Master-slave power supply switching circuit, ecu power supply system and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of main spare power supply switching circuit, ECU power supply system and vehicle, it is related to main spare power supply switching field, main spare power supply switching circuit includes main power supply and spare power supply;The output end of main power supply is connected with the input end of DCDC module, the output end of DCDC module is connected with the anode of first diode, the output end of spare power supply is connected with the anode of second diode, the cathode of first diode and second diode is connected with the input end of power module;The specification of first diode and second diode is identical;When the main power supply is in normal working condition, the initial output voltage of DCDC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of spare power supply;When main power supply is in fault condition, the actual output voltage of DCDC module is reduced from initial output voltage to zero.The application can realize the automatic switching of main power supply to spare power supply without additional control switch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of main and backup power switching, and in particular to a main and backup power switching circuit, an ECU power supply system, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A primary / backup power switching circuit is a circuit design used to switch the main power supply (the primary power source) to a backup power source when the primary power source fails or is insufficient. This circuit ensures that the system can continue to receive power even in the event of a primary power source failure, thereby improving the system's reliability and stability.

[0003] Existing primary / backup power switching systems typically employ complex electronic components and control mechanisms to switch from the primary power source to the backup power source. These systems rely on power management integrated circuits (PMICs), microcontrollers, or programmable logic devices (PLCs) to monitor power status and execute switching operations through software programming or hardware configuration. In such designs, the status of both the primary and backup power sources is monitored in real time. Once a power outage or fault is detected in the primary power source, the system will switch the primary power source to the backup power source through pre-set logic. However, the circuit design and software logic of existing primary / backup power switching circuits are complex and prone to failure. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a main / backup power switching circuit, a TBOX power supply system, and a vehicle that can achieve autonomous switching from main power to backup power without the need for an additional control switch, thereby reducing the failure rate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a main power supply switching circuit, which is used in the vehicle's on-board terminal ECU system. The main power supply switching circuit includes a main power supply and a backup power supply.

[0007] The output terminal of the main power supply is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC module, the output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output terminal of the backup power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of both the first diode and the second diode are connected to the input terminal of the power supply module.

[0008] The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications;

[0009] When the main power supply is in normal working condition, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply; when the main power supply is in fault condition, the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero.

[0010] Specifically, when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is equal to the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is both the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is less than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is switched from the main power supply to the backup power supply.

[0011] Optionally, the main power source is a vehicle battery, and the initial supply voltage of the vehicle battery is 12V.

[0012] Optionally, the backup power source is an on-board backup battery, and the effective supply voltage of the on-board backup battery is 3.6V.

[0013] Optionally, the first diode and the second diode are of type PMEG060V050EPD, and the voltage drop of the first diode and the second diode is 0.32V.

[0014] Optionally, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is 4.4V.

[0015] Optionally, the output terminal of the power module is connected to the vehicle terminal ECU and supplies power to the vehicle terminal ECU system;

[0016] The vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system includes:

[0017] A CAN transceiver is used to establish communication with the system inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, thereby obtaining vehicle status information in real time.

[0018] The sensor module is used to monitor the vehicle's operating status and environmental conditions, and convert the acquired information into electrical signals to transmit to the microcontroller;

[0019] A microcontroller is used to process sensor data and make corresponding decisions based on the processing results, controlling the vehicle's operating status or issuing alarm information.

[0020] The CAN transceiver is connected to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is connected to the sensor module.

[0021] Optionally, the output voltage at the output terminal of the power module is 5V.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides an ECU power supply system, including: a main / standby power switching circuit and a power module;

[0023] The main and backup power switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a backup power supply;

[0024] The output terminal of the main power supply is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC module, the output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output terminal of the backup power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of both the first diode and the second diode are connected to the input terminal of the power supply module.

[0025] The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications;

[0026] When the main power supply is in normal working condition, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply; when the main power supply is in fault condition, the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero.

[0027] Specifically, when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is equal to the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is both the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is less than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is switched from the main power supply to the backup power supply.

[0028] The power module is used to provide power to the vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system.

[0029] Optionally, the output terminal of the power module is connected to the vehicle terminal ECU and supplies power to the vehicle terminal ECU system;

[0030] The vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system includes:

[0031] A CAN transceiver is used to establish communication with the system inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, thereby obtaining vehicle status information in real time.

[0032] The sensor module is used to monitor the vehicle's operating status and environmental conditions, and convert the acquired information into electrical signals to transmit to the microcontroller;

[0033] A microcontroller is used to process sensor data and make corresponding decisions based on the processing results, controlling the vehicle's operating status or issuing alarm information.

[0034] Thirdly, this application provides a vehicle that includes a main / standby power switching circuit.

[0035] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0036] This application provides a main / backup power switching circuit, an ECU power supply system, and a vehicle. The main / backup power switching circuit is used in the vehicle's on-board terminal ECU system. The main / backup power switching circuit includes a main power supply and a backup power supply. The output terminal of the main power supply is connected to the input terminal of a DC-DC module, the output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected to the anode of a first diode, and the output terminal of the backup power supply is connected to the anode of a second diode. The cathodes of both the first and second diodes are connected to the input terminal of the power module. The first and second diodes have the same specifications. When the main power supply is in normal operating condition, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply. When the main power supply is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero.

[0037] Specifically, when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply module is powered by the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is equal to the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply module is powered by both the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is less than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply module switches from the main power supply to the backup power supply. This application compares the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module with the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, and determines the power supply module based on the comparison result. When the main power supply cannot continue to supply power to the system due to power failure, malfunction, or other reasons, automatic switching from the main power supply to the backup power supply can be achieved without an additional control switch, resulting in low cost and no software resource consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 A functional module diagram of a main / standby power switching circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a main / standby power switching circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an ECU power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] The function of the vehicle's ECU power supply system is to provide stable and reliable power support to the vehicle's electronic control units, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the entire vehicle's electronic system. The system draws power from the vehicle's power module and, through transformers, voltage regulators, and filters, adjusts the voltage to a level suitable for each ECU, then safely distributes it to each component that requires power. This not only ensures that each component receives a stable operating voltage but also effectively prevents equipment damage caused by excessive or insufficient current.

[0045] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a main power supply switching circuit is provided for use in the vehicle's on-board terminal ECU system. The main power supply switching circuit includes a main power supply 1 and a backup power supply 2.

[0046] The output terminal of the main power supply 1 is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC module 3. The output terminal of the DC-DC module 3 is connected to the anode of the first diode 4. The output terminal of the backup power supply 2 is connected to the anode of the second diode 5. The cathodes of both the first diode 4 and the second diode 5 are connected to the input terminal VIN of the power supply module 6.

[0047] The first diode 4 and the second diode 5 have the same specifications, the purpose of which is to make the first diode 4 and the second diode 5 have the same voltage drop.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, both the first diode 4 and the second diode 5 are PMEG060V050EPD. The PMEG060V050EPD is an ultrafast recovery Schottky diode manufactured by Nexperia, featuring low forward voltage drop, high efficiency, and fast response. The typical forward voltage drop (VF) of this diode is 0.32V, which significantly reduces conduction losses compared to traditional rectifier diodes, thereby improving the overall system efficiency.

[0049] When the main power supply 1 is in normal working condition, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module 3 is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply 2. When the main power supply 1 is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module 3 drops from the initial output voltage to zero. Specifically, when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module 3 is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply 2, the power supply module 6 is powered by the main power supply 1; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module 3 is equal to the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply 2, the power supply module 6 is powered by both the main power supply 1 and the backup power supply 2; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module 3 is less than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply 2, the power supply module 6 switches from the main power supply 1 to the backup power supply 2.

[0050] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, main power supply 1 is the vehicle's on-board battery, whose output is connected to the DC-DC converter. The initial supply voltage of the on-board battery is 12V. Backup power supply 2 is a backup battery with an effective supply voltage of 3.6V. The voltage drop between the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is 0.32V. DC-DC module 3 includes a DC-DC converter with an initial output voltage of 4.4V. The DC-DC converter can be an MPQ4436GRE. The 12V on-board battery power supply matches the standard voltage of the automotive electrical system, ensuring that the on-board terminal ECU system can directly utilize the vehicle's power supply without additional adapters or conversion devices, simplifying the installation process and improving system compatibility and stability. Simultaneously, the 3.6V supply voltage of the backup battery provides the on-board terminal ECU system with a backup power supply that can effectively support its operation and seamlessly switch in the event of a main power failure.

[0051] When the vehicle battery is supplying power normally, its initial supply voltage is 12V. The DC-DC converter converts this voltage to 4.4V and supplies it to the anode of diode D1. Since the forward voltage drop of diode PMEG060V050EPD is 0.32V, the DC-DC output voltage drops to 4.08V after passing through diode D1 (i.e., 4.4V - 0.32V = 4.08V). At this time, the voltage at the cathode of diode D1 is 4.08V. However, the effective supply voltage of the backup battery is 3.6V. Since the effective supply voltage of the backup battery is lower than the voltage at the cathode of diode D1 (4.08V), diode D2 is reverse biased and will not conduct, meaning the backup battery will not supply power to subsequent circuits.

[0052] As the vehicle battery ages or due to other reasons, it may fail, causing its output voltage to drop to 0. In this case, the DC-DC converter will be unable to maintain its original output voltage (4.4V). The output voltage of the DC-DC converter will begin to drop. When the output voltage of the DC-DC converter drops from 4.4V to more than 3.6V, due to the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, the system still mainly relies on the vehicle battery for power during this period, and the backup battery is not yet directly involved in power supply.

[0053] When the output voltage of the DC-DC converter drops further and equals the supply voltage of the backup battery, a transition phase occurs. During this phase, both the on-board battery and the backup battery supply power to the power module, ensuring a smooth switch between the two power sources and preventing sudden voltage drops from affecting the load. When the output voltage of the DC-DC converter drops below 3.6V, the on-board battery is insufficient to support the normal operation of the system. At this point, the power module is automatically and completely switched from the on-board battery to the backup battery, and this switch is seamless. Simultaneously, due to the unidirectional conduction characteristics of diodes D1 and D2, they themselves provide protection to the circuit before their anodes. Because the output voltage of the DC-DC converter is 4.4V, higher than the effective supply voltage of the backup battery, the backup battery will not supply power to subsequent circuits when the on-board battery is supplying power normally. Furthermore, the unidirectional conduction characteristic of diode D2 also protects the backup battery from being affected by subsequent circuits.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the output terminal of the power module 6 is connected to the vehicle terminal ECU system and supplies power to the vehicle terminal ECU system.

[0055] The vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system includes: a CAN transceiver, a sensor module, and a microcontroller.

[0056] A CAN transceiver is used to establish communication with the system inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, thereby obtaining vehicle status information in real time.

[0057] The sensor module is used to monitor the vehicle's operating status and environmental conditions, and convert the acquired information into electrical signals to transmit to the microcontroller;

[0058] A microcontroller is used to process sensor data and make corresponding decisions based on the processing results, controlling the vehicle's operating status or issuing alarm information.

[0059] The CAN transceiver is connected to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is connected to the sensor module.

[0060] In a specific application scenario, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is one of the most critical and indispensable safety control systems in modern automobiles. Its core function is to effectively prevent wheel lock-up during emergency braking, thereby ensuring the maintenance of vehicle handling and stability, significantly shortening braking distance, and greatly improving driving safety. To achieve this crucial goal, the ABS system relies on the close coordination of multiple electronic components, including but not limited to CAN transceivers, high-performance microcontrollers, and sophisticated sensor modules.

[0061] In an ABS system, the sensor module typically consists of four wheel speed sensors, each mounted on one of the car's wheels. These sensors continuously monitor the rotational speed of each wheel and transmit the collected physical speed signals as electrical signals to the microcontroller in real time through a series of conversions. When the driver presses the brake pedal in an emergency, if a wheel is about to lock up due to slippery road conditions or excessive braking force, the corresponding wheel speed sensor will quickly detect the sudden drop in wheel speed and immediately transmit this information to the microcontroller.

[0062] The microcontroller receives data from the sensor module and performs real-time analysis and processing. Based on the preset control logic, the microcontroller not only needs to execute algorithms to determine whether there is a risk of wheel lock-up, but also needs to calculate the braking force to be adjusted and the optimal timing for adjustment.

[0063] Upon receiving an abnormal signal indicating a decrease in wheel speed, the microcontroller compares the speed differences of the four wheels to determine whether slippage or impending lock-up is occurring. Once a potential risk is confirmed, the microcontroller sends a command to the hydraulic control unit, requesting a rapid and precise adjustment of the braking force on the corresponding wheel (e.g., releasing some braking pressure) to quickly restore tire grip and ensure a smooth and safe stop.

[0064] The CAN transceiver connects the microcontroller of the ABS system to the vehicle's CAN bus network, enabling the ABS ECU (electronic control unit) to exchange data and share information with other electronic control units (such as the engine control unit ECM, the electronic stability program ESP, and the instrument panel display module).

[0065] For example, while the ABS system intervenes during braking, the microcontroller can send the "anti-lock braking system in progress" status information to the instrument panel in real time via the CAN transceiver, triggering the ABS malfunction indicator light to flash and alert the driver. Simultaneously, it can also send a request to the engine control unit to appropriately reduce engine output torque, thereby assisting vehicle deceleration and further improving overall safety and system coordination. The sensor module collects environmental information, the microcontroller processes and controls the data, and the CAN transceiver facilitates communication between the system and the vehicle network. The sensor module, microcontroller, and CAN transceiver work together to ensure that the ABS system maintains vehicle controllability and safety even under extreme driving conditions.

[0066] Based on the same concept, this application also provides an embodiment for implementing the ECU power supply system described above. The solution provided by this system is similar to the solution described in the above method; therefore, the specific limitations of one or more ECU power supply system embodiments provided below can be found in the limitations of the ECU power supply method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment, this disclosure also provides an ECU power supply system, including: a main / standby power switching circuit and a power module;

[0068] The main and backup power switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a backup power supply;

[0069] The output terminal of the main power supply is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC module, the output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output terminal of the backup power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of both the first diode and the second diode are connected to the input terminal of the power supply module.

[0070] The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications;

[0071] When the main power supply is in normal working condition, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply; when the main power supply is in fault condition, the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero.

[0072] Specifically, when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is equal to the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is both the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is less than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is switched from the main power supply to the backup power supply.

[0073] The power module is used to provide power to the vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the output of the power module is connected to the vehicle terminal ECU system and supplies power to the vehicle terminal ECU system;

[0075] The vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system includes:

[0076] A CAN transceiver is used to establish communication with the system inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, thereby obtaining vehicle status information in real time.

[0077] The sensor module is used to monitor the vehicle's operating status and environmental conditions, and convert the acquired information into electrical signals to transmit to the microcontroller;

[0078] A microcontroller is used to process sensor data and make corresponding decisions based on the processing results, controlling the vehicle's operating status or issuing alarm information.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the main power source is a vehicle battery, and the initial supply voltage of the vehicle battery is 12V.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the backup power source is an on-board backup battery, and the effective supply voltage of the on-board backup battery is 3.6V.

[0081] In one possible implementation, the first diode and the second diode are of type PMEG060V050EPD, and the voltage drop of the first diode and the second diode is 0.32V.

[0082] In one possible implementation, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is 4.4V.

[0083] In one possible implementation, the output voltage at the output terminal of the power module is 5V.

[0084] This disclosure also provides a vehicle including a main / standby power switching circuit.

[0085] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0086] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0087] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A main / standby power supply switching circuit, characterized in that, The main and backup power switching circuit is used in the vehicle's on-board terminal ECU system, and the main and backup power switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a backup power supply; The output terminal of the main power supply is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC module, the output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output terminal of the backup power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of both the first diode and the second diode are connected to the input terminal of the power supply module. The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications; When the main power supply is in normal working condition, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply; when the main power supply is in fault condition, the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero. Specifically, when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is equal to the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is both the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is less than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is switched from the main power supply to the backup power supply.

2. The main / standby power switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power source is a vehicle battery, and the initial supply voltage of the vehicle battery is 12V.

3. The main / standby power switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backup power source is an on-board backup battery, and the effective supply voltage of the on-board backup battery is 3.6V.

4. The main / standby power switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second diodes are model PMEG060V050EPD, and the voltage drop of the first and second diodes is 0.32V.

5. The main / standby power switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is 4.4V.

6. The main / standby power switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output terminal of the power module is connected to the vehicle terminal ECU system and supplies power to the vehicle terminal ECU system. The vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system includes: A CAN transceiver is used to establish communication with the system inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, thereby obtaining vehicle status information in real time. The sensor module is used to monitor the vehicle's operating status and environmental conditions, and convert the acquired information into electrical signals to transmit to the microcontroller; A microcontroller is used to process sensor data and make corresponding decisions based on the processing results, controlling the vehicle's operating status or issuing alarm information. The CAN transceiver is connected to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is connected to the sensor module.

7. The main / standby power switching circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output voltage of the power module is 5V.

8. An ECU power supply system, characterized in that, The ECU power supply system includes: a main / standby power switching circuit and a power module; The main and backup power switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a backup power supply; The output terminal of the main power supply is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC module, the output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output terminal of the backup power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of both the first diode and the second diode are connected to the input terminal of the power supply module. The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications; When the main power supply is in normal working condition, the initial output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply; when the main power supply is in fault condition, the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero. Specifically, when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is greater than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is equal to the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is both the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DC-DC module is less than the effective supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply for the power module is switched from the main power supply to the backup power supply. The power module is used to provide power to the vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system.

9. The ECU power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The output terminal of the power module is connected to the vehicle terminal ECU and supplies power to the vehicle terminal ECU system. The vehicle-mounted terminal ECU system includes: A CAN transceiver is used to establish communication with the system inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, thereby obtaining vehicle status information in real time. The sensor module is used to monitor the vehicle's operating status and environmental conditions, and convert the acquired information into electrical signals to transmit to the microcontroller; A microcontroller is used to process sensor data and make corresponding decisions based on the processing results, controlling the vehicle's operating status or issuing alarm information.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a primary / backup power switching circuit as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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