A nuclear power plant opening shock wave eliminator

Abstract

The application relates to the nuclear power technology field and discloses a nuclear power plant opening shock wave elimination device, which comprises an airflow channel, at least one bending part, and a flow passage cross section diameter of an airflow inlet end of the bending part being different from a flow passage cross section diameter of an airflow outlet end of the bending part; a ventilation opening arranged on a flow passage wall of the airflow channel and / or an outlet end wall of the airflow channel, the ventilation opening being located downstream of the bending part; the ventilation opening being in communication with a plant of the nuclear power plant; and a ventilation assembly arranged at the ventilation opening and comprising a plurality of angle-adjustable guide vanes, the guide vanes guiding airflow into the plant according to a set angle. Through cooperation of the airflow channel and the ventilation assembly, the application realizes multiple reflection and flow guiding of high-energy airflow shock waves, consumes shock wave energy, avoids high-energy shock waves directly impacting the plant, realizes the wave elimination purpose, and also meets the ventilation demand in the plant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to a shock wave damping device for openings in nuclear power plants. Background Technology

[0002] During operation, nuclear power plants require adequate ventilation within the plant buildings to maintain normal equipment operation and a suitable working environment for personnel. However, openings in nuclear power plants, such as ventilation vents and entrances / exits, can be severely damaged by external blast shockwaves, which may even penetrate the plant interior, posing a significant threat to the safety of equipment and personnel. Currently, existing protective measures struggle to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of wave suppression and ventilation; they either prioritize wave suppression at the expense of ventilation or provide good ventilation but ineffective wave suppression. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device, resolving the technical issue that existing protective measures cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of shock wave damping and ventilation. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device provided in this application, through the cooperation of airflow channels and ventilation components, achieves multiple reflections and guidance of high-energy airflow shock waves, consuming shock wave energy and preventing high-energy shock waves from directly impacting the plant building. While achieving the purpose of shock wave damping, it also meets the ventilation requirements within the plant building.

[0004] This application provides a shock wave damping device for an opening in a nuclear power plant. The device includes: an airflow channel, the airflow channel including at least one bend, and the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the bend is different from the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow outlet end of the bend; a vent, disposed on the wall of the airflow channel and / or on the wall of the outlet end of the airflow channel, the vent being located downstream of the bend; the vent connecting the airflow channel to the building of the nuclear power plant; and a ventilation assembly disposed at the vent, including a plurality of angle-adjustable guide vanes, the guide vanes being configured to guide the airflow in the airflow channel into the building at a set angle.

[0005] In some embodiments, the airflow channel includes a first bend located upstream and a second bend located downstream. The cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the first bend is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow outlet end of the second bend, and the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the second bend is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow outlet end of the second bend.

[0006] In some embodiments, the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the air outlet end of the first bend is equal to the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the air inlet end of the second bend, and the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the air inlet end of the first bend is equal to the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the air outlet end of the second bend.

[0007] In some embodiments, the flow channel cross-sectional diameter of the airflow outlet end of the first bend and the airflow inlet end of the second bend is 0.3 to 0.6 times the flow channel cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the first bend and the airflow outlet end of the second bend.

[0008] In some embodiments, the bending angle of the bent portion is set between 90° and 120°.

[0009] In some embodiments, the ventilation assembly further includes: a frame body detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the ventilation opening, the frame body having an air vent connecting the airflow channel and the factory building, the guide vanes being adjustablely connected to the frame body via an adjustment mechanism and at least partially blocking the air vent; and a mesh body covering the side of the air vent facing the airflow channel, the mesh body having mesh holes for airflow in the airflow channel to pass through.

[0010] In some embodiments, the adjustment mechanism is detachably connected to the frame and the guide vane. Multiple adjustment mechanisms are provided, and one of them is selectively connected to the frame and the guide vane. Different groups of adjustment mechanisms are configured to limit the guide vane to different deflection angles.

[0011] In some embodiments, the adjustment mechanism includes: a first adjustment mechanism for limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane to between 30° and 40°; a second adjustment mechanism for limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane to between 40° and 50°; and a third adjustment mechanism for limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane to between 50° and 60°.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inner peripheral wall of the vent is a regular polygon or a circle, the outer peripheral wall of the frame body fits the inner peripheral wall of the vent, and the frame body is configured to be circumferentially adjustable in installation position so that the guide vanes are generally arranged vertically or horizontally.

[0013] In some embodiments, the selection of the adjustment mechanism satisfies the following conditions: when the object in the factory is located in front of the vent, the frame and the guide vane are connected through the second adjustment mechanism or the third adjustment mechanism, and the guide vane is generally arranged vertically; and / or, when the object in the factory is located to the side of the vent, the frame and the guide vane are connected through the first adjustment mechanism or the second adjustment mechanism, and the guide vane is generally arranged vertically; and / or, when the height of the object in the factory is higher than the height of the vent, the frame and the guide vane are connected through the third adjustment mechanism, and the guide vane is generally arranged horizontally.

[0014] The nuclear power plant opening shock wave suppression device provided in this application reflects and redirects high-energy airflow shock waves at least once through an airflow channel with at least one bend and a varying cross-sectional diameter. This causes the high-energy airflow shock wave to be reflected and its energy consumed multiple times within the airflow channel, significantly reducing the shock wave energy before entering the ventilation opening and thus weakening its intensity. Furthermore, the ventilation components of this application work in conjunction with the airflow channel, using guide vanes to direct the weakened airflow shock wave into the plant building in a predetermined direction. This satisfies the ventilation requirements within the plant building while preventing the airflow shock wave from directly impacting objects inside the building along the airflow channel and ventilation opening in the event of an external explosion or other accident, ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel within the plant building.

[0015] In addition, the nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device provided in this application has a simple overall structure, low operation and maintenance costs, and can continuously play the role of damping shock waves and ventilation, thus meeting the dual needs of shock wave damping and ventilation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The technical solution of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the shock wave damping device of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point S1;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the ventilation component behind the hidden mesh of one embodiment of the shock wave damping device of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at point S2;

[0021] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting component of one embodiment of the shock wave damping device of this application.

[0022] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0023] 1-Airflow channel, 11-First bend, 12-Second bend, 2-Ventilation opening, 3-Ventilation assembly, 31-Guide vane, 311-Hinge, 32-Frame body, 321-Air vent, 322-Blade hinge hole, 33-Network, 34-Adjustment mechanism, 341-Adjusting component, 3411-Angled slot. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this utility model clearer and more explicit, the technical solutions of this utility model will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 2 In some embodiments of this application, a shock wave damping device for nuclear power plant openings is provided. This device includes an airflow channel 1, a vent 2, and a ventilation assembly 3. The airflow channel 1 is a non-linearly extending airflow channel 1, and its cross-section can be circular or polygonal; this application does not limit this. The airflow channel 1 includes at least one bend, and the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the bend is different from the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow outlet end of the bend, so that the airflow channel 1 is generally curved and extended, and the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow channel 1 changes at the airflow inlet end and the airflow outlet end of the bend, altering the pressure, velocity, and other characteristics of the airflow passing through the bend.

[0026] Ventilation vent 2 can be installed on the flow channel wall of airflow channel 1, or on the outlet wall of airflow channel 1, or simultaneously on both the flow channel wall and the outlet wall of airflow channel 1; this application does not limit this. Ventilation vent 2 is located downstream of the bend, meaning downstream in the airflow direction, i.e., the airflow in airflow channel 1 first flows through the bend and then flows to ventilation vent 2. Ventilation vent 2 connects airflow channel 1 to the nuclear power plant building, thereby introducing airflow into the building for ventilation.

[0027] Ventilation component 3 is installed at ventilation opening 2. Ventilation component 3 includes several angle-adjustable guide vanes 31, which are configured to guide the airflow in airflow channel 1 into the factory building at a set angle. The deflection angle of the guide vanes 31 can be adjusted according to the arrangement of items in the factory building to adapt to the actual situation of items in different factory buildings. There is no need to design ventilation component 3 specifically for each factory building, which improves the applicability of ventilation component 3.

[0028] The nuclear power plant opening shock wave suppression device provided in this application reflects and redirects high-energy airflow shock waves at least once through an airflow channel 1 with at least one bend and a varying cross-sectional diameter. This causes the high-energy airflow shock wave to be reflected and its energy consumed multiple times within the airflow channel 1, significantly reducing the shock wave energy before entering the ventilation opening 2, thus weakening the shock wave intensity. Furthermore, the ventilation component 3 of this application works in conjunction with the airflow channel 1, using guide vanes 31 to guide the weakened airflow shock wave into the plant according to a set direction. While meeting the ventilation requirements within the plant, this avoids the airflow shock wave directly impacting objects inside the plant along the airflow channel 1 and ventilation opening 2 in the event of an external explosion or other accident, ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel within the plant.

[0029] In addition, the nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device provided in this application has a simple overall structure, low operation and maintenance costs, and can continuously play the role of damping shock waves and ventilation, thus meeting the dual needs of shock wave damping and ventilation.

[0030] Ventilation vent 2 penetrates the wall of the factory building. When ventilation vent 2 is located on the wall at the airflow outlet end of airflow channel 1 (i.e., the wall of the factory building), the downstream section of airflow channel 1 is actually perpendicular to the wall of the factory building, and the airflow flows directly to ventilation vent 2 along the flow direction, but the ventilation efficiency is also relatively higher. When ventilation vent 2 is located on the flow channel wall of airflow channel 1, the downstream section of airflow channel 1 is actually parallel to the wall of the factory building, and the wall of the factory building constitutes part of the flow channel wall of airflow channel 1. The airflow enters ventilation vent 2 from one side of the flow direction. Compared with the method of airflow flowing directly to ventilation vent 2, it can further reduce the energy of the airflow shock wave and improve the wave dissipation effect, but the ventilation efficiency is also relatively lower. In practical applications, the specific location of ventilation vent 2 can be set according to the ventilation and wave dissipation requirements of the factory building, and the deflection angle of the guide vanes 31 can be adjusted according to the location of ventilation vent 2 to ensure the effect of shock wave dissipation while meeting the ventilation requirements of the factory building.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the airflow channel 1 includes a first bend 11 located upstream and a second bend 12 located downstream, so that the airflow channel 1 extends in a "Z" shape. The airflow in the airflow channel 1 first flows through the first bend 11 and then flows through the second bend 12.

[0032] Wherein, the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the airflow inlet end of the first bend 11 is larger than the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the airflow outlet end of the second bend 12, and the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the airflow inlet end of the second bend 12 is smaller than the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the airflow outlet end of the second bend 12.

[0033] The airflow channel 1 is the key starting part of the entire shock wave damping device. The tortuous extension structure and the changing diameter design of the flow channel 1 in this application make the airflow channel 1 generally form an asymmetrical variable cross-section labyrinth channel structure. In the event of an external explosion or other accident, when the high-energy airflow shock wave flows through the first bend 11, it is blocked by the flow channel wall of the first bend 11, resulting in the first reflection and reversal, realizing the first stage of energy consumption of the airflow shock wave. Furthermore, as the flow channel diameter of the first bend 11 decreases, the pressure and velocity of the airflow also change for the first time, further consuming the shock wave energy. When the airflow shock wave continues to flow through the second bend 12, it is blocked by the flow channel wall of the second bend 12, resulting in the second reflection and reversal, realizing the second stage of energy consumption of the shock wave. Furthermore, as the flow channel diameter of the second bend 12 increases, the pressure and velocity of the airflow change for the second time, further consuming the shock wave energy. Therefore, the device of this application achieves multiple reflections and reversals of high-energy airflow shock waves through the airflow channel 1 with its "Z"-shaped tortuous extension and varying cross-sectional dimensions, thereby gradually weakening and consuming the energy of the airflow shock wave, thus achieving the purpose of weakening the intensity of the shock wave and preventing the shock wave from directly impacting the ventilation opening 2.

[0034] In some embodiments, the flow channel wall of the airflow channel 1 can be made of concrete. In this embodiment, concrete with a strength grade of C30-C40 is selected. The strength grade of the concrete is selected within the range of C30-C40. This strength range can ensure that the flow channel wall of the airflow channel 1 maintains a stable structure when facing the impact force of a strong shock wave, and is not prone to wall cracking or collapse. C30-C40 strength grade concrete has good compressive strength, which can effectively disperse and withstand the pressure of the shock wave applied to the surface of the flow channel wall of the airflow channel 1, ensuring the integrity of the channel and thus continuously exerting its wave-damping function.

[0035] In addition, the factory walls can also be made of concrete with a strength grade of C30-C40.

[0036] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the airflow inlet end of the first bend 11 is equal to the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the airflow outlet end of the second bend 12, and the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the airflow outlet end of the first bend 11 is equal to the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the airflow inlet end of the second bend 12. That is, the width of the airflow channel 1 in the upstream section of the first bend 11 and the downstream section of the second bend 12 is the same, which can be denoted as R1, and the width of the airflow channel 1 between the first bend 11 and the second bend 12 is the same, which can be denoted as R2.

[0037] The airflow channel 1 provided in this application has a cross-sectional diameter that gradually decreases and then increases again, resulting in an asymmetric, variable-section labyrinthine channel structure where the middle section (the section connecting the first bend 11 and the second bend 12) narrows and the upstream section (the airflow inlet section of the first bend 11) and the downstream section (the airflow outlet section of the second bend 12) widens. When a high-energy shock wave enters the narrowing middle section of the channel, its energy density increases instantaneously due to the compression of the channel space. During this process, the interaction between the shock wave and the surface of the channel wall becomes more intense, and a large amount of energy is absorbed and reflected by the channel wall. As the shock wave continues to travel into the widening downstream section, its energy density decreases rapidly, and its propagation speed and intensity weaken accordingly. The structural design of the airflow channel 1, with its alternating wide-narrow-wide flow dimensions, creates multiple "squeezing" and "releasing" cycles for the high-energy shock wave, causing its energy to be continuously consumed in the repeated physical interactions, thereby weakening the intensity of the shock wave.

[0038] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the flow channel cross-sectional diameter (i.e., R1) of the airflow outlet end of the first bend 11 and the airflow inlet end of the second bend 12 is 0.3 to 0.6 times the flow channel cross-sectional diameter (i.e., R2) of the airflow inlet end of the first bend 11 and the airflow outlet end of the second bend 12, i.e., R2 = R1 × (0.3 to 0.6).

[0039] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the bending angle θ of the bent portion can be set between 90° and 120°, preferably between 100° and 110°. The bending angle of the first bent portion 11 is denoted as θ1, and the bending angle of the second bent portion 12 is denoted as θ2. θ1 may or may not be equal to θ2; this application does not impose any limitations on this comparison.

[0040] Airflow channel 1 is the key starting part of the entire shock wave damping device. It adopts an asymmetric variable cross-section labyrinth channel structure, which effectively consumes and weakens the shock wave energy. This asymmetric variable cross-section labyrinth channel structure is not a simple tortuous structure, but a complex structure determined after rigorous mechanical analysis and consideration of practical application scenarios. Experimental verification shows that when the bending angle θ of the bend is 100° to 110° and the flow channel cross-section diameter ratio Rmin / Rmax of the bend is 0.4 to 0.5 (i.e., R2 = R1 × (0.4 to 0.5)), the shock wave energy attenuation rate can reach 25% to 30%.

[0041] Please see Figures 1 to 2In some embodiments, the ventilation assembly 3 further includes a frame body 32 and a mesh body 33. The frame body 32 is a frame structure and is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the ventilation opening 2. The frame body 32 is provided with an airflow channel 1 and an air vent 321 (e.g., ...) connecting the ventilation channel 1 to the factory building. Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the guide vane 31 is angle-adjustably connected to the frame 32 via the adjustment mechanism 34 and at least partially blocks the air vent 321. The guide vane 31 can be made of plastic or lightweight metal, and its deflection angle can be flexibly adjusted between 30° and 60° according to actual ventilation and protection requirements. Once the arrangement of items in the room is determined, the guide vane 31 is installed on the frame 32 at a fixed design angle, guiding the airflow in a specific direction. The fixed angle prevents the shock wave, after its energy has been reduced from the asymmetric variable cross-section labyrinth channel, from directly impacting the items requiring protection through the vent 2, further improving the effectiveness of shock wave protection.

[0042] The mesh 33 is a planar mesh structure, which can be made of woven metal wire or cut from metal sheets. The mesh 33 is installed on the side of the ventilation opening 321 facing the airflow channel 1. The mesh 33 has mesh openings for airflow through the airflow channel 1; the size of the mesh openings is determined by the size of the objects to be prevented from entering, and can be set between 1 and 5 centimeters. The mesh 33 not only prevents larger objects from entering the ventilation opening 2, but also provides some buffering against shock waves. Suitable fasteners can be used to fix the mesh 33 to the factory walls surrounding the ventilation opening 2, ensuring that the mesh 33 is installed flat and securely.

[0043] This application forms a "multi-stage shock wave attenuation system" by combining an asymmetric variable cross-section labyrinth channel structure with guide vanes 31. The airflow channel 1 consumes the shock wave energy through abrupt changes in the diameter of the flow channel cross-section. Subsequently, the guide vanes 31 further guide the residual airflow to change direction. The two work together to increase the energy attenuation rate to more than 30%, effectively solving the problem that high-energy shock waves directly impact objects and personnel in the factory building along the airflow channel 1 and the vent in the event of an external explosion or other accident.

[0044] In some embodiments, the inner peripheral wall of the vent 2 is a regular polygon or a circle, and the outer peripheral wall of the frame 32 matches the inner peripheral wall of the vent 2. The frame 32 is configured to be circumferentially adjustable so that the guide vanes 31 are generally arranged vertically or horizontally. In this embodiment, the vent 2 is described as a square. The width and height of the inner peripheral wall of the vent 2 are equal. Any side of the outer peripheral wall of the frame 32 can match any side of the inner peripheral wall of the vent 2, so that the frame 32 can be circumferentially adjusted. Thus, without replacing the ventilation component 3, the overall arrangement direction of the guide vanes 31 can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different arrangements of items in the factory.

[0045] In some embodiments, the adjustment mechanism 34 is detachably connected to the frame body 32 and the guide vane 31. Multiple sets of adjustment mechanisms 34 are provided and one of them is selectively connected to the frame body and the guide vane 31. Different sets of adjustment mechanisms 34 are configured to limit the guide vane 31 to different deflection angles.

[0046] The adjustment mechanism 34 includes: a first adjustment mechanism for limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane 31 to between 30° and 40°; a second adjustment mechanism for limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane 31 to between 40° and 50°; and a third adjustment mechanism for limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane 31 to between 50° and 60°.

[0047] The ventilation component 3 of this application adopts a detachable adjustment mechanism 34. The guide vane 31 is connected to the ventilation port 2 frame through the detachable adjustment mechanism 34. The adjustment mechanism 34 is provided in three sets. When in use, a suitable set can be selected from the three sets of adjustment mechanisms 34 to connect the frame body 32 and the guide vane 31. The appropriate adjustment mechanism 34 can be selected according to the different layout of items in the factory, thereby limiting the guide vane 31 to a suitable deflection angle, which significantly improves the flexibility of the angle adjustment of the guide vane 31.

[0048] The three adjustment mechanisms, namely the first adjustment mechanism, the second adjustment mechanism, and the third adjustment mechanism, are identical in their main structure. The only difference lies in the limitation of the deflection angle of the guide vanes. The following description will focus on one of the adjustment mechanisms.

[0049] Please see Figures 2 to 4 In some embodiments, a number of sets of blade hinge holes 322 are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the frame body 32, and the number of sets of blade hinge holes 322 is the same as the number of guide blades 31. Each guide blade 31 has a hinge shaft 311 that can be inserted into the blade hinge hole 322 at both its upper and lower ends, and the hinge shaft 311 is located on the windward side of the guide blade 31.

[0050] Please see Figures 3 to 5 , Figure 3One of the guide vanes 31 is selected and sectioned to visually demonstrate the connection relationship between the guide vane 31, the frame 32, and the adjustment mechanism 34. Each adjustment mechanism 34 includes two upper and lower corresponding adjustment members 341. The length of the adjustment member 341 is consistent with the width of the inner peripheral wall of the frame 32. The adjustment member 341 is provided with several oblique slots 3411 at a set angle to its width direction. The oblique slots 3411 are configured to allow the leeward side of the guide vane 31 to be inserted one-to-one, thereby limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane 31. In this embodiment, taking the first adjustment mechanism as an example, the angle of its oblique slots 3411 is set between 30° and 40°. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the angle α1 of the inclined slot 3411 is 30°, but in other embodiments it can also be set to 35°, 40°, etc. Similarly, the angle α2 between the inclined slot on the adjusting member of the second adjusting mechanism and the width direction of the adjusting member is set to between 40° and 50°, for example, it can be set to 40°, 45°, 50°, etc.; the angle α3 between the inclined slot on the adjusting member of the third adjusting mechanism and the width direction of the adjusting member is set to between 50° and 60°, for example, it can be set to 50°, 55°, 60°, etc.

[0051] The angles of the three adjustment mechanisms are different. For example, if the angle of the first adjustment mechanism is set to 40°, the angle of the second adjustment mechanism cannot be set to 40°; similarly, if the angle of the second adjustment mechanism is set to 50°, the angle of the third adjustment mechanism cannot be set to 50°. In this way, it can be ensured that the three adjustment mechanisms can limit the guide vanes to different deflection angles.

[0052] The adjusting component 341 can be detachably installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the inner peripheral wall of the frame body 32 via a quick-release locking structure (not shown in the figure), and the upper and lower ends of the guide vane 31 are fixed by inserting it into the inclined slot 3411, thereby limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane 31 to a set angle.

[0053] The second and third adjustment mechanisms are identical to the main body of the first adjustment mechanism, differing only in the angle setting of the inclined slot.

[0054] During initial installation, a suitable adjustment mechanism 34 is selected to connect the frame 32 and the guide vane 31 according to the layout of the items in the factory. If the layout of the items in the factory is adjusted later, the deflection angle of the guide vane 31 can be redefined by replacing the adjustment mechanism 34 with an angled slot 3411 with a different angle, so that the ventilation assembly 3 does not need to be replaced as a whole.

[0055] In some embodiments, the selection of the adjustment mechanism 34 satisfies the following conditions: when the object in the factory is located in front of the ventilation opening 2, the frame body 32 and the guide vane 31 are connected by the second adjustment mechanism or the third adjustment mechanism, and the guide vane 31 is generally arranged vertically. That is, in this layout, the second adjustment mechanism or the third adjustment mechanism is selected to connect the frame body 32 and the guide vane 31, limiting the deflection angle of the guide vane 31 to between 40° and 60°, preferably between 45° and 60°, so that the airflow can be guided to deflect to both sides by the guide vane 31, avoiding the shock wave directly hitting the object.

[0056] If a critical piece of equipment (such as an electrical control box) in a building of a nuclear power plant is located 2 meters directly in front of ventilation opening 2, the deflection angle of the guide vane 31 can be limited to about 55° through a third adjustment mechanism, thus deflecting the airflow direction by 55°. CFD simulation verification shows that at this angle, the impact pressure of the shock wave on the equipment is reduced by 40% compared to when it is 0° (i.e., the shock wave is directly hitting), demonstrating a significant effect in dissipating the shock wave.

[0057] In some embodiments, when the objects inside the factory are located to the side of the ventilation opening 2, the frame 32 and the guide vanes 31 are connected by the first adjustment mechanism or the second adjustment mechanism, and the guide vanes 31 are generally arranged vertically. That is, in this layout, the first adjustment mechanism or the second adjustment mechanism is selected to connect the frame 32 and the guide vanes 31, limiting the deflection angle of the guide vanes 31 to between 30° and 50°, preferably between 30° and 45°, which can balance ventilation efficiency and shock wave reflection effect.

[0058] In some embodiments, when the height of objects inside the factory building is higher than the height of the ventilation opening 2, the frame 32 and the guide vanes 31 are connected by a third adjustment mechanism. The guide vanes 31 are generally arranged laterally. The overall arrangement direction of the guide vanes 31 can be changed by circumferentially adjusting the installation position of the frame 32, moving its original upper and lower sides to the left and right sides. In this layout, the third adjustment mechanism is used to connect the frame 32 and the guide vanes 31, limiting the deflection angle of the guide vanes 31 to between 50° and 60°. This allows for upward airflow guidance, and the ceiling reflection within the factory building further attenuates the shock wave.

[0059] In summary, the shock wave damping device provided in this application, through the asymmetric variable cross-section labyrinth channel structure design of the airflow channel 1 and the adjustable deflection angle of the guide vanes 31 of the ventilation component 3, achieves the linkage and cooperation between the airflow channel 1 and the guide vanes 31, forming a multi-stage attenuation mechanism for shock waves. Furthermore, the energy attenuation effect is enhanced by the abrupt change in the cross-section design of the airflow channel 1, causing the shock wave to be reflected and consumed multiple times within the airflow channel 1, greatly reducing the intensity of the shock wave entering the interior of the nuclear power plant, and effectively protecting the safety of equipment and personnel inside the plant.

[0060] Meanwhile, this application adjusts the deflection angle of the guide vanes 31 according to the layout of items within the plant, establishing a quantitative correspondence between "layout characteristics and angle parameters." This allows for adaptation to different layouts of items within the plant, making the protection more targeted. Furthermore, the rationally designed ventilation openings 2 and guide vanes 31 guide airflow smoothly, ensuring the ventilation capacity of the nuclear power plant's openings and meeting the ventilation requirements for normal operation of the nuclear power plant.

[0061] Furthermore, the shock wave damping device provided in this application has a simple structure and low cost. All components are passive and do not require an external power source, resulting in high reliability. Moreover, the raw materials used in each component, such as concrete, plastic, or lightweight metals, are inexpensive, readily available, and easy to install, offering high cost-effectiveness and making it suitable for widespread application in nuclear power plants.

[0062] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this utility model specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A shock wave damping device for an opening in a nuclear power plant, characterized in that, include: An airflow channel, the airflow channel including at least one bend, wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the bend is different from the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow outlet end of the bend; A vent is provided on the flow channel wall of the airflow channel and / or on the outlet end wall of the airflow channel, and the vent is located downstream of the bend; The ventilation opening connects the airflow channel to the building of the nuclear power plant; A ventilation assembly, located at the ventilation opening, includes several angle-adjustable guide vanes, which are configured to guide the airflow in the airflow channel into the factory building at a set angle.

2. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airflow channel includes a first bend located upstream and a second bend located downstream. The cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the first bend is larger than that of the airflow outlet end of the second bend, and the cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the second bend is smaller than that of the airflow outlet end of the second bend.

3. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the air outlet end of the first bend is equal to the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the air inlet end of the second bend, and the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the air inlet end of the first bend is equal to the flow channel cross-sectional diameter at the air outlet end of the second bend.

4. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flow channel cross-sectional diameter of the airflow outlet end of the first bend and the airflow inlet end of the second bend is 0.3 to 0.6 times the flow channel cross-sectional diameter of the airflow inlet end of the first bend and the airflow outlet end of the second bend.

5. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bending angle of the curved portion is set between 90° and 120°.

6. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation assembly also includes: A frame body is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the ventilation opening. The frame body is provided with an air vent that connects the airflow channel and the factory building. The guide vanes are adjustablely connected to the frame body via an adjustment mechanism and at least partially blocked by the air vent. A mesh body is placed over the side of the air vent facing the airflow channel, and the mesh body is provided with mesh holes for the airflow in the airflow channel to pass through.

7. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism is detachably connected to the frame and the guide vane. Multiple adjustment mechanisms are provided, and one of them is selectively connected to the frame and the guide vane. Different groups of adjustment mechanisms are configured to limit the guide vane to different deflection angles.

8. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes: The first adjustment mechanism is used to limit the deflection angle of the guide vanes to between 30° and 40°. The second adjustment mechanism is used to limit the deflection angle of the guide vanes to between 40° and 50°. The third adjustment mechanism is used to limit the deflection angle of the guide vanes to between 50° and 60°.

9. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner peripheral wall of the vent is a regular polygon or a circle, and the outer peripheral wall of the frame body fits into the inner peripheral wall of the vent. The frame body is configured to be circumferentially adjustable so that the guide vanes are generally arranged vertically or horizontally.

10. The nuclear power plant opening shock wave damping device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The selection of the adjustment mechanism satisfies the following conditions: When the items inside the factory building are located in front of the ventilation opening, the frame body and the guide vanes are connected by the second adjustment mechanism or the third adjustment mechanism, and the guide vanes are generally arranged vertically. And / or, when the items in the factory are located to the side of the ventilation opening, the frame body and the guide vanes are connected by the first adjustment mechanism or the second adjustment mechanism, and the guide vanes are generally arranged vertically; And / or, when the height of the objects in the factory building is higher than the height of the ventilation opening, the frame body and the guide vanes are connected by the third adjustment mechanism, and the guide vanes are generally arranged horizontally.

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