Gasoline engine cylinder block on-line lifting device
By designing a cylinder block lifting device that includes a lifting ring, telescopic mechanism, locking pin, rotating mechanism and guiding mechanism, the problems of inaccurate positioning and safety of traditional lifting devices are solved, and the precise and safe lifting of cylinder blocks is realized.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG BANGGAO POWER TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Traditional cylinder block lifting tools are prone to causing damage to the main bearing cap and cannot achieve precise positioning, affecting the safety of lifting.
A cylinder block lifting device was designed, comprising a lifting ring, a telescopic mechanism, a locking pin, a rotating mechanism, a guiding mechanism, and grippers. With the assistance of a KBK hook, the cylinder block can be precisely positioned and safely lifted.
Precise positioning of the cylinder block during hoisting was achieved, avoiding collisions with the main bearing cap and ensuring safety during the hoisting process.
Smart Images

Figure CN224337043U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of automobile engine production equipment. Specifically, this utility model relates to a gasoline engine cylinder block lifting device. Background Technology
[0002] The engine cylinder block is the main body of the engine. It connects the cylinders and crankcase into one unit and serves as the supporting frame for mounting pistons, crankshafts, and other parts and accessories. For multi-cylinder engines, the arrangement of the cylinders determines the engine's external structure, affects the rigidity and strength of the engine cylinder block, and relates to the overall layout of the car. Lifting equipment is a commonly used tool in engine assembly.
[0003] Traditional cylinder block hoisting tools typically use hooks to attach the third-stage main bearing cap of the cylinder block for hoisting. This method is prone to causing damage to the main bearing cap and may result in inaccurate positioning, leading to impacts on the top surface. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To overcome the problems existing in the background technology, this utility model discloses a gasoline engine cylinder block lifting device. The gasoline engine cylinder block lifting device includes a lifting ring, a telescopic mechanism, a locking pin, a rotating mechanism, a guiding mechanism, grippers, and a cylinder block surface guiding and positioning mechanism. The lifting ring is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the locking mechanism is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the rotating mechanism is connected to the guiding mechanism, the grippers are connected to the rotating mechanism, and the cylinder block surface guiding and positioning mechanism is connected to the rotating mechanism. The lifting device cooperates with the KBK hook. The KBK hook hooks the lifting ring, and the KBK is operated to move the lifting device above the cylinder block. The lifting device is lowered so that the cylinder block surface positioning plate contacts the cylinder block. The insertion and removal of the locking pin can control the opening and closing of the grippers and the height of the telescopic shaft to complete the lifting. Using this lifting device, in conjunction with the online workstation guiding mechanism, precise positioning of the cylinder block can be achieved during online lifting, without bumping the cylinder block main bearing cap and the top surface of the cylinder block, and the lifting safety can be guaranteed.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:
[0006] The gasoline engine cylinder block lifting device includes a lifting ring, a telescopic mechanism, a locking pin, a rotating mechanism, a guiding mechanism, grippers, and a cylinder block surface guiding and positioning mechanism. The lifting ring is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the locking mechanism is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the rotating mechanism is connected to the guiding mechanism, the grippers are connected to the rotating mechanism, and the cylinder block surface guiding and positioning mechanism is connected to the rotating mechanism. The telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic shaft, a sleeve, a locking pin, a handle, a top plate, and a telescopic shaft connector. The lifting ring is mounted on the upper end of the telescopic shaft via a pin, the sleeve is fitted around the telescopic shaft, the locking pin is inserted into the outside of the sleeve, the top plate is located on the bottom surface of the sleeve, the handle is mounted on the top surface of the top plate via a pin, and the telescopic shaft connector is connected to the upper end of the telescopic shaft. The rotating mechanism includes a side... The system comprises a plate, a left rotating shaft, and a right rotating shaft; two sets of side plates are provided, with both sets of side plates connected to the two ends of the bottom surface of the top plate; a telescopic shaft connector is located between the two sets of side plates; the left and right rotating shafts are connected to the telescopic shaft connector, the left rotating shaft, and the right rotating shaft; and the gripper is connected to the left and right rotating shafts; the cylinder body surface guiding and positioning mechanism is installed on the bottom surface of the side plates; the clamping plate is installed on the side of the cylinder body surface positioning plate via a pin; and the positioning pin is threadedly connected to the bottom surface of the positioning pin; the guiding mechanism includes a support plate, a connecting plate, a guide plate, and a guide gripper; the support plate is installed on the top surface of the cylinder body surface positioning plate via a pin; the connecting plate is located on the top surface of the support plate; the guide plate is connected to the outside of the connecting plate; and the guide gripper is installed on the outside of the guide plate via a pin.
[0007] Preferably, the lifting ring is an inverted U-shaped structure with lifting ring mounting slots through both sides.
[0008] Preferably, the device includes: a connector mounting socket, a locking pin socket, and a connector mounting socket; the connector mounting socket is a through hole at the upper end of the telescopic shaft; the locking pin socket is a through hole at the middle section of the telescopic shaft body, with at least two locking pin sockets arranged side by side at the middle section of the telescopic shaft body; the connector mounting socket is a through hole at the lower section of the telescopic shaft body, with at least two connector mounting sockets arranged at the lower section of the telescopic shaft body.
[0009] Preferably, the connector includes an upper insertion port and a lower insertion port; the upper insertion port and the lower insertion port are through holes at the top and bottom positions of the surface of the telescopic shaft connector, and the telescopic shaft connector is provided with two sets.
[0010] Preferably, the pin body of the movable pin is inserted from the upper insertion port.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the device includes a rotating shaft socket and a bearing; the rotating shaft socket is a through hole at both ends of the left and right sides of the lower part of the side plate surface, and the bearing is inserted into the rotating socket.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment, it includes: a cutout; both the side of the side plate and the side of the connecting plate are provided with cutouts.
[0013] Preferably, the claw is provided with four claws, and the four claws have the same structure. The four claws are the first claw, the second claw, the third claw, and the fourth claw. The first claw and the second claw are installed at both ends of the right rotation shaft and rotate around the right rotation shaft. The third claw and the fourth claw are installed at both ends of the left rotation shaft.
[0014] Preferably, the specifications and quantity of the locating pins match the specifications of the cylinder body locating holes, and the locating pins can be inserted into the cylinder locating holes.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The gasoline engine cylinder block lifting device includes a lifting ring, a telescopic mechanism, a locking pin, a rotating mechanism, a guiding mechanism, grippers, and a cylinder block surface guiding and positioning mechanism. The lifting ring is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the locking mechanism is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the rotating mechanism is connected to the guiding mechanism, the grippers are connected to the rotating mechanism, and the cylinder block surface guiding and positioning mechanism is connected to the rotating mechanism. The lifting device cooperates with the KBK hook. The KBK hook is hooked onto the lifting ring, and the KBK is operated to move the lifting device above the cylinder block. The lifting device is lowered so that the cylinder block surface positioning plate contacts the cylinder block. The insertion and removal of the locking pin can control the opening and closing of the grippers and the height of the telescopic shaft to complete the lifting. Using this lifting device, in conjunction with the online workstation guiding mechanism, precise positioning of the cylinder block during online lifting can be achieved without bumping the cylinder block main bearing cap and the top surface of the cylinder block, and the lifting safety can also be guaranteed. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the guide plate and the lifting device;
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the telescopic shaft, the lifting ring, and the telescopic shaft connector.
[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic shaft.
[0020] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the side panel;
[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first gripper;
[0022] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the cylinder block locating plate and the locating pin;
[0023] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting plate;
[0024] Figure 9A schematic diagram showing the connection between the guide gripper and the guide plate.
[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the guide gripper structure;
[0026] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft.
[0027] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of the movable pin.
[0028] In the diagram, 1 is the lifting ring, 2 is the telescopic shaft, 3 is the pin, 4 is the lifting hole, 5 is the sleeve, 6 is the locking pin socket, 7 is the locking pin, 8 is the handle, 9 is the top plate, 10 is the side plate, 11 is the connecting plate, 12 is the guide positioning plate, 13 is the telescopic shaft connector, 14 is the left rotating shaft, 15 is the right rotating shaft, 16 is the bearing, 17 is the first gripper, 18 is the second gripper, 19 is the third gripper, 20 is the fourth gripper, 21 is the cylinder body surface positioning plate, 22 is the clamping plate, 23 is the support plate, 24 is the guide gripper, 25 is the lifting ring mounting socket, and 26 is the telescopic shaft mounting socket. 26. Connector mounting socket; 27. Upper socket; 28. Lower socket; 29. Rotary shaft socket; 30. Pin socket; 31. Gripper mounting port; 32. Positioning pin mounting port; 34. Side plate mounting port; 35. Support plate mounting port; 36. Clamping plate mounting port; 37. Hollowed-out opening; 38. Mounting groove; 39. Back plate; 40. Gripper body; 41. Guide gripper mounting port; 42. Clamping slot; 43. Clamping piece; 44. Clamping shaft; 45. Movable pin; 46. Limiting end; 47. Cotter pin; 48. Limiting hole; 49. Detailed Implementation
[0029] To make the above objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects clearer and more explicit, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0030] like Figure 1-12 As shown, the gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture includes a lifting ring 1, a telescopic mechanism, a locking pin 7, a rotating mechanism, a guiding mechanism, grippers, and a cylinder block surface guiding and positioning mechanism. The lifting ring 1 is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the locking mechanism is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the rotating mechanism is connected to the guiding mechanism, the grippers are connected to the rotating mechanism, and the cylinder block surface guiding mechanism is connected to the rotating mechanism. The lifting ring 1 has an inverted U-shaped structure, and lifting ring mounting sockets 25 are provided through both sides of the lifting ring 1. The telescopic mechanism includes: a telescopic shaft 2, a sleeve 5, a locking pin socket 6, a locking pin 7, a handle 8, a top plate 9, and a telescopic shaft connector 13.
[0031] The telescopic shaft 2 has a telescopic shaft mounting socket 26 extending through its upper section. When installing the lifting ring 1, the lifting ring mounting socket 25 aligns with the telescopic shaft mounting socket 26, and the pin 3 is inserted for installation. After the lifting ring 1 is installed, the remaining space is the lifting hole 4. A sleeve 5 is provided around the outer periphery of the telescopic shaft 2. A through hole is provided through the surface of the sleeve 5. A locking pin socket 6 is provided in the middle section of the telescopic shaft 2. A locking pin 7 is inserted after the through hole aligns with the locking pin socket 6. Multiple locking pin sockets 6 are provided through the surface of the telescopic shaft 2. Multiple locking pin sockets 6 are arranged side by side. The telescopic function of the telescopic mechanism is achieved by changing the installation position of the locking pins 7. The top plate 9 is connected to the bottom surface of the sleeve 5. A through hole is provided at the connection position between the top plate 9 and the sleeve 5. The bottom end of the telescopic shaft 2 protrudes from the bottom surface of the top plate 9. A connector installation socket 27 is provided through the lower section of the telescopic shaft 2. Two connector installation sockets 27 are arranged side by side. An upper socket 28 and a lower socket 29 are provided through the top and bottom positions of the front of the telescopic shaft connector 13. Part 13 has two sets. The two sets of telescopic shaft connectors 13 are installed at the connector mounting socket 27 of the telescopic shaft via movable pins 46. One end of the movable pin 46 has a limit end 47 welded to it, and the other end has a limit hole 49 through it. A cotter pin 48 is inserted through the limit hole 49. When installing the telescopic shaft connectors 13, the upper sockets 28 of the two sets of telescopic shaft connectors 13 overlap with the connector mounting socket 27, and then the movable pin 46 is inserted into the shaft. After insertion, the movable pin 46 is positioned at the limit hole 49. Insert the cotter pin 48. The shaft length of the movable pin 46 is greater than the side length of the two sets of telescopic shaft connectors 13 after they overlap with the telescopic shaft 2. Therefore, there is room for movement after the movable pin 46 is installed. The two sets of telescopic shaft connectors 13 rotate around the movable pin 46 after installation. The telescopic function of the telescopic mechanism can be achieved by changing the installation position of the upper insertion port 28 and the connector installation port 27 of the telescopic shaft connector 13. The installation position is adjusted to achieve the telescopic function. The locking pin 7 is installed to achieve the locking function. The handle 8 is installed on the top surface of the top plate 9 through the pin 3.The rotating mechanism includes: a side plate 10, a left rotating shaft 14, a right rotating shaft 15, a bearing 16, a bayonet, and a clamping component 44. Two sets of side plates 10 are provided, each set connected to both ends of the bottom surface of the top plate 9. A perforation 38 is provided on the side of each side plate 10, with a pin insertion port 31 penetrating through the bottom surface of the perforation 38. Rotating shaft insertion ports 30 are provided at the lower left and right ends of the side plate 10 surface, with bearings 16 inserted into the rotating insertion ports. A telescopic shaft connector 14 is also included. 3 is located between two sets of side plates 10. After the rotation shaft insertion ports 30 of the two sets of side plates 10 are aligned with the lower insertion port 29, the left rotation shaft 14 and the right rotation shaft 15 are respectively inserted. The left and right ends of the left rotation shaft 14 and the right rotation shaft 15 are threaded with clamps 44. The outer surface of the clamps 44 is provided with clamping shafts 45. The surface of the gripper is provided with a gripper mounting port 32. The side of the gripper mounting port 32 is provided with a latch 43. The latch 43 is integral with the gripper mounting port 32. The shape and specifications of the jaw 43 are matched with the specifications of the clamping shaft 45. Four jaws are provided, all with identical structures: jaw 17, jaw 18, jaw 19, and jaw 20. Jaws 17 and 18 are installed at both ends of the right rotating shaft 15. After the jaws 17 and 18 are fitted onto the right rotating shaft 15, the clamping piece 44 is installed. The body of the clamping piece 44, along with the specifications of the clamping shaft 45, matches the jaws. With the specifications of the mounting port 32 matched, the body of the clamp 44, together with the clamp shaft 45, is inserted into the clamp mounting port 32 to complete the installation of the first clamp 17 and the second clamp 18. The third clamp 19 and the fourth clamp 20 are installed at both ends of the left rotating shaft 15. After the third clamp 19 and the fourth clamp 20 are sleeved on the right rotating shaft 14, the clamp 44 is installed. The body of the clamp 44, together with the clamp shaft 45, is inserted into the clamp mounting port 32 to complete the installation of the first clamp 17 and the second clamp 18.
[0032] The cylinder block surface guiding and positioning mechanism includes: a cylinder block surface positioning plate 21, a clamping plate 22, and a positioning pin 34. The cylinder block surface positioning plate 21 is disposed on the bottom surface of the side plate 10. A side plate mounting port 35 is provided through the surface of the cylinder block surface positioning plate 21. The pin shaft insertion port 31 is inserted into the side plate mounting port 35 and installed. The clamping plate 22 is installed on the side of the cylinder block surface positioning plate 21 by means of the pin shaft 3. A through hole is provided through the surface of the clamping plate 22. After the through hole is aligned with the clamping plate mounting port 37, the pin shaft 3 is inserted into the through hole and installed. A clamping plate 22 is provided at each of the four corners of the cylinder block surface positioning plate 21. The first clamping jaw 17, the second clamping jaw 18, the third clamping jaw 19, and the fourth clamping jaw 20 are located around the cylinder block surface positioning plate 21 after installation. The positioning pin 34 is threadedly connected to the cylinder block surface positioning plate 21. The specifications and quantity of the positioning pin 34 match the specifications of the cylinder block positioning holes.
[0033] The guiding mechanism includes: a support plate 23, a connecting plate 11, a guide plate 12, and a guide gripper 24. The support plate 23 is mounted on the top surface of the cylinder body positioning plate 21 using a pin 3. A support plate mounting port 36 is provided through the top surface of the cylinder body positioning plate 21. A through hole is provided through the surface of the support plate 23. After the through hole coincides with the support plate mounting port 36, the pin 3 is inserted for installation. A connecting plate 11 is provided on the side of the guide plate 12. A cutout 38 is provided on the side of the connecting plate 11. Two sets of connecting plates 11 are provided, and the two sets of connecting plates 11 are located between two sets of side plates 10. The left rotation shaft 14 is installed. The connecting plate 11 is inserted into the cutout 38 on the side. The connecting plate 11 is a right-angled triangular plate. The side of the right-angle end of the connecting plate 11 is connected to the connecting guide plate 12, and the bottom surface is connected to the top surface of the support plate 23. The outer side of the guide plate 12 is provided in the mounting slot 39. The guide claw 24 includes a back plate 40, a claw body 41, and a guide claw mounting port 42. The claw body 41 is integrally formed with the back plate 40. The claw body 41 is located on the front of the back plate 40. The guide claw mounting port 42 is provided through the front of the back plate 40. The guide claw mounting port 42 is located on both sides of the claw body. The guide claw 24 is embedded in the mounting slot.
[0034] When operating the gasoline engine cylinder block lifting device, the locking pin 7 on the lifting device must be inserted into the first locking pin insertion port 6 on the shaft of the telescopic shaft 2 below the lifting ring 1. The two sets of telescopic shaft connecting parts 13 are installed at the first connecting part installation port 27 below the sleeve using the movable pin 46. At this time, the connection angle of the two sets of telescopic shaft connecting parts 13 is an obtuse angle. The left rotating shaft 14 and the right rotating shaft 15 are flipped so that the four jaws are in the upward open state. The KBK hook is hooked onto the lifting hole 4 of the lifting ring 1. The KBK is operated to move this lifting device above the cylinder block. The KBK is operated to lower the lifting device. After the lifting device is lowered, the cylinder block surface positioning plate 21 contacts the cylinder block. After contact, the positioning pin 34 falls into the positioning hole of the cylinder block. The locking pin 7 is pulled out. The KBK is slowly operated to rise, and the locking pin 7 is inserted into the first locking pin insertion port from bottom to top on the shaft of the telescopic shaft 2. Inside 6, the two sets of telescopic shaft connectors 13 are installed at the second connector installation port 27 below the sleeve using movable pins 46. At this time, the connection angle of the two sets of telescopic shaft connectors 13 is an acute angle. The left rotating shaft 14 and the right rotating shaft 15 are flipped so that the four grippers are in a downward and inward locking state, so that the first gripper 17, the second gripper 18, the third gripper 19, and the fourth gripper 20 rotate and lock the cylinder body. The lifting device and the cylinder body complete the gripping. The opening and closing state of the four grippers is adjusted and controlled by the locking pin 7 and the installation position of the two sets of telescopic shaft connectors 13 and the telescopic shaft 2. The KBK is operated to move the lifting device together with the cylinder body to the top of the production line and gradually lower it so that the guide mechanism contacts and locks with the guide mechanism next to the production line. The guide gripper 24 is used to grab the guide mechanism next to the production line and continue to lower it until the cylinder body contacts the production line pallet. After pulling out the locking pin 7, continue to lower the lifting ring 1 until the locking pin 7 is inserted into the second locking pin socket 6 from bottom to top of the telescopic shaft 2, opening the grippers and then raising it to complete the lifting. This lifting tool enables precise lifting of the cylinder block onto the line, avoiding quality issues caused by bumps during the lifting process and making the lifting process safer.
[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. A gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture, characterized in that, It includes a lifting ring, a telescopic mechanism, a locking pin, a rotating mechanism, a guide mechanism, a gripper, and a cylinder body surface guide and positioning mechanism; the lifting ring is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the locking mechanism is connected to the telescopic mechanism, the rotating mechanism is connected to the guide mechanism, the gripper is connected to the rotating mechanism, and the cylinder body surface guide and positioning mechanism is connected to the rotating mechanism. The telescopic mechanism includes: a telescopic shaft, a sleeve, a locking pin, a handle, a top plate, and a telescopic shaft connector; the lifting ring is installed on the upper end of the telescopic shaft through a pin, the sleeve is sleeved around the telescopic shaft, the locking pin is inserted into the outside of the sleeve, the top plate is set on the bottom surface of the sleeve, the handle is installed on the top surface of the top plate through a pin, and the telescopic shaft connector is connected to the upper end of the telescopic shaft. The rotating mechanism includes: a side plate, a left rotating shaft, and a right rotating shaft; the side plate is provided in two sets, the two sets of side plates are connected to both ends of the bottom surface of the top plate, the telescopic shaft connector is located between the two sets of side plates, the left rotating shaft and the right rotating shaft are connected to the telescopic shaft connector, the left rotating shaft and the right rotating shaft, and the gripper is connected to the left rotating shaft and the right rotating shaft; The cylinder body surface guide positioning mechanism is installed on the bottom surface of the side plate, the clamping plate is installed on the side of the cylinder body surface positioning plate by a pin, and the positioning pin is threadedly connected to the bottom surface of the positioning plate. The guiding mechanism includes: a support plate, a connecting plate, a guide plate, and a guide gripper; the support plate is mounted on the top surface of the cylinder block positioning plate via a pin, the connecting plate is disposed on the top surface of the support plate, the guide plate is connected to the outside of the connecting plate, and the guide gripper is mounted on the outside of the guide plate via a pin.
2. The gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting ring is an inverted U-shaped structure, with lifting ring mounting slots through both sides.
3. The gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: The device includes a connector mounting socket, a locking pin socket, and a connector mounting socket; the connector mounting socket is a through hole at the upper end of the telescopic shaft; the locking pin socket is a through hole at the middle section of the telescopic shaft body, with at least two locking pin sockets arranged side by side at the middle section of the telescopic shaft body; the connector mounting socket is a through hole at the lower section of the telescopic shaft body, with at least two connector mounting sockets arranged at the lower section of the telescopic shaft body.
4. The gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Upper and lower insertion ports; the upper and lower insertion ports are through holes at the top and bottom of the surface of the telescopic shaft connector, and the telescopic shaft connector is provided with two sets.
5. The gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: include: Movable pin; the pin body of the movable pin is inserted from the upper insertion port.
6. The gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Rotary shaft socket and bearing; the rotary shaft socket is a through hole at both ends of the left and right sides of the lower part of the side plate surface, and the bearing is inserted into the rotary socket.
7. The gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Hollowed-out openings; both the side panels and the connecting plates have hollowed-out openings.
8. The gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The claw is provided with four claws, and the four claws have the same structure. The four claws are the first claw, the second claw, the third claw, and the fourth claw. The first claw and the second claw are installed at both ends of the right rotation axis and rotate around the right rotation axis. The third claw and the fourth claw are installed at both ends of the left rotation axis.
9. A gasoline engine cylinder block mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specifications and quantity of the positioning pins match the specifications of the positioning holes in the cylinder body, and the positioning pins can be inserted into the positioning holes of the cylinder.