A dual waterproofing and crack resistant rigid roof structure
By setting an isolation layer and compartmentalized joint design on the waterproof membrane, combined with the double waterproof layer and compartmentalized joint structure, the problems of easy cracking of waterproof membrane and concrete cracking are solved, achieving double waterproofing and crack resistance, and improving the waterproof performance and durability of the roof.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUNAN NO 4 ENG CO
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, waterproof membranes are prone to leakage due to cracking, aging of the waterproof layer, or construction defects. Fine stone concrete protective layers are prone to cracking due to temperature stress, which can tear the waterproof membrane. Furthermore, poor construction of compartment joints can easily lead to damage to the edges and corners, affecting the appearance and waterproof performance.
The structure employs a double waterproof layer, including a waterproof coating layer and a waterproof membrane layer, with an isolation layer on the waterproof membrane. The fine stone concrete protective layer is divided into independent compartments by compartment joints. The compartment joints are formed using materials such as stainless steel strips and foam rods, combined with bidirectional steel mesh and radial reinforcement to disperse stress and prevent adhesion and cracking.
It achieves a dual waterproofing effect, preventing the waterproofing material from cracking, ensuring the integrity of the waterproofing system and the coordination of deformation between materials, inhibiting early shrinkage cracks and temperature stress cracks in concrete, and improving the crack resistance and durability of the roof.
Smart Images
Figure CN224314477U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure. Background Technology
[0002] The National Building Standard Design Atlas "Construction of Flat Roofs" (12J201) stipulates that the waterproofing layer for waterproof roofs made of rolled or coated materials generally uses waterproof rolled materials or waterproof coatings. When a fine aggregate concrete protective layer is used, the usual practice is to use a 40mm thick C20 fine aggregate concrete protective layer. The fine aggregate concrete protective layer is generally divided into longitudinal and transverse sections at 6m x 6m intervals and reinforced with φ4~φ6 bidirectional @150 steel mesh.
[0003] This approach has certain drawbacks. First, the roof waterproofing uses only waterproof membrane or waterproof coating as the waterproofing layer, which is a single form of waterproofing and is prone to leakage due to cracking, aging of the waterproofing layer, or construction defects.
[0004] Secondly, although the rigid protective layer of fine aggregate concrete is reinforced with φ4~φ6 bidirectional @150 steel mesh and longitudinal and transverse compartment joints are set at 6m×6m, the large concrete area and untimely release of temperature stress still easily lead to cracking of the concrete surface. In addition, compartment joints are usually made by pre-embedded foam strips, which are removed and filled with sealant after the concrete has set. However, during construction, the foam strips are often not firmly fixed or the concrete is not properly vibrated, resulting in damage to the corners of the compartment joints and uneven lines. This not only affects the appearance quality but may also lead to potential leakage.
[0005] More importantly, the fine aggregate concrete protective layer is poured directly onto the waterproof membrane, causing the concrete to bond with the waterproof layer. When the fine aggregate concrete protective layer cracks due to temperature shrinkage stress, it can easily tear the underlying waterproof membrane, creating a leakage channel. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure, which improves waterproof performance and achieves the effects of preventing cracking, preventing adhesion, and preventing tearing of waterproof membrane.
[0007] The technical solution of this utility model is: a double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure, comprising, from bottom to top, a structural slab, a first leveling layer, a waterproof coating layer, an extruded polystyrene board insulation layer, a cushion layer, a second leveling layer, a waterproof membrane layer, an isolation layer, and a fine stone concrete protective layer; several independent compartments are formed on the fine stone concrete protective layer through compartment joints, the compartment joints comprising, from bottom to top, fine sand, foam rods, and weather-resistant adhesive, and stainless steel strips are also provided in the compartment joints, the stainless steel strips being embedded in the surface of the fine stone concrete protective layer forming the compartment joints, and the stainless steel strips being located at the external corners of the compartment joints.
[0008] Preferably, the stainless steel strip includes a vertical edge and horizontal edges vertically connected to both ends of the vertical edge, the two horizontal edges are embedded in the fine aggregate concrete protective layer, and the vertical edge is placed between the weather-resistant adhesive, the foam rod and the fine aggregate concrete protective layer.
[0009] Preferably, the horizontal edge at the upper end is flush with the upper surface of the fine aggregate concrete protective layer.
[0010] Preferably, a parapet wall is installed on one side of the double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure, and an expansion joint is provided between the fine stone concrete protective layer and the parapet wall. The width of the expansion joint is controlled between 20mm and 30mm.
[0011] Preferably, the isolation layer is a polyethylene plastic film; the waterproof membrane is a modified bitumen polyester membrane.
[0012] Preferably, a two-way steel mesh is provided inside the fine aggregate concrete protective layer, and the two-way steel mesh is located in the middle of the thickness direction of the fine aggregate concrete protective layer; radial reinforcement is provided at the four corners of the fine aggregate concrete protective layer of each block.
[0013] Preferably, the width of the compartment gap is 10mm to 20mm.
[0014] Preferably, the fine aggregate concrete protective layer is divided into 2m-3m × 2m-3m blocks by compartment joints.
[0015] Compared with related technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0016] I. This utility model features a two-layer waterproof structure consisting of a coating waterproof layer and a roll waterproof layer, achieving a double waterproof effect and improving waterproof performance;
[0017] II. This utility model sets a dry-laying isolation layer on the waterproof membrane, which physically separates the waterproof membrane from the fine stone concrete protective layer, so that the subsequently poured fine stone concrete protective layer forms a non-adhesive interface with the lower waterproof membrane, effectively eliminating the shear stress caused by the shrinkage and deformation of concrete, and preventing the waterproof material from being torn and damaged.
[0018] Third, the structural design of this utility model not only ensures the integrity of the waterproof system, but also achieves deformation coordination between different material layers.
[0019] IV. This utility model achieves the zoned release and centralized control of concrete shrinkage stress by unitizing the fine stone concrete protective layer into sections according to a preset module, thereby significantly inhibiting the generation of early plastic shrinkage cracks and temperature stress cracks in the surface concrete. The section joints are formed in one step. By scientifically dividing the pouring units, the internal stress distribution of the concrete is optimized. At the same time, radial reinforcement is configured at the four corners of each section of the fine stone concrete protective layer to avoid excessive stress concentration at the corners, effectively improving the crack resistance and durability of the roof surface layer.
[0020] V. This utility model lays a 20mm thick layer of fine sand at the bottom of the compartment joint as a drainage channel, fills the middle with a 20mm thick layer of closed-cell foam rod as a buffer layer, and seals the top with neutral silicone weather-resistant sealant. This structure can remove free water inside the concrete in time through the capillary drainage effect of the fine sand. The external corner of the compartment joint is edged with stainless steel, which makes the lines straight and beautiful, and the corners are not easily damaged and are durable. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of the dual waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure provided by this utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the compartmentalized seam structure.
[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the compartmentalization and reinforcement of the fine aggregate concrete protective layer;
[0024] In the attached diagram: 1. Structural slab; 2. First leveling layer; 3. Waterproof coating layer; 4. Extruded polystyrene board insulation layer; 5. Subbase layer; 6. Second leveling layer; 7. Waterproof membrane layer; 8. Isolation layer; 9. Fine aggregate concrete protective layer; 10. Expansion joint; 11. Compartment joint; 111. Fine sand; 112. Foam rod; 113. Weather-resistant adhesive; 114. Stainless steel strip; 1141. Horizontal edge; 1142. Vertical edge; 12. Parapet wall; 13. Two-way steel mesh; 14. Radial reinforcement. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. For ease of description, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" appearing below only indicate that they correspond to the upper, lower, left, and right directions in the accompanying drawings and do not limit the structure.
[0026] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure comprising, from bottom to top, a structural slab 1, a first leveling layer 2, a waterproof coating layer 3, an extruded polystyrene board insulation layer 4, a subbase layer 5, a second leveling layer 6, a waterproof membrane layer 7, an isolation layer 8, and a fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9. The isolation layer 8 is a polyethylene plastic film; the waterproof membrane 7 is a modified bitumen polyester substrate.
[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, several independent compartments, each 2m to 3m × 2m to 3m in size, are formed on the fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9 through compartment joints 11. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the width of the compartment joint (11) is 10mm to 20mm. The compartment joint 11 includes fine sand 111, foam rod 112 and weather-resistant adhesive 113 arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The compartment joint 11 is also provided with a stainless steel strip 114. The stainless steel strip 114 is embedded in the surface of the fine stone concrete protective layer 9 forming the compartment joint 11, and the stainless steel strip 114 is located at the external corner of the compartment joint 11.
[0028] The stainless steel strip 114 includes a vertical edge 1142 and horizontal edges 1141 perpendicularly connected to both ends of the vertical edge 1142. The two horizontal edges 1141 are embedded in the fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9, and the vertical edge 1142 is positioned between the weather-resistant adhesive 113, the foam rod 112, and the fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9. The upper horizontal edge 1141 is flush with the upper surface of the fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9.
[0029] A parapet wall 12 is installed on one side of the double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure. An expansion joint 10 is provided between the fine stone concrete protective layer 9 and the parapet wall 12. The width of the expansion joint 10 is controlled between 20mm and 30mm.
[0030] The construction method for the aforementioned double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure includes the following steps:
[0031] Step 1, Construction of structural slab 1: Lay steel bars on the roof and then pour concrete to form structural slab 1;
[0032] Step 2, Surface treatment: After the structural panel 1 has cured, a thorough cleaning is carried out to remove loose materials, dust and contaminants from the surface, ensuring that the base surface is clean, dry and flat;
[0033] Step 3, Leveling layer treatment: According to the design requirements, DS mortar is used to level the structural slab 1 with a thickness of 20mm and the flatness deviation is controlled within 3mm. The internal and external corners are rounded to form the first leveling layer 2.
[0034] Step 4, Apply waterproof coating: Mechanically stir the high-strength water-based polymer asphalt waterproof coating evenly according to the product ratio, first reinforce the joints, and then apply it to the large surface using the "cross method" to evenly coat it on the first leveling layer 2 to form the waterproof coating layer 3.
[0035] Step 5, Construction of the insulation layer: After the waterproof coating layer 3 has cured, lay an 80mm thick B1 grade extruded polystyrene board 4 using a non-penetrating bonding method;
[0036] Step 6, Slope Formation: Perform slope formation on the roof after completing Step 4 until the roof drainage requirements are met to ensure smooth roof drainage.
[0037] Step 7, Leveling treatment: Use DS mortar to level the roof, with a thickness of 20mm and a flatness deviation controlled within 3mm. Round off the inside and outside corners to form a subbase layer 5.
[0038] Step 8, Applying the Waterproof Membrane: Lay the first 3mm thick membrane using a hot-melt or self-adhesive method. The first layer consists of multiple overlapping pieces, with long-side overlaps ≥80mm and short-side overlaps ≥100mm. During hot-melt application, heat evenly until the asphalt melts, then compact using a pressure roller to remove air bubbles. After the first layer passes inspection, lay the second layer on top. The second layer consists of multiple joined pieces, with the overlaps of the first and second layers staggered (long-side staggered by 1 / 3 of the width, short-side staggered by ≥500mm). Fully adhere the second 3mm thick membrane, sealing the overlaps with hot-melt to ensure no curling or air pockets. Seal the overlaps and joints with sealant, and apply a reinforcing layer at pipe roots and other areas to ultimately form the waterproof membrane 7.
[0039] Step 9, Waterproofing Test: Conduct a waterproofing test on the roof using a water tightness test or a water spray test. The test duration should be adjusted according to the test method.
[0040] Step 10: Constructing the isolation layer: Fully cover with polyethylene plastic film to form an isolation layer 8;
[0041] Step 11: Constructing the fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9:
[0042] Step 11.1: Before construction, based on the design drawings and actual site conditions, optimize the roof's watershed, gutters, and slope. Further refine the roof's unitized joint layout design, dividing the roof into several unitized blocks with an area no larger than 2m-3m × 2m-3m, leaving joints between each block. The joint width is 10-20mm. An expansion joint 10 is provided between the fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9 and the parapet wall 12 flashing.
[0043] Step 11.2: According to the planned blocks, each block is poured with concrete separately. Each block uses channel steel as a formwork, and then a release agent is brushed on the surface of the formwork before use.
[0044] Step 11.3, as follows Figure 3 As shown, each compartment is equipped with a bidirectional steel mesh 13 of Φ4~Φ6@200. The bidirectional steel mesh 13 should be located in the middle of the thickness direction, and the bottom protective layer thickness should be ≥15mm. Φ6 radial reinforcement 14 (length ≥800mm, spacing ≤100mm, arranged at 45°) is added to the four corner areas of each compartment to avoid excessive stress concentration at the corners and prevent corner cracking.
[0045] Step 11.4: Concrete within a single compartment should be poured continuously without construction joints. The concrete should be leveled with an aluminum trowel and compacted with a plate vibrator until it is dense and the surface laitance no longer settles. The concrete surface should be smoothed and compacted using a hand-held vibratory ruler, then leveled with an aluminum alloy strip. After the concrete has slightly dried, it should be compacted twice with a trowel, ensuring no areas are missed, and this compaction should continue after the cement has fully set. Finally, it should be finely ground and smoothed with a grinder. Corners and the area around compartment joints should be manually smoothed until the surface is clean and flat.
[0046] Step 11.5: After the fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9 is poured, immediately embed stainless steel strips 114 along the channel steel. After the concrete has initially set but before final setting, remove the channel steel formwork. The two sides of the compartment joint 11 should be straight, flat, and dense. 12-24 hours after the fine aggregate concrete protective layer 9 is poured, cover and water it for curing for no less than 14 days.
[0047] Step 11.6: Clean the compartment joint 11, ensuring it is dry. Fill the bottom of the compartment joint 11 with 2cm of fine sand 111, and insert a 2cm foam rod 112 on top of the fine sand 111. Seal the joint with neutral silicone weather-resistant sealant 113. The sealant height should be 1-2mm lower than the surface concrete.
[0048] This invention utilizes the crack control principle of "combining resistance and release, with release as the main focus," and combines comprehensive technical measures such as material selection, structural optimization, and construction control to achieve a balance between the deformation capacity and sealing performance of the compartment joints, effectively suppressing early shrinkage cracks in the concrete surface layer and leakage around the compartment joints.
[0049] This utility model provides a rigid roof structure with double waterproofing and crack resistance. The rigid roof structure with double waterproofing and crack resistance includes a structural layer, a waterproof layer (waterproof coating) connected to the outside of the structural layer, an insulation layer fixedly connected to the outer wall of the waterproof layer, a slope layer and a leveling layer outside the insulation layer, a waterproof layer (waterproof membrane) connected to the outside of the leveling layer, an isolation layer on the waterproof membrane, and a fine stone concrete protective layer connected to the isolation layer.
[0050] In this utility model, two waterproofing measures, namely waterproof coating and waterproof membrane, are set up to improve waterproofing performance. An isolation layer is set on the waterproof layer to physically separate the waterproof membrane and the fine stone concrete protective layer, so as to achieve the effect of sliding, preventing sticking, and preventing the membrane from cracking.
[0051] In this invention, the fine aggregate concrete roof is constructed by dividing it into independent blocks of 2m-3m × 2m-3m using partition joints. This reduces concrete shrinkage and deformation, ensuring the integrity of the roof while effectively suppressing cracking. Additionally, radial reinforcement bars are installed at the four corners of each block to disperse stress concentration at the corners, significantly enhancing the crack resistance and durability of the roof surface.
[0052] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A double-waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure, characterized in that, The double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure includes, from bottom to top, a structural slab (1), a first leveling layer (2), a waterproof coating layer (3), an extruded polystyrene board insulation layer (4), a cushion layer (5), a second leveling layer (6), a waterproof membrane layer (7), an isolation layer (8), and a fine stone concrete protective layer (9). Several independent compartments are formed on the fine stone concrete protective layer (9) through compartment joints (11). The compartment joints (11) include, from bottom to top, fine sand (111), foam rods (112), and weather-resistant adhesive (113). Stainless steel strips (114) are also provided in the compartment joints (11). The stainless steel strips (114) are embedded in the external corners of the compartment joints (11) formed by the fine stone concrete protective layer (9).
2. The double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stainless steel strip (114) includes a vertical edge (1142) and horizontal edges (1141) vertically connected to both ends of the vertical edge (1142). The two horizontal edges (1141) are embedded in the fine stone concrete protective layer (9). The vertical edge (1142) is placed between the weather-resistant adhesive (113), the foam rod (112) and the fine stone concrete protective layer (9).
3. The double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontal edge (1141) located at the upper end is flush with the upper surface of the fine stone concrete protective layer (9).
4. The double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A parapet wall (12) is installed on one side of the double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure, and an expansion joint (10) is provided between the fine stone concrete protective layer (9) and the parapet wall (12).
5. The double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation layer (8) is a polyethylene plastic film; the waterproof membrane (7) is a modified asphalt polyester membrane.
6. The double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fine stone concrete protective layer (9) is provided with a two-way steel mesh (13), which is located in the middle of the thickness direction of the fine stone concrete protective layer (9); radial reinforcement (14) is provided at the four corners of the fine stone concrete protective layer (9) of each block.
7. The double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the compartmentalized seam (11) is 10mm to 20mm.
8. The double waterproof and crack-resistant rigid roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fine stone concrete protective layer (9) is divided into 2m-3m×2m-3m blocks by the compartment joints (11).