A multi-stage counter-burning high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system

Abstract

This utility model discloses a multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system, including a reverse combustion furnace, a reverse combustion compressor, and a heat recovery device. The reverse combustion furnace has a vertical reaction chamber. A feeding assembly communicating with the reaction chamber is located at the top of the furnace, and a discharge assembly communicating with the reaction chamber is located at the bottom. A burner is also installed on the furnace, and a low-temperature gas outlet is located at the top. A circulating gas outlet is located on the upper part of the furnace sidewall, and a separator is installed between the circulating gas outlet and the low-temperature gas outlet. The inlet of the reverse combustion compressor is connected to the low-temperature gas outlet, and the outlet of the compressor is connected to the burner. The inlet of the heat recovery device is connected to the circulating gas outlet, and the outlet of the heat recovery device is also connected to a tail gas treatment device. High-temperature flue gas directly radiates, convections, and conducts with the material in a counter-current flow, eliminating pollution and making the system more environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of high-temperature pyrolysis technology, specifically to a multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system. Background Technology

[0002] Volatile hydrocarbon feedstocks are among the most abundant renewable resources on Earth, including bituminous coal, petroleum coke, asphalt, agricultural waste, industrial waste, and municipal solid waste. Converting low-energy-density volatile organic biomass (CmHn) into high-energy-density gaseous, liquid, and solid products through pyrolysis and gasification is a promising production process. Pyrolysis and gasification are core and hot topics in thermochemical treatment technology research. Currently, solid volatile organic biomass (CmHn) is externally heated, with the material and heat flowing counter-currently to pyrolyze and generate gaseous, liquid, and solid products, which are then separated and applied individually. Another method uses self-circulating internal heating, where solid volatile organic biomass and a hot carrier gas flow in a counter-current heat exchange process for integrated pyrolysis, carbonization, and activation. However, the temperature field created by this gas-solid counter-current flow cannot meet the production requirements of high-value fuel gas and high-performance activated carbon, resulting in low product added value, high tar and acetic acid production, difficult processing, and environmental unfriendliness. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides a multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system, which can recover and utilize heat and purify the gas, making it more environmentally friendly.

[0004] The present invention provides a technical solution as follows: a multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system, comprising a reverse combustion furnace, a reverse combustion compressor, and a heat recovery device. The reverse combustion furnace has a vertical reaction chamber. A feeding assembly communicating with the reaction chamber is provided at the top of the reverse combustion furnace, and a discharge assembly communicating with the reaction chamber is provided at the bottom of the reverse combustion furnace. A burner is also provided on the reverse combustion furnace, and a low-temperature gas outlet is provided at the top of the reverse combustion furnace. A circulating gas outlet is provided on the upper part of the side wall of the reverse combustion furnace, and a separator is provided between the circulating gas outlet and the low-temperature gas outlet. The inlet of the reverse combustion compressor is connected to the low-temperature gas outlet, and the outlet of the reverse combustion compressor is connected to the burner. The inlet of the heat recovery device is connected to the circulating gas outlet, and the outlet of the heat recovery device is also connected to a tail gas treatment device.

[0005] Furthermore, the reverse combustion furnace has four types: a first reverse combustion furnace, a second reverse combustion furnace, a third reverse combustion furnace, and a fourth reverse combustion furnace. The first reverse combustion furnace is a fixed-bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by a pure oxygen multi-layer annular combustion chamber. The second reverse combustion furnace is a multi-layer rake-type reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by a pure oxygen annular burner. The third reverse combustion furnace is a fixed-bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by an air multi-layer annular burner. The fourth reverse combustion furnace is a fixed-bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace indirectly powered by an air annular combustion chamber.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat recovery device includes a steam superheater, a steam generator, and a soft water heater distributed from top to bottom.

[0007] Furthermore, the exhaust gas treatment device is an activated carbon purifier.

[0008] Furthermore, the pure oxygen multilayer first annular combustion chamber powered fixed bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace includes an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, and a lower furnace body connected from top to bottom. A first annular combustion chamber is provided on the outer periphery of the upper, middle, and lower furnace bodies. Multiple first burners are provided on the first annular combustion chamber. The first burners are distributed along the tangent of the furnace body. The outer wall of the furnace body is provided with combustion channels corresponding to the first burners. The center line of the combustion channel coincides with the center line of the first burner.

[0009] Furthermore, the internal structure of the pure oxygen annular burner-powered multi-layer rake reverse pyrolysis furnace includes a first furnace cavity, within which multiple partition layers are distributed vertically. Each partition layer is equipped with multiple second burners on its furnace body. Material drop holes are spaced apart along the inner and outer edges of each partition layer. Each partition layer is also equipped with a material-feeding rake, which is fixed to a rotating shaft. A first motor connected to the rotating shaft is located at the top of the pure oxygen annular burner-powered multi-layer rake reverse pyrolysis furnace.

[0010] Furthermore, the air-powered multi-layer annular burner-powered fixed-bed reverse pyrolysis furnace has multiple layers of third burners arranged in a ring on the furnace body, with the third burners tangentially entering the furnace body.

[0011] Furthermore, the air-annular combustion chamber fire tube indirect power supply fixed bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace includes a first furnace body and a second furnace body distributed vertically. A second combustion chamber is provided on the outside of both the first furnace body and the second furnace body. Fire tubes connected in series with the two second combustion chambers are also provided in the first furnace body and the second furnace body. A fourth burner is provided on the second combustion chamber. The fourth burner is distributed along the tangent of the furnace body of the fourth reverse combustion furnace. A flue is provided on the outside of the first furnace body, which is connected to the upper end of the fire tube.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: High-temperature flue gas directly radiates, convections, and conducts with the material in a countercurrent flow to produce high-temperature pyrolysis raw materials, generating low-temperature pyrolysis gas. This low-temperature pyrolysis gas is pressurized and circulated by a reverse combustion pressurizer to provide fuel for the reverse combustion furnace, producing high-temperature flue gas. This provides heat energy and reducing agents such as CO2 and H2O for the stratified pyrolysis of the raw materials at temperature gradients; it produces high-purity syngas and high-strength carbon-based materials (or clean ash), eliminating tar and acetic acid. It achieves self-powered operation, self-cleaning, low-carbon environmental protection, site-friendly operation, and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first reverse combustion furnace in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the first reverse combustion furnace in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second reverse combustion furnace in Embodiment 3 of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the third reverse combustion furnace in Embodiment 4 of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth reverse combustion furnace in Embodiment 5 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: Reverse combustion furnace 10, feeding assembly 1, discharging assembly 2, partition cylinder 3, reverse combustion press 4, low-temperature gas outlet 5, circulating gas outlet 6, fourth reverse combustion furnace 100, second combustion chamber 110, fire tube 120, fourth burner 130, flue 150, first reverse combustion furnace 200, first annular combustion chamber 210, first burner 230, second reverse combustion furnace 300, second burner 310, partition layer 320, feeding rake 330, rotating shaft 331, first motor 332, third reverse combustion furnace 400, third burner 410, heat recovery device 500, steam superheater 510, steam generator 520, soft water heater 530, high gravity dust collector 600, activated carbon purifier 700. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system, including a reverse combustion furnace 10, a reverse combustion compressor 4, and a heat recovery device 500. The reverse combustion furnace 10 has a vertical reaction chamber. The top of the reverse combustion furnace 10 is provided with a feeding assembly 1 communicating with the reaction chamber, and the bottom of the reverse combustion furnace 10 is provided with a discharge assembly 2 communicating with the reaction chamber. A burner is also provided on the reverse combustion furnace 10. A low-temperature gas outlet 5 is also provided on the top of the reverse combustion furnace 10. A circulating gas outlet 6 is provided on the upper part of the side wall of the reverse combustion furnace 10. A separator 3 is provided between the circulating gas outlet 6 and the low-temperature gas outlet 5. The inlet of the reverse combustion compressor 4 is connected to the low-temperature gas outlet 5, and the outlet of the reverse combustion compressor 4 is connected to the burner. The inlet of the heat recovery device 500 is connected to the circulating gas outlet 6, and the outlet of the heat recovery device 500 is also connected to a tail gas treatment device.

[0027] Furthermore, the heat recovery device 500 includes a steam superheater 510, a steam generator 520, and a soft water heater 530 distributed from top to bottom.

[0028] Furthermore, the exhaust gas treatment device includes a gravity dust collector 600 and an activated carbon purifier 700.

[0029] During operation, the high-temperature flue gas directly radiates, convections, and conducts with the material in a countercurrent flow to produce high-temperature pyrolysis raw materials, generating low-temperature pyrolysis gas. This low-temperature pyrolysis gas is pressurized and circulated by the reverse combustion pressurizer 4 to provide fuel for the reverse combustion furnace 10, producing high-temperature flue gas. This provides heat energy and reducing agents such as CO2 and H2O for the stratified pyrolysis of the raw materials at temperature gradients; it produces high-purity syngas and high-strength carbon-based materials, eliminating tar and acetic acid.

[0030] Benefits of low-temperature fuel gas reverse combustion and high-temperature flue gas pyrolysis:

[0031] ① Low-temperature gas is discharged from the low-temperature gas outlet 5. The low-temperature gas is then re-entered into the re-burning furnace 10 through the re-burning pressurizer 4 to form high-temperature flue gas, which releases a large amount of heat and reducing agents CO2 and H2O. This process cracks, gasifies, and activates the raw materials and pyrolyzed high-temperature carbon to produce high specific surface area activated carbon (or high-strength hard carbon) and high-quality syngas, eliminating tar and acetic acid.

[0032] ② High-temperature syngas is discharged from the circulating gas outlet 6. This high-temperature syngas sequentially exchanges heat with the soft water heater 530, steam generator 520, and steam superheater 510 to produce high-temperature steam, which then gasifies the pyrolyzed carbon to generate high-quality syngas. For pure oxygen-assisted high-temperature flue gas pyrolyzed carbon, it can be completely combusted and gasified to produce syngas; it can be converted to produce hydrogen for clean fuel; it can synthesize methane for high-calorific-value fuel comparable to natural gas; and it can synthesize methanol for use as a green fuel in vehicles and ships.

[0033] ③ Add potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, etc. to produce rigid hard carbon, which provides negative electrode carbon material for sodium-ion batteries.

[0034] ④ High-temperature pyrolysis char can also directly form high-heat-energy, high-strength hard char, steel char, and white char as smokeless fuel. It can burn smokelessly to make environmentally friendly char, which is safe, hygienic, environmentally friendly and healthy.

[0035] ⑤ High-strength clean carbon produced by high-temperature pyrolysis is completely combusted and gasified by introducing air and steam into the furnace bottom. The combustion releases heat energy and forms CO2, which is used as a reducing agent to reduce CO in the furnace body, increasing the calorific value of the gas for heating and cooking. No carbon black is produced, making it environmentally friendly and hygienic. Introducing pure oxygen and steam into the furnace bottom for complete combustion and gasification can produce high-yield, high-quality syngas.

[0036] ⑥ For domestic waste, medical waste, and industrial waste, low-temperature pyrolysis gas is circulated and burned to generate high-temperature syngas and clean carbon. The benzene-containing compounds are completely decomposed at a high temperature of 1200℃ without secondary low-temperature generation of dioxins. The pyrolysis carbon forms clean ash after combustion.

[0037] ⑦ High-ash raw materials such as sludge and coal gangue can be used to produce fuel gas (syngas) and ash residue for building materials.

[0038] This process is self-powered and self-cleaning, with no carbon emissions, low energy consumption, clean gas, and no need to treat tar or vinegar, making it environmentally friendly.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] like Figure 2-4 As shown, the reverse combustion furnace is the first reverse combustion furnace 200. The first reverse combustion furnace 200 is a pure oxygen multi-layer annular combustion chamber powered fixed bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace. The pure oxygen multi-layer first annular combustion chamber 210 powered fixed bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace includes an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, and a lower furnace body connected from top to bottom. A first annular combustion chamber 210 is provided on the outer periphery of the upper, middle, and lower furnace bodies. A plurality of first burners 230 are provided on the first annular combustion chamber 210. The first burners 230 are distributed along the tangent of the furnace body. The outer wall of the furnace body is provided with combustion channels corresponding to the first burners 230. The center line of the combustion channel coincides with the center line of the first burner 230.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] like Figure 5 As shown, the reverse combustion furnace is the second reverse combustion furnace 300. The second reverse combustion furnace 300 is a multi-layer rake reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by a pure oxygen annular burner. The internal structure of the multi-layer rake reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by a pure oxygen annular burner has a first furnace cavity. Multiple partition layers 320 are distributed vertically within the first furnace cavity. Multiple second burners 310 are provided on the furnace body of the multi-layer rake reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace corresponding to each partition layer 320. Material dropping holes are provided at intervals on the inner and outer edges of the partition layers 320. Each partition layer 320 is also provided with a material-feeding rake 330, which is fixed on a rotating shaft 331. A first motor 332 connected to the rotating shaft 331 is provided on the top of the multi-layer rake reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by a pure oxygen annular burner.

[0043] Example 4

[0044] like Figure 6 As shown, the reverse combustion furnace is a third reverse combustion furnace 400, which is an air-powered multi-layer annular burner-powered fixed-bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace. Furthermore, multiple layers of third burners 410 are arranged in a ring on the furnace body of the air-powered multi-layer annular burner-powered fixed-bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace, and the third burners 410 enter the furnace body tangentially.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] like Figure 7-8As shown, the reverse combustion furnace is the fourth reverse combustion furnace 100. The fourth reverse combustion furnace 100 is an air-annular combustion chamber indirect power supply fixed bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace. The air-annular combustion chamber fire tube 120 indirect power supply fixed bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace includes a first furnace body and a second furnace body distributed vertically. The exterior of the first furnace body and the second furnace body are provided with a second combustion chamber 110. The first furnace body and the second furnace body are also provided with fire tubes 120 that communicate with the two second combustion chambers 110. A fourth burner 130 is provided on the second combustion chamber 110. The fourth burner 130 is distributed along the tangent of the furnace body of the fourth reverse combustion furnace 100. The exterior of the first furnace body is provided with a flue 150 that is connected in series with the upper end of the fire tube 120.

[0047] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terminology used is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0048] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0049] Numerous specific details are set forth in this specification. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, systems, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system, characterized in that, include: A reverse combustion furnace (10) is constructed with a vertical reaction chamber inside. A feeding assembly (1) communicating with the reaction chamber is provided at the top of the reverse combustion furnace (10). A discharge assembly (2) communicating with the reaction chamber is provided at the bottom of the reverse combustion furnace (10). A burner is also provided on the reverse combustion furnace (10). A low-temperature gas outlet (5) is also provided at the top of the reverse combustion furnace (10). A circulating gas outlet (6) is provided on the upper part of the side wall of the reverse combustion furnace (10). A separator (3) is provided between the circulating gas outlet (6) and the low-temperature gas outlet (5). A reverse combustion press (4) is provided, the inlet of which is connected to the low-temperature gas outlet (5), and the outlet of which is connected to the burner. A heat recovery device (500) is provided, the inlet of which is connected to the circulating gas outlet (6), and the outlet of which is also connected to a tail gas treatment device. The reverse combustion furnace (10) has four types, namely the first reverse combustion furnace (200), the second reverse combustion furnace (300), the third reverse combustion furnace (400) and the fourth reverse combustion furnace (100). The first reverse combustion furnace (200) is a fixed-bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by a pure oxygen multi-layer annular combustion chamber, the second reverse combustion furnace (300) is a multi-layer rake reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by a pure oxygen annular burner, the third reverse combustion furnace (400) is a fixed-bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by an air multi-layer annular burner, and the fourth reverse combustion furnace (100) is a fixed-bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace powered by an air annular combustion chamber indirectly. The heat recovery device (500) includes a steam superheater (510), a steam generator (520) and a soft water heater (530) distributed from top to bottom. The exhaust gas treatment device includes a gravity dust collector (600) and an activated carbon purifier (700).

2. The multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pure oxygen multi-layer annular combustion chamber powered fixed bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace includes an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, and a lower furnace body connected from top to bottom. A first annular combustion chamber (210) is provided on the outer periphery of the upper, middle, and lower furnace bodies. Multiple first burners (230) are provided on the first annular combustion chamber (210). The first burners (230) are distributed along the tangent of the furnace body. The outer wall of the furnace body is provided with combustion channels corresponding to the first burners (230). The center line of the combustion channels coincides with the center line of the first burners (230).

3. The multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal structure of the pure oxygen annular burner powered multi-layer rake reverse pyrolysis furnace has a first furnace cavity, in which multiple partition layers (320) are distributed vertically. On the furnace body of the pure oxygen annular burner powered multi-layer rake reverse pyrolysis furnace, multiple second burners (310) are provided corresponding to each partition layer (320). The inner and outer edges of the partition layer (320) are provided with material dropping holes at intervals. Each partition layer (320) is also provided with a material feeding rake (330), which is fixed on a rotating shaft (331). The top of the pure oxygen annular burner powered multi-layer rake reverse pyrolysis furnace is provided with a first motor (332) connected to the rotating shaft (331).

4. The multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-powered multi-layer annular burner-powered fixed-bed reverse pyrolysis furnace has multiple layers of third burners (410) arranged in a ring on the furnace body, with the third burners (410) tangentially entering the furnace body.

5. The multi-stage reverse combustion high-temperature pyrolysis gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-annular combustion chamber fire tube (120) indirectly powered fixed bed reverse combustion pyrolysis furnace includes a first furnace body and a second furnace body distributed vertically. A second combustion chamber (110) is provided on the outside of both the first furnace body and the second furnace body. Fire tubes (120) communicating with the two second combustion chambers (110) are also provided in the first furnace body and the second furnace body. A fourth burner (130) is provided on the second combustion chamber (110). The fourth burner (130) is distributed along the tangent of the furnace body of the fourth reverse combustion furnace (100). A flue (150) communicating with the upper end of the fire tube (120) is provided on the outside of the first furnace body.

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