Partition temperature control coal ammonia precombustion chamber and combustion reaction equipment
By designing a coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber with zoned temperature control, efficient staged mixing of pulverized coal and ammonia and stable control of the combustion process are achieved, solving the problem of uneven mixing, reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and improving combustion efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- POWERCHINA JIANGXI ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing coal-ammonia co-combustion systems suffer from uneven fuel mixing due to the direct mixing of pulverized coal and ammonia in the same space, which affects combustion efficiency and emissions.
The coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber is designed with zoned temperature control. A central flame stabilizer and the cylinder form an annular premixing chamber. Combined with the guide vanes of the pulverized coal cyclone and the radial nozzle design of the ammonia distribution ring, staged premixed combustion of pulverized coal and ammonia is achieved. Directional cooling is achieved through the spiral guide vanes of the cooling jacket, and real-time monitoring is carried out with temperature and pressure sensors.
It achieves efficient staged mixing of pulverized coal and ammonia, improves combustion uniformity and stability, reduces nitrogen oxide emissions, and avoids local overheating and slagging through the cooling system, thereby improving combustion efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224302090U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of combustion equipment, and in particular to a coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber and combustion reaction equipment with zoned temperature control. Background Technology
[0002] With increasingly stringent global requirements for environmental protection and energy conservation and emission reduction, traditional coal-fired boilers face severe challenges due to their high nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. To reduce pollutant emissions and improve combustion efficiency, researchers are constantly exploring new combustion technologies and equipment. Among these, the co-combustion of pulverized coal and ammonia has received widespread attention in recent years as an effective emission reduction method. However, existing coal-ammonia co-combustion technologies still have some shortcomings in practical applications, limiting their widespread use.
[0003] Traditional coal-ammonia co-combustion systems typically employ a single mixing chamber design, where pulverized coal and ammonia are directly mixed and burned in the same space. This design can easily lead to uneven fuel mixing, which in turn affects combustion efficiency and emissions. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a coal ammonia pre-combustion chamber and combustion reaction equipment with zoned temperature control.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:
[0006] This utility model discloses a zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber, comprising:
[0007] The cylinder is independently and fixedly installed, with a pulverized coal inlet and an ammonia inlet at its front end;
[0008] The central flame stabilizer is coaxially fixed inside the cylinder, and an annular premixing cavity is formed between its outer wall and the inner wall of the cylinder.
[0009] A pulverized coal hydrocyclone is installed at the inlet and outlet ends of pulverized coal. The pulverized coal hydrocyclone is equipped with multiple guide vanes arranged circumferentially, with the guide vanes forming an angle of 30°-45° with the axis of the cylinder.
[0010] Ammonia distribution ring is fitted at the front end of the central flame stabilizer, and multiple radial spray holes are evenly distributed on the ring wall of the ammonia distribution ring.
[0011] A cooling jacket covers the outside of the cylinder. The cooling jacket is equipped with spiral guide vanes. The inlet and outlet of the cooling medium are located at the two ends of the cooling jacket, respectively.
[0012] Furthermore, the central flame stabilizer has a frustum-shaped structure with multiple sets of through holes on the conical surface. Each set of through holes contains multiple circumferentially distributed through holes.
[0013] Furthermore, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are installed inside the annular premixing chamber. The probe end of the temperature sensor extends into the middle of the premixing chamber, and the interface of the pressure sensor is located on the side wall of the cylinder.
[0014] Furthermore, the ammonia distribution ring is fixedly connected to the central flame stabilizer via support rods, which extend radially and are evenly distributed in multiple directions.
[0015] Furthermore, the axis of the pulverized coal inlet is eccentrically set to the axis of the cylinder.
[0016] Furthermore, the pitch of the spiral guide vanes of the cooling jacket is 1.2-1.5 times the width of the cooling jacket.
[0017] Furthermore, the outer surface of the cone of the central flame stabilizer is provided with a spiral guide groove, the spiral direction of which is opposite to the direction of the guide blades of the pulverized coal hydrocyclone.
[0018] A combustion reaction device employing the coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber with zoned temperature control according to this invention.
[0019] In the above technical solution, the coal ammonia pre-combustion chamber with zoned temperature control provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] The annular premixing chamber formed by the central flame stabilizer and the cylinder achieves staged premixed combustion of pulverized coal and ammonia. The guide vanes of the pulverized coal cyclone separator are designed in coordination with the tilt angle of the pulverized coal inlet, so that the pulverized coal forms a rotating, wall-attached flow in the annular premixing chamber, prolonging the residence time and preventing pulverized coal deposition. The radial nozzles of the ammonia distribution ring inject ammonia in a tangential direction, forming a counter-shear mixing with the pulverized coal cyclone, improving the mixing uniformity. The spiral guide vanes of the cooling jacket enhance the directional cooling of the high-temperature zone of the cylinder. Combined with the zoned temperature control of the central flame stabilizer, it avoids local overheating and slagging. The overall structure achieves stable and efficient coal-ammonia co-combustion and low nitrogen oxide emissions through the phase difference arrangement of the pulverized coal inlet and the matching of cyclone intensity and cooling efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of this utility model;
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the axonal structure of this utility model;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model;
[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the component structure of this utility model;
[0027] The following are labels in the attached diagram: 1. Cylinder; 2. Central flame stabilizer; 3. Pulverized coal cyclone separator; 4. Guide vane; 5. Ammonia distribution ring; 6. Cooling jacket; 7. Spiral guide vane; 8. Temperature sensor; 9. Pressure sensor; 10. Support rod. Detailed Implementation
[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0029] See Figure 1-5 As shown;
[0030] An embodiment of the present invention provides a zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber, comprising:
[0031] Cylinder 1 is independently and fixedly installed, with a pulverized coal inlet and an ammonia inlet at its front end;
[0032] The central flame stabilizer 2 is coaxially fixed inside the cylinder 1, and its outer wall and the inner wall of the cylinder 1 form an annular premixing cavity;
[0033] The pulverized coal hydrocyclone 3 is located at the pulverized coal inlet and outlet. The pulverized coal hydrocyclone 3 is equipped with multiple guide vanes 4 arranged circumferentially inclined inside, and the guide vanes 4 form an angle of 30°-45° with the axis of the cylinder 1.
[0034] Ammonia distribution ring 5 is sleeved at the front end of the central flame stabilizer 2, and multiple radial spray holes are evenly distributed on the ring wall of ammonia distribution ring 5.
[0035] Cooling jacket 6 covers the outside of cylinder 1. Spiral guide vanes 7 are provided inside cooling jacket 6. Cooling medium inlet and outlet are respectively located at both ends of cooling jacket 6.
[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, the staged premixed combustion of pulverized coal and ammonia is achieved through the annular premixing chamber formed by the central flame stabilizer 2 and the cylinder 1. The guide vanes 4 of the pulverized coal cyclone separator 3 are designed in coordination with the tilt angle of the pulverized coal inlet, so that the pulverized coal forms a rotating and wall-adhering flow in the annular premixing chamber, prolonging the residence time and preventing pulverized coal deposition. The radial nozzles of the ammonia distribution ring 5 inject ammonia in a tangential direction, forming a reverse shearing mixture with the pulverized coal cyclone, improving the mixing uniformity. The spiral guide vanes 7 of the cooling jacket 6 enhance the directional cooling of the high-temperature zone of the cylinder 1. Combined with the zoned temperature control of the central flame stabilizer 2, local overheating and slagging are avoided. The overall structure achieves stable and efficient coal-ammonia co-combustion and low nitrogen oxide emissions through the phase difference arrangement of the pulverized coal inlet and the matching of cyclone intensity and cooling efficiency.
[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, such as Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the central flame stabilizer 2 has a frustum structure with multiple sets of through holes on the conical surface. Each set of through holes contains multiple circumferentially distributed through holes.
[0038] In this embodiment, the central flame stabilizer 2 adopts a frustum-shaped structure with multiple sets of through holes on the conical surface. This design allows the circumferentially distributed through holes in each set to form a stable high-temperature gas recirculation channel. The conical structure of the central flame stabilizer 2, combined with the through holes, creates a uniformly distributed recirculation zone, effectively improving the preheating effect and ignition stability of pulverized coal and ammonia in the annular premixing chamber. The circumferentially distributed design of the through holes ensures that the recirculated gas and the rotating airflow generated by the pulverized coal cyclone separator 3 are fully mixed, avoiding excessively high or low local temperatures. The angle of the frustum-shaped structure of the central flame stabilizer 2 and the arrangement of the through holes work together to maintain flame stability and control the temperature of the combustion zones. At the same time, the optimized design of the diameter and number of through holes balances the recirculation intensity and pressure loss, thereby improving overall combustion efficiency and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions.
[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, such as Figure 4 As shown, a temperature sensor 8 and a pressure sensor 9 are provided in the annular premixing chamber. The detection end of the temperature sensor 8 extends into the middle of the premixing chamber, and the interface of the pressure sensor 9 is located on the side wall of the cylinder 1.
[0040] In this embodiment, by setting a temperature sensor 8 and a pressure sensor 9 in the annular premixing chamber, the design of the temperature sensor 8 extending into the middle of the premixing chamber enables real-time temperature monitoring of the coal powder and ammonia mixing and combustion process. The arrangement of the pressure sensor 9 with its interface located on the side wall of the cylinder 1 can accurately obtain pressure fluctuation data in the premixing chamber. The coordinated work of the temperature sensor 8 and the pressure sensor 9 provides key parameter basis for combustion condition adjustment. The central placement of the temperature sensor 8 can reflect the core reaction temperature of the annular premixing chamber, avoiding temperature distortion caused by wall-mounted measurement. The side wall interface design of the pressure sensor 9 ensures measurement accuracy and facilitates installation and maintenance. The combined use of the two enables precise monitoring of the working status of the pre-combustion chamber, providing data support for optimizing the mixing ratio of coal powder and ammonia, adjusting the swirl intensity and cooling system operating parameters, thereby ensuring stable and efficient combustion and further reducing pollutant emissions.
[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, such as Figure 3 As shown, the ammonia distribution ring 5 is fixedly connected to the central flame stabilizer 2 by a support rod 10. The support rod 10 extends radially and has multiple rods evenly distributed circumferentially.
[0042] In this embodiment, the ammonia distribution ring 5 is fixedly connected to the central flame stabilizer 2 by multiple circumferentially distributed support rods 10. The radial extension of the support rods 10 ensures the structural stability of the ammonia distribution ring 5 under high temperature environment and minimizes airflow obstruction. The circumferentially distributed configuration of the multiple support rods 10 makes the ammonia distribution ring 5 subjected to uniform force, avoiding nozzle misalignment caused by thermal deformation.
[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the axis of the pulverized coal inlet is eccentrically set to the axis of cylinder 1;
[0044] In this embodiment, the eccentric arrangement causes the coal powder airflow to flow closer to the inner wall of the cylinder 1, forming a synergistic effect with the guide vanes 4 of the coal powder cyclone separator 3, which enhances the rotation and wall-adhering effect of the coal powder in the annular premixing chamber. This arrangement effectively avoids the deposition and accumulation of coal powder in the inlet area.
[0045] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the pitch of the spiral guide vane 7 of the cooling jacket 6 is 1.2-1.5 times the width of the cooling jacket 6;
[0046] In this embodiment, the spiral guide vane 7 of the cooling jacket 6 adopts a pitch design of 1.2-1.5 times the jacket width, so that the cooling medium forms an optimized spiral flow path in the cooling jacket 6. The specific pitch range of the spiral guide vane 7 ensures sufficient contact time between the cooling medium and the outer wall of the cylinder 1, while avoiding excessive flow resistance. This pitch design enables the cooling medium to form a uniform laminar-turbulent transition state in the cooling jacket 6, which significantly improves the heat exchange efficiency.
[0047] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the outer surface of the cone of the central flame stabilizer 2 is provided with a spiral guide groove, and the spiral direction of the spiral guide groove is opposite to the spiral direction of the guide blade 4 of the pulverized coal hydrocyclone 3.
[0048] In this embodiment, the outer surface of the cone of the central flame stabilizer 2 is provided with a spiral guide groove with the opposite rotation direction to the guide blades 4 of the pulverized coal cyclone separator 3. This reverse swirling design creates a strong turbulent shearing effect in the annular premixing chamber. The reverse arrangement of the spiral guide groove causes secondary swirling disturbance between the pulverized coal airflow and the surface of the central flame stabilizer 2, which significantly enhances the mixing uniformity of pulverized coal and ammonia. The special structure of the spiral guide groove prolongs the residence time of pulverized coal in the high-temperature zone and improves the combustion efficiency.
[0049] The coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber with zoned temperature control of this invention can be used in various types of combustion reaction equipment;
[0050] Compared with existing zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chambers, this system achieves efficient staged mixing and combustion of pulverized coal and ammonia, enabling precise control of the combustion process and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions.
[0051] The above are all preferred embodiments of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this utility model should be covered within the scope of protection of this utility model.
Claims
1. A zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber, characterized in that, include: The cylinder (1) is independently and fixedly installed, with a pulverized coal inlet and an ammonia inlet at its front end; The center flame stabilizer (2) is coaxially fixed inside the cylinder (1), and its outer wall forms an annular premixing cavity with the inner wall of the cylinder (1); A pulverized coal hydrocyclone (3) is installed at the pulverized coal inlet and outlet. The pulverized coal hydrocyclone (3) is provided with multiple guide vanes (4) arranged circumferentially. The guide vanes (4) form an angle of 30°-45° with the axis of the cylinder (1). Ammonia distribution ring (5) is sleeved on the front end of the central flame stabilizer (2), and multiple radial spray holes are evenly distributed on the ring wall of the ammonia distribution ring (5); A cooling jacket (6) is provided on the outside of the cylinder (1). The cooling jacket (6) is provided with a spiral guide vane (7). The cooling medium inlet and outlet are respectively located at both ends of the cooling jacket (6).
2. The zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central flame stabilizer (2) has a frustum structure with multiple sets of through holes on the conical surface. Each set of through holes contains multiple circumferentially distributed through holes.
3. The zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A temperature sensor (8) and a pressure sensor (9) are provided in the annular premixing chamber. The probe end of the temperature sensor (8) extends into the middle of the premixing chamber, and the interface of the pressure sensor (9) is located on the side wall of the cylinder (1).
4. The zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia distribution ring (5) is fixedly connected to the central flame stabilizer (2) via a support rod (10), which extends radially and has multiple rods evenly distributed circumferentially.
5. The zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of the pulverized coal inlet is eccentrically set with respect to the axis of the cylinder (1).
6. The zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch of the spiral guide vane (7) of the cooling jacket (6) is 1.2-1.5 times the width of the cooling jacket (6).
7. The zoned temperature-controlled coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the cone of the central flame stabilizer (2) is provided with a spiral guide groove, and the spiral guide groove rotates in the opposite direction to the guide blade (4) of the pulverized coal cyclone (3).
8. A combustion reaction apparatus, characterized in that, Includes the coal-ammonia pre-combustion chamber with zoned temperature control as described in any one of claims 1-6.