Electronic atomization device and porous element

Abstract

The application provides an electronic atomization device and a porous body. The electronic atomization device comprises a liquid storage cavity, a porous body element arranged to receive a liquid substrate of the liquid storage cavity, and a heating element at least partially formed on or combined with the porous body element and used to heat at least part of the liquid substrate in the porous body element to generate an aerosol. The porous body element comprises a first direction, a second direction and a third direction perpendicular to each other, a plurality of liquid guiding channels arranged at intervals along the third direction, and a plurality of layers of the liquid guiding channels arranged in a cross-linked network and substantially parallel to a plane defined by the first direction and the second direction. The liquid guiding channels are sequentially arranged into a first portion, a second portion and a third portion along the third direction. The number of layers of the liquid guiding channels per unit size in the second portion is greater than that in the first portion and / or the third portion. The above electronic atomization device can improve the strength of the porous body element from both sides through the first portion and the third portion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic atomization technology, and in particular to an electronic atomization device and a porous element. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco products (such as cigarettes, cigars, etc.) produce tobacco smoke by burning tobacco during use. Efforts are being made to replace these tobacco-burning products by creating products that release compounds without combustion.

[0003] Examples of such products are heating devices that release compounds by heating rather than burning a material. For example, the material could be tobacco or other non-tobacco products, which may or may not contain nicotine. As another example, there are aerosol-providing articles, such as so-called electronic atomizing devices. These devices typically contain a liquid that is heated to vaporize, thereby producing an inhalable aerosol; the liquid may contain nicotine and / or flavorings and / or aerosol-generating substances (e.g., glycerin). Known electronic atomizing devices produce an aerosol by drawing in and delivering a liquid matrix through a multilayered, parallel, cross-linked network of channels formed within a ceramic matrix, and by heating the liquid matrix delivered through the multilayered, parallel, cross-linked network of channels by a heating element bonded to the ceramic matrix. Utility Model Content

[0004] One embodiment of this application provides an electronic atomizing device, comprising:

[0005] A liquid storage chamber is used to store a liquid matrix;

[0006] A porous element is arranged to receive the liquid matrix of the reservoir.

[0007] A heating element, at least partially formed or incorporated into the porous element, is used to heat at least a portion of the liquid matrix within the porous element to generate an aerosol.

[0008] The porous body element includes:

[0009] The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other;

[0010] Multilayer liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous element along the third direction; the liquid guiding channels are in the form of an interlinked network and are substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions;

[0011] The first part, the second part, and the third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the number or number of liquid guiding channels per unit size in the second part is greater than the number or number of liquid guiding channels per unit size in one or both of the first part and the third part.

[0012] In some embodiments, the heating element includes a heating portion that is incorporated into the second portion and bypasses the first portion and / or the third portion.

[0013] In some embodiments, the heating element and / or the heating portion is substantially planar; and the heating element and / or the heating portion is arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane of the liquid guiding channel.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the surface of the second portion defines an atomization region of the liquid matrix;

[0015] And / or, the first portion and / or the third portion define the strength-enhancing region of the porous element.

[0016] In some embodiments, along the third direction, the extension dimension of the second portion is greater than the extension dimension of the first portion and / or the third portion.

[0017] In some embodiments, the extension dimension of the second portion along the third direction is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the dimension of the porous element along the third direction;

[0018] And / or, the extension dimension of the first portion and / or the third portion along the third direction is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the dimension of the porous element along the third direction.

[0019] In some embodiments, the liquid guiding channel includes a plurality of first channels extending along the first direction and a plurality of second channels extending along the second direction; the plurality of first channels and the plurality of second channels intersect to form a cross-linked network of liquid guiding channels.

[0020] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channels in the second portion is less than the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channels in one or both of the first portion and the third portion.

[0021] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channels in the second part is between 60 μm and 120 μm;

[0022] And / or, the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channels in the first part and / or the third part is between 90 μm and 200 μm.

[0023] In some embodiments, the porous element also has a plurality of disordered micropores.

[0024] In some embodiments, the ratio of the volume of the micropores in the second part to the volume of the second part is greater than the ratio of the volume of the micropores in the first part to the volume of the first part and / or the ratio of the volume of the micropores in the third part to the volume of the third part.

[0025] In some embodiments, the ratio of the volume of all the micropores in the porous element to the volume of all the liquid channels is 0.5 to 1.5:1.

[0026] In some embodiments, the apparent density of the second portion is less than the apparent density of the first portion and / or the third portion.

[0027] In some embodiments, the ratio of the apparent density of the second portion to the apparent density of the first portion and / or the third portion is between 0.4 and 0.9:1.

[0028] In some embodiments, the porous element is prepared by sintering a green body comprising a multilayer spaced cross-linked network precursor, and the liquid channel is formed by the space occupied by the cross-linked network precursor being thermally decomposed or volatilized during sintering.

[0029] Another embodiment of this application also proposes an electronic atomizing device, comprising:

[0030] A liquid storage chamber is used to store a liquid matrix;

[0031] A porous element is arranged to receive the liquid matrix of the reservoir.

[0032] A heating element, at least partially formed or incorporated into the porous element, is used to heat at least a portion of the liquid matrix within the porous element to generate an aerosol.

[0033] The porous body element includes:

[0034] The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other;

[0035] Multilayer liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous element along the third direction; the liquid guiding channels are in the form of an interlinked network and are substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions;

[0036] The first part, the second part, and the third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channel in the second part is less than the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channel in one or both of the first part and the third part.

[0037] Another embodiment of this application also proposes an electronic atomizing device, comprising:

[0038] A liquid storage chamber is used to store a liquid matrix;

[0039] A porous element is arranged to receive the liquid matrix of the reservoir.

[0040] A heating element, at least partially formed or incorporated into the porous element, is used to heat at least a portion of the liquid matrix within the porous element to generate an aerosol.

[0041] The porous body element includes:

[0042] The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other;

[0043] Multilayer liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous element along the third direction; the liquid guiding channels are in the form of an interlinked network and are substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions;

[0044] A first part, a second part, and a third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the apparent density of the second part is less than the apparent density of the first part and / or the third part.

[0045] Another embodiment of this application provides a porous element for an electronic atomizing device, comprising:

[0046] The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other;

[0047] Multilayer liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous element along the third direction; the liquid guiding channels are in the form of an interlinked network and are substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions;

[0048] The first part, the second part, and the third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the number or number of liquid guiding channels per unit size in the second part is greater than the number or number of liquid guiding channels per unit size in one or both of the first part and the third part.

[0049] Another embodiment of this application provides a porous element for an electronic atomizing device, comprising:

[0050] The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other;

[0051] Multilayer liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous element along the third direction; the liquid guiding channels are in the form of an interlinked network and are substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions;

[0052] The first part, the second part, and the third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the apparent density of the second part is less than that of the first part and / or the third part, or the first part and / or the third part is relatively more dense than the second part.

[0053] Another embodiment of this application also proposes a method for preparing a porous element for an electronic atomizing device, the method comprising:

[0054] A scorchable cross-linked network precursor is obtained, and at least one of the cross-linked network precursors is coated with a slurry to form a green substrate; the green substrate may include a first green substrate, a second green substrate, and a third green substrate; wherein the thickness of the first green substrate and / or the third green substrate is greater than the thickness of the second green substrate;

[0055] The first, second, and third green embryo substrates are stacked sequentially to form a green embryo, which is then sintered.

[0056] In some embodiments, the slurry includes ceramic or glass raw materials and pore-forming agents;

[0057] The content of the pore-forming agent in the first and / or third green embryo substrate is less than the content of the pore-forming agent in the second green embryo substrate.

[0058] In the above electronic atomizing device, the porous element can enhance the strength from both sides through the first and third parts. Attached Figure Description

[0059] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic atomizing device provided in one embodiment;

[0061] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An exemplary structural diagram of a mid-range atomizer;

[0062] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of the atomizing component from one perspective;

[0063] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a porous element from one perspective;

[0064] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a porous element from one perspective;

[0065] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the atomization surface of a porous element;

[0066] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of forming a green substrate by coating a ceramic slurry onto a cross-linked network precursor during the fabrication of a porous element according to one embodiment.

[0067] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of stacking multiple green substrates to form a green embryo during the fabrication of a porous element according to one embodiment.

[0068] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the atomized surface of a porous element prepared by sintering a green embryo in one embodiment;

[0069] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A magnified view of the atomization surface of a porous element. Detailed Implementation

[0070] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more detailed description of this application will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0071] One embodiment of this application provides an electronic atomizing device, which can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 1 As shown, it includes an atomizer 100 that stores a liquid matrix and atomizes it to generate an aerosol, and a power supply mechanism 200 that supplies power to the atomizer 100. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the atomizer 100 and power supply mechanism 200 of the electronic atomizing device are separable or detachable relative to each other; an electronic atomizing device having such a separable or detachable atomizer 100 and power supply mechanism 200 is, for example, a so-called "refillable" electronic atomizing device. Alternatively, in some further variations, the atomizer 100 and power supply mechanism 200 of the electronic atomizing device are securely enclosed and fixed by the housing components of the electronic atomizing device, thereby preventing the atomizer 100 and power supply mechanism 200 from being detachable relative to each other; an electronic atomizing device having such a non-detachable atomizer 100 and power supply mechanism 200 relative to each other is, for example, a so-called "integrated or disposable" electronic atomizing device.

[0072] In an alternative embodiment, for example Figure 1As shown, the power supply mechanism 200 includes a receiving cavity 270 disposed at one end along the length direction for receiving and accommodating at least a portion of the atomizer 100, and an electrical contact 230 at least partially exposed on the surface of the receiving cavity 270 for supplying power to the atomizer 100 when at least a portion of the atomizer 100 is received and accommodated within the power supply mechanism 200.

[0073] according to Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, an electrical contact 21 is provided at one end of the atomizer 100 along the length direction, so that when at least a portion of the atomizer 100 is received in the receiving cavity 270, the electrical contact 21 forms an electrical conductivity by contacting and abutting against the electrical contact 230.

[0074] exist Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, a sealing member 260 is provided inside the power supply mechanism 200, and the sealing member 260 divides at least a portion of the internal space of the power supply mechanism 200 to form the receiving cavity 270. Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the seal 260 is configured to extend along the cross-sectional direction of the power supply mechanism 200, and is preferably made of a flexible material, thereby preventing the liquid matrix that seeps from the atomizer 100 into the receiving cavity 270 from flowing into components such as the controller 220 and sensor 250 inside the power supply mechanism 200.

[0075] exist Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the power supply mechanism 200 further includes a battery cell 210 for power supply located at the other end of the receiving cavity 270 along the length direction; and a controller 220 disposed between the battery cell 210 and the receiving cavity 270, the controller 220 being operable to guide current between the battery cell 210 and the electrical contact 230.

[0076] In use, the power supply mechanism 200 includes a sensor 250 for sensing the suction airflow generated when the atomizer 100 is inhaled, and then the controller 220 controls the battery cell 210 to output current to the atomizer 100 according to the detection signal of the sensor 250.

[0077] exist Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the power supply mechanism 200 is provided with a charging interface 240 at the other end away from the receiving cavity 270 for charging the battery cell 210.

[0078] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the atomizer 100 includes:

[0079] The housing 10 defines at least a portion of the outer surface of the atomizer 100. According to Figure 2As shown, the outer casing 10 is generally longitudinally elongated cylindrical in shape, with a hollow interior for accommodating essential functional components for storing and atomizing the liquid matrix; the outer casing 10 has a proximal end 110 and a distal end 120 that are opposite to each other along its length. The proximal end 110 is configured as the end where the user inhales the aerosol, and has an outlet 111 for the user to inhale; while the distal end 120 is configured as the end that is connected to the power supply mechanism 200.

[0080] See Figure 2 As shown, the housing 10 has a liquid storage chamber 12 for storing a liquid matrix, and an atomizing assembly for drawing the liquid matrix from the liquid storage chamber 12 and heating and atomizing the liquid matrix. Among these, in... Figure 2 In the schematic diagram shown, the outer shell 10 is provided with an aerosol transmission tube 11 arranged along the axial direction. The space between the aerosol transmission tube 11 and the inner wall of the outer shell 10 forms a liquid storage chamber 12 for storing liquid matrix. The aerosol transmission tube 11 extends to or terminates at the air outlet 111, thereby transmitting the generated aerosol to the air outlet 111 for inhalation.

[0081] In some alternative embodiments, the aerosol delivery tube 11 and the housing 10 are integrally molded from a moldable material, thereby defining a liquid reservoir 12 between the aerosol delivery tube 11 and the housing 10, and the liquid reservoir 12 has an opening that opens toward the distal end 120.

[0082] See Figures 2 to 3 As shown, the atomizer 100 further includes an atomizing component for drawing and atomizing the liquid matrix from the liquid reservoir 12 to generate an aerosol; specifically, the atomizing component includes:

[0083] The rigid porous element 30 is generally configured to be plate-shaped, sheet-shaped, or block-shaped; and the porous element 30 has a first side 310 and a second side 320 facing away from each other; the first side 310 is arranged toward the liquid storage cavity 12 and is in fluid communication with the liquid storage cavity 12.

[0084] Heating element 40, attached to the surface of the second side 320 of porous element 30, is used to heat at least a portion of the liquid matrix transferred by porous element 30 to generate an aerosol.

[0085] See Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the atomizer 100 further includes:

[0086] The rigid support 20 is made of, for example, organic polymer plastic or ceramic; the support 20 is used to house and support the atomizing assembly, especially to house the porous element 30;

[0087] The sealing element 50 is made of a flexible material, such as silicone or a thermoplastic elastomer; the sealing element 50 is at least partially located within the support 20 and partially surrounds or encloses the porous element 30; the sealing element 50 is used to provide a seal between the support 20 and the porous element 30.

[0088] See Figures 2 to 3 As shown, the porous element 30 is configured to extend longitudinally perpendicular to the atomizer 100; the first side 310 and the second side 320 of the porous element 30 are arranged opposite to each other along the longitudinal direction of the atomizer 100. The first side 310 of the porous element 30 is arranged towards the liquid reservoir 12 and is in fluid communication with the liquid reservoir 12, for example in... Figure 2 The first side 310, indicated by the middle arrow R1, is in fluid communication with the liquid storage chamber 12 through the liquid channel 13 defined within the support 20 to receive the liquid matrix; the surface of the second side 320 of the porous element 30 is configured as an atomizing surface, and the heating element 40 is attached to the atomizing surface / the surface of the second side 320 of the porous element 30.

[0089] according to Figure 2 As shown, an atomizing chamber 340 is defined between the second side 320 of the porous element 30 and the distal end 120 of the housing 10. This atomizing chamber 340 is located on the side of the porous element 30 opposite to the liquid reservoir 12; the atomizing chamber 340 provides space for releasing aerosol from the atomizing surface of the porous element 30. At least a portion of the heating element 40 is exposed in the atomizing chamber 340. During suction, external air enters the atomizing chamber 340 through the air inlet 22 of the distal end 120, carrying the aerosol within the atomizing chamber 340 to the aerosol delivery tube 11, and is then drawn in by the user at the air outlet 111. Figure 2 As indicated by the middle arrow R2.

[0090] Alternatively, in some variations, the atomizer 100 includes a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; for example, the transverse direction can be either the width direction or the thickness direction of the atomizer 100. Alternatively, for a cylindrical or similar polygonal atomizer 100, the transverse direction can be radial. In an embodiment, the porous element 30 is configured to extend longitudinally along the atomizer 100; the first side 310 and the second side 320 of the porous element 30 are arranged opposite to each other along the transverse direction of the atomizer 100. Thus, the surfaces of the first side 310 and / or the second side 320 of the porous element 30 both extend longitudinally along the atomizer 100; for example, a so-called "side-atomizing" atomizing assembly.

[0091] In some embodiments, the porous element 30 is a flat sheet or plate; and the surface of the first side 310 and / or the surface / atomizing surface of the second side 320 are flat, extended planes. Alternatively, in some other variations, the porous element 30 is a curved, arcuate sheet; and the surface of the first side 310 and / or the surface / atomizing surface of the second side 320 are curved surfaces.

[0092] exist Figures 2 to 3 In this embodiment, the porous element 30 is square in shape; or in some other variations, the porous element 30 may be generally circular, elliptical, polygonal, or other shapes with side notches. The porous element 30 may include at least one of glass, ceramic, carbon, metal, and high-temperature resistant polymer plastics.

[0093] exist Figures 2 to 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element 40 is a sheet-like heating element that is cut or etched from a sheet substrate and then mounted onto the second side 320. In some embodiments, the heating element 40 is formed on the second side 320 of the porous element 30 by printing, deposition, spraying, or other methods, thereby achieving a tight bond with the porous element 30. Alternatively, in other variations, the heating element 40 includes a thin layer or conductive trace formed on the second side 320 by printing, deposition, or other methods. Specifically, the heating element 40 includes printed, meandering, or meandering conductive traces.

[0094] In some embodiments, the heating element 40 is fluid-permeable; as used herein, "fluid-permeable" means that aerosols in the gas phase can easily pass through the heating element 40. For example, in Figure 3 As shown, the heating element 40 formed or incorporated on the surface / atomizing surface of the second side 320 of the porous element 30 can be in the form of a mesh shape with pores, thereby forming a fluid-permeable structure.

[0095] according to Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the heating element 40 includes:

[0096] A first electrode portion 41 and a second electrode portion 42 are arranged at intervals along the length direction, and a heating portion 43 extends between the first electrode portion 41 and the second electrode portion 42. The heating portion 43 is used to heat the liquid matrix to generate an aerosol; the first electrode portion 41 and the second electrode portion 42 are used to guide current on the heating portion 43. After assembly, an electrical contact 21 extends from the distal end 120 into the atomizer 100 and abuts against the first electrode portion 41 and the second electrode portion 42 to supply power to the heating element 40.

[0097] exist Figure 3 and Figure 6In the illustrated embodiment, the first electrode portion 41 and the second electrode portion 42 define the electrical connection region of the heating element 40. Additionally, the heating portion 43 defines the resistance heating region of the heating element 40.

[0098] In some embodiments, electrodes are further arranged on the first electrode portion 41 and / or the second electrode portion 42. For example, the first electrode is arranged by welding, mounting, or sintering after applying silver paste to the first electrode portion 41, and the second electrode is arranged by welding, mounting, or sintering after applying silver paste to the second electrode portion 42. The material of the electrodes may include metals or alloys with low resistivity such as gold, silver, and copper.

[0099] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the first electrode portion 41 and / or the second electrode portion 42 are connected to the circuit / power supply mechanism 200 by welding conductive leads or the like, so as to enable the controller 220 / power supply mechanism 200 to provide power to the heating element 40.

[0100] according to Figure 3 and Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element 40 is arranged to extend substantially along the length of the porous element 30. According to... Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element 40 extends substantially from a first end of the porous element 30 to a second end in the longitudinal direction. Figure 3 and Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the width of the first electrode portion 41 and / or the second electrode portion 42 is greater than the width of the heating portion 43.

[0101] In some embodiments, the basic sheet-like or block-like porous element 30 may have a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction; any two of the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. For example, in Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the first direction can be the length direction of the porous element 30, the second direction can be the width direction of the porous element 30, and the third direction can be the height direction of the porous element 30. Figures 2 to 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the first side 310 and the second side 320 of the porous element 30 may be arranged opposite to each other along a second direction. Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the length dimension of the porous element 30 can be greater than the width dimension, and the height dimension can be greater than the width dimension and less than the length dimension.

[0102] according to Figures 2 to 6 , Figure 9In the illustrated embodiment, the porous element 30 has multiple layers of spaced liquid guiding channels 330. Each layer of liquid guiding channels 330 includes several first channels 331 extending along a first direction and several second channels 332 extending along a second direction. The first channels 331 and the second channels 332 intersect, making the liquid guiding channels 330 essentially a cross-linked network. The liquid guiding channels 330 are essentially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions of the porous element 30.

[0103] In this embodiment, the multilayer liquid guiding channels 330 are arranged at intervals along the third direction of the porous element 30.

[0104] In the embodiment, the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 are orderly distributed and directionally extended within the porous element 30; and one of the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 extends from the first side 310 to the second side 320.

[0105] In the embodiment, the porous element 30 with cross-linked network liquid guiding channels 330 can achieve rapid liquid guiding in one of the first and second directions, while liquid replenishment can be achieved in the other direction, thereby avoiding the aerosol pushing the liquid matrix in the opposite direction during the atomization process, which would cause local insufficient liquid supply to the porous element 30.

[0106] In the embodiment, the porous element 30 also has a number of disordered micropores 34; the micropores 343 can further increase the porosity of the porous element 30, increase the ability of the porous element 30 to adsorb and retain liquid matrix, thereby alleviating the problem of insufficient local liquid supply when there is a lack of liquid matrix in the local liquid guiding channel 330 of the porous element 30.

[0107] In some embodiments, the diameter of the first channel 331 and / or the second channel 332 is greater than the average pore size of the micropore 34, so that the liquid conduction capacity of the first channel 331 and / or the second channel 332 is greater than the liquid conduction capacity of the micropore 34.

[0108] In some embodiments, the micropore 34 is connected to at least one first channel 331 and / or second channel 332, thereby increasing the resistance to gas backflow into the liquid matrix, reducing backflow, and allowing the porous element 30 to have a larger liquid storage space. In still other embodiments, the micropore 34 is not connected to the first channel 331 and / or second channel 332, but the micropore 34 may be connected to the surface of the second side 320 and the surface of the first side 310 of the porous element 30.

[0109] In some embodiments, the average pore size of the micropore 34 is between 0 and 30 μm. In some embodiments, the average pore size of the micropore 34 is 5 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 28 μm or 30 μm.

[0110] In some embodiments, the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 of the liquid guiding channel 330 are intersecting. In some embodiments, the included angle between the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 is substantially 90°; or, the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 are substantially orthogonal. Or, in still other embodiments, the included angle between the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 of the liquid guiding channel 330 is less than 90°.

[0111] In some embodiments, in the liquid guiding channels 330 of the same layer, the diameters of the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 are substantially equal. The cross-sections of the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 are substantially the same, such that the liquid flow capacity of the first channel 331 and the second channel 332 is substantially the same.

[0112] In some embodiments, the diameter of the first channel 331 and the diameter of the second channel 332 are approximately between 20 μm and 70 μm. In some optional embodiments, including one embodiment of this application, the diameter of the first channel 331 and / or the diameter of the second channel 332 are 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, or 70 μm.

[0113] In some embodiments, in the liquid guiding channels 330 of the same layer, the spacing between adjacent first channels 331 is equal, so that the plurality of first channels 331 are evenly distributed. And in some embodiments, in the liquid guiding channels 330 of the same layer, the spacing between adjacent second channels 332 is equal, so that the plurality of second channels 332 are evenly distributed.

[0114] In some embodiments, the center-to-center distance between adjacent first channels 331 and / or adjacent second channels 332 in the same layer of liquid guiding channels 330 is 60–200 μm. In a more preferred embodiment, the center-to-center distance between adjacent first channels 331 and / or adjacent second channels 332 is 60–120 μm. In some optional embodiments, the center-to-center distance between adjacent first channels 331 and / or adjacent second channels 332 is 60 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 98 μm, 100 μm, 105 μm, 108 μm, 110 μm, or 120 μm.

[0115] In some embodiments, the first channel 331 or the second channel 332 of the different layers of liquid guiding channels 330 are aligned. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first channel 331 or the second channel 332 of the different layers of liquid guiding channels 330 are staggered.

[0116] In some embodiments, the spacing between the liquid guiding channels 330 of adjacent layers is substantially the same. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the spacing between the liquid guiding channels 330 of adjacent layers varies. In some embodiments, the distance between the liquid guiding channels 330 of adjacent layers is 60 μm to 200 μm; more specifically, for example, the distance between the liquid guiding channels 330 of adjacent layers is 60 μm, 70 μm, 75 μm, 82 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 105 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 150 μm, 180 μm, or 200 μm.

[0117] In some embodiments, the porosity of the porous element 30 is 45% to 75%. Alternatively, the volume of all liquid channels 330 and micropores 34 within the porous element 30 accounts for 45% to 75% of the total volume of the porous element 30. In some embodiments, the volume of all liquid channels 330 within the porous element 30 accounts for 25% to 40% of the total volume of the porous element 30. In some embodiments, the volume of all micropores 34 accounts for 25% to 40% of the total volume of the porous element 30.

[0118] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the micropore 34 to the liquid channel 330 is 0.5 to 1.5:1. In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the micropore 34 to the liquid channel 330 is 1:1.

[0119] In some embodiments, the first channel 331 and / or the second channel 332 of the liquid guiding channel 330 are both straight. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the first channel 331 and / or the second channel 332 of the liquid guiding channel 330 are curved, which is advantageous for increasing the resistance of the gas to reverse-push the liquid matrix and preventing the liquid matrix from completely vaporizing at the same time.

[0120] In some embodiments, the orderly distribution of the liquid guiding channels 330 and the first channel 331 and / or the second channel 332 extending along a predetermined direction can be formed by laser drilling from different surfaces or two adjacent surfaces of the porous element 30; the first channel 331 and / or the second channel 332 formed by laser drilling can be through-holes. In laser drilling, the diameter of the first channel 331 and / or the second channel 332 can be adjusted by adjusting the energy of the laser.

[0121] In some embodiments, the cross-linked network liquid channels 330 within the porous element 30 can be formed by burn-off of a burnable network precursor.

[0122] In some other embodiments, the cross-section of the first channel 331 and / or the second channel 332 is circular, elliptical, or racetrack-shaped.

[0123] See Figures 2 to 6 , Figure 9 As shown, the porous element 30 includes a first part 31, a second part 32 and a third part 33 arranged sequentially along a third direction.

[0124] In some embodiments, the number or layers of liquid channels 330 per unit size in the second portion 32 is greater than the number or layers of liquid channels 330 per unit size in one or both of the first portion 31 and the third portion 33. In embodiments, it is advantageous to have a higher arrangement density of liquid channels 330 in the second portion 32 than the arrangement density of one or both of the first portion 31 and the third portion 33, which enhances the strength of the porous element 30 from both sides in a third direction. In use, at least a portion of the surface of the second portion 32 defines the atomization region of the liquid matrix; and the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33 defines the strength-enhancing region of the porous element 30.

[0125] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent liquid-conducting channels 330 in the second portion 32 is less than the distance between two adjacent liquid-conducting channels 330 in one or both of the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33. For example, in some optional embodiments, the distance between two adjacent liquid-conducting channels 330 in the second portion 32 is between 60 μm and 120 μm; the distance between two adjacent liquid-conducting channels 330 in the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33 is between 90 μm and 200 μm.

[0126] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the ratio of the volume of the liquid guiding channel 330 in the second portion 32 to the volume of the second portion 32 is greater than the ratio of the volume of the liquid guiding channel 330 in the first portion 31 to the volume of the first portion 31 and / or the ratio of the volume of the liquid guiding channel 330 in the third portion 33 to the volume of the third portion 33.

[0127] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the ratio of the volume of the micropores 34 in the second portion 32 to the total volume of the second portion 32 is greater than the ratio of the volume of the micropores 34 in the first portion 31 to the total volume of the first portion 31 and / or the ratio of the volume of the micropores 34 in the third portion 33 to the total volume of the third portion 33. Alternatively, the porosity of the micropores 34 in the second portion 32 is greater than the porosity of the micropores 34 in the first portion 31 and / or the porosity of the micropores 34 in the third portion 33.

[0128] Alternatively, in some other variations, the fluid channel 330 is formed or located in the second portion 32 and bypasses the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33.

[0129] according to Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the heating portion 43 of the heating element 40 may be formed or incorporated into the second portion 32, and avoids the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33. In use, at least a portion of the surface of the second portion 32 defines the atomization area of ​​the liquid matrix. Or in Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the heating portion 43 of the heating element 40 extends along a first direction of the porous element 30 on at least a portion of the surface of the second portion 32. Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the first electrode portion 41 and / or the second electrode portion 42 of the heating element 40 extend from the first portion 31 to the third portion 33 along a third direction.

[0130] In some embodiments, the heating element 40 and / or the heating portion 43 are substantially planar; and the heating element 40 and / or the heating portion 43 are substantially perpendicular to the plane containing the liquid channel 330 in the porous element 30.

[0131] In some embodiments, in a third direction of the porous element 30, the extension dimension of the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33 is smaller than the extension dimension of the second portion 32. In some optional embodiments, the extension dimension of the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33 is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the dimension of the porous element 30 in the third direction. In some optional embodiments, the extension dimension of the second portion 32 is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the dimension of the porous element 30 in the third direction.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33 are more dense than the second portion 32. In some embodiments, the apparent density of the second portion 32 is less than the apparent density of the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33. Generally, for the porous element 30 described above, "material density (i.e., mass per unit volume)" is an intrinsic property of the material and is essentially constant, which is insufficient to characterize the porosity of the porous element 30. Therefore, "apparent density (i.e., the ratio of the mass of the described object to its apparent volume)" can more accurately characterize the internal porosity.

[0133] In some embodiments, the ratio of the apparent density of the second portion 32 to the apparent density of the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33 is between 0.4 and 0.9:1. In a more preferred embodiment, the ratio of the apparent density of the second portion 32 to the apparent density of the first portion 31 and / or the third portion 33 is between 0.5 and 0.8:1.

[0134] Figures 7 to 8 The fabrication process of a porous element 30 in one embodiment is shown. In this embodiment, the porous element 30 is prepared by sintering a green stock 30a. Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the green embryo 30a has multiple layers of burnable cross-linked network precursors 330a arranged at intervals inside; during the sintering process, the cross-linked network precursors 330a are thermally decomposed or volatilized, thereby forming liquid-conducting channels 330 in the space occupied by the cross-linked network precursors 330a.

[0135] In some embodiments, the crosslinked network precursor 330a is prepared from a burnable organic fiber material; in some embodiments, the crosslinked network precursor 330a may be prepared from polyester, acrylic, nylon, cotton fiber, polypropylene, aramid or polyimide fiber (PI fiber), etc.

[0136] In the embodiments, the material of the green body 30a also contains pore-forming agents such as polymethyl methacrylate, methylcellulose, starch, pine powder, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, carbon powder, organic resin microspheres, carbon powder or wood chips; during the sintering process, the pore-forming agent is decomposed or volatilized, thereby forming micropores 34 in the porous element 30 in the space occupied by the pore-forming agent.

[0137] In some embodiments, the material of the green body 30a may be prepared from a ceramic slurry or a glass slurry with added pore-forming agent.

[0138] In some embodiments, the ceramic slurry or glass slurry may include: ceramic raw materials or glass raw materials, and resin.

[0139] In some embodiments, the ceramic or glass raw materials may include one or more of the following: silica, diatomaceous earth, alumina, zirconium oxide, manganese dioxide, yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide, silica, phosphorus pentoxide, calcium oxide, yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide, cerium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide, cordierite, mullite, and silicon carbide. In some embodiments, the ceramic or glass raw materials are added in powder form; in more preferred embodiments, the average particle size (D50) of the ceramic or glass raw material powder may be in the range of 0.1 μm to 30 μm; more preferably, it is in the range of 1 to 10 μm.

[0140] In some embodiments, the resin may be selected from one or more of epoxy resin, cyanate ester resin, UV resin, and polyurethane resin.

[0141] according to Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the fabrication process of the porous element 30 may include:

[0142] S10, mixing ceramic or glass raw materials, resin, and pore-forming agent to prepare a ceramic or glass slurry containing pore-forming agent.

[0143] In some preferred embodiments, ceramic or glass slurries may further include dispersants to improve the flowability and stability of the slurry. Dispersants typically used in the preparation of ceramic or glass slurries may include inorganic dispersants such as sodium phosphate and sodium silicate, organic small-molecule dispersants such as sodium citrate, and polymeric dispersants such as sodium polyacrylate.

[0144] In some optional embodiments, the ceramic slurry or glass slurry may include 40% to 65% ceramic raw material or glass raw material, <20% pore-forming agent, <1% dispersant, and the remainder being resin.

[0145] In some alternative embodiments, the ceramic or glass slurry preparation may be carried out in a three-roll mill or a mechanical mixer. After preparation, the ceramic or glass slurry may be placed in a vacuum defoamer to remove air bubbles mixed in with the slurry.

[0146] In some preferred embodiments, the ceramic slurry or glass slurry may include: a first slurry for forming a first portion 31 of the porous element 30, a second slurry for forming a second portion 32 of the porous element 30, and a third slurry for forming a third portion 33 of the porous element 30.

[0147] In some preferred embodiments, the proportion or content of pore-forming agent in the second slurry may be greater than that in the first slurry and / or the third slurry.

[0148] In one specific embodiment, the second slurry may include: 35 wt% diatomaceous earth ceramic raw material, 20 wt% glass powder raw material, 35 wt% epoxy resin, and 10 wt% PMMA microspheres as a pore-forming agent. In another specific embodiment, the first and / or third slurry may include: 30 wt% diatomaceous earth ceramic raw material, 17 wt% glass powder raw material, 35 wt% epoxy resin, and 18 wt% PMMA microspheres as a pore-forming agent.

[0149] In one specific embodiment, the particle size D50 of the diatomaceous earth ceramic raw material powder is 10 μm; in another specific embodiment, the particle size D50 of the glass powder is 5 μm; and the particle size D50 of the pore-forming agent PMMA microspheres is 30 μm.

[0150] according to Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the fabrication process of the porous element 30 also includes:

[0151] S20, obtain Figure 7 The cross-linked network precursor 330a is shown; and the cross-linked network precursor 330a is coated with ceramic slurry or glass slurry by coating, impregnation or embedding processes or methods to form a green substrate.

[0152] In some preferred embodiments, the crosslinked network precursor 330a is woven from a burnable organic fiber material, such as polyester, acrylic, nylon, cotton fiber, polypropylene, aramid, or polyimide fiber; the crosslinked network precursor 330a may include a first braided filament 331a extending in a first direction and a second braided filament 332a extending in a second direction.

[0153] In some preferred embodiments, the woven crosslinked network precursor 330a has a mesh size or mesh number of 100 to 400. In one specific embodiment, the woven crosslinked network precursor 330a is woven from polyester fibers with a mesh size or mesh number of 200.

[0154] In some preferred embodiments, the green substrate may include: a first green substrate 31a formed by coating a first slurry with a crosslinked network precursor 330a, a second green substrate 32a formed by coating a second slurry with a crosslinked network precursor 330a, and a third green substrate 33a formed by coating a third slurry with a crosslinked network precursor 330a.

[0155] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the second embryo substrate 32a is less than the thickness of the first embryo substrate 31a and / or the third embryo substrate 33a.

[0156] according to Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the fabrication process of the porous element 30 also includes:

[0157] S30, such as Figure 8 As shown, multiple layers of green embryo substrates are stacked to form a green embryo 30a. In an embodiment, the stacked green embryo substrates may sequentially include at least two layers of first green embryo substrates 31a, multiple layers of second green embryo substrates 32a, and at least two layers of third green embryo substrates 33a.

[0158] In some preferred embodiments, the ceramic or glass raw material compositions in the first slurry of the first green substrate 31a, the second slurry of the second green substrate 32a, and the third slurry of the third green substrate 33a are the same; this is to ensure that the green substrates in the green substrate 30a have essentially the same shrinkage rate during sintering, so as to avoid interface defects caused by different shrinkage rates during the sintering process due to different compositions.

[0159] In some preferred embodiments, step S30 involves removing as much air as possible between adjacent layers during the stacking of multiple green substrate layers.

[0160] S40, the green embryo 30a is pre-cured by heating or UV irradiation, and then sintered to obtain the porous element 30.

[0161] In some preferred embodiments, when the resin in the ceramic or glass slurry is a thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin or cyanate ester resin, pre-curing can be performed by heating. When the resin in the ceramic or glass slurry is a photosensitive resin such as a UV (ultraviolet) resin, curing can be performed by UV lamp irradiation.

[0162] In the embodiments, during the pre-curing process, the green preform 30a can also be vacuumed by using a vacuum bag. This can help to remove as much air mixed in during the lamination process as possible and prevent small molecule gases generated by resin decomposition during the pre-curing process, thereby further reducing or eliminating the risk of defects in the subsequent sintering process.

[0163] In some preferred embodiments, step S40 can be performed by sintering at the sintering temperature of ceramics or glass. The sintering process can be carried out in a vacuum furnace. During sintering, the resin, cross-linked network precursor 330a, and pore-forming agent in the green body 30a are thermally decomposed or volatilized, thereby forming liquid-conducting channels 330 and micropores 34. In some preferred embodiments, the sintering temperature is 1000℃~1200℃. In some preferred embodiments, the sintering time is 1.5h~2.5h.

[0164] In some further preferred embodiments, the fabrication process of the porous element 30 also includes:

[0165] S50, Post-sintering treatment: The porous element 30 formed after sintering is cleaned, polished and cut to make it clean and smooth, and to form a final product cut to the required specific size.

[0166] For example Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the atomized surface of the porous element 30 prepared in one embodiment is shown. Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A magnified view of the atomized surface of the porous element 30. (Based on...) Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in the embodiment, the center-to-center distance of the adjacent first channels 331 of the liquid guiding channels 330 in the second part 32 of the porous element 30 is 63 μm, and the center-to-center distance of the adjacent second channels 332 is 106 μm. In the first part 31 and the third part 33 of the porous element 30, the center-to-center distance of the adjacent first channels 331 of the liquid guiding channels 330 is 130 μm, and the center-to-center distance of the adjacent second channels 332 is 106 μm.

[0167] right Figure 9The porous element 30 of the embodiment was tested for porosity using mercury intrusion porosimetry, and the test results showed that the total porosity of the prepared porous element 30 was 61.6%. Furthermore, the volume of the liquid-conducting channel 330 in the porous element 30 of the embodiment accounts for 35.6% of the volume of the porous element 30, and the volume of the random micropores 34 accounts for 26% of the volume of the porous element 30.

[0168] Further on Figure 9 The porous element 30 with dimensions of 8mm×3.5mm×1.5mm shown was tested for bending strength according to the bending strength test method of national standard GB / T 6569-86, and the test result showed that the bending strength was 25.3N.

[0169] To compare strength, a comparative porous element 30 was prepared by stacking a second green substrate 32a to form a green substrate 30a, followed by pre-curing and sintering. The comparative porous element 30 has the same dimensions, and the multilayer liquid-conducting channels 330 of the comparative porous element 30 are uniform in the third direction. Bending strength was tested according to the national standard GB / T 6569-86. The bending strength of the comparative porous element 30 was 22.4 N, compared to... Figure 9 The flexural strength of the prepared porous element 30 decreased by approximately 2.9 N.

[0170] Based on the strength test results Figure 9 The porous element 30 of the illustrated embodiment has a strength that is about 13% higher than that of the comparative example, indicating that the reduction in the number of liquid channels 330 per unit size of the first portion 31 and the third portion 33 is advantageous for improving strength.

[0171] It should be noted that the preferred embodiments of this application are given in the specification and accompanying drawings, but are not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electronic atomizing device, characterized in that, include: A liquid storage chamber is used to store a liquid matrix; A porous element is arranged to receive the liquid matrix of the reservoir. A heating element, at least partially formed or incorporated into the porous element, is used to heat at least a portion of the liquid matrix within the porous element to generate an aerosol. The porous body element includes: The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other; Multilayer liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous element along the third direction; the liquid guiding channels are in the form of an interlinked network and are substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions; The first part, the second part, and the third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the number or number of liquid guiding channels per unit size in the second part is greater than the number or number of liquid guiding channels per unit size in one or both of the first part and the third part.

2. The electronic atomizing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heating element includes a heating portion that is incorporated into the second portion and bypasses the first portion and / or the third portion.

3. The electronic atomizing device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The heating element and / or the heating portion are substantially planar; and the heating element and / or the heating portion are arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane of the liquid guiding channel.

4. The electronic atomizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, At least a portion of the surface of the second portion defines an atomization region of the liquid matrix; and / or, the first portion and / or the third portion defines a strength-enhancing region of the porous element.

5. The electronic atomizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Along the third direction, the extension dimension of the second portion is greater than the extension dimension of the first portion and / or the third portion.

6. The electronic atomizing device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The extension dimension of the second portion along the third direction is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the dimension of the porous element along the third direction; And / or, the extension dimension of the first portion and / or the third portion along the third direction is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the dimension of the porous element along the third direction.

7. The electronic atomizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The liquid guiding channel includes a plurality of first channels extending along the first direction and a plurality of second channels extending along the second direction; the plurality of first channels and the plurality of second channels intersect to form a cross-linked network of liquid guiding channels.

8. The electronic atomizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channel in the second part is less than the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channel in one or both of the first part and the third part.

9. The electronic atomizing device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In the second part, the distance between two adjacent liquid-conducting channels is between 60 μm and 120 μm; And / or, the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channels in the first part and / or the third part is between 90 μm and 200 μm.

10. The electronic atomizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The porous element also contains several disordered micropores.

11. The electronic atomizing device as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The ratio of the volume of the micropores in the second part to the total volume of the second part is greater than the ratio of the volume of the micropores in the first part to the total volume of the first part and / or the ratio of the volume of the micropores in the third part to the total volume of the third part.

12. The electronic atomizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The apparent density of the second part is less than the apparent density of the first part and / or the third part.

13. The electronic atomizing device as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The ratio of the apparent density of the second part to the apparent density of the first part and / or the third part is between 0.4 and 0.9:

1.

14. The electronic atomizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The porous element is prepared by sintering a green body comprising multiple layers of cross-linked network precursors arranged at intervals, and the liquid guiding channel is formed by the space occupied by the cross-linked network precursors being thermally decomposed or volatilized during sintering.

15. An electronic atomizing device, characterized in that, include: A liquid storage chamber is used to store a liquid matrix; A porous element is arranged to receive the liquid matrix of the reservoir. A heating element, at least partially formed or incorporated into the porous element, is used to heat at least a portion of the liquid matrix within the porous element to generate an aerosol. The porous body element includes: The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other; Multilayer liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous element along the third direction; the liquid guiding channels are in the form of an interlinked network and are substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions; The first part, the second part, and the third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channel in the second part is less than the distance between two adjacent layers of the liquid guiding channel in one or both of the first part and the third part.

16. An electronic atomizing device, characterized in that, include: A liquid storage chamber is used to store a liquid matrix; A porous element is arranged to receive the liquid matrix of the reservoir. A heating element, at least partially formed or incorporated into the porous element, is used to heat at least a portion of the liquid matrix within the porous element to generate an aerosol. The porous body element includes: The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other; Multilayer liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous element along the third direction; the liquid guiding channels are in the form of an interlinked network and are substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions; A first part, a second part, and a third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the apparent density of the second part is less than the apparent density of the first part and / or the third part.

17. A porous element for an electronic atomizing device, characterized in that, include: The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other; Multi-layered liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous body element along the third direction; The liquid guiding channel is a cross-linked network and is substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions; The first part, the second part, and the third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the number or number of liquid guiding channels per unit size in the second part is greater than the number or number of liquid guiding channels per unit size in one or both of the first part and the third part.

18. A porous element for an electronic atomizing device, characterized in that, include: The first, second, and third directions that are perpendicular to each other; Multi-layered liquid guiding channels are arranged at intervals within the porous body element along the third direction; The liquid guiding channel is a cross-linked network and is substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second directions; A first part, a second part, and a third part are arranged sequentially along the third direction; the apparent density of the second part is less than that of the first part and / or the third part, or the first part and / or the third part is relatively more dense than the second part.

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