A test device and test system for mechanical properties of an elastic bearing
By using a simplified elastic bearing testing device with symmetrical assembly and axial compression unit, the problems of complexity and high cost of existing devices are solved, and efficient and accurate mechanical performance testing of elastic bearings is achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HARBIN UNITED AIRCRAFT TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing mechanical performance testing devices for elastic bearings are complex in structure, large in size, costly, and have cumbersome testing procedures, making them difficult to apply widely.
A test device including mounting components, a bending moment loading unit, and an axial compression unit was designed. The axial load is adjusted by symmetrically assembling elastic bearings and using a rotating shaft and clamping bolts, and stability is maintained by a limiting unit, which simplifies the test process.
It improves the accuracy and reliability of test data, reduces the complexity and cost of equipment, increases test efficiency, and facilitates popularization and implementation.
Smart Images
Figure CN224317308U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of elastic bearing performance testing technology, and to a test device and test system for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings. Background Technology
[0002] Flexible bearings are one of the three major technologies in third-generation rotor systems and are a crucial component of the rotor system. Their stiffness characteristics and quality are critical to helicopter safety and directly affect the helicopter's weight. The stiffness characteristics of flexible bearings are one of the most important properties for evaluating them, therefore, precise testing is necessary.
[0003] Because elastomeric bearings need to simultaneously bear axial centrifugal force, flapping moment, and oscillation moment during helicopter flight, the current devices used to test the bending stiffness and fatigue life of elastomeric bearings typically apply axial pressure, bending moment, torque, and other directional force loads to the elastomeric bearings. Although such devices can provide relatively comprehensive loading forces, they have problems such as complex device structure, large equipment size, high cost, and cumbersome test procedures, making it difficult to achieve widespread construction and application. Utility Model Content
[0004] Based on the above analysis, this utility model aims to provide a testing device and system for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings, so as to solve the problems of complex structure, large size, high cost and cumbersome testing process of the testing device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings.
[0005] The purpose of this utility model is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions.
[0006] The first aspect of this utility model provides a testing device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings, including a mounting component, a bending moment loading unit, and an axial compression unit. The two ends of the mounting component are respectively used to connect the inner ring ends of two elastic bearings, thereby symmetrically assembling the two elastic bearings on the mounting component and coinciding the centers of the metal spacers of the two elastic bearings. The bending moment loading unit includes a rotating shaft, the axis of which intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the two elastic bearings, and one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting component. The axial compression unit is used to apply a bidirectional axial static compressive load to the outer ring ends of the two elastic bearings.
[0007] Furthermore, the axial compression unit includes clamping bolts, and the axial static compressive load applied to the two elastic bearings can be adjusted by adjusting the tightening force of the clamping bolts.
[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a limiting unit, which can keep the position of the elastic bearing stable during the test and can match the distance changes between the two elastic bearings.
[0009] Furthermore, the limiting unit includes a fixed base and a limiting component; the fixed base includes a limiting groove, and the limiting component includes a clamping plate, the two ends of which are located within the limiting groove, and the length of the limiting groove is greater than the width of the clamping plate.
[0010] Furthermore, the two sets of clamping plates are arranged parallel to the rotating shaft and are used to clamp the two sides of the outer ring ends of the two elastic bearings respectively.
[0011] Furthermore, the axial compression unit also includes a first pressure plate and a second pressure plate, which are parallel to each other and connected by a clamping bolt. The first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are used to press the end faces of the outer ring ends of the two elastic bearings respectively.
[0012] Furthermore, the mounting component has protrusions at both ends, and the two sides of the protrusions are transitionally fitted with the two sides of the straight groove on the inner ring end of the elastic bearing.
[0013] Furthermore, the bending moment loading unit also includes a transition piece, and one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting piece through the transition piece.
[0014] Furthermore, the transition piece includes a groove that matches the outer surface of the mounting piece, the mounting piece being located within the groove and fixedly connected to the transition piece by bolts.
[0015] The second aspect of this utility model provides a test system for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings, including a control system, a power source, and a test device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to the first aspect of this utility model; the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power source, and the control system can control the rotation angle and frequency of the output shaft of the power source.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:
[0017] 1. The experimental device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings of this utility model, by symmetrically assembling two elastic bearings on the mounting part with the centers of the metal spacers coinciding, enables the inner ring end to rotate even when the elastic bearing is subjected to axial compressive load. On the other hand, it also prevents the shaft from deforming due to radial load when applying axial load to the elastic bearing, thus avoiding affecting the accuracy of applying bending moment load to the elastic bearing, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test data.
[0018] 2. The test device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings of this utility model applies axial static compressive load to the elastic bearing by using an axial compression unit, which avoids applying centrifugal load to the elastic bearing by using a separate power source. This greatly reduces the complexity and cost of the test device and system, improves the reliability and efficiency of the test device, and is conducive to the popularization and implementation of the test.
[0019] 3. The test device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings of this utility model has a structure for adjusting the locking force by setting a clamping bolt, which can conveniently adjust the applied axial compressive load, making it easy to operate, providing accurate data, and offering high flexibility.
[0020] 4. The test device for the mechanical properties of the elastic bearing of this utility model, by setting the length of the limiting groove 411 to be greater than the width of the clamping plate, can provide sufficient displacement space when the distance between the two pairs of clamping plates changes, thereby realizing that the axis of the rotating shaft can always be coincident with the axis of the power source shaft.
[0021] 5. The testing device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings of this utility model, by separating the mounting component from the rotating shaft, allows for testing of elastic bearings of different specifications by simply replacing the mounting component, effectively reducing the cost of the device and the test.
[0022] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the embodiments described and the accompanying drawings, which are particularly pointed out. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test device for the mechanical properties of the elastic bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the elastic bearing and the mounting component according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0025] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the test device for the mechanical properties of the elastic bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0026] Figure label:
[0027] 1-Installation component; 11-Protrusion; 2-Bending moment loading unit; 21-Rotating shaft; 22-Transition component; 221-Groove; 222-Second fixing bolt; 3-Axial compression unit; 31-Clamping bolt; 32-First pressure plate; 33-Second pressure plate; 4-Limiting unit; 41-Fixing seat; 411-Limiting groove; 42-Limiting assembly; 421-Clamping plate; 422-First fixing bolt; 5-Elastic bearing; 51-Inner ring end; 52-Outer ring end. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0029] Example 1
[0030] This embodiment discloses a testing device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the assembly includes a mounting component 1, a bending moment loading unit 2, and an axial compression unit 3. The two ends of the mounting component 1 are respectively connected to the inner ring ends 51 of two elastic bearings 5, so that the two elastic bearings 5 are symmetrically assembled on the mounting component 1 and the centers of the metal spacers of the two elastic bearings 5 coincide. The bending moment loading unit 2 includes a rotating shaft 21, the axis of which intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the two elastic bearings 5, and one end of the rotating shaft 21 is fixedly connected to the mounting component 1. The axial compression unit 3 is used to apply a bidirectional axial static compressive load to the outer ring ends 52 of the two elastic bearings 5.
[0031] When conducting tests using the test apparatus of this embodiment, the elastic bearings 5 to be tested are first assembled with the test apparatus. During assembly, the two elastic bearings 5 are symmetrically mounted on the mounting component 1. Then, the bending moment loading unit 2 is fixedly connected to the mounting component 1. Next, the axial compression unit 3 is fixedly connected to the outer ring ends 52 of the two elastic bearings 5. Finally, the test apparatus needs to be fixed. During testing, the test apparatus of this embodiment only needs to be connected to one power source, and the output shaft of the power source is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft 21. Since one end of the rotating shaft 21 is fixedly connected to the mounting component 1 and the axis of the rotating shaft 21 intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the two elastic bearings 5, the rotating shaft 21 can transmit the power of the output shaft of the power source to the inner ring ends 51 of the two elastic bearings 5, causing the elastic bearings 5 to undergo shear deformation. Due to the presence of the metal spacer, this shear deformation is basically consistent with the bending deformation of the elastic bearing, thereby applying the bending moment load required for the test to the elastic bearings 5. Since the axial compression unit 3 simultaneously applies a bidirectional axial static compression load to the outer ring ends 52 of the two elastic bearings 5, it provides the axial centrifugal force load on the elastic bearings during the flight of the rotor system.
[0032] The test apparatus in this embodiment utilizes the principle that the axial centrifugal force experienced by the elastic bearing during rotor system flight is relatively small, and can be classified as a static load. Simultaneously, since the maximum torsional stress generated by the elastic bearing's torsional moment in the rubber layer is less than 1 / 3 of the maximum compressive stress and less than 1 / 10 of the maximum bending moment stress, it is evident that the elastic bearing is primarily subjected to bending and compressive loads. Therefore, in the actual measurement of the bending stiffness and fatigue life of the elastic bearing, the test apparatus only needs to apply bending and compressive loads to the elastic bearing.
[0033] The test apparatus for the mechanical properties of the elastic bearing in this embodiment employs two elastic bearings 5 symmetrically assembled on the mounting component 1 with the centers of the metal spacers coinciding. This allows the inner ring end 51 to rotate even when the elastic bearing 5 is subjected to axial compressive loads. Furthermore, it prevents the shaft 21 from deforming due to radial loads when applying axial loads to the elastic bearing 5, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the bending moment load applied. This embodiment also uses an axial compression unit 3 to apply an axial static compressive load to the elastic bearing 5, providing the centrifugal force load conditions experienced by the elastic bearing 5 during rotor rotation in flight. This allows the test apparatus to complete the test with only one power source, avoiding the need for a separate power source to apply centrifugal force loads to the elastic bearing 5. This significantly reduces the complexity and cost of the test apparatus and system, improves the reliability and efficiency of the test apparatus, and facilitates the widespread adoption and implementation of the test.
[0034] Considering that different types of elastic bearings and their working environments experience different centrifugal forces during actual operation, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the axial compression unit 3 in this embodiment includes a clamping bolt 31. The axial static compression load applied to the two elastic bearings 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the clamping force of the clamping bolt 31.
[0035] Preferred, such as Figure 3 As shown, the axial compression unit 3 also includes a first pressure plate 32 and a second pressure plate 33. The first pressure plate 32 and the second pressure plate 33 are parallel to each other and connected by a clamping bolt 31. The first pressure plate 32 and the second pressure plate 33 are used to press the end faces of the outer ring ends 52 of the two elastic bearings 5 respectively. The structure is simple and stable, and easy to assemble.
[0036] When applying an axial static compressive load, the clamping bolt 31 is tightened using a torque wrench. Based on the torque value displayed on the torque wrench and the thread parameters of the clamping bolt 31, the axial compressive load value applied to the elastic bearing 5 can be calculated. This method is convenient, provides accurate data, and offers high flexibility. Furthermore, since the location of the maximum stress of the torsional load coincides with the location of the maximum stress of the compressive load, the effect of the torsional load can be supplemented by increasing the axial compressive load during the static stiffness test of the elastic bearing 5. In this embodiment, by setting a structure for adjusting the locking force of the clamping bolt 31, the required axial compressive load can be easily increased to supplement the effect of the torsional load, thereby obtaining more accurate test results.
[0037] To make the test data more accurate, the test device in this embodiment also includes a limiting unit 4. The limiting unit 4 can keep the position of the elastic bearing stable during the test and can match the distance change between the two elastic bearings.
[0038] Preferred, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the limiting unit 4 includes a fixed base 41 and a limiting assembly 42. Four limiting grooves 411 are respectively provided on the supports on both sides of the fixed base 41. The limiting assembly 42 includes two sets of clamping plates 421 and a first fixing bolt 422. Each set of clamping plates 421 includes two clamping plates 421, each with bolt holes. The two ends of the clamping plates 421 are located within the limiting grooves 411 and arranged parallel to the rotating shaft 21. The length of the limiting groove 411 is greater than the width of the clamping plate 421, and the width of the limiting groove 411 matches the thickness of the clamping plate 421.
[0039] During assembly, two sets of clamping plates 421 are respectively clamped to the sides of the outer ring ends 52 of the two elastic bearings 5, and fixed to the two outer ring ends 52 by four first fixing bolts 422. Since the elastic bearings 5 have different specifications, if there is a gap between the mating surfaces of the elastic bearings 5 and the clamping plates 421, it is filled with thin shims to ensure the stability of the structure. After assembly, the inner sides of the two brackets of the fixing seat 41 need to be in contact with the sides of the first pressure plate 32 and the second pressure plate 33. At the same time, due to the limiting effect of the limiting groove 411 on the two sets of clamping plates 421, displacement of the elastic bearings 5 in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the elastic bearings 5 is prevented, thereby effectively limiting the outer ring ends 52 of the elastic bearings 5 and improving the stability and accuracy of the test process.
[0040] Since the length of the limiting groove 411 is greater than the width of the clamping plate 421, when different axial loads are applied to the elastic bearing 5 and the distance between the two pairs of clamping plates 421 changes, the length of the limiting groove 411 can provide sufficient displacement space for the two pairs of clamping plates 421, thereby ensuring that the axis of the rotating shaft 21 can always coincide with the axis of the power source shaft.
[0041] A preferred embodiment of this solution is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the mounting part 1 has protrusions 11 at both ends. The protrusions 11 and the straight groove of the inner ring end 51 are fixedly connected by transition fit, forming a groove key structure connection at both ends of the mounting part 1. This ensures that the bending moment load on the two elastic bearings is fully applied when the shaft 21 rotates, and also avoids damaging assembly of the elastic bearing 5.
[0042] Because the mounting part 1 and the elastic bearing 5 are assembled with a transition fit, the mounting part 1 needs to be precision machined. Furthermore, when testing elastic bearings 5 of different specifications, the matching mounting part 1 needs to be replaced. Therefore, in this embodiment, the bending moment loading unit 2 fixes one end of the rotating shaft 21 to the mounting part 1 through the transition part 22. When testing elastic bearings 5 of different specifications, only the mounting part 1 needs to be replaced, which can effectively reduce the cost of the device.
[0043] Preferred, such as Figure 3 As shown, the transition piece 22 includes a groove 221 that matches the outer surface of the mounting piece 1. The mounting piece 1 is located within the groove 221 and is fixedly connected to the transition piece 22 by a second bolt. During assembly, one end of the transition piece 22 is first fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 21 by screws or other connection methods, and then assembled with the mounting piece 1. It should be noted that the arrangement of the connecting holes on the mounting piece 1, the transition piece 22, and the rotating shaft 21 must ensure that the centerline of the rotating shaft 21 coincides with the center of the ball of the metal spacer of the elastic bearing 5 after assembly.
[0044] Example 2
[0045] This embodiment provides a test system for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings, including a control system, a power source, and the test device for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings as described in Embodiment 1.
[0046] In this embodiment of the test system, only one power source is set. Preferably, the power source includes a motor, and the other end of the rotating shaft 21 is fixedly connected to the coupling of the motor output shaft.
[0047] The test system for the mechanical properties of the elastic bearing in this embodiment can be used to test the static stiffness, dynamic stiffness, and fatigue life of the elastic bearing 5. During the test, the rotation angle and frequency of the power source output shaft are set by the control system, and the rotation angle and corresponding torque of the power source output shaft are recorded and processed by the control system to obtain the bending stiffness of the elastic bearing 5. In the dynamic stiffness and fatigue life test of the elastic bearing, the stress generated by the torque can be replaced by directly increasing the bending moment, so that the test results take into account the effect of torsional load.
[0048] The test system for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings in this embodiment has a simple and stable structure, which improves test efficiency and the reliability of test results, reduces production and testing costs, and is conducive to popularization and promotion.
[0049] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model, but the scope of protection of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.
Claims
1. A testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of an elastic bearing, characterized in that, It includes an installation component (1), a bending moment loading unit (2), and an axial compression unit (3); The two ends of the mounting component (1) are used to connect the inner ring ends of the two elastic bearings respectively, so that the two elastic bearings are symmetrically assembled on the mounting component (1) and the centers of the metal spacers of the two elastic bearings coincide. The bending moment loading unit (2) includes a rotating shaft (21), the axis of which intersects perpendicularly with the axis of which are two elastic bearings, and one end of the rotating shaft (21) is fixedly connected to the mounting component (1). The axial compression unit (3) is used to apply a bidirectional axial static compression load to the outer ring ends of the two elastic bearings.
2. The testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial compression unit (3) includes a clamping bolt (31), and the axial static compression load applied to the two elastic bearings can be adjusted by adjusting the clamping force of the clamping bolt (31).
3. The testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a limiting unit (4), which can keep the position of the elastic bearing stable during the test and can match the distance change between the two elastic bearings.
4. The testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting unit (4) includes a fixed base (41) and a limiting component (42); the fixed base (41) includes a limiting groove (411), and the limiting component (42) includes a clamping plate (421). The two ends of the clamping plate (421) are located in the limiting groove (411), and the length of the limiting groove (411) is greater than the width of the clamping plate (421).
5. The testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two sets of clamping plates (421) are arranged in parallel with the rotating shaft (21) and are used to clamp the two sides of the outer ring ends of the two elastic bearings respectively.
6. The testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The axial compression unit (3) further includes a first pressure plate (32) and a second pressure plate (33). The first pressure plate (32) and the second pressure plate (33) are parallel to each other and connected by the clamping bolt (31). The first pressure plate (32) and the second pressure plate (33) are used to press the end faces of the outer ring ends of the two elastic bearings respectively.
7. The testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The mounting component (1) has protrusions (11) at both ends, and the two sides of the protrusions (11) are transitionally fitted with the two sides of the straight groove on the inner ring end of the elastic bearing.
8. The testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bending moment loading unit (2) also includes a transition piece (22), one end of the rotating shaft (21) is fixedly connected to the mounting piece (1) through the transition piece (22).
9. The testing apparatus for the mechanical properties of elastic bearings according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transition member (22) includes a groove (221) that matches the outer surface of the mounting member (1), the mounting member (1) being located in the groove (221) and fixedly connected to the transition member (22) by bolts.
10. A testing system for the mechanical properties of an elastic bearing, characterized in that, It includes a control system, a power source, and a mechanical performance testing device for elastic bearings as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; the other end of the rotating shaft (21) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power source, and the control system is capable of controlling the rotation angle and frequency of the output shaft of the power source.