A thermal active wall based on solar energy, semiconductor and elastic mechanical structure
The thermally active wall, which combines solar-powered semiconductor modules and phase change materials, solves the problem of poor thermal insulation performance of building walls, achieving low-energy consumption, environmentally friendly temperature control and efficient heat storage, thus improving users' thermal comfort.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HARBIN INST OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing building walls have poor thermal insulation performance, resulting in high energy consumption and low heating efficiency in low-temperature environments. Furthermore, traditional air conditioning systems are harmful to the environment and lack effective means of regulating heat storage and release using phase change materials, which affects users' thermal comfort.
The thermally active wall, composed of solar panels, phase change mortar interior walls, and semiconductor modules, combined with a flexible mechanical structure, uses solar power to drive the semiconductor modules to switch between cooling and heating, utilizes phase change materials to store heat, and achieves material regeneration through the mechanical structure.
It achieves low-energy and environmentally friendly temperature control, can quickly switch between cooling and heating according to electrical signals, improves user thermal comfort, and allows for the continuous and efficient use of phase change materials.
Smart Images
Figure CN224338449U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building wall technology, and in particular to a thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors and elastic mechanical structure. Background Technology
[0002] The building walls are made of concrete or bricks and decorated with mortar. This structure results in poor wall insulation, so users need to actively regulate the indoor temperature in summer and winter to achieve a more comfortable living experience.
[0003] Currently, air conditioning systems are the main way to regulate indoor temperature. Users set the temperature, which allows the air conditioning system to transfer heat and, in conjunction with the fan system, circulate air to achieve the purpose of cooling or heating, thereby regulating the indoor air temperature.
[0004] However, this temperature control method has many problems in practical applications: First, it has high energy consumption and significant operating costs; second, it has low heating efficiency and insufficient heating capacity in low-temperature environments, making it difficult to meet heating demands; third, the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contained in traditional air conditioning refrigerants can damage the ozone layer and seriously affect the ecological environment. Semiconductor thermoelectric conversion technology based on the Peltier effect has demonstrated excellent temperature control performance. However, in the construction field, semiconductor technology still has broad development prospects. The design of semiconductor temperature control systems is not well integrated with building structures and energy systems, and a complete integrated solution has not yet been formed. Furthermore, phase change materials (PCMs) have high latent heat, capable of absorbing or releasing large amounts of heat during phase change, and also possess high energy storage density. On the one hand, the latent heat utilization rate of PCMs is low. Due to the unscientific and unreasonable integration of PCMs with the building envelope, defects in the material's filling and distribution prevent them from fully utilizing their latent heat advantages during heat storage and release, making it difficult to achieve efficient heat storage and release. On the other hand, there is a lack of effective means to regulate the heat storage and release of PCMs. Because the heat storage and release process of phase change materials cannot be adjusted in a timely manner according to changes in indoor and outdoor environments and user needs, the user's thermal comfort experience cannot be guaranteed. Utility Model Content
[0005] To overcome the problem that the design of most building walls forces users to choose air conditioning systems that have high energy consumption, low heating efficiency in low-temperature environments, and may also damage the environment.
[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures, including a solar power panel, a phase change mortar inner wall, and a limiting component. The solar power panel is located on the outside of the building wall, and the phase change mortar inner wall is provided on the inside of the building wall. The phase change mortar inner wall is constructed by mixing mortar and phase change material. A semiconductor module for heating and cooling is provided on the side of the phase change mortar inner wall closest to the interior. A heat transfer pipe is provided inside the building wall, and the heat transfer pipe runs horizontally through both the inside and outside of the building wall. A solar panel back interface is provided at the connection between the solar power panel and the heat transfer pipe. A retractable connecting sleeve is provided at the connection between the solar power panel and the building wall. An electromagnet and a fixed magnet are provided inside the connecting sleeve, and a limiting component is provided inside the connecting sleeve.
[0007] Preferably, the connecting sleeve is divided into two parts: the outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the building wall and the fixed magnet, and the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the solar panel and the electromagnet.
[0008] Preferably, the limiting component includes a limiting groove and a spring limiting block, with a limiting groove provided at one end of the inner cylinder of the connecting sleeve and a spring limiting block provided on the inner side of the outer cylinder of the connecting sleeve.
[0009] Preferably, the circuit section includes a battery, a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch, with the battery electrically connected to the solar panel, the semiconductor module, and the electromagnet.
[0010] Preferably, the circuit is an H-type circuit, with the first and second switches electrically connected to the same pole of the battery, and the third and fourth switches electrically connected to the other pole of the battery.
[0011] Preferably, the first and third switches are located at the same pole of the semiconductor module and the electromagnet, while the second and fourth switches are located at the other pole of the semiconductor module and the electromagnet.
[0012] Preferably, the semiconductor module is composed of a combination of N-type and P-type semiconductors, with the N-type and P-type semiconductors arranged in a linear alternation.
[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0014] By utilizing a solar panel system for power, and leveraging the Peltier effect of semiconductor modules to input cooling or heating into the building, the system can rapidly switch between cooling and heating based on electrical signals. Phase change mortar interior walls constructed with phase change materials provide thermal insulation to the building envelope and store heat generated by the semiconductor or solar cell operation. Combined with a mechanical structure using connecting sleeves, this allows for the regeneration of the phase change materials, ensuring long-term stable system operation. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a planar structural schematic of this utility model;
[0016] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a planar structural diagram of the inner cylinder of the connecting sleeve of this utility model.
[0017] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a planar structural diagram of the outer cylinder of the connecting sleeve of this utility model;
[0018] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a planar structural schematic of the connecting sleeve of this utility model in the extended state.
[0019] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a planar structural schematic of the connecting sleeve in its retracted state according to this utility model.
[0020] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a planar structural schematic of the heat transfer pipe and the back interface of the solar panel in the disconnected state.
[0021] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a plan view of the connection between the heat transfer pipe and the back interface of the solar panel of this utility model.
[0022] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a planar structural schematic of the solar power panel in its cooling state according to this utility model.
[0023] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a planar three-dimensional structural schematic of the solar power panel of this utility model in heating mode.
[0024] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the circuit system structure of this utility model.
[0025] Figure 11 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the system operation strategy flow of this utility model.
[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Solar panel; 2. Phase change mortar inner wall; 3. Semiconductor module; 4. Heat transfer pipe; 5. Solar panel back interface; 6. Connecting sleeve; 7. Insulating and heat-conducting ceramic sheet; 8. Limiting groove; 9. Spring limiting block; 10. Electromagnet; 11. Fixing magnet; 12. Storage battery; 13. First switch; 14. Second switch; 15. Third switch; 16. Fourth switch. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0028] Please see Figures 1-11This utility model provides an embodiment of a thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures, comprising a solar power panel 1, a phase change mortar inner wall 2, and a limiting component. The solar power panel 1 is located on the outer side of the building wall, and the phase change mortar inner wall 2 is provided on the inner side of the building wall. The phase change mortar inner wall 2 is constructed by mixing mortar and phase change material. A semiconductor module 3 for heating and cooling is provided on the side of the phase change mortar inner wall 2 closest to the interior. A heat transfer pipe 4 is provided inside the building wall, running horizontally through both the inner and outer sides of the building wall. A solar panel back interface 5 is provided at the connection between the solar power panel 1 and the heat transfer pipe 4. A retractable connecting sleeve 6 is provided at the connection between the solar power panel 1 and the building wall. An electromagnet 10 and a fixed magnet 11 are provided inside the connecting sleeve 6, and a limiting component is provided inside the connecting sleeve 6. By utilizing the power supply of the solar power panel 1 system, cooling or heating is input into the building interior through the Peltier effect of the semiconductor module 3, and rapid switching between cooling and heating can be achieved according to the control of electrical signals. The phase change mortar inner wall 2, constructed using phase change materials, achieves thermal insulation of the enclosure structure and stores the heat generated by semiconductor operation or solar cell operation. Combined with the mechanical structure of the connecting sleeve 6, the phase change materials are regenerated, ensuring the system can operate stably for a long time.
[0029] Please see Figures 2-9 In this embodiment, the connecting sleeve 6 is divided into inner and outer parts. The outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the building wall and the fixed magnet 11, and the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the solar panel 1 and the electromagnet 10. The limiting component includes a limiting groove 8 and a spring limiting block 9. The limiting groove 8 is opened at one end of the inner cylinder of the connecting sleeve 6, and the spring limiting block 9 is provided on the inner side of the outer cylinder of the connecting sleeve 6. When a positive current passes through the electromagnet 10, the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet 10 is the same as the magnetic pole direction of the fixed magnet 11, so that a repulsive force is generated between the electromagnet 10 and the fixed magnet 11, so that the connecting sleeve 10 is fixedly connected to the solar panel 1 and the electromagnet 10. The inner cylinder of the sleeve 6 slides out from the outer cylinder, pushing the solar panel 1 away from the building wall, thus separating the heat transfer pipe 4. When the inner cylinder of the connecting sleeve 6 extends a certain distance, the limiting groove 8 moves to the spring limiting block 9. The spring limiting block 9 pops out and embeds into the limiting groove 8, limiting the inner cylinder of the connecting sleeve 6 and preventing the inner cylinder of the connecting sleeve 6 from separating from the outer cylinder. When the electromagnet 10 has a reverse current, the electromagnet 10 and the fixed magnet 11 generate an attraction force, causing the solar panel 1 to move towards the building wall, thus connecting the heat transfer pipe 4 and the solar panel back interface 5.
[0030] Please see Figure 10In this embodiment, the circuit includes a battery 12, a first switch 13, a second switch 14, a third switch 15, and a fourth switch 16. The battery 12 is electrically connected to the solar panel 1, the semiconductor module 3, and the electromagnet 10. The circuit is an H-type circuit. The first switch 13 and the second switch 14 are electrically connected to the same pole of the battery 12, and the third switch 15 and the fourth switch 16 are electrically connected to the other pole of the battery 12. The first switch 13 and the third switch 15 are located at the same pole of the semiconductor module 3 and the electromagnet 10, and the second switch 14 and the fourth switch 16 are located at the other pole of the semiconductor module 3 and the electromagnet 10. The second switch 14 and the fourth switch 16 are located at the other pole of the semiconductor module 3 and the electromagnet 10. The semiconductor module 3 is composed of N-type and P-type semiconductors, which are arranged linearly and alternately. The battery 12 is used to store the electrical energy generated by the solar panel 1. In summer, when the room needs to be cooled, the first switch 13 and the fourth switch 16 are closed and the second switch 14 and the third switch 15 are open when the cooling mode is turned on. The current flows in the forward direction through the semiconductor module 3 and the electromagnet 10. In winter, when the room needs to be heated, the second switch 14 and the third switch 15 are closed and the first switch 13 and the fourth switch 16 are open when the heating mode is turned on. The current flows in the reverse direction through the semiconductor module 3 and the electromagnet 10.
[0031] In use, the solar panel 1 generates electricity using sunlight and sends the electrical energy to the battery 12 for storage. During summer, when indoor cooling is required, the first switch 13 and the fourth switch 16 are closed, while the second switch 14 and the third switch 15 are open. Current flows forward through the semiconductor module 3 and the electromagnet 10. The magnetic poles of the electromagnet 10 are aligned with those of the fixed magnet 11, creating a repulsive force between them. This causes the inner cylinder of the connecting sleeve 6 to slide out of the outer cylinder, pushing the solar panel 1 away from the building wall and allowing the heat transfer tubes to... The semiconductor module 3 is separated from the indoor unit by a heat transfer pipe 4, with its cold end facing the interior and its hot end facing the phase change mortar inner wall 2. Under voltage, the semiconductor module 3 begins to release cold and heat to the insulating thermally conductive ceramic sheet 7 and the phase change mortar inner wall 2, respectively. The cold energy is supplied to the interior, regulating the indoor thermal environment, lowering the temperature, and increasing the comfort of the people inside. The heat at the other end is stored in the phase change material, which is paraffin wax. The paraffin wax absorbs heat and gradually melts, carrying away the waste heat generated at the hot end. The heat stored inside the paraffin wax is connected to the outside air through the heat transfer pipe 4, releasing heat through air convection. The phase change material is regenerated and can continue to absorb heat generated outside the interior during the cooling operation mode.
[0032] In winter, indoor heating is required. When the heating mode is turned on, the second switch 14 and the third switch 15 are closed, and the first switch 13 and the fourth switch 16 are open. The current flows in reverse through the semiconductor module 3 and the electromagnet 10. The electromagnet 10 and the fixed magnet 11 generate an attraction force, causing the solar panel 1 to move towards the building wall, connecting the heat transfer pipe 4 and the solar panel back interface 5. The hot end of the semiconductor module 3 faces the indoor environment, and the cold end faces the phase change material. Under the action of voltage, the semiconductor module 3 begins to release heat and cold energy to the insulating thermally conductive ceramic sheet 7 and the phase change mortar inner wall 2, respectively. The heat is supplied to the indoor environment, regulating the indoor thermal environment, increasing the temperature, and increasing the comfort of the people in the room. The cold energy at the other end is absorbed by the phase change material, and the phase change material undergoes a phase change. The paraffin absorbs the cold energy and gradually solidifies, storing the cold energy in the material. The heat generated by the solar panel 1 during energy conversion is collected in the heat transfer pipe 4 and continuously supplied to the phase change material to offset the cold energy stored in the phase change material. The phase change material can be regenerated and can continue to absorb the cold generated on the non-indoor side during heating operation.
[0033] Through the above steps, the solar panel system 1 provides power, and the Peltier effect of the semiconductor module 3 inputs cooling or heating into the building. Furthermore, it can rapidly switch between cooling and heating based on electrical signals. Phase change mortar walls 2, constructed using phase change materials, provide insulation for the building envelope and store heat generated by the semiconductor or solar cells. Combined with the mechanical structure of the connecting sleeve 6, this allows for the regeneration of the phase change materials, ensuring long-term stable operation of the system.
Claims
1. A thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures, comprising a solar power panel (1); characterized in that: It also includes a phase change mortar inner wall (2) and a limiting component. The solar power panel (1) is located on the outside of the building wall. The inner side of the building wall is provided with a phase change mortar inner wall (2). The phase change mortar inner wall (2) is constructed by mixing mortar and phase change material. The side of the phase change mortar inner wall (2) near the interior is provided with a semiconductor module (3) for heating and cooling. The side of the semiconductor module (3) near the interior is provided with an insulating thermally conductive ceramic sheet (7). The building wall is provided with a heat transfer pipe (4). The heat transfer pipe (4) runs horizontally through the inside and outside of the building wall. The connection between the solar power panel (1) and the heat transfer pipe (4) is provided with a solar panel back interface (5). The connection between the solar power panel (1) and the building wall is provided with a retractable connecting sleeve (6). The connecting sleeve (6) is provided with an electromagnet (10) and a fixed magnet (11). The connecting sleeve (6) is provided with a limiting component.
2. The thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting sleeve (6) is divided into two parts, an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder. The outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the building wall and the fixed magnet (11), while the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the solar power panel (1) and the electromagnet (10).
3. A thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting component includes a limiting groove (8) and a spring limiting block (9). The limiting groove (8) is provided at one end of the inner cylinder of the connecting sleeve (6), and the spring limiting block (9) is provided on the inner side of the outer cylinder of the connecting sleeve (6).
4. A thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit section includes a battery (12), a first switch (13), a second switch (14), a third switch (15), and a fourth switch (16). The battery (12) is electrically connected to the solar panel (1), the semiconductor module (3), and the electromagnet (10).
5. A thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The circuit is an H-type circuit. The first switch (13) and the second switch (14) are electrically connected to the same pole of the storage battery (12), and the third switch (15) and the fourth switch (16) are electrically connected to the other pole of the storage battery (12).
6. A thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first switch (13) and the third switch (15) are located on the same pole of the semiconductor module (3) and the electromagnet (10), while the second switch (14) and the fourth switch (16) are located on the other pole of the semiconductor module (3) and the electromagnet (10).
7. A thermally active wall based on solar energy, semiconductors, and elastic mechanical structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semiconductor module (3) is composed of N-type and P-type semiconductors, which are arranged in a linear alternation.