A deep fill slope zone bottom plate water pressure control and water and soil lateral pressure reduction structure
By setting drainage and isolation structures on the basement sidewalls and foundation in the deep fill slope area, a funnel-shaped water level line is formed, which solves the problem of building cracking caused by soil pressure imbalance and water level difference in the basement, and realizes the improvement of building safety and optimization of anti-buoyancy structure.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QINGDAO INST OF SURVEYING & MAPPING SURVEY
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
Smart Images
Figure CN224314251U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of drainage and anti-buoyancy, specifically relating to a structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom plate and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in deep fill slope areas. Background Technology
[0002] With the extensive development of underground spaces, especially in sloping areas created by fill, significant elevation differences often lead to imbalances in soil pressure in basements. Furthermore, the marked differences in groundwater levels in sloping areas result in substantial variations in the anti-buoyancy water level of basements. Particularly in areas with deep fill, the varying and complex properties of the fill cause extremely uneven permeability. This frequently results in short-term increases in the anti-buoyancy water head due to rainfall, leading to cracks in the building's foundation slab. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides a structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in deep fill slope areas; this structure can improve the safety of building structures and is unaffected by surface precipitation.
[0004] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0005] A structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in a deep fill slope area, the structure includes an external water level control unit for the basement sidewall; the external water level control unit for the basement sidewall includes an upper groundwater drainage subunit for the sump, a groundwater isolation layer for the sump, and a groundwater pressure control subunit for the bottom of the sump.
[0006] The underground water drainage subunit above the foundation pit includes: a concrete surface layer, groundwater drainage holes, a three-dimensional drainage board for the foundation pit sidewall, and a first-layer drainage gravel layer; the groundwater drainage holes are located on the surface of the foundation pit sidewall; the three-dimensional drainage board for the foundation pit sidewall is located at the lower part of the foundation pit sidewall, the first-layer drainage gravel layer is located at the upper part of the foundation pit, and the bottom of the three-dimensional drainage board for the foundation pit sidewall is also located at the upper part of the foundation pit.
[0007] The groundwater isolation layer of the fertilizer trench is set at the bottom of the foundation pit fertilizer trench, and from top to bottom it includes a clay water-proof layer and a polymer isolation membrane.
[0008] The groundwater pressure control subunit at the bottom of the fertilizer tank includes bottom drainage gravel and bottom drainage blind pipes installed in the bottom drainage gravel; the bottom drainage gravel is located below the polymer isolation membrane.
[0009] Furthermore, a first-floor drainage blind pipe is installed in the first-floor drainage gravel layer; the first-floor drainage blind pipe is used to drain the wastewater in the first-floor drainage gravel layer to outside the basement area.
[0010] Furthermore, the groundwater drainage holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the foundation pit sidewall, with a diameter of 10-15 cm and a density of 1-3 holes / m². 2 .
[0011] Furthermore, the groundwater pressure control subunit at the bottom of the fertilizer tank also includes a weathered sand backfill area, which is set in the remaining space after the construction of the polymer isolation membrane and the bottom drainage gravel.
[0012] Furthermore, the structure also includes a basement groundwater level control unit;
[0013] The foundation groundwater level control unit includes a foundation water collection and pressure relief gravel layer, a transverse foundation pressure balance gravel layer, and a vertical foundation pressure balance gravel layer.
[0014] The water-collecting and pressure-relief crushed stone layer of the base is located in the water-facing direction of the base;
[0015] The transverse base pressure balance crushed stone layer and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer are disposed at the lower part of the base; the transverse base pressure balance crushed stone layer and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer are combined to form a grid.
[0016] Furthermore, the base water collection and pressure relief crushed stone layer consists of a crushed stone backfill strip with a thickness of 40-50cm and a width of 2-4m.
[0017] Furthermore, the grid spacing formed by the transverse base pressure balance crushed stone layer and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer is 7-10 meters, and both the transverse base pressure balance crushed stone layer and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer are composed of crushed stone layers with a thickness and width of 300-500 mm.
[0018] The beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0019] The structure provided by this utility model can control the water head pressure at the foundation of buildings in deep fill slope areas within the range of 2-3 meters, while reducing the soil pressure on the basement, improving the safety of the building structure, and is not affected by surface precipitation. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in a deep fill slope area, as described in an embodiment of this utility model.
[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the image;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the groundwater level control unit at the base in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0023] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Basement; 2. Outdoor ground level; 3. Excavation pit sidewall; 4. Groundwater drainage hole; 5. Three-dimensional drainage board on the excavation pit sidewall; 6. First-floor drainage gravel; 7. First-floor drainage blind pipe; 8. Clay waterproof layer; 9. Polymer isolation membrane; 10. Weathered sand backfill area; 11. Bottom-floor drainage blind pipe; 12. Bottom-floor drainage gravel; 13. Foundation water collection and pressure relief gravel layer; 14. Lateral foundation pressure balance gravel layer; 15. Vertical foundation pressure balance gravel layer; 16. Groundwater level during the exploration period; 17. Water level control line after drainage; 18. Lowest point of the outdoor ground level. Detailed Implementation
[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.
[0025] Conversely, this utility model encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this utility model as defined in the claims. Furthermore, to provide the public with a better understanding of this utility model, certain specific details are described in detail in the following description. However, those skilled in the art will fully understand this utility model even without these detailed descriptions.
[0026] This utility model provides a structural embodiment for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in a deep fill slope area. The structure includes an external water level control unit for the basement sidewall; the external water level control unit for the basement sidewall includes a groundwater drainage subunit above the trough, a groundwater isolation layer for the trough, and a groundwater pressure control subunit at the bottom of the trough.
[0027] The underground water drainage sub-unit above the fertilizer trench includes: a concrete surface layer set on the surface of the pit sidewall 3, groundwater drainage holes 4, a three-dimensional drainage board 5 for the pit sidewall, and a first-layer drainage gravel layer 6; the groundwater drainage holes 4 are opened on the surface of the pit sidewall 3; the three-dimensional drainage board 5 for the pit sidewall is set at the lower part of the pit sidewall 3, the first-layer drainage gravel layer 6 is set at the upper part of the fertilizer trench, and the bottom of the three-dimensional drainage board 5 for the pit sidewall is also set at the upper part of the fertilizer trench; wherein, the three-dimensional drainage board 5 is a prefabricated filter drainage geotechnical structure, and the three-dimensional drainage board is composed of double-sided geotextile and a three-dimensional geogrid.
[0028] The groundwater isolation layer of the fertilizer pit is set at the bottom of the fertilizer pit and includes, from top to bottom, a clay water-proof layer 8 and a polymer isolation membrane 9. Specifically, the clay water-proof layer 8 is set below the first drainage gravel layer 6. The clay water-proof layer 8 is used to isolate the groundwater collected in the first drainage gravel layer 6 to prevent the groundwater from flowing to the foundation. The polymer isolation membrane 9 is used to provide a safety reserve for groundwater isolation and at the same time to prevent the loss of fine particles in the clay water-proof layer 8.
[0029] The groundwater pressure control subunit at the bottom of the drainage trench includes a bottom drainage gravel 12 and a bottom drainage blind pipe 11 installed in the bottom drainage gravel 12; the bottom drainage gravel 12 is located below the polymer isolation membrane 9. The bottom drainage gravel 12 is used to collect groundwater infiltrating from the foundation, and then the bottom drainage blind pipe 11 controls the groundwater at a lower elevation and quickly discharges it from the building area.
[0030] In this embodiment, a first-floor drainage blind pipe 7 is installed in the first-floor drainage gravel layer 6; the first-floor drainage blind pipe 7 is used to drain the water in the first-floor drainage gravel layer 6 to outside the basement area. Specifically, the functions of each part in the upper groundwater drainage subunit of the pit are as follows: the groundwater drainage hole 4 is used to guide the groundwater behind the pit sidewall 3 to the surface of the pit sidewall; the three-dimensional drainage plate 5 of the pit sidewall is used to collect the groundwater on the surface of the pit sidewall and guide the groundwater to the first-floor drainage gravel layer 6; specifically, the bottom of the three-dimensional drainage plate 5 of the pit sidewall is in contact with the first-floor drainage gravel layer 6, or is located on the upper part of the first-floor drainage gravel layer 6. The first-floor drainage blind pipe 7 drains the water in the first-floor drainage gravel layer 6 to outside the basement area.
[0031] In this embodiment, the groundwater drainage holes 4 are evenly distributed on the surface of the foundation pit sidewall 3. The diameter of the groundwater drainage holes 4 is 10-15cm, and the density is 1-3 holes / m. 2 .
[0032] In this embodiment, the groundwater pressure control subunit at the bottom of the fertilizer tank also includes a weathered sand backfill area 10. The weathered sand backfill area 10 is located in the remaining space after the construction of the polymer isolation membrane 9 and the bottom drainage gravel 12. The weathered sand backfill area 10 is used to collect groundwater and reduce construction costs.
[0033] In this embodiment, the structure further includes a basement groundwater level control unit;
[0034] The foundation groundwater level control unit includes a foundation water collection and pressure relief gravel layer 13, a transverse foundation pressure balance gravel layer 14, and a vertical foundation pressure balance gravel layer 15.
[0035] The water-collecting and pressure-relief crushed stone layer 13 of the base is located in the water-facing direction of the base;
[0036] The transverse base pressure balancing crushed stone layer 14 and the vertical base pressure balancing crushed stone layer 15 are disposed at the lower part of the base; the transverse base pressure balancing crushed stone layer 14 and the vertical base pressure balancing crushed stone layer 15 are combined to form a grid.
[0037] Specifically, the base water collection and pressure relief crushed stone layer 13 is set on the base and at a higher position (i.e., in the water-facing direction) of the corresponding outdoor ground level; the base water collection and pressure relief crushed stone layer 13 is used to balance the groundwater pressure from above and avoid abnormal water pressure.
[0038] In this embodiment, the base water collection and pressure relief crushed stone layer 13 is composed of a crushed stone backfill strip with a thickness of 40-50cm and a width of 2-4m.
[0039] In this embodiment, the spacing between the grid formed by the transverse base pressure balance crushed stone layer 14 and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer 15 is 7-10 meters, and both the transverse base pressure balance crushed stone layer 14 and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer 15 are composed of crushed stone layers with a thickness and width of 300-500 mm.
[0040] The basement groundwater level control unit is used to ensure that the basement's anti-buoyancy water pressure is stable and uniform; a certain width of basement water collection and pressure relief crushed stone layer is set in the water-facing direction of the basement and is connected to the transverse basement pressure balance crushed stone layer and the vertical basement pressure balance crushed stone layer to form a basement water pressure control structure.
[0041] In this invention, the external water level control unit of the basement sidewall and the groundwater level control unit of the foundation work together to control the water level of the upper groundwater in the trench, forming a funnel-shaped groundwater level line that is lower than that of conventional groundwater. When the water level drops, the water and soil pressure drop on the basement sidewall is significant if no measures are taken; for example, if the water head drops by 5 meters, the water pressure on the basement sidewall decreases by 125 kPa. The foundation water head can be reduced from more than ten meters to 3 meters. After the foundation water head is reduced, anti-buoyancy piles or anti-buoyancy anchors and other anti-buoyancy structures are no longer required.
[0042] When the difference in elevation between the outdoor ground level of a building is large and it consists of fill, such as Figure 1As shown, the difference in elevation between the lowest point 18 and the highest point of the outdoor ground level 2 of basement 1 is significant. Due to factors such as soil permeability and rainfall, the groundwater level will change with the surface elevation, forming a groundwater level line 16 during the exploration period. This results in a significant difference in the buoyancy of the basement foundation, exhibiting the characteristic of a higher anti-buoyancy water level at higher ground levels. The side with the lower ground level can meet the anti-buoyancy requirements with the building's own weight, while the side with the higher ground level has a higher anti-buoyancy water head and requires anti-buoyancy measures, such as anti-buoyancy anchor piles. To achieve the goal of eliminating anti-buoyancy piles, this utility model adopts drainage measures on the sidewall of the foundation pit, setting a shotcrete surface layer, groundwater drainage holes 4, and a three-dimensional drainage board 5 on the sidewall of the foundation pit 3. Groundwater behind the sidewall of the foundation pit flows into the sidewall of the foundation pit through the groundwater drainage holes 4, and is then collected and guided by the three-dimensional drainage board 5 to the first-floor drainage gravel layer 6. A first-level drainage gravel layer 6 surrounds the foundation pit and is located on top of the trench. This allows groundwater collected by the three-dimensional drainage board 5 on the sidewalls of the foundation pit to be quickly drained outside the basement area. These measures control the accumulation of groundwater within the trench and prevent increased soil pressure on the foundation pit caused by rising water levels.
[0043] At the bottom of the foundation pit, from top to bottom, a clay waterproof layer 8, a polymer isolation membrane 9, and a bottom drainage gravel layer 12 are installed. The clay waterproof layer 8 isolates the groundwater collected above, preventing it from flowing to the foundation. The polymer isolation membrane 9 provides a safety reserve for groundwater isolation while preventing the loss of fine particles from the clay waterproof layer 8. The bottom drainage gravel layer 12 collects groundwater that seeps into the foundation, and then the groundwater is controlled at a lower elevation and quickly discharged from the building area by the bottom drainage blind pipe 11. The weathered sand backfill area 10 is used to fill the remaining space after the construction of the clay waterproof layer 8, polymer isolation membrane 9, and bottom drainage gravel layer 12 in the foundation pit, thereby collecting groundwater and reducing construction costs.
[0044] Due to variations in groundwater permeability within the backfill area, there may be locations with uneven water pressure below the foundation slab. Therefore, a foundation water-collecting and pressure-relief crushed stone layer 13 and a foundation pressure-balancing crushed stone layer (including a transverse foundation pressure-balancing crushed stone layer and a vertical foundation pressure-balancing crushed stone layer) are installed at the base, where the outdoor ground level is higher. This layer balances the groundwater pressure from above, preventing abnormal water pressure. The foundation water-collecting and pressure-relief crushed stone layer 13 consists of a 50cm thick and 2-4m wide crushed stone backfill strip. The transverse foundation pressure-balancing crushed stone layer 14, combined with the vertical foundation pressure-balancing crushed stone layer 15, forms a grid with a spacing of 7-10 meters. This grid consists of crushed stone layers with a thickness and width of 500mm and is located below the foundation. The base pressure balancing crushed stone layer 14, the vertical base pressure balancing crushed stone layer 15, and the base water collection and pressure relief crushed stone layer 13 are networked together, which can effectively control the base water pressure below 3 meters water head, form a water level control line 17 after drainage, and thus achieve the goal of eliminating the anti-buoyancy pile.
[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral soil and water pressure in deep fill slope areas, characterized in that, The structure includes an external water level control unit for the basement sidewall; the external water level control unit for the basement sidewall includes an upper groundwater drainage subunit for the fertilizer tank, a groundwater isolation layer for the fertilizer tank, and a groundwater pressure control subunit for the bottom of the fertilizer tank. The underground water drainage sub-unit above the fertilizer tank includes: a concrete surface layer set on the surface of the pit sidewall (3), an underground water drainage hole (4), a three-dimensional drainage board (5) on the pit sidewall, and a first-layer drainage gravel layer (6); the underground water drainage hole (4) is opened on the surface of the pit sidewall (3); the three-dimensional drainage board (5) on the pit sidewall is set at the lower part of the pit sidewall (3), the first-layer drainage gravel layer (6) is set at the upper part of the fertilizer tank, and the bottom of the three-dimensional drainage board (5) on the pit sidewall is also set at the upper part of the fertilizer tank; The groundwater isolation layer of the fertilizer pit is set at the bottom of the fertilizer pit and includes, from top to bottom, a clay water-proof layer (8) and a polymer isolation membrane (9). The groundwater pressure control subunit at the bottom of the fertilizer tank includes bottom drainage gravel (12) and bottom drainage blind pipe (11) set in the bottom drainage gravel (12); the bottom drainage gravel (12) is set below the polymer isolation membrane (9).
2. The structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral soil and water pressure in a deep fill slope area according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first-floor drainage blind pipe (7) is installed in the first-floor drainage gravel layer (6); the first-floor drainage blind pipe (7) is used to drain the first-floor drainage gravel layer (6) to the outside of the basement.
3. The structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in a deep fill slope area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groundwater drainage holes (4) are evenly distributed on the surface of the pit sidewall (3). The diameter of the groundwater drainage holes (4) is 10-15cm, and the density is 1-3 holes / m. 2 .
4. The structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in a deep fill slope area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groundwater pressure control subunit at the bottom of the fertilizer tank also includes a weathered sand backfill area (10), which is set in the remaining space after the construction of the polymer isolation membrane (9) and the bottom drainage gravel (12).
5. The structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in a deep fill slope area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structure also includes a basement groundwater level control unit; The basement groundwater level control unit includes a basement water collection and pressure relief gravel layer (13), a transverse basement pressure balance gravel layer (14), and a vertical basement pressure balance gravel layer (15). The water-collecting and pressure-relief crushed stone layer (13) of the base is set in the water-facing direction of the base; The transverse base pressure balance crushed stone layer (14) and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer (15) are disposed at the lower part of the base; the transverse base pressure balance crushed stone layer (14) and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer (15) are combined to form a grid.
6. The structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in a deep fill slope area according to claim 5, characterized in that, The base water collection and pressure relief crushed stone layer (13) consists of a crushed stone backfill strip with a thickness of 40-50cm and a width of 2-4m.
7. The structure for controlling water pressure on the bottom slab and reducing lateral water and soil pressure in a deep fill slope area according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spacing between the grid formed by the horizontal base pressure balance crushed stone layer (14) and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer (15) is 7-10 meters. Both the horizontal base pressure balance crushed stone layer (14) and the vertical base pressure balance crushed stone layer (15) are composed of crushed stone layers with a thickness and width of 300-500 mm.