A battery charging and discharging control circuit device and a battery management apparatus

Abstract

The utility model relates to battery management technical field especially is a kind of battery charging and discharging control circuit device and battery management equipment. The device is constituted by battery pack module, MCU control module, protection module and switch assembly. Among them, battery pack module is linked with protection module;MCU control module is equipped with charging and discharging detection control pin CHG and power supply pin C+;Protection module contains abnormal protection trigger pin OC;Switch assembly includes first MOS tube Q1, second MOS tube Q4 and third MOS tube Q6, and each pin is connected in specific mode. When battery pack charges, abnormal protection trigger pin OC exports low level, and cooperate each pin signal to make circuit conduction charge;When abnormality occurs, OC exports high level and cuts off charging circuit;When discharging, CHG pin controls switch tube cut-off, and battery pack discharges through load. The scheme realizes intelligent control and protection to battery pack charging and discharging process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a battery charging and discharging control circuit device and a battery management equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread use of batteries in electronic devices, vehicles, and energy storage systems, their safety and performance assurance are becoming increasingly critical. Batteries are prone to overcharging and over-discharging during charging and discharging. Overcharging accelerates battery aging and can even lead to safety accidents such as bulging or explosions; over-discharging damages the battery's internal structure and reduces charging and discharging efficiency. Furthermore, abnormal conditions such as short circuits and overcurrents can also accelerate battery aging and endanger equipment safety.

[0003] Despite the continuous development of existing battery charging and discharging control technologies, there are still shortcomings: some control circuits are complex in structure and costly, making them difficult to apply on a large scale; some protection functions are lacking and cannot respond quickly to anomalies; and some monitoring and control accuracy is low, failing to meet the requirements of high-precision equipment, thus requiring better solutions. Utility Model Content

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a battery charging and discharging control circuit device, including: a battery pack module, an MCU control module, a protection module, and a switching assembly; wherein,

[0005] The battery pack module includes a positive power pin B+ and a negative power pin B-, and is connected to the protection module through the positive power pin B+ and the negative power pin B-.

[0006] The MCU control module includes a charge / discharge detection and control pin CHG and a power supply pin C+.

[0007] The protection module includes an abnormal protection trigger pin OC;

[0008] The switching assembly includes a first MOSFET Q1, a second MOSFET Q4, and a third MOSFET Q6. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the positive power supply pin B+, the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the power supply pin C+, the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the drain of the third MOSFET Q6, the source of the third MOSFET Q6 is grounded, and the gate of the third MOSFET Q6 is connected to the charge / discharge detection control pin CHG. The drain of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the charge / discharge detection control pin CHG, the source of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the +5V power supply, and the gate of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the abnormal protection trigger pin OC.

[0009] When the battery pack module is in the charging state, the abnormal protection trigger pin OC outputs a low level, which turns on the second MOSFET Q4. At this time, the charge and discharge detection control pin CHG is configured as input mode. After detecting a high level, the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6 are turned on, and the MCU control module starts to charge the battery pack module.

[0010] When the battery pack module malfunctions, the malfunction protection trigger pin OC outputs a high level, causing the second MOSFET Q4 to be turned off. The charge / discharge detection control pin CHG cannot detect a high level, resulting in the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6 being turned off, and the MCU control module stops charging the battery pack module.

[0011] When the battery pack module is in a discharging state, the charge / discharge detection and control pin CHG is configured to output mode and outputs a low level, which turns off the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6. The MCU control module stops charging the battery pack module, and the battery pack module discharges through the load.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery charging and discharging control circuit device further includes a resistor R3, the first end of which is connected to the drain of the first MOS transistor Q1, and the second end of which is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor Q1.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery charge and discharge control circuit device further includes a resistor R17, the first end of which is connected to the drain of the second MOS transistor Q4, and the second end of which is connected to the charge and discharge detection control pin CHG.

[0014] In one embodiment of this utility model, the battery charging and discharging control circuit device further includes a resistor R9, the first end of which is connected to the source of the second MOS transistor Q4, and the second end of which is connected to the abnormal protection trigger pin OC.

[0015] In one embodiment of this utility model, the MCU control module includes a voltage sampling pin AD_VDC, and the battery charging and discharging control circuit device further includes a resistor R6. The first end of the resistor R6 is connected to the power supply positive pin B+, and the second end is connected to the voltage sampling pin AD_VDC.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery charging and discharging control circuit device further includes a filtering unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the voltage sampling pin AD_VDC, and its output terminal is grounded.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery charging and discharging control circuit device further includes a fuse F1, the first end of which is connected to the source of the first MOS transistor Q1, and the second end of which is connected to the positive power supply pin B+.

[0018] In one embodiment of this utility model, the first MOS transistor Q1 and the second MOS transistor Q4 are PMOS transistors, and the third MOS transistor Q6 is an NMOS transistor.

[0019] In one embodiment of this utility model, the protection module further includes a positive power supply pin VDD and a negative power supply pin VSS. The positive power supply pin VDD is connected to the positive power supply pin B+, and the negative power supply pin VSS is connected to the negative power supply pin B-.

[0020] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model also provides a battery management device, which includes the battery charging and discharging control circuit device.

[0021] The above-mentioned technical solution of this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] This invention achieves intelligent charging and discharging control through the coordinated operation of its various modules. It can flexibly switch states during charging, discharging, and abnormal situations, precisely controlling the charging and discharging process to ensure battery safety. Its simple circuit structure not only facilitates implementation but also effectively reduces costs and energy consumption, while possessing excellent reliability and stability, making it suitable for various battery management scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To make the content of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery charging and discharging control circuit device provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A structural diagram of the battery pack module and protection module in the diagram;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the switch assembly in the diagram;

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the MCU control module in the diagram;

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 10, Battery pack module; 20, Protection module; 30, Switch assembly; 40, MCU control module. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0030] Reference Figures 1-4 As shown, this utility model provides a battery charging and discharging control circuit device, including: a battery pack module 10, a protection module 20, a switching assembly 30, and an MCU control module 40; wherein,

[0031] The battery pack module 10 includes a positive power supply pin B+ and a negative power supply pin B-, and is connected to the protection module through the positive power supply pin B+ and the negative power supply pin B-.

[0032] The MCU control module 40 includes a charge / discharge detection and control pin CHG and a power supply pin C+.

[0033] The protection module 20 includes an abnormal protection trigger pin OC;

[0034] The switching assembly 30 includes a first MOSFET Q1, a second MOSFET Q4, and a third MOSFET Q6. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the positive power supply pin B+, the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the power supply pin C+, the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the drain of the third MOSFET Q6, the source of the third MOSFET Q6 is grounded, and the gate of the third MOSFET Q6 is connected to the charge / discharge detection control pin CHG. The drain of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the charge / discharge detection control pin CHG, the source of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the +5V power supply, and the gate of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the abnormal protection trigger pin OC.

[0035] When the battery pack module is in the charging state, the abnormal protection trigger pin OC outputs a low level, which turns on the second MOSFET Q4. At this time, the charge and discharge detection control pin CHG is configured as input mode. After detecting a high level, the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6 are turned on, and the MCU control module 40 starts to charge the battery pack module 10.

[0036] When the battery pack module 10 malfunctions, the malfunction protection trigger pin OC outputs a high level, causing the second MOSFET Q4 to be turned off. The charge / discharge detection control pin CHG cannot detect a high level, causing the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6 to be turned off, and the MCU control module 40 stops charging the battery pack module 10.

[0037] When the battery pack module 10 is in a discharging state, the charge / discharge detection and control pin CHG is configured to output mode and outputs a low level, which turns off the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6. The MCU control module 40 stops charging the battery pack module 10, and the battery pack module discharges through the load.

[0038] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the battery charging and discharging control circuit device provided by this utility model achieves intelligent charging and discharging control with a simple circuit structure through the ingenious cooperation of the MCU control module 40, the protection module 20 and the switching component 30. It can accurately judge and open the circuit during charging, and cut off the charging in time during discharging to ensure safety. It can also quickly terminate charging when the battery is abnormal by means of the abnormal protection trigger pin. At the same time, the design of voltage sampling, filtering unit and fuse further improves the monitoring accuracy and safety. It has significant advantages such as simple structure, precise control, reliable protection, strong compatibility and easy expansion of applications.

[0039] Furthermore, the battery charging and discharging control circuit also includes a resistor R3. The first end of resistor R3 is connected to the drain of the first MOSFET Q1, and its second end is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET Q1. During circuit operation, resistor R3 can effectively suppress fluctuations in the gate voltage of the first MOSFET Q1, maintain its voltage stability, and prevent malfunctions of the first MOSFET Q1 due to abnormal voltage, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the entire charging and discharging circuit.

[0040] In this embodiment, the battery charge / discharge control circuit further includes a resistor R17. The first end of resistor R17 is connected to the drain of the second MOSFET Q4, and the second end is connected to the charge / discharge detection and control pin CHG. Resistor R17 is mainly used to adjust the voltage level between the drain of the second MOSFET Q4 and the CHG pin, enabling the CHG pin to more accurately detect the on or off state of the second MOSFET Q4, thereby providing a more precise basis for charge / discharge control.

[0041] Similarly, in this embodiment, the battery charging and discharging control circuit further includes a resistor R9. The first end of resistor R9 is connected to the source of the second MOSFET Q4, and its second end is connected to the abnormal protection trigger pin OC. Resistor R9 functions as a voltage divider and current limiter. When the output level of the abnormal protection trigger pin OC controls the gate of Q4, R9 prevents excessive current from impacting the gate of Q4, protecting the second MOSFET Q4 from damage. Simultaneously, it stabilizes the voltage relationship between the abnormal protection trigger pin OC and the gate of Q4, ensuring the reliable implementation of the abnormal protection function.

[0042] Furthermore, the MCU control module 40 includes a voltage sampling pin AD_VDC, and the battery charge / discharge control circuit further includes a resistor R6. The first end of the resistor R6 is connected to the positive power supply pin B+, and the second end is connected to the voltage sampling pin AD_VDC. The resistor R6, in conjunction with the AD_VDC pin, is used to acquire the positive voltage of the battery pack. By sampling the voltage, the MCU can obtain the battery's voltage state in real time, providing crucial data support for the charge / discharge control strategy, such as determining whether the battery is fully charged or whether the charging current needs adjustment.

[0043] In addition, the battery charging and discharging control circuit also includes a filtering unit. The input of the filtering unit is connected to the voltage sampling pin AD_VDC, and its output is grounded. Specifically, the filtering unit includes a resistor R14 and a capacitor C3 connected in parallel. One end of the resistor R14 is connected to the voltage sampling pin AD_VDC, and the other end is grounded. This is used to remove noise and interference from the voltage sampling signal, making the voltage signal acquired by the AD_VDC pin purer and more stable. This results in more accurate battery voltage data obtained by the MCU, avoiding misjudgments caused by interference signals, and thus more precisely controlling the battery charging and discharging process.

[0044] Furthermore, the battery charging and discharging control circuit also includes a fuse F1. The first end of the fuse F1 is connected to the source of the first MOSFET Q1, and the second end is connected to the positive power supply pin B+. As an overcurrent protection element, the fuse F1 will quickly melt and disconnect the circuit when an abnormally large current occurs in the circuit, such as a short circuit, preventing damage to the battery pack, MOSFET, and other circuit components from excessive current, thus greatly improving circuit safety.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q4 are PMOS transistors, and the third MOSFET Q6 is an NMOS transistor. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to its drain via a first diode, with the anode of the first diode connected to the source and the cathode connected to the drain. The source of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to its drain via a second diode, with the anode of the second diode connected to the drain and the cathode connected to the source. The source of the third MOSFET Q6 is connected to its drain via a third diode, with the anode of the third diode connected to the source and the cathode connected to the drain.

[0046] In this embodiment, the protection module further includes a positive power supply pin VDD and a negative power supply pin VSS. The positive power supply pin VDD is connected to the positive power supply pin B+, and the negative power supply pin VSS is connected to the negative power supply pin B-.

[0047] Preferably, the protection module 20 is a CW1035BLAP, which has comprehensive overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions. Selecting it as the protection module leverages its specialized protection characteristics to more reliably ensure the safety of the battery charging and discharging process, reduce the risk of circuit failures caused by battery abnormalities, and improve the stability and reliability of the entire battery charging and discharging control circuit device.

[0048] The working principle of the battery charging and discharging control circuit device of this utility model is explained in detail below:

[0049] The positive and negative terminals (B+, B-) of the power supply of battery module 10 are connected to protection module 20. When battery module 10 is charging, the abnormal protection trigger pin OC of protection module 20 outputs a low level, turning on the second MOSFET Q4. At this time, the charge / discharge detection control pin CHG of MCU control module 40 is configured in input mode. If a high level is detected, it indicates that the charging conditions are met, thereby turning on the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6, and the MCU control module begins charging battery module 10. During this process, resistor R3 stabilizes the gate voltage of Q1 to prevent it from malfunctioning due to voltage fluctuations; resistor R17 adjusts the level signal between the drain of Q4 and the CHG pin, allowing the CHG pin to more accurately detect the state of Q4, providing an accurate basis for charging control; resistor R9 acts as a voltage divider and current limiter, protecting the gate of Q4, stabilizing the voltage relationship between the OC pin and the gate of Q4, and ensuring the normal operation of the abnormal protection function.

[0050] When the battery pack module 10 malfunctions, the OC pin of the protection module 20 outputs a high level, causing the second MOSFET Q4 to turn off. At this time, the CHG pin cannot detect a high level, the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6 turn off, and the MCU control module 40 stops charging the battery pack module 10, thereby avoiding damage to the battery and circuitry caused by charging under abnormal conditions.

[0051] When the battery pack module 10 is in a discharging state, the CHG pin of the MCU control module 40 is configured to output mode and outputs a low level, which turns off the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6. The MCU control module 40 stops charging the battery pack module 10, and the battery pack module 10 discharges through the load.

[0052] In summary, this invention achieves the circuit design goals of high safety, low power consumption, and high reliability by dynamically configuring the GPIO input / output mode of the MCU control module 40 and precisely controlling the MOSFET switch, making it particularly suitable for scenarios such as battery management and power switching.

[0053] This circuit fully utilizes the aforementioned strategies to achieve flexible and efficient switching between charging, discharging, and abnormal protection modes. By dynamically adjusting the input / output modes of the GPIO ports, it achieves precise control over the MOSFET's on / off state. During charging, it ensures stable and safe charging current; during discharging, it effectively reduces system power consumption; and when an abnormal condition is detected, it can quickly trigger a protection mechanism to promptly disconnect the circuit, preventing irreversible damage to the battery and other critical circuit components, thereby comprehensively ensuring the stable operation of the entire system.

[0054] Based on the same inventive concept as the battery charging and discharging control circuit device, this utility model also provides a battery management device, which includes the battery charging and discharging control circuit device.

[0055] Furthermore, the battery management device also includes a display module connected to the MCU control module. This display module visually presents key battery information, such as the current battery level, charging status (charging in progress, charging complete, abnormal charging stop, etc.), battery voltage, and estimated remaining usage time. This allows users to easily monitor the battery status and plan device usage accordingly. For example, in a power bank, the display module clearly shows the remaining battery power, enabling users to plan charging in advance and avoid the device becoming unusable due to depleted power.

[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A battery charging and discharging control circuit device, characterized in that, include: Battery pack module, MCU control module, protection module, and switch assembly; among which, The battery pack module includes a positive power pin B+ and a negative power pin B-, and is connected to the protection module through the positive power pin B+ and the negative power pin B-. The protection module includes an abnormal protection trigger pin OC; The MCU control module includes a charge / discharge detection and control pin CHG and a power supply pin C+. The switching assembly includes a first MOSFET Q1, a second MOSFET Q4, and a third MOSFET Q6. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the positive power supply pin B+, the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the power supply pin C+, the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the drain of the third MOSFET Q6, the source of the third MOSFET Q6 is grounded, and the gate of the third MOSFET Q6 is connected to the charge / discharge detection control pin CHG. The drain of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the charge / discharge detection control pin CHG, the source of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the +5V power supply, and the gate of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the abnormal protection trigger pin OC. When the battery pack module is in the charging state, the abnormal protection trigger pin OC outputs a low level, which turns on the second MOSFET Q4. At this time, the charge and discharge detection control pin CHG is configured as input mode. After detecting a high level, the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6 are turned on, and the MCU control module starts to charge the battery pack module. When the battery pack module malfunctions, the malfunction protection trigger pin OC outputs a high level, causing the second MOSFET Q4 to be turned off. The charge / discharge detection control pin CHG cannot detect a high level, resulting in the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6 being turned off, and the MCU control module stops charging the battery pack module. When the battery pack module is in a discharging state, the charge / discharge detection and control pin CHG is configured to output mode and outputs a low level, which turns off the first MOSFET Q1 and the third MOSFET Q6. The MCU control module stops charging the battery pack module, and the battery pack module discharges through the load.

2. The battery charging and discharging control circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery charging and discharging control circuit device further includes a resistor R3, the first end of which is connected to the drain of the first MOS transistor Q1, and the second end of which is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor Q1.

3. The battery charging and discharging control circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery charge / discharge control circuit device further includes a resistor R17, the first end of which is connected to the drain of the second MOS transistor Q4, and the second end of which is connected to the charge / discharge detection and control pin CHG.

4. The battery charging and discharging control circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery charging and discharging control circuit device further includes a resistor R9, the first end of which is connected to the source of the second MOS transistor Q4, and the second end of which is connected to the abnormal protection trigger pin OC.

5. The battery charging and discharging control circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The MCU control module includes a voltage sampling pin AD_VDC, and the battery charging and discharging control circuit device also includes a resistor R6. The first end of the resistor R6 is connected to the power supply positive pin B+, and the second end is connected to the voltage sampling pin AD_VDC.

6. The battery charging and discharging control circuit device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery charging and discharging control circuit device also includes a filtering unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the voltage sampling pin AD_VDC, and its output terminal is grounded.

7. The battery charging and discharging control circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery charging and discharging control circuit device also includes a fuse F1, the first end of which is connected to the source of the first MOSFET Q1, and the second end of which is connected to the positive power supply pin B+.

8. The battery charging and discharging control circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first MOS transistor Q1 and the second MOS transistor Q4 are PMOS transistors, and the third MOS transistor Q6 is an NMOS transistor.

9. The battery charging and discharging control circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection module also includes a positive power supply pin VDD and a negative power supply pin VSS. The positive power supply pin VDD is connected to the positive power supply pin B+, and the negative power supply pin VSS is connected to the negative power supply pin B-.

10. A battery management device, characterized in that, The battery management device includes the battery charge / discharge control circuit device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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