chamber 4 in real time, thereby obtaining preliminary data on the grinding debris particles and providing a reference for subsequent particle classification filtration and analysis.

[0041] like Figure 4As shown, the filter screen 6 has multiple stages. The multi-stage filter screen 6 is located above the inlet end 505. The single-stage filter screen 6 consists of a three-layer structure, including a small-particle-size nanolayer filter screen 602, a large-particle-size nanolayer filter screen 603, and an electrostatic particle adsorption screen 604 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. An auxiliary aerodynamic device 503 is located above the small-particle-size nanolayer filter screen 602. Vibration cleaning devices 601 are installed on the small-particle-size nanolayer filter screen 602, the large-particle-size nanolayer filter screen 603, and the electrostatic particle adsorption screen 604. The vibration cleaning devices 601 are electrically driven and used to clean the attached particles to ensure filtration performance. The single-stage filter screen 6 uses mechanical capture to filter and collect passing abrasive debris. Its working principle is to use the pore size of the upper and lower nanolayer filter screens to determine the particle size range to be captured. Specifically, the lower large-particle-size nanolayer filter screen 603 will capture particles with a particle size larger than its pore size, while allowing smaller particles to pass through. The upper small-particle-size nanolayer filter screen 602 works in the same way. This completes the capture of particles within a certain size range by the single-stage filter screen 6. Simultaneously, the multi-stage filter screen 6 gradually decreases the particle size range allowed to pass through from bottom to top, thus achieving graded filtration and capture of particles. The number of filter stages can be selected based on the particle size range observed in the experiment.

[0042] In this embodiment, abrasive particles generated inside the braking system 3 on the train braking test bench 1, or abrasive particles generated by friction between the braking system and the track simulation device 105, are carried by the circulating fan 10 and enter the particle grading and filtration collection device 5 from the lower inlet 505 via the first discharge circuit 201. After being filtered layer by layer by the multi-stage filter screen 6, they return to the second discharge circuit 202 from the top outlet 502 of the particle grading and filtration collection device 5. During the test, the stage of the filter screen 6 can be adjusted according to the particle size range generated in the test to achieve more precise zoned filtration and collection.

[0043] Furthermore, a particle concentration detection device 801 is connected to the dynamic detection opening 504 to detect changes in particle concentration within the particle grading and filtration collection device 5. The particle concentration detection device 801 is connected to the auxiliary aerodynamic device 503, the vibration cleaning device 601, and the electrostatic particle adsorption net 604. When the particle concentration detection device 801 detects particles outside the preset capture size range in the filter 6, and the concentration rises abnormally, a negative feedback mechanism is used to regulate the vibration cleaning device 601, the electrostatic particle adsorption net 604, and the auxiliary aerodynamic device 503 in the filter 6 to promptly remove excess particles, prevent clogging, and maintain efficient equipment operation.

[0044] like Figure 5As shown, the particle settling collector 7 includes a collector housing 705. Inclined extension plates 701 are arranged around the upper perimeter of the collector housing 705. The surface of the inclined extension plates 701 is treated with a low-friction, anti-adhesion coating and abuts against the inner wall of the outer housing 501. A vibration device 704 is provided outside the collector housing 705, and a funnel collecting device 702 and a storage device 703 are provided inside. The storage device 703 is located below the funnel collecting device 702. A particle emptying port 706 is provided below the storage device 703 for convenient removal of collected particles.

[0045] The train braking interface and wheel-rail abrasion particle classification collection and detection device disclosed in this embodiment undergoes an electroplating process to enhance particle flowability and collection efficiency. During collection, a collection flow is followed along the multi-stage filter screen 6 from the lower screen upwards; that is, abrasion particles in the larger particle size range are collected first, followed by progressively smaller particle size ranges, thus achieving precise separation and collection according to particle size ranges. After the test, the personnel can easily remove the collected abrasion particles through the particle emptying port 706 below the storage device 703.

[0046] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A train braking interface and wheel-rail wear debris particle fractionating collection and detection apparatus, characterized by, The system includes a train brake test bench (1), an exhaust circuit (2), a brake system (3), an isolation chamber (4), a particle grading and filtration collection device (5), a filter screen (6), and a particle settling collector (7). The brake system (3) and the isolation chamber (4) are installed on the train brake test bench (1). The brake system (3) is installed inside the isolation chamber (4). The isolation chamber (4) is connected to the particle grading and filtration collection device (5) through the exhaust circuit (2). The filter screen (6) and the particle settling collector (7) are installed inside the particle grading and filtration collection device (5) from top to bottom. The train braking test bench (1) includes a track simulation device (105), the braking system (3) includes wheelsets (301), and the isolation cavity (4) includes a partition (402), which is disposed between the wheelsets (301) and the track simulation device (105); The particle grading filtration and collection device (5) has an auxiliary aerodynamic device (503) and a dynamic detection opening (504). The filter screen (6) is provided with multiple stages. The single-stage filter screen (6) includes a small-diameter nano-layer filter screen (602), a large-diameter nano-layer filter screen (603), and an electrostatic particle adsorption screen (604) arranged from top to bottom. The auxiliary aerodynamic device (503) is arranged above the small-diameter nano-layer filter screen (602). The small-diameter nano-layer filter screen (602), the large-diameter nano-layer filter screen (603), and the electrostatic particle adsorption screen (604) are all provided with vibration cleaning devices (601). The dynamic detection opening (504) is connected to a particle concentration detection device (801). The particle concentration detection device (801) is connected to the auxiliary aerodynamic device (503), the vibration cleaning device (601), and the electrostatic particle adsorption screen (604).

2. The train brake interface and wheel-rail wear debris particle fractionating collection and detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The train braking test bench (1) also includes a test bench base (101), a drive system (102), a fixed gantry (103), and an axle load system (104). The drive system (102), the fixed gantry (103), the track simulation device (105), and the isolation cavity (4) are set on the test bench base (101). The fixed gantry (103), the axle load system (104), and the track simulation device (105) are set inside the isolation cavity (4). The drive system (102) is connected to the track simulation device (105). The axle load system (104) and the braking system (3) are fixedly installed on the fixed gantry (103).

3. The train brake interface and wheel-rail wear debris particle fractionating collection and detection apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The braking system (3) further includes a brake disc (302), brake pads (303) and a tread brake module (304). The brake disc (302) is mounted on the axle of the wheelset (301), the brake pads (303) are mounted on both sides of the brake disc (302), and the tread brake module (304) is connected to the two wheels of the wheelset (301). The brake disc (302) is made of forged steel, aluminum alloy or composite material; The parameters of the friction blocks in the brake pads (303) can be replaced and adjusted; The braking system (3) supports tests of individual disc braking, tread braking, or a combination of both.

4. The train brake interface and wheel-rail wear debris particle fractionating collection and detection apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The isolation cavity (4) also includes an air inlet (401), an airflow cleaning device (403), an air outlet (404), and a cavity shell (405). The air inlet (401) and the air outlet (404) are respectively located on both sides of the cavity shell (405), and the partition (402) and the airflow cleaning device (403) are located inside the cavity shell (405).

5. The train brake interface and wheel / rail wear debris particle fractionating collection and detection apparatus of claim 4 wherein, The particle grading filtration and collection device (5) includes an outer shell (501), an inlet end (505) and a dynamic detection opening (504) on the side of the outer shell (501), an outlet end (502) on the top of the outer shell (501), and an auxiliary aerodynamic device (503) inside the outer shell (501).

6. The train brake interface and wheel-rail wear debris particle fractionating collection and detection apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The emission circuit (2) includes a first emission circuit (201) and a second emission circuit (202). The air outlet (404) is connected to the inlet end (505) through the first emission circuit (201), and the outlet end (502) is connected to the air inlet (401) through the second emission circuit (202).

7. The train braking interface and wheel-rail abrasion particle classification collection and detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multi-stage filter (6) is located above the inlet end (505).

8. The train brake interface and wheel-rail wear debris particle fractionating collection and detection apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The particle settling collector (7) includes a collector housing (705), with inclined extension plates (701) arranged around the upper end of the collector housing (705). The inclined extension plates (701) abut against the inner wall of the outer housing (501). A vibration device (704) is arranged outside the collector housing (705). A funnel collecting device (702) and a storage device (703) are arranged inside the collector housing (705). The storage device (703) is arranged below the funnel collecting device (702), and a particle emptying port (706) is arranged below the storage device (703).

9. The train brake interface and wheel / rail wear debris particle fractionating collection and detection apparatus of claim 8 wherein, A circulating fan (10) is provided on the second discharge circuit (202), and a particle purification device (9) is provided between the circulating fan (10) and the air inlet (401). A branch is provided on the first discharge circuit (201), and a laser particle detection device (802) is connected to the branch.

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