Waveguide antennas and radar

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of radar technology and discloses a waveguide antenna and radar. The waveguide antenna includes an antenna body, a raised structure, and a radiating slot group. The raised structure is disposed on a first surface of the antenna body and has a ramp surface and a back slope surface, with the ramp surface facing the target. The radiating slot group includes a cavity and radiating slots. The cavity is disposed in the antenna body, and the radiating slots include a first sub-slot disposed in the cavity and a second sub-slot disposed on the ramp surface. The first sub-slot communicates with the cavity and the second sub-slot. The waveguide antenna and radar provided by this utility model can reduce interference between waveguide antennas, improve the anti-interference capability of the waveguide antenna, and ensure the angle measurement accuracy of the waveguide antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of radar technology, and in particular to a waveguide antenna and radar. Background Technology

[0002] Autonomous vehicles (also known as driverless cars, computer-driven cars, or wheeled mobile robots) are intelligent vehicles that achieve driverless operation through computer systems. Autonomous vehicles rely on the collaborative efforts of artificial intelligence, computer vision, radar, monitoring devices, and a global positioning system (GPS) to allow computers to automatically and safely operate the vehicle without any active human intervention. During operation, autonomous vehicles use radar to detect their surroundings to perform maneuvers such as lane changes and braking to prevent collisions with other vehicles.

[0003] In radar detection, both signal transmission and reception require antennas. In existing technology, radar is positioned on the left and right sides of the front of a vehicle; this type of radar is also known as corner radar. The detection direction of a vehicle's corner radar is typically symmetrical, capable of detecting both left and right directions as well as front and rear directions. The radiating surface of a corner radar is usually a single plane, resulting in a uniform radiation direction. However, excessive detection distances in the left and right directions can lead to significant interference, meaning severe interference between the corner radar antennas, affecting angle measurement accuracy. Utility Model Content

[0004] The first objective of this invention is to provide a waveguide antenna that solves the technical problems of severe interference and low angle measurement accuracy in the prior art.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a radar with high angle measurement accuracy.

[0006] Based on the above concept, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] Waveguide antenna, including:

[0008] Antenna body;

[0009] A protruding structure is provided on the first surface of the antenna body, and the protruding structure has a sloping surface and a back slope surface, with the sloping surface facing the detection target;

[0010] A radiating slot assembly includes a cavity and radiating slots. The cavity is disposed on the antenna body. The radiating slots include a first sub-slot disposed in the cavity and a second sub-slot disposed on the slope surface. The first sub-slot communicates with the cavity and the second sub-slot.

[0011] In one embodiment, the angle between the ramp and the first surface is α, where 20° ≤ α ≤ 50°.

[0012] In one embodiment, the angle between the back slope and the first surface is b, where 10°≤b≤25°.

[0013] In one embodiment, the angle between the slope surface and the back slope surface is greater than 90°.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first surface is further provided with an isolation structure located on the side of the back slope facing away from the slope.

[0015] In one embodiment, the isolation structure is an isolation trough, and the end of the back slope facing away from the inclined surface abuts against the bottom wall of the isolation trough, wherein the bottom wall of the isolation trough is an arc-shaped wall.

[0016] In one embodiment, the slope surface is connected to the back slope surface; or, a first transition section connects the slope surface and the back slope surface.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first transition portion includes a first transition surface, and the slope surface is connected to the back slope surface through the first transition surface;

[0018] Alternatively, the first transition portion may include a plurality of interconnected first transition surfaces, which are connected between the slope surface and the back slope surface.

[0019] In one embodiment, the length direction of the protrusion structure is the same as the length direction of the antenna body, and the slope surface and the back slope surface are arranged in the width direction of the antenna body.

[0020] Radar, including waveguide antennas as described above.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0022] The ramp surface is oriented towards the target, ensuring that the opening of the second sub-slot on the ramp surface is directly opposite the target. Since the opening of the second sub-slot on the ramp surface is at least a part of the radiation port of the radiating slot, the radiation port of the radiating slot can directly face the target, achieving direct radiation to the target. Because the antenna beam has the highest gain in the direction perpendicular to the ramp surface, the waveguide antenna can have a longer detection range in the direction directly facing the target and a shorter detection range in other directions. This reduces interference between waveguide antennas, improves the anti-interference capability of the waveguide antenna, and ensures the angle measurement accuracy of the waveguide antenna. Furthermore, each waveguide antenna's radiation port faces its target, and the targets of different waveguide antennas are not identical. Therefore, the radiation ports of multiple waveguide antennas are not entirely located on the same plane, improving the isolation between multiple waveguide antennas, further reducing mutual influence between them, and further improving angle measurement accuracy. Furthermore, the back slope serves as a transition for the raised structure, thereby reducing the angle between the raised structure and the first surface. This improves the chaotic propagation of surface waves, resulting in more linear phase measurement and thus enhancing the accuracy of angle measurement. By setting the back slope, the energy of the pits created by the raised structure can be replenished through the gradual descent of the back slope. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of this utility model and these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a first top view of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a side view of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a partial enlarged view of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a first cross-sectional view of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a second cross-sectional view of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the third structure of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a second top view of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 12 This is the first beam pointing diagram of the waveguide antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 13 This is the second beam pointing pattern of the waveguide antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 14 This is the third beam pointing diagram of the waveguide antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 15 This is an azimuth error diagram of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 16 This is an elevation angle error diagram of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the number of calibration intervals provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 18 This is the fourth beam pointing diagram of the waveguide antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the picture:

[0043] 100. Antenna body; 110. First surface; 120. Mounting surface; 130. Outer surface; 131. Curved surface;

[0044] 200. Protruding structure; 210. Sloping surface; 220. Back slope surface; 230. First transition section; 240. Protruding side surface;

[0045] 300. Radiation tank assembly; 310. Cavity; 311. Inlet channel; 3111. Signal inlet; 312. Primary hollow channel; 313. Secondary hollow channel; 314. Tertiary hollow channel; 320. Radiation tank; 321. First sub-slot; 322. Second sub-slot; 323. Radiation port;

[0046] 400. Isolation structure; 410. Isolation trench; 411. Trench bottom wall; 412. Trench side wall;

[0047] 10. Vehicle body; 20. Radar. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the technical problem solved by this utility model, the technical solution adopted, and the technical effect achieved clearer, the technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this utility model and not for limiting it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to this utility model are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all of them.

[0049] It should be understood that the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0050] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0051] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0052] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" specifically refers to two or more.

[0053] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for ease of description and simplification of operation. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are merely used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0054] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it can be located in between the component.

[0055] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a schematic diagram of a vehicle. The vehicle can be a car, truck, bus, electric vehicle, hybrid vehicle, public transport bus, etc. Figure 1The vehicle described is a car as an example. The vehicle includes radar 20 for detecting obstacles around the vehicle. In some optional embodiments, one or more radars 20 may be provided; in this embodiment, two radars 20 are provided, located at the left front and right front of the vehicle body 1010. It is understood that the radars 20 can also be located at the left rear and right rear of the vehicle body 1010. The radars 20 located at the left front and right front of the vehicle body 1010 are used to detect the environment in front of, to the left front, and to the right front of the vehicle, thus improving vehicle safety on the road. When the vehicle is traveling straight on the road, the radars 20 located at the left front and right front can detect the vehicles in the lanes on both sides of the vehicle and select an appropriate driving mode based on the vehicles (or obstacles) in the lanes on both sides and the vehicles in front. In this embodiment, the mutual interference between the radars 20 located at the left front and right front of the vehicle is small, resulting in higher detection accuracy.

[0057] For example, the radar 20 provided in this embodiment includes a waveguide antenna, which is a device in the radar 20 for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves. The waveguide antenna has the function of focusing the electromagnetic valve into a beam, and can directionally transmit and receive electromagnetic waves.

[0058] In some optional embodiments, the radar 20 also includes a circuit board (not shown in the figure), and the waveguide antenna can also be soldered on the circuit board and connected to the radio frequency integrated circuit (not shown in the figure) provided on the circuit board through the circuit board waveguide adapter structure (not shown in the figure) and the circuit board traces, so as to realize the control of the waveguide antenna and realize the function of the waveguide antenna to receive or transmit information.

[0059] For ease of understanding, this embodiment defines the detection target as the target that the waveguide antenna intends to detect. Each waveguide antenna can detect an obstacle, a satellite, etc., and this embodiment does not limit this. Obstacles can also be categorized as obstacles in front of the vehicle, obstacles behind it, obstacles to the left front, obstacles to the right front, etc., and this embodiment will not exhaustively list them. When multiple waveguide antennas are present, the detection targets of the multiple waveguide antennas can be the same or different.

[0060] For example, such as Figures 2 to 10As shown, the waveguide antenna includes an antenna body 100, a protruding structure 200, and a radiating slot group 300. The antenna body 100 has a first surface 110. The antenna body 100 also has a mounting surface 120 disposed opposite to the first surface 110. The mounting surface 120 is used for mounting the waveguide antenna on the vehicle body 10 at a designated mounting position. The protruding structure 200 is disposed on the first surface 110 of the antenna body 100. The surface of the protruding structure 200 that does not contact the antenna body 100 cooperates with the first surface 110 to form a radiating array (not shown in the figure). The protruding structure 200 has a ramp surface 210 and a back slope surface 220. The ramp surface 210 faces the target being detected, and the back slope surface 220 fills any depressions caused by the protruding structure 200. In this embodiment, the waveguide antenna is applied in the radar 20 field for obstacle detection and other scenarios. Of course, in other embodiments, the waveguide antenna can also be applied to other fields besides range detection.

[0061] In this embodiment, the radiating slot group 300 is disposed on the radiating array surface, and the radiating slot group 300 and the antenna body 100 constitute an antenna that generates radiated signals. That is, the radiating slot group 300 and the antenna body 100 can constitute an antenna with signal transmission and reception functions. For example, as shown... Figure 7 As shown, the radiating slot assembly 300 includes a cavity 310 and radiating slots 320. The cavity 310 is disposed on the antenna body 100, and a portion of the radiating slot 320 is disposed on the antenna body 100, while another portion is disposed on the protruding structure 200. Specifically, the radiating slot 320 includes a first sub-slot 321 disposed on the antenna body 100 and a second sub-slot 322 disposed on the protruding structure 200, wherein the first sub-slot 321 is connected to both the cavity 310 and the second sub-slot 322. It should be noted that the radiating slot assembly 300 transmits signals through the cavity 310 and the radiating slots 320.

[0062] The waveguide antenna provided in this embodiment has a ramp surface 210 facing the detection target, so that the slot of the second sub-slot 322 on the ramp surface 210 can be directly opposite the detection target. The slot of the second sub-slot 322 on the ramp surface 210 is at least a part of the radiation port 323 of the radiation slot 320. Therefore, the radiation port 323 of the radiation slot 320 can be directly opposite the detection target, realizing direct radiation to the detection target. Since the antenna beam has the greatest gain in the direction perpendicular to the ramp 210, the waveguide antenna can have a longer detection range in the direction directly facing the target and a shorter detection range in other directions. This reduces interference between waveguide antennas, improves their anti-interference capability, and ensures their angle measurement accuracy. Furthermore, each waveguide antenna's radiating port 323 faces its target, and since different waveguide antennas do not have identical targets, the radiating ports 323 of multiple waveguide antennas are not entirely located on the same plane. This improves the isolation between multiple waveguide antennas, further reduces mutual influence between them, and further improves angle measurement accuracy.

[0063] In one embodiment, the radiation port 323 of the radiation slot 320 includes only the slot of the second sub-slot 322 on the slope surface 210. That is, the orthographic projection of the slot of the second sub-slot 322 on the slope surface 210 completely coincides with the orthographic projection of the slot of the first sub-slot 321 on the first surface 110. At this time, the radiation port 323 of the radiation slot 320 is completely facing the detection target.

[0064] In other embodiments, the radiation port 323 of the radiation slot 320 includes not only the slot of the second sub-slot 322 on the slope surface 210, but also the slot of the first sub-slot 321 on the first surface 110. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0065] In this embodiment, the protrusion structure 200 is located outside the antenna body 100, so that the ramp surface 210 is also located outside the antenna body 100, rather than inside the antenna body 100. This ensures that the antenna body 100 does not block the ramp surface 210, and thus does not block the part of the radiation port 323 located on the ramp surface 210, allowing the waveguide antenna to better detect the distance between itself and the target.

[0066] In some optional embodiments, the antenna body 100 is a plate with a certain thickness. The antenna body 100 can be a one-piece structure or a structure spliced ​​from multiple plates; this embodiment does not limit this. The antenna body 100 can be made of metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, etc.

[0067] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, the angle between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 is α, where the value of α ranges from 20° to 50°. Although the ramp surface 210 needs to be oriented towards the target, the angle between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 cannot be too large or too small. When the angle between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 is too large, the slot opening of the first sub-slot 321 on the ramp surface 210 may be more oriented towards other waveguide antennas, resulting in greater interference between waveguide antennas and other waveguide antennas. Furthermore, a large sharp angle between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 can lead to cluttered surface waves, thus affecting the accuracy of angle measurement. When the angle between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 is too small, there will still be multiple waveguide antennas with their radiating ports 323 located on the same plane, leading to increased interference and affecting the accuracy of angle measurement.

[0068] Optionally, the angle α between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 can be any value between 20° and 50° or any two values; this embodiment does not limit this value. For example, the angle α between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 can be 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, or 50°.

[0069] It should be noted that the waves radiated by waveguide antennas are typically electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic wave scattering can be categorized into: specular reflection, edge diffraction, apex diffraction, creeping wave diffraction, traveling wave diffraction, and diffraction caused by electromagnetic abrupt changes in non-slender bodies. In this embodiment, a protruding structure 200 is provided on the first surface 110 of the antenna body 100. This causes the electromagnetic wave to undergo secondary radiation after passing through the protruding structure 200, and a sharp angle is formed between the protruding structure 200 and the first surface 110, leading to surface wave clutter and affecting the angle measurement accuracy.

[0070] In view of the above problems, such as Figure 5 As shown, the back slope 220 is located on one side of the slope 210 and serves as a transition for the protruding structure 200, thereby reducing the angle between the protruding structure 200 and the first surface 110. This improves the chaotic propagation mode of surface waves, making phase measurement more linear and thus improving the accuracy of angle measurement. By setting the back slope 220, the energy of the pits caused by the protruding structure 200 can be replenished through the gradual descent of the back slope 220, thereby improving the phase inaccuracy caused by the replenishment of pit energy.

[0071] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, the angle between the back slope 220 and the first surface 110 is b, where 10°≤b≤25°. By controlling the angle between the back slope 220 and the first surface 110, the back slope 220 can be made gentler, so that when electromagnetic waves are transmitted on the back slope 220 and from the back slope 220 to the first surface 110, the change in transmission direction is smaller, thereby reducing the risk of electromagnetic wave clutter, suppressing surface waves of the waveguide antenna, improving the smoothness of the azimuth gain curve of the waveguide antenna, and thus improving the angle measurement accuracy of the waveguide antenna.

[0072] Optionally, the angle b between the back slope surface 220 and the first surface 110 can be any value between 10° and 25° or any two values. This embodiment does not limit this value. For example, the angle b between the back slope surface 220 and the first surface 110 can be 10°, 12°, 15°, 18°, 20°, or 25°.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the angle between the back slope 220 and the ramp 210 is greater than 90°. This arrangement can prevent sharp diffraction caused by the acute angle between the back slope 220 and the ramp 210. If the angle between the back slope 220 and the ramp 210 is greater than or equal to 90°, it will have a significant adverse effect on the radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna.

[0074] To further increase the isolation between waveguide antennas, in some possible implementations, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first surface 110 is also provided with an isolation structure 400, which is located on the side of the back slope 220 away from the inclined slope 210. The isolation structure 400 is used to isolate electromagnetic waves, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference and radio interference between waveguide antennas, reducing wire coupling of signals between waveguide antennas, increasing the isolation between waveguide antennas, maintaining the continuity of the radiation pattern of the waveguide antennas, and further improving the reliability of the waveguide antennas.

[0075] In one embodiment, the isolation structure 400 is an isolation groove 410 disposed on the first surface 110, and the end of the back slope 220 facing away from the slope 210 abuts against the bottom wall 411 of the isolation groove 410. When electromagnetic waves diffract on the back slope 220, they can be directed from the back slope 220 into the isolation groove 410. The isolation groove 410 is a recess disposed on the first surface 110, so that the radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves will change due to entering the isolation groove 410, thereby reducing the amount radiated toward other waveguide antennas, thus preventing mutual influence and interference between waveguide antennas, improving the isolation between waveguide antennas, and ensuring the performance of each waveguide antenna.

[0076] Optionally, in this embodiment, part of the wall of the isolation groove 410 is formed by a back slope surface 220. That is, one end of the back slope surface 220 away from the slope surface 210 forms part of the wall of the isolation groove 410, while the other part of the wall is formed by opening a groove in the antenna body 100. This configuration enables the back slope surface 220 to serve multiple purposes and also allows the back slope surface 220 to be wider, improving the effect of filling the pit.

[0077] In one embodiment, the antenna body 100 and the protrusion structure 200 are integrally formed to provide a high connection strength.

[0078] It is understandable that the protruding structure 200 and the antenna body 100 can also be separate structures, with the protruding structure 200 fixedly connected to the antenna body 100. By setting the protruding structure 200 and the antenna body 100 as separate structures, the waveguide antenna provided in this embodiment can be obtained simply by adding the protruding structure 200 to the existing waveguide antenna, making full use of the original waveguide antenna. Only the protruding structure 200 needs to be remanufactured, reducing the cost of the waveguide antenna. It should be noted that when processing the protruding structure 200, a slope surface 210 and a back slope surface 220 can be processed on a single piece of material first. Then, slots corresponding to the radiation openings of the original waveguide antenna can be made at the corresponding positions on the slope surface 210, thereby obtaining the protruding structure 200 that meets the requirements. Finally, the protruding structure 200 is fixedly connected to the antenna body 100 to obtain the waveguide antenna.

[0079] In some alternative embodiments, to reduce the clutter of electromagnetic waves in the radiation isolation tank 410, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the bottom wall 411 of the isolation groove 410 in this embodiment is an arc-shaped wall. This design enables the gradual descent of electromagnetic waves, suppresses surface waves of the waveguide antenna, improves the smoothness of the azimuth gain curve of the waveguide antenna, and thus improves the angular measurement accuracy of the waveguide antenna.

[0080] Optionally, such as Figure 11 As shown, the isolation groove 410 has two opposing groove sidewalls 412 along the length direction of the waveguide antenna (referred to as the first direction in this embodiment). The two ends of the back slope surface 220 in the first direction abut against the two opposing groove sidewalls 412 of the isolation groove 410. That is, the length of the isolation groove 410 in the first direction is equal to the length of the slope surface 210 in the first direction. This avoids the appearance of pits in the first direction, ensuring the accuracy of the waveguide antenna's phase diagram.

[0081] In other embodiments, the isolation structure 400 may not be the isolation groove 410, but rather an isolation protrusion, isolation strip, etc., all of which can achieve the effect of isolation between waveguide antennas. This embodiment will not describe them in detail here.

[0082] Optionally, the antenna body 100 is a structure with a certain length and width. Generally, the length of the antenna body 100 is greater than its width. Of course, the length of the antenna body 100 can also be equal to its width. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0083] In this embodiment, the protruding structure 200 extends along the length direction of the antenna body 100, that is, the protruding structure 200 has a certain length, and its length direction is the same as that of the antenna body 100. This arrangement improves the utilization of space in the antenna body 100. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the back slope surface 220 and the ramp surface 210 are arranged in the width direction of the antenna body 100, that is, the back slope surface 220 is located on one side of the ramp surface 210 in the width direction of the antenna body 100. This arrangement ensures a gradual descent effect, guarantees the replenishment of energy in the depression, and improves the phase accuracy of the waveguide antenna.

[0084] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the protruding structure 200 has a protruding side surface 240 located between the slope surface 210 and the back slope surface 220, that is, the surface of the protruding structure 200 in the length direction of the antenna body 100. In this embodiment, the protruding side surface 240 may be perpendicular to the first surface 110, that is, the angle between the protruding side surface 240 and the first surface 110 is 90°.

[0085] Of course, it is understandable that the angle between the raised side 240 and the first surface 110 can be less than 90°, and the angle between the raised side 240 and the slope surface 210 and the back slope surface 220 is greater than 90°. In this way, the raised side 240 can form a gentle slope, thereby reducing the pit formed by the raised structure 200 in the length direction of the antenna body 100, further reducing the energy loss caused by the pit setting. The setting of the raised side 240 realizes energy replenishment, thereby further improving the phase of the waveguide antenna.

[0086] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, a first transition section 230 connects the slope surface 210 and the back slope surface 220. The first transition section 230 serves as a transition between the slope surface 210 and the back slope surface 220; that is, the slope surface 210 and the back slope surface 220 are not directly connected, but are connected through the first transition section 230. This arrangement avoids the problem of sharp angles between the slope surface 210 and the back slope surface 220, improves the cluttered transmission mode of the waveguide antenna to a certain extent, makes phase measurement more linear, and the radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna more continuous, resulting in more accurate angle measurement.

[0087] The specific structure of the first transition section 230 can be varied. In one embodiment, the first transition section 230 includes a first transition surface (not shown in the figure), and the slope surface 210 is connected to the back slope surface 220 through the first transition surface.

[0088] In other embodiments, the first transition portion 230 includes a plurality of interconnected first transition surfaces, which are connected between the back slope surface 220 and the inclined slope surface 210.

[0089] It should be noted that the first transition surface can be a plane, an arc surface, a curved surface, etc., and this embodiment does not limit it.

[0090] It is understandable that the slope surface 210 and the back slope surface 220 can be directly connected, but this embodiment does not limit this.

[0091] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, both the slope surface 210 and the back slope surface 220 are planar surfaces. In other embodiments, the slope surface 210 may also be a curved surface, an arc surface, or other non-planar surface. The back slope surface 220 may also be a curved surface, an arc surface, or other non-planar surface; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0092] Optionally, the connection between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 is smoothly transitioned; this setting can reduce the number of sharp corners, improve the chaotic transmission mode of the waveguide antenna surface wave to a certain extent, make the phase measurement more linear, and make the angle measurement accuracy more accurate.

[0093] In some optional embodiments, the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 can be directly connected, or they can be connected through a second transition portion; this embodiment is not limited in this respect. When a second transition portion is provided between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110, the second transition portion is used for the transition between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110. This configuration can avoid the problem of sharp angles between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110, and to a certain extent improves the cluttered transmission mode of the waveguide antenna surface wave, making phase measurement more linear, the radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna more continuous, and the angle measurement accuracy more accurate.

[0094] The specific structure of the second transition section can be varied. In one embodiment, the second transition section includes a second transition surface (not shown in the figure), and the ramp surface 210 is connected to the first surface 110 through the second transition surface.

[0095] In other embodiments, the second transition portion includes a plurality of interconnected second transition surfaces connected between the first surface 110 and the ramp surface 210.

[0096] It should be noted that the second transition surface can be a plane, an arc surface, a curved surface, etc., and this embodiment does not limit it.

[0097] Similarly, the connection between the back slope surface 220 and the first surface 110 is smooth; or, when the end of the back slope surface 220 facing away from the slope surface 210 is not provided with an isolation structure 400, a third transition portion (not shown in the figure) may be connected between the back slope surface 220 and the first surface 110. The third transition portion may include one or more third transition surfaces, which may be planar or non-planar (e.g., curved surface, arc surface, etc.).

[0098] Optionally, such as Figure 8 As shown, the cavities 310 are arranged in a tree-like pattern, meaning the shape of the cavities 310 is tree-like. This arrangement allows the electromagnetic waves emitted by the waveguide antenna to be more uniform in both the length and width directions of the antenna body 100, improving the uniformity and stability of the transmitted signal. It should be noted that the tree-like pattern has a root and multiple layers of branches, with each layer of branches formed by the branches of the layer above it, and the branch closest to the root branching out from the root.

[0099] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, multiple radiating slots 320 are provided, and the multiple radiating slots 320 are spaced apart along the length direction of the antenna body 100. In some optional embodiments, the multiple radiating slots 320 can be arranged at equal intervals to further improve the uniformity of the waveguide antenna transmitted signal. By providing multiple radiating slots 320, the intensity of the beam radiated by the radiating slot group 300 can also be improved. Exemplarily, there are six radiating slots 320 in this embodiment; in other embodiments, there can be four, eight, etc.

[0100] Optionally, corresponding to the plurality of radiation slots 320, the cavity 310 includes a plurality of radiation channels (not shown in the figure), and the plurality of radiation channels are connected one-to-one with the plurality of radiation slots 320 to realize signal transmission. In this embodiment, there are six radiation channels.

[0101] Based on the tree-like shape of cavity 310, such as Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a more specific cavity 310, but it is not limited thereto. The cavity 310 includes an inlet channel 311, a primary hollow channel 312, a secondary hollow channel 313, and a tertiary hollow channel 314. Specifically, there is one inlet channel 311, two primary hollow channels 312, four secondary hollow channels 313, and four tertiary hollow channels 314.

[0102] For example, one end of the inlet channel 311 extends to the outer surface 130 of the antenna body 100 and forms a signal inlet 3111 on the outer surface 130, through which a signal can be input to the inlet channel 311. Two primary hollow channels 312 are connected to the other end of the inlet channel 311. In one possible implementation, both primary hollow channels 312 extend in a direction away from the inlet channel 311 and in the length direction of the antenna body 100. Each primary hollow channel 312 connects to two secondary hollow channels 313, and the secondary hollow channels 313 are connected to the end of the primary hollow channel 312 away from the inlet channel 311. Two of the four secondary hollow channels 313 are connected to tertiary hollow channels 314. Specifically, one of the two secondary hollow channels 313 connected to the same primary hollow channel 312 is connected to two tertiary hollow channels 314. For ease of understanding, the two secondary hollow channels 313 connected to the same primary hollow channel 312 are named Secondary Hollow Channel One and Secondary Hollow Channel Two, respectively. Secondary Hollow Channel One is connected to two of the tertiary hollow channels 314, while Secondary Hollow Channel Two is not connected to any of the tertiary hollow channels 314. Furthermore, each tertiary hollow channel 314 and each secondary hollow channel 313 not connected to a tertiary hollow channel 314 is connected to a corresponding radiation slot 320. That is, each of the two Secondary Hollow Channels Two and each of the four tertiary hollow channels 314 is connected to a radiation slot 320, thereby achieving communication between the six radiation slots 320 and the cavity 310.

[0103] The signal enters the entrance channel 311 through the signal inlet 3111, and splits into two paths at the entrance channel 311, entering the first-level hollow channel 312. The signal in each first-level hollow channel 312 is further split into two paths, one entering the second-level hollow channel one, and the other entering the second-level hollow channel two. The signal in the second-level hollow channel one is further split into two paths, entering the third-level hollow channel 314 respectively. The signal in the third-level hollow channel 314 is emitted from the corresponding connected radiation slot 320, while the signal entering the second-level hollow channel two is emitted directly from the radiation slot 320. The cavity 310 provided in this embodiment can achieve signal emission from multiple radiation ports 323 through only one signal inlet 3111, providing rich functionality. Furthermore, the central control channel branches at each level, improving the uniformity and reliability of signal transmission.

[0104] It should be noted that both the third-level hollow channel 314 and the second-level hollow channel are radiation channels that are connected to the radiation tank 320 as described above.

[0105] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 11As shown, the antenna body 100 also includes a first side surface located between the mounting surface 120 and the radiating array, which is the side surface of the antenna body 100. At least a portion of the first side surface is curved, specifically, the first side surface includes an arcuate surface 131. By providing the arcuate surface 131, the waveguide antenna can be adapted to irregularly shaped mounting spaces, improving the adaptability of the waveguide antenna.

[0106] In some alternative embodiments, the orthographic projection of the radiation port 323 onto the thickness direction of the antenna body 100 is a polygon. For example, as... Figure 3 As shown, the orthographic projection of the radiating port 323 onto the thickness direction of the antenna body 100 is rectangular. It is understood that the orthographic projection of the radiating port 323 onto the thickness direction of the antenna body 100 can also be square, pentagonal, etc., but this embodiment does not limit this.

[0107] Optionally, such as Figure 10 As shown, the radiation port 323 has a rounded chamfer, meaning that the radiation port 323 does not have right-angle corners, but is designed with a rounded chamfer. Correspondingly, the corners of the radiation groove 320 are arc-shaped walls with corresponding rounded chamfers. This design can reduce sharp corners during signal transmission, thereby preventing signal clutter problems.

[0108] To ensure that the radiation port 323 has a sufficient area facing the detection target, in this embodiment, the area of ​​the radiation port 323 located on the slope surface 210 (referred to as the slope area in this embodiment) is called the slope area, and the percentage of the slope area to the total area of ​​the radiation port 323 is in the range of **%-%. In this way, most or all of the radiation port 323 can face the detection target, further ensuring direct radiation to the detection target.

[0109] In this embodiment, the percentage of the beveled area to the total area of ​​the radiation port 323 is any value between 60% and 100% or any two values. This embodiment does not limit this percentage to 60%, 80%, 85%, 90%; 95%, 100%.

[0110] The waveguide antenna and radar 20 provided in this embodiment, by setting a protruding structure 200, the protruding structure 200 is provided with a slope surface 210, and part of the radiation port 323 is located on the slope surface 210, can increase the detection angle of radar 20, and can ensure the accuracy of angle measurement under large detection angle, and can also ensure that the detection distance under large angle is sufficient.

[0111] Figures 12-14The beam pointing pattern of the waveguide antenna provided in this embodiment is specifically the beam pointing pattern of the vertical plane of the waveguide antenna. The angle between the ramp surface 210 and the first surface 110 of the waveguide antenna is 30°, meaning the angle of interest of the waveguide antenna is 60°. Furthermore, the horizontal axis in the figure represents angle measurement (in degrees), and the vertical axis represents gain (in dB). Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna with four radiating slots 320. Figure 12 The solid line in the diagram represents the beam pointing pattern of the waveguide antenna with the protruding structure 200 provided in this embodiment. Figure 12 The dashed line in the diagram represents the beam pointing pattern of a waveguide antenna without a raised structure 200 in the prior art. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna with six radiating slots 320. Figure 13 The solid line in the diagram represents the beam pointing pattern of the waveguide antenna with the protruding structure 200 provided in this embodiment. Figure 13 The dashed line in the diagram represents the beam pointing pattern of a waveguide antenna without a raised structure 200 in the prior art. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna with eight radiating slots 320. Figure 14 The solid line in the diagram represents the beam pointing pattern of the waveguide antenna with the protruding structure 200 provided in this embodiment. Figure 14 The dashed line in the diagram represents the beam pointing pattern of a waveguide antenna without a raised structure 200 in the prior art.

[0112] Depend on Figures 12 to 14 As shown by the curves, the radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna reaches its maximum at or near the angle of interest (-60° and 60°). At this point, the radiating port 323 is directly facing the target, resulting in a longer detection distance for the waveguide antenna in the direction of the target.

[0113] Figures 15 to 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the angle measurement accuracy of the radar 20 provided in this embodiment. The waveguide antenna in the radar 20 is a waveguide antenna with a protruding structure 200 and including six radiating slots 320. Figure 15 The horizontal axis represents the measured angle (in degrees), and the vertical axis represents the azimuth error. Figure 16 The horizontal axis represents the measured angle (in degrees), and the vertical axis represents the elevation angle error. Figure 17 The horizontal axis represents the angle in the horizontal direction (in degrees), and the vertical axis represents the number of calibration intervals.

[0114] from Figure 15 As can be seen, the azimuth error is small, close to 0, between -80° and +80°. Figure 16 As can be seen, the elevation angle error is also small when the measured angle is between -80° and +80°, which meets the requirements for angle measurement accuracy.

[0115] Figure 18 The beam pointing patterns of the waveguide antenna including six radiating slots 320 are provided for this embodiment when the included angle between the back slope 220 and the first surface 110 is 0°, 10°, and 25°. Figure 18 As can be seen, when the angle between the back slope 220 and the first surface 110 is 0°, the waveguide antenna gain is relatively low within the angle measurement range of -150° to 0°. Within this range, the gains are roughly the same for angles of 10° and 25° between the back slope 220 and the first surface 110. However, within the angle measurement range of 0° to 60°, the gain for an angle of 10° between the back slope 220 and the first surface 110 is generally greater than the gain for an angle of 25°.

[0116] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A waveguide antenna, characterized in that, include: Antenna body (100); A protruding structure (200) is provided on the first surface (110) of the antenna body (100), and the protruding structure (200) has a ramp surface (210) and a back slope surface (220), the ramp surface (210) being arranged towards the detection target; The radiating slot group (300) includes a cavity (310) and a radiating slot (320). The cavity (310) is disposed on the antenna body (100). The radiating slot (320) includes a first sub-slot (321) disposed on the cavity (310) and a second sub-slot (322) disposed on the slope surface (210). The first sub-slot (321) communicates with the cavity (310) and the second sub-slot (322).

2. The waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the slope surface (210) and the first surface (110) is α, where 20°≤α≤50°.

3. The waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the back slope (220) and the first surface (110) is b, where 10°≤b≤25°.

4. The waveguide antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle between the slope surface (210) and the back slope surface (220) is greater than 90°.

5. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first surface (110) is also provided with an isolation structure (400), which is located on the side of the back slope (220) away from the slope (210).

6. The waveguide antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The isolation structure (400) is an isolation groove (410). The end of the back slope (220) facing away from the inclined slope (210) abuts against the bottom wall (411) of the isolation groove (410). The bottom wall (411) of the isolation groove (410) is an arc-shaped wall.

7. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The slope surface (210) is connected to the back slope surface (220); or, a first transition section (230) is connected between the slope surface (210) and the back slope surface (220).

8. The waveguide antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first transition section (230) includes a first transition surface, and the slope surface (210) is connected to the back slope surface (220) through the first transition surface; Alternatively, the first transition section (230) may include a plurality of interconnected first transition surfaces, which are connected between the slope surface (210) and the back slope surface (220).

9. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The length direction of the protruding structure (200) is the same as the length direction of the antenna body (100), and the slope surface (210) and the back slope surface (220) are arranged in the width direction of the antenna body (100).

10. A radar, characterized in that, Including the waveguide antenna as described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images