Power supply system, battery management system, battery pack, inverter module, and vehicle

Abstract

This application discloses a power supply system, a battery management system, a battery pack, an inverter module, and a vehicle, applicable to the field of electronic and electrical technology. The power supply system includes a battery and a battery management system. The battery management system includes an external power supply interface configured to connect to an external power source. The battery is configured to supply power when the external power supply interface is connected to an external power source. When the vehicle's starting battery is depleted, the external power source supplies power to the battery management system, enabling the battery management system to control the battery to supply power to the vehicle's load, thus allowing the vehicle to regain power. In this way, emergency starting of the vehicle can be achieved using a limited external power source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of electronic and electrical technology, and in particular relates to a power supply system, a battery management system, a battery pack, an inverter module, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] During daily vehicle use, the vehicle's starter battery may experience a depletion of power. When the starter battery is depleted, the vehicle will be unable to power on, causing considerable inconvenience to the user. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a power supply system, a battery management system, a battery pack, an inverter module, and a vehicle. When the battery is depleted during startup, the battery management system can operate by receiving power from an external power source, controlling the battery to supply power to the loads in the vehicle, thus enabling the vehicle to be powered on. In this way, emergency starting of the vehicle is achieved when the external power source is limited.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a power supply system including a battery and a battery management system. The battery management system includes an external power supply interface configured to connect to an external power source, wherein the battery supplies power when the external power supply interface is connected to an external power source.

[0005] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes an inverter module, the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power source, and the output of which is connected to the external power supply interface.

[0006] In some embodiments, the inverter module includes a capacitor, the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply, and the output of which is connected to the external power supply interface.

[0007] In some embodiments, the inverter module further includes a first switch, one end of which is connected to the capacitor and the other end of which is connected to the external power supply interface.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first switch is configured to turn on when the voltage across the capacitor reaches a first target voltage.

[0009] In some embodiments, the inverter module further includes a first voltage conversion circuit, the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply, the output of which is connected to the capacitor, and the output of which outputs a second target voltage that matches the operating voltage of the battery management system.

[0010] In some embodiments, the capacitance of the capacitor is determined based on the minimum power supply duration of the battery management system.

[0011] In some embodiments, the capacity of the capacitor is determined based on the amount of electricity required for any duration within the target operating time range [1 second, 5 seconds] of the battery management system.

[0012] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a rectifier circuit, the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power source, and the output of which is connected to the external power supply interface.

[0013] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a rectifier circuit, the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power source, and the output of which is connected to a first voltage conversion circuit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes an inverter module, and the inverter module further includes the rectifier circuit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes an inverter module, and the battery management system further includes an access detection interface connected to the inverter module.

[0016] In some embodiments, the battery management system is configured to detect the voltage of the access detection interface, and the battery is configured to supply power when the voltage of the access detection interface is a preset detection voltage.

[0017] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes an inverter module and an isolation device, wherein the output of the inverter module is connected to each low-voltage load, and the isolation device is located on the line between the low-voltage load and the output of the inverter module.

[0018] In some embodiments, the isolation device includes a diode, the anode of which is connected to the low-voltage load.

[0019] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a step-down module, which includes a second voltage conversion circuit and a controller.

[0020] In some embodiments, the low-voltage load includes at least one of lighting devices, instrument and display devices, audio and entertainment devices, air conditioning and ventilation devices, power windows and seats, windshield wipers and washers, electronic control devices, and on-board chargers.

[0021] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a step-down module, which includes a second voltage conversion circuit and a controller. The input terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit is connected to the output terminal of the battery, and the output terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit is connected to a low-voltage load.

[0022] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to connect to the external power supply.

[0023] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a startup battery connected to the battery.

[0024] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a startup battery connected to the output of a second voltage conversion circuit.

[0025] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a step-down module and a start indicator light. The step-down module includes a second voltage conversion circuit, and the start indicator light is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit. The start indicator light is configured to illuminate when powered by the second voltage conversion circuit.

[0026] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a control circuit, which includes a first sub-circuit, a second sub-circuit, and a pre-charging circuit. The first sub-circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, the second sub-circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the first sub-circuit and the second sub-circuit are connected to the step-down module, and the pre-charging circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the load capacitor.

[0027] The first sub-circuit includes a second switching element, the second sub-circuit includes a third switching element, the pre-charging circuit includes a fourth switching element and a pre-charging resistor, the battery supplies power to the buck module through the first sub-circuit and the second sub-circuit, and the second sub-circuit is also connected to the load capacitor.

[0028] Secondly, this application provides a battery management system including an external power supply interface configured to connect to an external power source.

[0029] In some embodiments, the battery management system further includes an access detection interface configured to connect to an inverter module, and the battery management system configured to detect the voltage of the access detection interface.

[0030] In some embodiments, the battery management system is further configured to send a power supply command to the battery when the voltage of the access detection interface is detected to be the target detection voltage.

[0031] Thirdly, this application provides a battery pack including the aforementioned battery management system and battery, wherein the battery is connected to the battery management system, and the battery management system is configured to manage the charging and discharging of the battery.

[0032] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a housing with a power supply port, which is correspondingly configured with respect to the external power supply interface.

[0033] Fourthly, this application provides an inverter module, wherein the input terminal of the inverter module is configured to be connected to an external power source, and the output terminal of the inverter module is configured to be connected to an external power supply interface of a battery management system.

[0034] In some embodiments, the inverter module further includes a capacitor, the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply, and the output of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply interface.

[0035] In some embodiments, the inverter module further includes a first switch, one end of which is connected to the capacitor and the other end of which is connected to the external power supply interface. The first switch is configured to turn on when the voltage across the capacitor reaches a first target voltage.

[0036] In some embodiments, the inverter module further includes a first voltage conversion circuit, the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply, the output of which is connected to the capacitor, and the output of which outputs a second target voltage that matches the operating voltage of the battery management system.

[0037] In some embodiments, the inverter module further includes a rectifier circuit, the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply, and the output of which is connected to an external power supply interface.

[0038] Fifthly, the vehicle provided in this application includes at least one of the power supply system, the battery management system, the battery pack, and the inverter described in any of the above embodiments.

[0039] The power supply system, battery management system, battery pack, inverter module, and vehicle provided in this application embodiment, when the vehicle's starting battery is depleted, an external power source supplies power to the battery management system through an external power supply interface, enabling the battery management system to be woken up and operate. The battery management system controls the battery to supply power, and the loads in the vehicle receive electrical energy and operate, thus enabling the vehicle to be powered on. In this way, emergency starting of the vehicle can be achieved when the external power source has limited power.

[0040] Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0042] Figure 1 This is a first structural schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third structure of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a fourth structural schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a fifth structural schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a sixth structural schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0051] Power supply system 100, battery 10, battery management system 20, external power supply interface 21, access detection interface 22, inverter module 30, capacitor 31, first switch 32, first voltage conversion circuit 33, rectifier circuit 34, isolation device 40, step-down module 50, second voltage conversion circuit 51, controller 52, starter battery 60, start indicator light 70, control circuit 80, first sub-circuit 81, second sub-circuit 82, pre-charge circuit 83, second switch 84, third switch 85, fourth switch 86, pre-charge resistor 87, external power supply 110, load capacitor 120, battery pack 200, housing 210, power supply port 211, vehicle 300. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0053] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0054] To facilitate understanding, the technical background and application scenarios of this application will be introduced below:

[0055] During vehicle use, the starter battery, due to prolonged use, will gradually age, causing its internal plates and electrolyte to deteriorate, leading to a decrease in battery capacity and reduced energy storage ability, making it prone to depletion. If the starter battery itself has quality defects, such as poor plate manufacturing processes or internal short circuits, it may be unable to properly store and release electrical energy during use, resulting in depletion. This situation usually occurs shortly after a new battery has been used.

[0056] If a vehicle is left unused for an extended period, the starter battery will naturally discharge. If the parking time is too long, the starter battery will gradually run out of power. Generally, after more than two weeks of parking, a noticeable drop in battery level may occur, and if it exceeds one month, the battery may become completely depleted and the vehicle will be unable to start.

[0057] When a vehicle's battery is depleted, the output voltage of the starter battery will drop significantly, failing to meet the vehicle's normal power-on and starting requirements. Generally, when the power battery is fully charged, its output voltage is relatively stable and close to the rated voltage value; however, when the starter battery is depleted, the voltage may drop to 80% of the rated voltage or even lower, with the specific value varying depending on the battery type and vehicle system.

[0058] Difficulty starting or inability to start is one of the most common symptoms of a vehicle's battery depletion. When the starter battery is low on power, it cannot provide enough electrical energy to the starter motor, resulting in weak motor operation, difficulty starting the engine, or even complete failure to start it. In pure electric vehicles, the inability to start normally is also manifested by unresponsive dashboard, lights, horn, and other equipment; the entire vehicle system fails to initialize properly, severely impacting the user experience.

[0059] The power supply system provided in this application embodiment provides power to the connected battery management system when the vehicle's starting battery is low-voltage and the external power supply has limited power. This allows the battery management system to be woken up and put into operation. The battery management system controls the battery to supply power to the relevant loads, thus enabling the vehicle to be powered on.

[0060] Based on the above description of the relevant scenarios, this application provides a power supply system 100, which will be described in detail below:

[0061] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a power supply system 100, including a battery 10 and a battery management system 20. The battery management system 20 includes an external power supply interface 21, which is configured to connect to an external power source 110, wherein the battery 10 supplies power when the external power supply interface 21 is connected to the external power source 110.

[0062] In this embodiment, battery 10 refers to a battery assembly consisting of multiple individual battery cells connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel configurations, which can be used as an independent power supply unit. Battery 10 is connected to battery management system 20. Battery 10 can provide electrical energy to various electrical devices. Optionally, battery 10 can be a single battery cell (such as a lithium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, etc.), a battery module (such as a lithium-ion battery module, lead-acid battery module, etc.), or a battery pack (such as a lithium-ion battery pack, nickel-metal hydride battery pack, etc.), etc., and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0063] The Battery Management System (BMS) 20 is an electronic system composed of electronic devices and circuits, capable of managing the charging and discharging of the battery 10. The external power supply interface 21 of the BMS 20 can be connected to an external power source 110 (directly or indirectly). When the external power source 110 provides power to the BMS 20 through the external power supply interface 21, the BMS 20 is activated and begins normal operation. During normal operation, the BMS 20 can control the battery 10 to output power to loads (such as the dashboard or dashcam in a vehicle). Optionally, the BMS 20 can be a centralized BMS, a distributed BMS, or a hybrid BMS, etc., and this embodiment does not limit this type.

[0064] The external power supply 110 is a device used to provide electrical energy to the battery management system 20. The external power supply 110 can be connected to the external power supply interface 21 of the battery management system 20, and provides electrical energy to the battery management system 20 through the external power supply interface 21. Optionally, the external power supply 110 can be a DC power supply device such as a power bank, a mobile phone (supporting external speaker), or a portable power bank, or an AC power supply device such as a small AC generator or an outdoor AC power supply. This embodiment of the application does not limit the specific type of power supply.

[0065] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes an inverter module 30, the input of which is configured to be connected to an external power supply 110, and the output of which is connected to an external power supply interface 21.

[0066] Specifically, since the electrical energy output by the external power supply 110 may not directly meet the power supply requirements of the battery management system 20, the inverter module 30 can convert the output electrical energy of the external power supply 110 into electrical energy that meets the power supply requirements of the battery management system 20. For example, if the output voltage of the external power supply 110 is 5V, while the corresponding operating voltage of the battery management system 20 is 12V, the electrical energy directly output by the external power supply 110 cannot be directly input into the battery management system 20. It needs to be boosted from 5V to 12V by the inverter module 30 and then input into the battery management system 20 through the external power supply interface 21 so that the battery management system 20 can operate normally.

[0067] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The inverter module 30 includes a capacitor 31, the input of which is configured to be connected to an external power supply 110, and the output of which is connected to an external power supply interface 21.

[0068] The capacitor 31 is used to smooth the electrical energy input from the external power source 110, so as to provide a stable power supply to the battery management system 20 through the external power supply interface 21. Optionally, the capacitor 31 can be an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, a ceramic capacitor, a film capacitor, etc., and this application embodiment does not limit it.

[0069] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The inverter module 30 also includes a first switch 32, one end of which is connected to a capacitor 31, and the other end of which is connected to an external power supply interface 21.

[0070] When the first switch 32 is closed, the external power supply 110 charges the capacitor 31, and the capacitor 31 stores energy. When the first switch 32 is open, the capacitor 31 can release the stored energy in a short time to meet the working requirements of the battery management system 20. Optionally, the first switch 32 can be a transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS) or other devices, and this embodiment of the application does not limit this.

[0071] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 and Figure 3 The first switch 32 is configured to turn on when the voltage across the capacitor 31 reaches a first target voltage.

[0072] The first target voltage is a voltage value that is greater than or equal to the operating voltage of the battery management system 20, based on experience. Typically, the first target voltage is 12V or 13.9V, etc. When the voltage across capacitor 31 reaches the first target voltage, the first switch 32 is turned on, and capacitor 31 releases its stored electrical energy in a short time to meet the operating requirements of the battery management system 20.

[0073] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The inverter module 30 also includes a first voltage conversion circuit 33. The input terminal of the first voltage conversion circuit 33 is configured to be connected to an external power supply 110. The output terminal of the first voltage conversion circuit 33 is connected to a capacitor 31. The output terminal of the first voltage conversion circuit 33 outputs a second target voltage, which matches the operating voltage of the battery management system 20.

[0074] The second target voltage may be the same as or different from the first target voltage. When the first and second target voltages are the same, the voltage output by the first voltage conversion circuit 33 can be directly output to the external power supply interface 21 through the capacitor 31 (or together with the first switch 32). When the first and second target voltages are different (the second target voltage is greater than the first target voltage), the voltage output by the first voltage conversion circuit 33 can also be directly output to the external power supply interface 21 through the capacitor 31 (or together with the first switch 32).

[0075] In cases where the output voltage of the external power supply 110 cannot directly meet the power supply requirements of the battery management system 20, the first voltage conversion circuit 33 can convert the electrical energy output from the external power supply 110 into electrical energy suitable for the normal operation of the battery management system 20, and input it into the battery management system 20 through the capacitor 31 (or further through the first switch 32) and the external power supply interface 21. The first voltage conversion circuit 33 is determined based on the type of the external power supply 110 and the battery management system 20.

[0076] Optionally, the first voltage conversion circuit 33 can be a DC-to-DC inverter such as a Boost inverter or a voltage doubler rectifier circuit inverter, or an AC-to-DC inverter such as an AC-DC module, or a circuit composed of an AC-DC converter followed by a boost circuit, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0077] In some embodiments, the capacity of capacitor 31 is determined based on the minimum power supply duration of battery management system 20.

[0078] The minimum power supply duration refers to the length of time after the battery management system 20 is woken up and controls the battery 10 to start supplying power. The capacity of the capacitor 31 supports the battery management system 20 to operate for a time greater than or equal to the minimum power supply duration, which allows the battery 10 to start supplying power to various devices to be charged (such as the low-voltage load of the vehicle, the battery management system 20, etc.), so that each device to be charged can receive power from the battery 10 and continue to work, waiting for the vehicle to be powered on and started.

[0079] In some embodiments, the capacity of capacitor 31 is determined based on the amount of electricity required for any duration within the target operating time range [1 second, 5 seconds] of the battery management system 20.

[0080] The target operating time interval refers to the time interval within which the battery management system 20 is awakened and controls the battery 10 to start supplying power. The capacitance of capacitor 31 is greater than or equal to the amount of electricity required for any duration within the target operating time interval (such as [1 second, 5 seconds], etc.). The effect achieved is similar to that of determining the capacitance of capacitor 31 based on the minimum power supply duration of the battery management system 20, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0081] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 The power supply system 100 also includes a rectifier circuit 34, the input of which is configured to be connected to an external power supply 110, and the output of which is connected to an external power supply interface 21.

[0082] The rectifier circuit 34 is a circuit composed of electrical components (such as multiple diodes and capacitors) arranged in a predetermined manner, which can convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). When the external power supply 110 is AC, it cannot be directly output to the battery management system 20 for power supply. Only after the AC power from the external power supply 110 is converted to DC power by the rectifier circuit 34 can it supply power to the battery management system 20 through the external power supply interface 21.

[0083] Optionally, the rectifier circuit 34 can be a full-wave rectifier circuit, a bridge rectifier circuit, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0084] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 The power supply system 100 also includes a rectifier circuit 34, the input of which is configured to be connected to an external power supply 110, and the output of which is connected to a first voltage conversion circuit 33.

[0085] If the AC power from the external power supply 110 is converted into DC power by the rectifier circuit 34 but still cannot meet the second target voltage (the voltage at which the battery management system 20 can work normally), the converted DC power will be converted into electrical energy that meets the second target voltage by the first voltage conversion circuit 33.

[0086] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 6 The power supply system 100 also includes an inverter module 30, and the inverter module 30 also includes a rectifier circuit 34.

[0087] A rectifier circuit 34 is disposed in the inverter module 30. The input terminal of the rectifier circuit 34 is connected to the external power supply 110 as the input terminal of the inverter module 30, and the output terminal of the inverter module 30 is connected to the external power supply interface 21 of the battery management system 20. The output terminal of the rectifier circuit 34 is directly or indirectly connected to the output terminal of the inverter module 30. When the inverter module 30 includes a capacitor 31, the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 34 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter module 30 through the capacitor 31. When the inverter module 30 includes a capacitor 31 and a first switching element 32, the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 34 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter module 30 in sequence through the capacitor 31 and the first switching element 32. When the inverter module 30 includes a first voltage conversion circuit 33, a capacitor 31, and a first switching element 32, the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 34 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter module 30 in sequence through the first voltage conversion circuit 33, the capacitor 31, and the first switching element 32.

[0088] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes an inverter module 30, and the battery management system 20 also includes an access detection interface 22, which is connected to the inverter module 30.

[0089] The access detection interface 22 is used to connect to the output terminal of the inverter module 30, enabling the battery management system 20 to detect the output voltage of the inverter module 30, thereby monitoring in real time the voltage input from the external power supply 110 through the inverter module 30 to the battery management system 20. In the event of overvoltage, undervoltage, or other abnormalities, the battery management system 20 can promptly detect and implement protective measures to ensure its safety.

[0090] In some embodiments, the battery management system 20 is configured to detect the voltage of the access detection interface 22, and the battery 10 is configured to supply power when the voltage of the access detection interface 22 is a preset detection voltage.

[0091] The preset detection voltage refers to the operating voltage of the battery management system 20. When the battery management system 20 receives electrical energy in the form of the preset detection voltage, the battery management system 20 continues to operate and controls the battery 10 to supply power.

[0092] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes an inverter module 30 and an isolation device 40. The output terminal of the inverter module 30 is connected to each low-voltage load, and the isolation device 40 is located on the line between the low-voltage load and the output terminal of the inverter module 30.

[0093] In this way, the electrical energy output from the inverter module 30 can be prevented from being transferred to the low-voltage load, thus avoiding the diversion of the external power supply 110 and ensuring that the external power supply 110 mainly supplies power to the battery management system 20. In this way, even when the electrical energy of the external power supply 110 is limited, the limited electrical energy can be used to power the battery management system 20, thereby maximizing the vehicle's power-on capability.

[0094] Optionally, the isolation device 40 can be a diode, relay, isolator, or other device with isolation function, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0095] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The isolation device 40 includes a diode, the anode of which is connected to a low-voltage load.

[0096] A diode is encapsulated by a PN junction, corresponding electrode leads, and a housing. It has unidirectional conductivity, allowing current to flow only from the anode to the cathode. It can isolate the power transmission between low-voltage loads and inverter module 30 at a low cost.

[0097] The connection method in this embodiment prevents the electrical energy output by the external power supply 110 (or through the inverter module 30) from flowing to the low-voltage load, thus achieving isolation. This allows the limited electrical energy of the external power supply 110 to be mainly used to power the battery management system 20 and the controller 52 of the step-down module 50, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the external power supply 110.

[0098] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes a step-down module 50, which includes a second voltage conversion circuit 51 and a controller 52.

[0099] The step-down module 50 connects the battery 10 and the low-voltage load. The second voltage conversion circuit 51 in the step-down module 50 converts high-voltage electrical energy into the required low-voltage electrical energy. The controller 52 remains connected to the second voltage conversion circuit 51, and the controller 52 controls the operating conditions of the second voltage conversion circuit 51. Optionally, the step-down module 50 can be a linear step-down module, a switching step-down module (Buck circuit), a synchronous step-down module, a mechanical step-up / step-down module (Buck-Boost circuit), etc., and this embodiment does not limit the specific type of module.

[0100] In some embodiments, the low-voltage load includes at least one of the following: lighting devices (such as headlights, turn signals, brake lights, dome lights, etc.), instrument and display devices (such as instrument panels, central control displays, etc.), audio and entertainment devices (such as speakers, multimedia players, dashcams, etc.), air conditioning and ventilation devices (such as blowers, air conditioning panels, ventilation fans, etc.), power windows and seats (such as power door adjustment buttons, power seat adjusters, etc.), wiper and washer devices (such as wipers, washer pumps, etc.), 52 electronic controllers (such as engine control units, body control modules, airbag control modules, etc.), and on-board chargers.

[0101] Optionally, the low-voltage load may also include electric rearview mirrors, cigarette lighters, etc., but this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0102] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes a step-down module 50, which includes a second voltage conversion circuit 51 and a controller 52. The input terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit 51 is connected to the output terminal of the battery 10, and the output terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit 51 is connected to a low-voltage load.

[0103] The step-down module 50 is used to receive electrical energy output from the battery 10 and perform a step-down operation. The controller 52 controls the second voltage conversion circuit 51 to perform a step-down operation so that the electrical energy output by the step-down module 50 meets the usage requirements of low-voltage loads in the vehicle.

[0104] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes a control circuit 80, which is connected to the battery 10 and the step-down module 50. The emergency start operation includes the battery management system 20 controlling the battery 10 to supply power to the step-down module 50 through the control circuit 80.

[0105] Specifically, the step-down module 50 converts the electrical energy in the battery 10 into the required electrical energy to power the relevant equipment of the vehicle, thereby enabling the vehicle to start in an emergency and improving the reliability of the vehicle.

[0106] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The control circuit 80 includes a first sub-circuit 81 and a second sub-circuit 82. The first sub-circuit 81 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10, and the second sub-circuit 82 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 10. Both the first sub-circuit 81 and the second sub-circuit 82 are connected to the step-down module 50. The first sub-circuit 81 includes a second switch 84, and the second sub-circuit 82 includes a third switch 85. The battery 10 supplies power to the step-down module 50 through the first sub-circuit 81 and the second sub-circuit 82.

[0107] Specifically, one end of the first sub-circuit 81 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10, and the other end is connected to the power input terminal of the step-down module 50; one end of the second sub-circuit 82 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 10, and the other end is connected to the power input terminal of the step-down module 50. When both the second switch 84 and the third switch 85 are closed, the circuit between the battery 10 and the step-down module 50 is completed, and the battery 10 outputs electrical energy to the step-down module 50 to supply the electrical energy required for the step-down operation of the step-down module 50.

[0108] The second switching element 84 and the third switching element 85 can be devices with the ability to switch circuits, such as electronic switches, switching circuits, and relays. This application does not limit the specific devices in this regard.

[0109] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The controller 52 is configured to connect to an external power supply 110.

[0110] Both the battery management system 20 and the controller 52 are powered by the external power supply 110, and both are in operation. After the control circuit 80 has completed pre-charging, the controller 52 can control the second voltage conversion circuit 51 to convert the supply voltage of the battery 10 to a set voltage.

[0111] Pre-charging refers to the process by which the control circuit 80, under the control of the battery management system 20, pre-charges the load capacitor 120 of the vehicle load. The set voltage is a voltage value that meets the normal operating requirements of the low-voltage load in the vehicle.

[0112] Specifically, when the voltage of the output power of the external power supply 110 meets the operating voltage of the controller 52, the controller 52 is directly connected to the external power supply 110. When the voltage of the output power of the external power supply 110 does not meet the operating voltage of the controller 52, the controller 52 is indirectly connected to the external power supply 110 through the inverter module 30, and receives the appropriate power supply from the external power supply 110 after conversion by the inverter module 30.

[0113] After the battery management system 20 completes the pre-charge, it communicates with the controller 52 of the step-down module 50 via the CAN bus (or other physical or communication connection). The battery management system 20 sends an enable signal to the controller 52 so that the second voltage conversion circuit 51 performs a step-down operation to convert the output voltage of the battery 10 into a set voltage output.

[0114] When the controller 52 is not powered by the external power supply 110, the second voltage conversion circuit 51 cannot perform the step-down operation. Optionally, if the controller 52 detects that the second voltage conversion circuit 51 meets the operating conditions (such as the input voltage of the second voltage conversion circuit 51 being within the operating range, the output of the battery 10 being stable, etc.) when the controller 52 does not receive an enable signal from the battery management system 20, the controller 52 controls the second voltage conversion circuit 51 to perform the step-down operation to output low-voltage electrical energy.

[0115] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The control circuit 80 in the power supply system 100 also includes a pre-charging circuit 83, which is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10 and the load capacitor 120. The pre-charging circuit 83 includes a fourth switch 86 and a pre-charging resistor 87. The second sub-circuit 82 is also connected to the load capacitor 120. The emergency start operation also includes the battery management system 20 controlling the battery 10 to pre-charge the load capacitor 120 through the pre-charging circuit 83 and the second sub-circuit 82.

[0116] One end of the pre-charging circuit 83 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10, and the other end is connected to one end of each load capacitor 120. One end of the second sub-circuit 82 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 10, and the other end is connected to the end of each load capacitor 120 that is not connected to the pre-charging circuit 83. When the battery management system 20 controls the closure of the third switch 85 and the fourth switch 86, the electrical energy in the battery 10 is transferred to each load capacitor 120 through the pre-charging circuit 83 and the second sub-circuit 82, thereby pre-charging each load capacitor 120. In this way, it can be avoided that when the vehicle is powered on, the load capacitors 120 suddenly receive the electrical energy input from the battery 10, resulting in a large instantaneous current flowing through the circuit, which could further cause the components in the circuit to malfunction or even be damaged.

[0117] The pre-charge resistor 87 is used to prevent excessive current and improve the safety of each component in the power supply system 100. The fourth switch 86 can be an electronic switch, a switching circuit, a relay, or other device with the ability to switch circuits on and off. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0118] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 When the battery management system 20 detects that the voltage across the load capacitor 120 is within the corresponding preset voltage range, it determines that the pre-charging of the control circuit 80 is complete.

[0119] Pre-charging completion refers to the situation where the voltage across each load capacitor 120 is within its corresponding preset voltage range. Optionally, the preset voltage range for each load capacitor 120 can be the situation where the voltage across each load capacitor 120 meets a preset proportion of its capacitance. In specific loads, the voltage required by the load capacitor 120 may differ; therefore, the preset voltage range can be the voltage corresponding to a preset proportion of the capacitance of each load capacitor 120. Optionally, the preset voltage range can also be a first preset voltage, which is set based on experience and the capacitance of the load capacitor 120. When the voltage of each load capacitor 120 meets the first preset voltage, the battery management system 20 can be considered to have completed pre-charging.

[0120] Specifically, the pre-charging process of the control circuit 80 for each load capacitor 120 is as follows: The battery management system 20 first detects some important parameters of the battery 10 (such as the temperature, total voltage, and resistance of the battery 10) to ensure the basic safety and reliability of the battery 10. Then, the battery management system 20 controls the closing of the third switch 85 and the fourth switch 86 in the control circuit 80, so that the second sub-circuit 82 and the pre-charging circuit 83 transfer the electrical energy in the battery 10 to the load capacitors 120 of each electrical load. The battery management system 20 detects the voltage of the battery 10 and each load capacitor 120 in real time. When the voltage of each load capacitor 120 meets the corresponding preset voltage range, the second switch 84 is closed first, and then the third switch 85 is opened to confirm that the pre-charging is complete. In this way, the electrical energy output by the battery 10 does not need to flow through the pre-charging resistor 87 afterward, which avoids wasting the electrical energy in the battery 10.

[0121] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes a starter battery 60, which is connected to the battery 10.

[0122] Specifically, the starter battery 60 is a device used to provide electrical energy to low-voltage loads. When the starter battery 60 is depleted, the vehicle cannot power on normally. When the battery management system 20 receives power from the external power source 110, it controls the battery 10 to charge the starter battery 60.

[0123] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes a starter battery 60, which is connected to the output of the second voltage conversion circuit 51.

[0124] Specifically, the starting battery 60 refers to a device used to provide electrical energy to low-voltage loads. When the starting battery 60 is depleted, the vehicle cannot power on normally. The input terminal of the starting battery 60 is connected to the second voltage conversion circuit 51 of the step-down module 50. The starting battery 60 receives and stores the electrical energy output from the second voltage conversion circuit 51, which can then be used to provide electrical energy to various low-voltage loads connected to the output terminal of the starting battery 60. Optionally, the starting battery 60 can be a lead-acid battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, or a ternary lithium battery, etc., and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0125] In some embodiments, the power supply system 100 further includes a fuse, one end of which is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit 51, and the other end is connected to the starting battery 60 and / or a low-voltage load. If the output current of the second voltage conversion circuit 51 exceeds a preset safety threshold, the fuse will blow, thereby disconnecting the power output circuit of the second voltage conversion circuit 51 to protect the safety of the starting battery 60 and the low-voltage load.

[0126] The preset safety threshold is a safe current value set based on components such as the second voltage conversion circuit 51 and the starting battery 60. If the current in the circuit exceeds the preset safety threshold, the excessive current will damage the components in the circuit.

[0127] The safety device can be a fuse, circuit breaker, or fusible wire, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not limit it.

[0128] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The power supply system 100 also includes a step-down module 50 and a start indicator light 70. The step-down module 50 includes a second voltage conversion circuit 51. The start indicator light 70 is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit 51 and is configured to light up when powered by the second voltage conversion circuit 51.

[0129] Specifically, when the step-down module 50 outputs a set voltage, indicating that the vehicle is ready for power-on, the step-down module 50 controls the second voltage conversion circuit 51 to supply power to the start indicator light 70, illuminating the light to remind the driver and passengers that the vehicle is ready for power-on and can be started. Once the vehicle has successfully started, the second voltage conversion circuit 51 stops supplying power to the start indicator light 70 to conserve energy.

[0130] Optionally, the start indicator light 70 can be positioned independently or integrated into the vehicle's dashboard. The light emitted by the start indicator light 70 can be a constant green or blue light, or a flashing green or red light; this embodiment does not limit the specific color of the light emitted.

[0131] Optionally, the power supply system 100 may also include a sound-generating device (such as a buzzer), which is connected to the step-down module 50. When the vehicle meets the power-on conditions, the step-down module 50 outputs electrical energy to make the sound-generating device emit a specific sound (clear and not harsh, or rhythmic, etc.) to remind the driver and passengers that the vehicle has met the power-on conditions. After the vehicle is powered on and started, the step-down module 50 stops supplying power to the sound-generating device to save energy. Optionally, the sound-generating device may also replace the start indicator light 70.

[0132] Please continue reading. Figure 7 This application provides a battery management system 20, including an external power supply interface 21, which is configured to connect to an external power source 110.

[0133] The battery management system 20 remains connected to the battery 10. An external power supply 110 supplies power to the battery management system 20 through an external power supply interface 21, waking up and enabling the battery management system 20 to operate. The battery management system 20 then controls the battery 10 to supply power to the low-voltage load or the step-down module 50, enabling the low-voltage load or the step-down module 50 to continue operating and allowing the vehicle to start up upon power-on.

[0134] In some embodiments, the battery management system 20 further includes an access detection interface 22, which is configured to connect to the inverter module 30, and the battery management system 20 is configured to detect the voltage of the access detection interface 22.

[0135] The specific connection relationship and function of the access detection interface 22 have been described in detail in the above embodiment of the power supply system 100, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0136] In some embodiments, the battery management system 20 is further configured to send a power supply command to the battery 10 when the voltage of the access detection interface 22 is detected to be the target detection voltage.

[0137] The specific description of the access detection interface 22 and the battery management system 20 controlling the battery 10 to supply power has been described in detail in the above-described embodiment of the power supply system 100, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0138] This application provides a battery pack 200, including the battery management system 20 and the battery 10 described above. Please refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack 200 provided in the embodiment of this application. The battery pack 200 includes a battery management system 20 and a battery 10. The battery 10 is connected to the battery management system 20, and the battery management system 20 is configured to manage the charging and discharging of the battery 10.

[0139] External power supply 110 supplies power to battery management system 20 through external power supply interface 21, waking up and activating battery management system 20. Battery management system 20 then controls battery 10 to supply power to buck module 50. Buck module 50 performs voltage reduction to supply power to low-voltage loads and battery management system 20, ensuring battery pack 200 maintains power output and enabling vehicle power-on and starting. Detailed descriptions of battery management system 20 controlling battery 10 to supply power have been provided in the embodiments of power supply system 100 described above, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0140] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 1 The battery pack 200 also includes a housing 210, which has a power supply port 211, and the power supply port 211 is configured to correspond to the external power supply interface 21.

[0141] The battery management system 20 and the battery 10 are housed within the casing 210. The casing 210 provides physical protection for the battery management system 20 and the battery 10, preventing dust, moisture, and other impurities from entering the interior. This avoids problems such as short circuits and corrosion caused by dust accumulation affecting heat dissipation or moisture intrusion, thereby improving the reliability and lifespan of the battery pack 200. The casing 210 also provides protection against leakage, assists in heat dissipation, reduces electromagnetic interference, and facilitates the installation and securing of the battery pack 200.

[0142] An external power supply 110 is connected to the external power supply interface 21 of the battery management system 20 via a power supply port 211 to supply power to the battery management system 20. Optionally, the power supply port 211 can be a through hole, through which the output end of the external power supply 110 can be connected to the external power supply interface 21; or the power supply port 211 can be an interface, with the output end of the external power supply 110 connected to the power supply port 211, thereby allowing the electrical energy of the external power supply 110 to be transferred to the external power supply interface 21 via the power supply port 211, thus waking up and enabling the battery management system 20 to operate.

[0143] The detailed description of the battery management system 20 controlling the battery 10 to supply power has been described in detail in the above-described embodiment of the power supply system 100, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0144] This application provides an inverter module 30. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 The input terminal of the inverter module 30 is configured to connect to an external power supply 110, and the output terminal of the inverter module 30 is configured to connect to the external power supply interface 21 of the battery management system 20.

[0145] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3The inverter module 30 also includes a capacitor 31, the input of which is configured to be connected to an external power supply 110, and the output of which is configured to be connected to an external power supply interface 21.

[0146] The connection relationship and function of capacitor 31 in inverter module 30 have been described in detail in the embodiment of power supply system 100 above, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0147] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 The inverter module 30 also includes a first switch 32, one end of which is connected to a capacitor 31 and the other end of which is connected to an external power supply interface 21. The first switch 32 is configured to turn on when the voltage across the capacitor 31 reaches a first target voltage.

[0148] The connection relationship and function of the first switching element 32 of the inverter module 30 have been described in detail in the embodiment of the power supply system 100 above, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0149] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 The inverter module 30 also includes a first voltage conversion circuit 33. The input terminal of the first voltage conversion circuit 33 is configured to be connected to an external power supply 110. The output terminal of the first voltage conversion circuit 33 is connected to a capacitor 31. The output terminal of the first voltage conversion circuit 33 outputs a second target voltage, which matches the operating voltage of the battery management system 20.

[0150] The connection relationship and function of the first voltage conversion circuit 33 of the inverter module 30 have been described in detail in the embodiment of the power supply system 100 above, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0151] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 8 The inverter module 30 also includes a rectifier circuit 34, the input of which is configured to be connected to an external power supply 110, and the output of which is connected to an external power supply interface 21.

[0152] The connection relationship and function of the rectifier circuit 34 of the inverter module 30 have been described in detail in the part about the rectifier circuit 34 in the above-mentioned power supply system 100 embodiment, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0153] This application provides a vehicle comprising at least one of the power supply system 100, the battery management system 20, the battery pack 200, and the inverter module 30 described in any of the above embodiments. Please refer to...Figure 8 , ​ This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure provided in the embodiments of this application. The vehicle 300 includes a power supply system 100. When the starting battery inside the vehicle 300 is depleted and the power of the external power source 110 is limited, the external power source 110 provides power to the battery management system 20 in the power supply system 100, which can wake up the battery management system and control the battery 10 to supply power, thereby enabling the vehicle 300 to have the conditions for power-on and realizing the emergency start of the vehicle 300.

[0154] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "some embodiments," "in one example," "exemplarily," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0155] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power supply system (100), characterized in that, include: Battery (10); A battery management system (20) includes an external power supply interface (21) configured to connect to an external power source (110). The battery (10) is configured to supply power when an external power source (110) is connected to the external power supply interface (21).

2. The power supply system (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An inverter module (30) is configured to connect to the external power supply (110) at its input and to connect to the external power supply interface (21) at its output.

3. The power supply system (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inverter module (30) includes a capacitor (31), the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply (110), and the output of which is connected to the external power supply interface (21).

4. The power supply system (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inverter module (30) further includes a first switch (32), one end of which is connected to the capacitor (31), and the other end of which is connected to the external power supply interface (21).

5. The power supply system (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first switch (32) is configured to turn on when the voltage across the capacitor (31) reaches a first target voltage.

6. The power supply system (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inverter module (30) further includes a first voltage conversion circuit (33), the input terminal of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply (110), the output terminal of which is connected to the capacitor (31), and the output terminal of which outputs a second target voltage that matches the operating voltage of the battery management system (20).

7. The power supply system (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The capacity of the capacitor (31) is determined based on the minimum power supply duration of the battery management system (20).

8. The power supply system (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The capacity of the capacitor (31) is determined based on the amount of electricity required for any duration within the target operating time range [1 second, 5 seconds] of the battery management system (20).

9. The power supply system (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Also includes: A rectifier circuit (34) is configured to connect to the external power supply (110) at its input and to connect to the external power supply interface (21) at its output.

10. The power supply system (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: A rectifier circuit (34) is configured to connect to the external power supply (110) at its input and to connect to the first voltage conversion circuit (33) at its output.

11. The power supply system (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes an inverter module (30), which further includes the rectifier circuit (34).

12. The power supply system (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It also includes an inverter module (30), and the battery management system (20) also includes an access detection interface (22), which is connected to the inverter module (30).

13. The power supply system (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The battery management system (20) is configured to detect the voltage of the access detection interface (22), and the battery (10) is configured to supply power when the voltage of the access detection interface (22) is a preset detection voltage.

14. The power supply system (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It also includes an inverter module (30) and an isolation device (40), the output of which is connected to each low-voltage load, and the isolation device (40) is located on the line between the low-voltage load and the output of the inverter module (30).

15. The power supply system (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The isolation device (40) includes a diode, the anode of which is connected to the low-voltage load.

16. The power supply system (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that, It also includes a step-down module (50), which includes a second voltage conversion circuit (51) and a controller (52).

17. The power supply system (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The low-voltage load includes at least one of the following: lighting devices, instrument and display devices, audio and entertainment devices, air conditioning and ventilation devices, power windows and seats, windshield wipers and washers, electronic control devices, and on-board chargers.

18. The power supply system (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that, It also includes a step-down module (50), which includes a second voltage conversion circuit (51) and a controller (52). The input terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit (51) is connected to the output terminal of the battery (10), and the output terminal of the second voltage conversion circuit (51) is connected to a low-voltage load.

19. The power supply system (100) according to claim 18, characterized in that, The controller (52) is configured to connect to the external power supply (110).

20. The power supply system (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a startup battery (60) connected to the battery (10).

21. The power supply system (100) according to claim 20, characterized in that, It also includes a startup battery (60) connected to the output of a second voltage conversion circuit (51).

22. The power supply system (100) according to any one of claims 15-21, characterized in that, It also includes a step-down module (50) and a start indicator (70), the step-down module (50) including a second voltage conversion circuit (51), the start indicator (70) being connected to the output of the second voltage conversion circuit (51), and the start indicator (70) being configured to light up when powered by the second voltage conversion circuit (51).

23. The power supply system (100) according to claim 22, characterized in that, It also includes a control circuit (80), which includes a first sub-circuit (81), a second sub-circuit (82), and a pre-charging circuit (83). The first sub-circuit (81) is connected to the positive terminal of the battery (10), the second sub-circuit (82) is connected to the negative terminal of the battery (10), the first sub-circuit (81) and the second sub-circuit (82) are connected to the step-down module (50), and the pre-charging circuit (83) is connected to the positive terminal of the battery (10) and the load capacitor (120). The first sub-circuit (81) includes a second switch (84), the second sub-circuit (82) includes a third switch (85), the pre-charging circuit (83) includes a fourth switch (86) and a pre-charging resistor (87), the battery (10) supplies power to the step-down module (50) through the first sub-circuit (81) and the second sub-circuit (82), and the second sub-circuit (82) is also connected to the load capacitor (120).

24. A battery management system (20), characterized in that, Includes an external power supply interface (21), which is configured to connect to an external power source (110).

25. The battery management system (20) according to claim 24, characterized in that, Also includes: Access detection interface (22) is configured to connect to inverter module (30), and battery management system (20) is configured to detect the voltage of access detection interface (22).

26. The battery management system (20) according to claim 25, characterized in that, The battery management system (20) is also configured to send a power supply command to the battery (10) when the voltage of the access detection interface (22) is detected to be the target detection voltage.

27. A battery pack (200), characterized in that, include: The battery management system (20) according to any one of claims 24-26; and A battery (10) is connected to a battery management system (20) configured to manage the charging and discharging of the battery (10).

28. The battery pack (200) according to claim 27, characterized in that, Also includes: The housing (210) has a power supply port (211) and the power supply port (211) is correspondingly provided with the external power supply interface (21).

29. An inverter module (30), characterized in that, The input terminal of the inverter module (30) is configured to connect to an external power supply (110), and the output terminal of the inverter module (30) is configured to connect to the external power supply interface (21) of the battery management system (20).

30. The inverter module (30) according to claim 29, characterized in that, It also includes a capacitor (31), the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply (110), and the output of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply interface (21).

31. The inverter module (30) according to claim 30, characterized in that, It also includes a first switch (32), one end of which is connected to the capacitor (31) and the other end of which is connected to the external power supply interface (21). The first switch (32) is configured to turn on when the voltage across the capacitor (31) reaches a first target voltage.

32. The inverter module (30) according to claim 30, characterized in that, It also includes a first voltage conversion circuit (33), the input of which is configured to be connected to the external power supply (110), the output of which is connected to the capacitor (31), and the output of which outputs a second target voltage that matches the operating voltage of the battery management system (20).

33. The inverter module (30) according to any one of claims 29-32, characterized in that, Also includes: A rectifier circuit (34) is configured to connect to the external power supply (110) at its input and to connect to an external power supply interface (21) at its output.

34. A vehicle (300), characterized in that, It includes at least one of the following: the power supply system (100) according to any one of claims 1-23, the battery management system (20) according to any one of claims 24-26, the battery pack (200) according to claim 27 or 28, and the inverter module (30) according to any one of claims 29-33.

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