Bridge side water guide eave and installation structure

Abstract

This utility model discloses a bridge-side water-retaining eave and its installation structure. The eave is designed to be separate from the bridge, with the eave body fixedly installed on the bridge via an installation unit. This ensures the eave's secure installation without damaging the bridge structure. The installation unit has a housing to accommodate other components within the unit. A support plate and a fixing plate are housed within the housing, and a snap-fit ​​plate is clamped between the support plate and the fixing plate to achieve relative fixation between the eave body and the installation unit. The eave body includes an eave section and a bracket. The eave section is segmented, with each segment connected to the bracket, which in turn is fixedly connected to the snap-fit ​​plate. An installation groove is provided on the side of the bridge, and a sealant is filled in the gap between the inner edge of the eave body and the installation groove to further enhance the water-retaining effect of the eave body. Furthermore, the eave body has a drainage area and water outlets. Water contained in the eave body flows out through the water outlets and drips from the lower surface, preventing water from overflowing from the eave body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of bridge water diversion eaves, specifically relating to a water diversion eaves and installation structure installed on the side of a bridge. Background Technology

[0002] Large-span concrete bridges typically use piers as supporting structures, with the bridge and piers connected by bearings. To ensure a more stable and robust connection, bearings are usually made of steel, and in some cases, metal fasteners are used to secure the bearings to the bridge and piers. When the sides of the bridge get wet in rainy weather, water tends to flow to the bottom of the bridge and then along the bottom to the connection between the bridge and the piers. Over time, the metal components at the connection are prone to corrosion, leading to reduced structural strength and ultimately affecting the bridge's safety. To prevent corrosion of metal components and extend the bridge's lifespan, modern concrete bridges typically have drainage structures on both sides, allowing water from the bridge sides to flow into these structures instead of flowing to the bottom of the bridge.

[0003] Currently, bridge water diversion structures mainly consist of water-diversion eaves on both sides of the bridge. These eaves are typically constructed in two ways. One method involves pouring the water-diversion eaves along with the guardrails during construction. However, to achieve high concrete strength, vibration is usually required after pouring. Since the width of the water-diversion eaves is typically no more than 20 cm, vibrators cannot easily reach them, making vibration difficult. Insufficient vibration can lead to damage and detachment of the eaves, creating safety hazards. The other method involves mechanically excavating the water-diversion eaves on the sides of the bridge after construction is complete. This method is not only time-consuming but can also cause microscopic cracks in the concrete bridge, damaging the bridge structure. Temporarily installed water-diversion eaves often have poor water diversion effects and are prone to detachment. Preventing detachment also requires drilling and other operations that can damage the bridge structure. To address the aforementioned problems, researchers have largely attempted to modify the bridge structure. For example, Chinese patent application number 202411811261.1, entitled "A Bridge Structure and Construction Method with Drip Edges," discloses a bridge structure that makes the drip edge easier to vibrate by reducing the bridge width, increasing the drip edge width, and minimizing the bending portion of the drip edge cross-section. While this bridge structure does reduce the difficulty of vibrating the drip edge to some extent, the strength achieved after vibration remains uncertain, making it difficult to ensure the reliability of the drip edge. Therefore, it is necessary to design a drip edge that possesses good water-draining capacity, is firmly fixed to the bridge, and does not damage the bridge structure. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a water-draining eave and installation structure for installation on the side of a bridge. The water-draining eave is installed on the bridge by an installation unit and can be separated from the bridge. Only an installation cavity for accommodating the installation unit needs to be pre-installed on the bridge.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A bridge-side water diversion eave and its installation structure are disclosed. The water diversion eave includes multiple eave body units, and the installation structure includes multiple installation units, wherein the number of eave body units is no more than the number of installation units. The water diversion eave is installed on the bridge, and multiple installation cavities are provided on the side of the bridge. Each installation cavity contains an installation unit, and the relative position of the installation unit and the installation cavity is fixed. Each eave body unit is fixedly connected to a corresponding installation unit. Each eave body unit includes an eave body segment, which is strip-shaped and aligned with the extension direction of the bridge. Adjacent eave body segments are connected through end faces. Taking the direction closest to the support as the inside, the inner edge of the eave body fits against the side of the bridge, and the entire upper surface of the eave body is recessed to form a diversion channel, which is aligned with the extension direction of the bridge.

[0007] In existing technologies, water-diverting eaves on bridges are either constructed through secondary casting or excavated after the bridge is built. Secondary casting of water-diverting eaves makes it difficult to ensure structural strength due to the challenges of vibration compaction, while excavated eaves are prone to damaging the bridge structure. In this invention, only a pre-installed installation cavity is needed on the bridge. This cavity can be created by pre-installing molds within the bridge, and the presence of the molds does not hinder vibration compaction. The eaves extending along the side of the bridge are fixedly connected to the installation unit, which is then housed within the installation cavity and positioned securely. This design facilitates both installation and removal of the water-diverting eaves and ensures a firm connection to the bridge. In real-world scenarios, bridges are often quite long, with large bridges frequently reaching hundreds or even thousands of meters in length. Therefore, water-diverting eaves installed along the bridge must be installed in sections.

[0008] Further optimization includes a housing and a snap-fit ​​plate. The housing is inserted into the mounting cavity and has an opening on its outer side. The housing is fixedly connected to the bridge by a fastener, half of which is embedded in the bridge. A fixing plate is housed inside the housing and snapped into the housing. A bearing plate is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the housing opening, and the fixing plate is parallel to the bearing plate. A connection hole is provided on the bearing plate. The eaves unit also includes a connector, which passes through the connection hole and is fixedly connected to the snap-fit ​​plate. The snap-fit ​​plate is sandwiched between the bearing plate and the fixing plate.

[0009] The presence of the housing offers two advantages: first, it protects the snap-fit ​​plates and other components within the mounting unit from water immersion and corrosion, preventing damage to the structural strength; second, compared to other types of connectors, the housing has a larger contact area with the mounting cavity wall, allowing the eaves to remain more stable under the same force. To enable the mounting unit to be detachable, the snap-fit ​​plates connected to the eaves are secured by clamping between a support plate and a fixing plate. For the snap-fit ​​plates to be clamped, the fixing plate must be held within the housing; therefore, the housing space cannot simply expand inwards from the opening. This clamping design also increases the contact area between the mounting unit components, reducing pressure and contributing to a more robust structure. Since a housing snapped directly into the mounting cavity may not be secure enough, pre-embedded fasteners within the cavity significantly enhance the stability of the mounting unit's connection.

[0010] Further optimization involves housing two top plates, referred to as the upper top plate and the lower top plate; the upper edge of the fixing plate abuts against the upper top plate, and the lower edge abuts against the lower top plate, with both top plates fixed in relative positions to the housing and the fixing plate; a positioning sleeve is fitted onto the snap-fit ​​plate, which fits against both the snap-fit ​​plate and the bearing plate and the fixing plate.

[0011] Considering that the eaves will sway due to wind and rain in real-world conditions, if the connections between the components of the installation unit are rigid, long-term shaking can easily lead to metal fatigue or wear at the joints, causing loosening and affecting the overall structural strength of the installation unit. The positioning sleeve is made of a material capable of slight deformation. Placing the positioning sleeve on the locking plate allows for slight swaying of the locking plate, thus avoiding the aforementioned problems. In practice, if the internal space of the housing is large, it is common to install monitoring equipment for monitoring the bridge's condition. This monitoring equipment requires replacement or maintenance. Installing top plates at both ends of the fixing plate can prevent wear at both ends during repeated disassembly and assembly, and also ensure that the fixing plate is firmly locked in its fixed position.

[0012] Further optimization involves each eaves unit also including at least one bracket and a support member. The inner side of the bracket is fixedly connected to the connector, and the upper surface of the bracket fits against the lower surface of the eaves body, with the bracket and eaves body being fixedly connected. The upper end of the support member is fixedly connected to the bracket and abuts against the outer surface of the bearing plate. Dividing the eaves body (used for holding water) and the bracket (used for support) into two parts facilitates the manufacturing and processing of the eaves. The design of the support member takes into account that when the eaves body is filled with water, its weight increases, and the connection between the bracket and the connector will bear a large torque. The support member can share the torque at the connection, making the eaves structure more robust.

[0013] Further optimization involves a fixed length for each eave segment. Adjacent eave segments are connected to the same bracket at their joints, and each segment is also connected to a bracket in the middle. A gasket is sandwiched between adjacent eave segments, and this gasket is fixedly connected to the end faces of the eave segments on both sides. Water flows from one eave segment to another without being obstructed by the gasket, and there are no gaps between adjacent eave segments. Considering the vibrations caused by vehicles traveling on the bridge and the effects of thermal expansion and contraction, a gap must be left between adjacent water-diverting eave segments, similar to that of train tracks. However, gaps between the water-diverting eaves can cause water to continue flowing down the side of the bridge. Therefore, gaskets are needed to completely fill the gaps, thus satisfying the water-blocking requirement while allowing sufficient space between adjacent eave segments. Considering that bridges are constructed in sections, with each section typically ranging from 15 to 30 meters in length, a section of the eaves can be made to the same length as a section of the bridge. Each section of the eaves connects to brackets at both ends and the middle, thus fixing the position of the mounting cavity within each section and greatly simplifying the construction process. The design of connecting a single eaves section to three brackets simultaneously, with the connections at both ends and the middle, ensures the stability of the eaves with a minimum number of brackets.

[0014] Further optimization involves installing mounting grooves on the sides of the bridge, with the inner edge of the eaves embedded within these grooves. A sealant, strip-shaped and with a length equal to the entire joint, is filled into the joint between the eaves and the bridge side. This design enhances the water-blocking effect of the eaves, further preventing water from flowing along the bridge side to the bridge base and the supports between the bridge and piers.

[0015] Further optimization involves creating a secondary recessed drainage area on the bottom surface of each eaves section's drainage channel. Water flow holes are drilled through this drainage area, penetrating the entire eaves. With conventional eaves, if the eaves are already full but water continues to flow in, the overflowing water easily overflows the outer edge of the eaves, flows to the lower surface, and then continues to flow up the side of the bridge. The drainage area and water flow holes on the eaves prevent this problem; the water in the eaves drips from the lower surface through the water flow holes, effectively preventing overflow.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model's water-guiding eaves are as follows:

[0017] 1. The water-diverting eaves of this utility model adopt a design that separates the water-diverting eaves from the bridge. The eaves are fixedly installed on the bridge through an installation unit, which ensures that the water-diverting eaves are installed firmly and will not damage the bridge structure.

[0018] 2. The mounting unit has a housing for housing other components within the unit. The housing not only makes the mounting unit more securely installed in the mounting cavity, but also serves to house other devices or equipment.

[0019] 3. The installation unit uses a bearing plate and a fixing plate together to clamp the snap-fit ​​plate, thereby achieving the design of fixing the eaves relative to the installation unit. This also facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the components in the installation unit while fixing the eaves.

[0020] 4. The eaves consist of the eave body and the brackets. The eave body adopts a segmented design, with each segment being the same length as each section of the bridge. Each segment of the eave body is connected to three brackets, which greatly facilitates the installation of the eaves and the construction of the bridge.

[0021] 5. The bridge has mounting grooves on its sides, and the gap between the inner edge of the eaves and the mounting grooves is filled with sealant, which further enhances the water-blocking effect of the eaves.

[0022] 6. The eaves are equipped with drainage areas and water outlets. Water contained in the eaves will flow out through the water outlets and drip down from the lower surface, thus preventing water from overflowing from the eaves. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a water-diverting eave installed on a bridge;

[0024] Figure 2 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall internal structure and assembly form of the installation unit;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the bracket and eave assembly structure;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation unit excluding the eaves and supporting plate;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing the distribution of drainage areas and water outlets. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Example

[0029] A bridge-side water diversion eave and its installation structure, wherein the water diversion eave includes multiple eave body units 7, and the installation structure includes multiple installation units 6. The eave body units 7 are installed on the bridge 3 via the installation units 6. Each eave body unit 7 includes an eave body 71, which is generally strip-shaped and extends parallel to the extension direction of the bridge 3. The overall distribution of the water diversion eave when installed on the bridge 3 is as follows. Figure 1As shown. Multiple mounting cavities 4 are provided on the side of the bridge 3. Each mounting cavity 4 houses a mounting unit 6, which includes a housing 61 and a snap-fit ​​plate 64. The housing 61 is a cuboid with a uniform wall thickness. The mounting cavity 4 is also a cuboid space, its size and shape adapted to the outer dimensions of the housing 61. With the direction closest to the centerline of the bridge 3 as the inward direction, the housing 61 is inserted into the mounting cavity 4, and the outer side of the housing 61 has an opening that coincides with the outer surface of the housing 61's receiving space. The mounting structure also includes a fixing member 5. In this embodiment, the fixing member 5 is a screw rod. The inner half of the screw rod is pre-embedded in the bridge 3, and the outer half is housed in the mounting cavity 4. A through hole for the screw rod is provided on the inner wall of the housing 61. The portion of the screw rod that penetrates the housing 61 is threaded. The relative position of the housing 61 and the mounting cavity 4 is fixed by a nut that matches the portion of the screw rod that penetrates the housing 61 and the threaded connection of the fixing member 5. The assembly form of the positioning member, the fixing member 5, and the housing 61 is as follows. Figure 2 As shown.

[0030] The housing 61 houses a fixing plate 65 and two top plates 66. The fixing plate 65 is parallel to the opening of the housing 61, and the two top plates 66 are perpendicular to the fixing plate 65. The two top plates 66 are referred to as the upper top plate and the lower top plate, respectively. An upper groove is formed on the lower surface of the upper top plate, and the upper edge of the fixing plate 65 is embedded in the upper groove. A pad is sandwiched between the upper surface of the upper top plate and the wall of the housing 61, and the pad abuts against both the upper top plate and the housing 61. A lower groove is formed on the upper surface of the lower top plate, and the lower edge of the fixing plate 65 is embedded in the lower groove. The lower surface of the lower top plate abuts against the wall of the housing 61. A bearing plate 67 is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the opening of the housing 61. The outer surface of the bearing plate 67 is flush with the side of the bridge 3, and a connecting hole is formed on the bearing plate 67. The eaves 7 also includes a bracket 72, a connector 73, and a support 74. In this embodiment, the connector 73 is a horizontal plate that passes through the connecting hole. Its outer end is fixedly connected to the bracket 72, and its inner end is fixedly connected to the snap-fit ​​plate 64. The snap-fit ​​plate 64 is sandwiched between the support plate 67 and the fixing plate 65, and a positioning sleeve 63 is sleeved on the snap-fit ​​plate 64. The positioning sleeve 63 is in contact with the surface of the snap-fit ​​plate 64 and the surfaces of the support plate 67 and the fixing plate 65 at the same time.

[0031] The upper surface of bracket 72 is attached to the lower surface of eaves 71, and bracket 72 and eaves 71 are bonded together with glass glue. The connection relationship between bracket 72 and eaves 71 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the support member 74 is a vertical plate, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the bracket 72, and its inner surface abuts against the outer surface of the bearing plate 67. The internal structure of the mounting unit 6 and the connection relationship between the bracket 72 and the mounting unit 6 are as follows. Figure 2 As shown. In this embodiment, the entire eaves 7 is made of fiberglass, and the cross-section of the eaves 71 perpendicular to its extension direction is as shown. Figure 3As shown in the diagram, the eaves 71 is divided into multiple segments along its extension direction, each segment being 15 m long. The end faces of each segment are perpendicular to the extension direction of the eaves 71. A gasket is sandwiched between adjacent segments of the eaves 71. In this embodiment, the gasket is made of rubber and is bonded to the end faces of the eaves 71 on both sides. The shape and size of the rubber gasket are the same as the end faces of the eaves 71, and the rubber gasket overlaps with the end faces of the eaves 71. Each segment of the eaves 71 is fixedly connected to three brackets 72, with two brackets 72 connected to the two ends respectively, and the third bracket 72 connected to the middle position. The overall assembly of the eaves 71 and the brackets 72 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0032] The bridge 3 has mounting grooves 11 on its side, and the inner edge of the eaves 71 is embedded in the mounting grooves 11. The mounting grooves 11 are distributed on the side of the bridge 3 as follows: Figure 4 As shown, a sealant 8 is filled in the joint between the upper surface of the eaves 71 and the side of the bridge 3. The sealant 8 is strip-shaped and its overall length is equal to the length of the entire joint. The sealant 8 is installed as shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the sealant 8 is silicone sealant injected along the joint. A drainage area 9 is provided on the upper surface of the eaves 71. The drainage area 9 consists of a sloping surface and a bottom, and is recessed into a pit shape. Water collected in the eaves 71 flows from the sloping surface to the bottom. Water holes 10 are drilled vertically through the eaves 71. The holes on the upper surface of the eaves 71 are all distributed within the bottom area of ​​the drainage area 9. In this embodiment, each drainage area 9 has three water holes 10 within its coverage area. The central axes of the three water holes 10 are located on the same plane, and this plane is parallel to the extension direction of the bridge 3. The distribution of the drainage areas 9 and the water holes 10 on the eaves 71 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. During the production process, the eaves 71 are produced by casting. The distribution of drainage areas 9 and water outlets 10 on each section of the eaves 71 is the same, as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0033] Taking the extension direction of bridge 3 as the left and right direction, there are gaps between the left and right sides of the fixing plate 65 and the wall of the shell 61. There is a lot of friction between the wall of the shell 61 and the pad and the lower top plate. However, the fixing plate 65 and the two top plates 66 can still be moved in the inward and outward directions within the shell 61 as a whole. Thus, the installation unit 6 is a detachable structure. Any parts in the installation unit 6 that are damaged due to rust or other factors can be easily replaced. Under normal conditions, the fixing plate 65 and the bearing plate 67 can also firmly clamp the snap-fit ​​plate 64. When water flows down the side of bridge 3, it will flow into the eaves 71, and then gather in the drainage area 9 in the eaves 71, and then flow away from the water outlet 10, and finally drip from the lower surface of the eaves 71. The whole process avoids water flowing onto the support 2 between the pier 1 and bridge 3 as much as possible.

[0034] It is understandable that in Embodiment 1, the top plate 66 and the pad plate may be omitted, and the upper and lower ends of the fixing plate 65 may directly contact the wall surface of the housing 61.

[0035] It is understandable that the positioning sleeve 63 may be omitted, and the snap-fit ​​plate 64 may directly contact the bearing plate 67 and the fixing plate 65.

[0036] It is understandable that the fasteners 5 and positioning parts may be omitted, and the housing 61 may be directly snapped into the mounting cavity 4.

[0037] It is understandable that the shell 61 can also be other shapes, such as wedges, as long as the fixing plate 65 can be parallel to the opening and locked in the space.

[0038] It is understandable that the eaves 71 may not be divided into segments of equal length, or more mounting cavities 4 may be opened on the bridge 3 to fix the eaves 71 to more brackets 72.

[0039] It is understandable that the pad between two adjacent eaves 71 can also be other shapes, such as strips, as long as the conditions are met that there are no gaps between the two eaves 71 and that the flow of water between the two eaves 71 is not obstructed.

[0040] It is understandable that the bracket 72 may not be present in the eaves unit 7, and the connector 73 and the support 74 may be directly fixedly connected to the eaves body 71.

[0041] It is understood that the drainage area 9 and the water hole 10 on the eaves 71 can also be made in other forms than those described in Embodiment 1. If the distribution of the drainage area 9 on each section of the eaves 71 is the same or the distribution of the drainage area 9 changes periodically, then the cut eaves 71 does not need to be numbered.

[0042] It is understandable that the mounting groove 11 may not be provided on the side of the bridge 3, or the seal 8 may not be filled in the gap between the inner edge of the eaves 71 and the mounting groove 11.

[0043] It is understandable that the eaves 71 may not have drainage area 9 and water outlet 10.

Claims

1. A bridge-side water-diverting eave and its installation structure, characterized in that: The water-diverting eaves include multiple eave body units (7), and the installation structure includes multiple installation units (6), with the number of eave body units (7) not exceeding the number of installation units (6). The water-diverting eaves are installed on the bridge (3), and multiple installation cavities (4) are opened on the side of the bridge (3). Each installation cavity (4) contains an installation unit (6), and the relative position of the installation unit (6) and the installation cavity (4) is fixed. Each eave body unit (7) is fixedly connected to the corresponding installation unit (6). Each eave body unit (7) includes a section of eave body (71), which is strip-shaped and extends in the same direction as the bridge (3). Adjacent sections of eave body (71) are connected through end faces. Taking the direction closer to the support (2) as the inside, the inner edge of the eave body (71) fits against the side of the bridge (3), and the upper surface of the eave body (71) is recessed as a diversion channel, which extends in the same direction as the bridge (3).

2. The bridge-side water-diverting eaves and installation structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting unit (6) includes a housing (61) and a snap-fit ​​plate (64). The housing (61) is inserted into the mounting cavity (4) and has an opening on the outside. The housing (61) is fixedly connected to the bridge (3) by a fastener (5), half of which is embedded in the bridge (3). A fixing plate (65) is housed inside the housing (61) and is snapped into the housing (61). A bearing plate (67) is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the opening of the housing (61) and is parallel to the bearing plate (67). A connecting hole is provided on the bearing plate (67). The eaves unit (7) also includes a connector (73), which passes through the connecting hole and is fixedly connected to the snap-fit ​​plate (64). The snap-fit ​​plate (64) is sandwiched between the bearing plate (67) and the fixing plate (65).

3. The bridge-side water-diverting eaves and installation structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The housing (61) also contains two top plates (66), referred to as the upper top plate and the lower top plate respectively; the upper edge of the fixing plate (65) abuts against the upper top plate and the lower edge abuts against the lower top plate. Both top plates (66) are fixed in relative position to the housing (61) and the fixing plate (65); a positioning sleeve (63) is provided on the snap-fit ​​plate (64). The positioning sleeve (63) fits against the snap-fit ​​plate (64) and also fits against the bearing plate (67) and the fixing plate (65).

4. The bridge-side water-diverting eaves and installation structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Each eaves unit (7) also includes at least one bracket (72) and a support (74). The inner side of the bracket (72) is fixedly connected to the connector (73). The upper surface of the bracket (72) is in contact with the lower surface of the eaves (71) and the bracket (72) is fixedly connected to the eaves (71). The upper end of the support (74) is fixedly connected to the bracket (72) and abuts against the outer surface of the bearing plate (67).

5. The bridge-side water-diverting eaves and installation structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The length of each eave section (71) is a fixed value. Two adjacent eave sections (71) are connected to the same bracket (72) at the connection point, and each eave section (71) is also connected to a bracket (72) in the middle position. A gasket is sandwiched between two adjacent eave sections (71), and the gasket is fixedly connected to the end face of the eave section (71) on both sides. Water flows from one eave section (71) to another without being obstructed by the gasket, and there is no gap between two adjacent eave sections (71).

6. The bridge-side water-diverting eaves and installation structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that: An installation groove (11) is provided on the side of the bridge (3). The inner edge of the eaves (71) is embedded in the installation groove (11). The joint between the eaves (71) and the side of the bridge (3) is filled with a sealant (8). The sealant (8) is strip-shaped and its length is equal to the length of the entire joint.

7. The bridge-side water-diverting eaves and installation structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Each section of the eaves (71) has a drainage area (9) formed by a secondary depression on the bottom surface of the drainage channel, and a water flow hole (10) is drilled through the eaves (71) on the drainage area (9).

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