Anchoring device for rock slopes

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anchoring device for rock slope relates to anchoring device field, and to the problem of complex structure of existing anchor rod, low reliability, adopts the anchor rod of simple structure, expansion bar and annular locking sleeve and anchor thorn combination, through the expansion bar of locking sleeve drive and gather the device into the borehole conveniently, push locking sleeve when adjusting expansion bar position in the borehole, and anchor thorn cuts off locking sleeve and makes expansion bar automatic expansion anchoring, simplifies the anchoring process, eliminates the hidden danger of anchoring failure from the part jamming from the structural design, and effectively solves the defects of prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of anchoring devices, and in particular to an anchoring device for rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] An anchor is a structural component used to reinforce rock and soil. It is usually made of high-strength steel. One end is connected to the engineering structure, and the other end is inserted into the stratum. Through the bonding friction between the anchor section and the rock and soil, the stability and bearing capacity of the rock and soil are increased.

[0003] Patent application CN 115182365 A discloses a method for reinforcing anchor construction in slope engineering. The anchor rod includes an integrally formed free end, a free section, and an anchoring section. Several sets of expanded anchor spike structures are evenly spaced and connected to the anchoring section of the anchor rod. The anchoring section uses a forced outward expansion and rapid self-locking mechanism, making it difficult to pull out. Anchor rods or anchor cables can be used depending on different soil types and working conditions. Using expanded anchor spike structures on anchor rods or anchor cables enhances anchoring durability and strength. However, the overall structure of the anchor rod is relatively complex. The anchor spikes need to be installed on the side wall of the anchor rod via connecting plates and equipped with corresponding elastic elements to achieve the opening of the anchor spikes. This requires high precision and is prone to problems such as spring jamming, preventing the anchor spikes from opening and establishing anchoring, resulting in low reliability. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an anchoring device for rock slopes. It employs a simple combination of a screw-type anchor rod, an expansion rod, a ring-shaped locking sleeve, and an anchor spike. The locking sleeve drives the expansion rod to retract, facilitating insertion into the borehole. Adjusting the position of the expansion rod within the borehole pushes the locking sleeve, and the anchor spike cuts the locking sleeve, causing the expansion rod to automatically expand and anchor. This simplifies the anchoring process and eliminates the risk of anchoring failure due to component jamming, effectively solving the deficiencies of existing technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0006] An anchoring device for rock slopes includes an anchor rod and an expansion rod. One end of the anchor rod is connected to the expansion rod via a fixed rod. Multiple expansion rods are provided and are distributed at an incline relative to the axis of the fixed rod. All expansion rods are arranged around the axis of the fixed rod. A locking sleeve is provided over the expansion rod. The locking sleeve causes the expansion rod to bend and retract towards the axis of the fixed rod. After the locking sleeve constrains the anchor rod, the maximum outer diameter of the locking sleeve and the maximum outer diameter of the distribution area of ​​the anchor rod are both smaller than the borehole diameter. An anchor spike is provided on the expansion rod on one side of the locking sleeve. The anchor spike is used to cut the locking sleeve when the locking sleeve is obstructed from moving relative to the expansion rod. After the locking sleeve is cut off, the expansion rod expands and resets.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment, one end of the fixing rod is provided with a base, one end of the expansion rod is installed on the base, and the other end of the fixing rod is connected to the anchor rod.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment, the base is provided with a threaded hole, and the end of the fixing rod that connects to the base is an external threaded section that mates with the threaded hole.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, one end of the fixed rod connecting to the anchor rod is also provided with a threaded hole, and one end of the anchor rod is connected to the threaded hole through a threaded connection.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the anchor rod is a threaded rod, and the outer circumference of the anchor rod is provided with external threads along the entire length of the anchor rod axial direction.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, the expansion rod is also a screw rod, with an external thread extending along the outer circumference of the expansion rod along its axial direction.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment, the expansion rods are provided in four parts, and the axes of the four expansion rods are distributed according to the four lateral edges of a regular square pyramid.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment, the expansion rod is provided with anchor spikes, and the side of the anchor spike facing the locking sleeve is a cutting edge for cutting the locking sleeve.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment, the locking sleeve is located between the anchor bolt and the fixing rod.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment, the locking sleeve is an annular sleeve.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0017] To address the issues of complex structures and low reliability in existing anchor bolts, a simple combination of anchor bolt, expansion rod, annular locking sleeve, and anchor spike is adopted. The locking sleeve drives the expansion rod to retract, facilitating the insertion of the device into the borehole. When adjusting the position of the expansion rod inside the borehole, the locking sleeve is pushed, and the anchor spike cuts the locking sleeve, causing the expansion rod to automatically expand and anchor. This simplifies the anchoring process and eliminates the potential for anchoring failure due to component jamming from a structural design perspective, effectively solving the defects of existing technologies.

[0018] By simplifying the structure and reducing complex connecting pieces and elastic components, the precision requirements are lowered, and the problem of anchoring failure due to component jamming is avoided, thus improving the reliability of the device. By using the cooperation of locking sleeve and anchor spike, the expansion rod can automatically expand and anchor in the borehole, enhancing the anchoring force with the rock slope and improving the reinforcement effect of the rock slope. The threaded connection method facilitates installation and disassembly, improves construction efficiency, and reduces construction difficulty and cost. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an anchoring device for rock slopes in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the snap-fit ​​fixing of the grouting pipe in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Labeling explanations (in order of first appearance): 1. Expansion rod; 2. Fixing rod; 3. Anchor rod; 4. Locking sleeve; 101. Screw; 102. Base; 103. Anchor spike. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The existing anchor rod 3 in the reinforced anchoring construction method for slope engineering has the problem of complex overall structure. The anchor 103 needs to be installed on the side wall of the anchor rod 3 through a connecting piece and equipped with an elastic element to open. It has high precision requirements and is prone to spring jamming, which can prevent the anchor 103 from opening and establishing anchorage. The reliability is low and it is difficult to meet the requirements of stable and reliable anchorage for rock slopes in actual engineering. Based on this, this embodiment provides an anchoring device for rock slopes, which adopts a simple combination of anchor rod 3, expansion rod 1, annular locking sleeve 4 and anchor 103. The locking sleeve 4 drives the expansion rod 1 to close, making it easy to insert the device into the borehole. When adjusting the position of the expansion rod 1 in the borehole, the locking sleeve 4 is pushed. The anchor 103 cuts the locking sleeve 4, causing the expansion rod 1 to automatically expand and anchor, simplifying the anchoring process.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the anchoring device for rock slopes includes an anchor rod 3, an expansion rod 1, and a fixing rod 2. One end of the anchor rod 3 is connected to the expansion rod 1 through the fixing rod 2. There are multiple expansion rods 1, which are distributed at an incline relative to the axis of the fixing rod 2. All expansion rods 1 are arranged around the axis of the fixing rod 2. The expansion rod 1 is fitted with a locking sleeve 4, which causes the expansion rod 1 to bend and retract towards the axis of the fixing rod 2.

[0025] Anchor rod 3, as the main load-bearing component of the anchoring device, transfers the tensile force of the rock slope to the deep, stable rock and soil mass, thus reinforcing the slope. When the rock slope is subjected to external forces and tends to displace, anchor rod 3 will bear the tensile force. One end is connected to expansion rod 1 via fixing rod 2, and the other end extends into the stable rock and soil mass. Through friction and adhesion with the rock and soil mass, the tensile force of the slope is dispersed to a wider area of ​​the rock and soil mass, thereby resisting slope sliding and deformation, effectively enhancing the stability of the rock slope, improving the slope's bearing capacity, and reducing the risk of geological disasters such as landslides.

[0026] After the anchoring device is installed in the borehole, it expands to make close contact with the surrounding soil and rock, increasing the contact area between the anchoring device and the soil and rock, and improving the anchoring force. In the initial state, the expansion rod 1 is constrained by the locking sleeve 4 and bends and retracts towards the axis of the fixed rod 2. After the locking sleeve 4 constrains the anchoring rod, the maximum outer diameter of the locking sleeve 4 and the maximum outer diameter of the distribution area of ​​the anchoring rod are both smaller than the borehole diameter. At this time, the entire anchoring device can be smoothly placed into the borehole.

[0027] An anchor 103 is provided on the expansion rod 1 on one side of the locking sleeve 4. The anchor 103 is used to cut the locking sleeve 4 when it is obstructed from moving relative to the expansion rod 1. After the locking sleeve 4 is cut off, the expansion rod 1 expands and resets. When it reaches the designated position, it pulls the anchor rod 3 out of the borehole. The locking sleeve 4 is obstructed from moving relative to the expansion rod 1, so that the locking sleeve 4 is cut off by the anchor 103. After the expansion rod 1 is unrestrained, it expands and resets, and is tightly squeezed with the surrounding rock and soil, forming a greater anchoring force. This increases the contact area and friction between the anchoring device and the rock and soil, and improves the reliability and stability of the anchoring. It is especially suitable for rock slopes with complex geological conditions.

[0028] The fixing rod 2 connects the anchor rod 3 and the expansion rod 1, forming a unified whole and ensuring effective force transmission. Both ends of the fixing rod 2 are reliably connected to the anchor rod 3 and the expansion rod 1 respectively, transferring the tensile force borne by the anchor rod 3 to the expansion rod 1. This allows the expansion rod 1 to work collaboratively and jointly perform its anchoring function. The positive effect is that it ensures the stability of the connection between the various parts of the anchoring device and the effectiveness of force transmission, thus improving the overall performance of the device.

[0029] During the installation of the anchoring device, the locking sleeve 4 restrains the expansion rod 1, allowing it to be smoothly inserted into the borehole. Upon reaching the designated position, it automatically expands the expansion rod 1 in conjunction with the anchor spike 103. Before installation, the locking sleeve 4 is placed on the expansion rod 1, causing it to bend and retract towards the axis of the fixed rod 2, making the outer diameter of the entire device smaller than the borehole diameter for easier insertion. When the device reaches the bottom of the borehole, the anchor rod 3 pulls the expansion rod 1, causing the locking sleeve 4 to be unable to follow the expansion rod and anchor rod 3 outwards. This causes the locking sleeve 4 to move relative to the expansion rod 1. As it moves, the locking sleeve 4 abuts against the anchor spike 103, which continues to move with the expansion rod, thus cutting off the locking sleeve 4 and releasing the expansion rod 1. This simplifies the installation process of the anchoring device, improves construction efficiency, and ensures that the expansion rod 1 expands accurately in the appropriate position.

[0030] The anchor spike 103 can cut the locking sleeve 4, allowing the expansion rod 1 to expand and reset, thereby enhancing the anchoring force. When the locking sleeve 4 is obstructed from moving relative to the expansion rod 1, the anchor spike 103 uses its sharp blade to cut the locking sleeve 4, releasing the constraint on the expansion rod 1, allowing the expansion rod 1 to return to its initial inclined distribution state and make close contact with the surrounding rock and soil. This achieves automatic expansion of the expansion rod 1, avoids complex mechanical operations, and improves the reliability and practicality of the anchoring device.

[0031] One end of the fixed rod 2 is provided with a base 102, one end of the expansion rod 1 is installed on the base 102, and the other end of the fixed rod 2 is connected to the anchor rod 3. The base 102 realizes the connection between the expansion rod 1 and the fixed rod 2, and clarifies the connecting role of the fixed rod 2 between the anchor rod 3 and the expansion rod 1, making the structure of the entire anchoring device more stable and facilitating the transmission and distribution of force.

[0032] When installing the anchoring device, the expansion rod 1 is first installed on the base 102, and then the anchor rod 3 is connected to the base 102 with the expansion rod 1 via the fixing rod 2. When the rock slope is under stress, the force can be transmitted through the anchor rod 3 to the fixing rod 2, and then through the base 102 to the expansion rod 1, ensuring that the force can effectively act on each component and work together to achieve the anchoring effect. This enhances the stability of the connection between the components of the anchoring device, improves the reliability of the entire device, makes the anchoring effect more significant, and better adapts to the complex stress environment of the rock slope.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the base 102 has a threaded hole, and the end of the fixing rod 2 that connects to the base 102 is an external thread section that matches the threaded hole. The threaded connection makes the connection between the fixing rod 2 and the base 102 more secure and reliable, and facilitates disassembly and installation, making it convenient to assemble and adjust the device during construction.

[0034] During assembly, the threaded end of the fixing rod 2 is screwed into the threaded hole of the base 102. The tight thread fit ensures a secure connection between the fixing rod 2 and the base 102. For disassembly, simply rotate the fixing rod 2 in the reverse direction to remove it from the base 102, facilitating maintenance and component replacement. The threaded connection provides reliable strength, ensuring that the fixing rod 2 and base 102 will not loosen or detach under stress on a rock slope. Furthermore, the convenient disassembly and installation characteristics improve construction efficiency and reduce construction difficulty.

[0035] The fixed rod 2 is also provided with a threaded hole at one end that connects to the anchor rod 3. The anchor rod 3 is connected to the threaded hole by a threaded connection. The anchor rod 3 and the fixed rod 2 are reliably connected by a threaded connection, which ensures that the force can be smoothly transmitted from the anchor rod 3 to the fixed rod 2 and the expansion rod 1.

[0036] The threaded end of the anchor rod 3 is screwed into the threaded hole of the fixing rod 2. Through the engagement of the threads, the anchor rod 3 and the fixing rod 2 are tightly connected together. When the rock slope generates tension, the tension borne by the anchor rod 3 can be transmitted to the fixing rod 2 through the threaded connection.

[0037] Anchor rod 3 is a screw rod 101. Along the axial direction of anchor rod 3, the outer circumference of anchor rod 3 is provided with external threads. On the one hand, it is convenient to connect with fixing rod 2. On the other hand, when inserted into the rock and soil, the external threads can increase the friction and adhesion between anchor rod 3 and rock and soil, and improve the anchoring effect.

[0038] During installation, anchor rod 3 is connected to fixing rod 2 via external threads, forming a single unit. Anchor rod 3 is then inserted into the soil and rock mass. The external threads interlock with the soil and rock, increasing the contact area between anchor rod 3 and the soil and rock mass, thereby improving the anchoring force of anchor rod 3. This effectively resists the sliding and deformation of the rock slope, enhances the anchoring effect between anchor rod 3 and the soil and rock mass, and improves the stability of the rock slope. Simultaneously, it facilitates the connection of anchor rod 3 with other components, making the assembly of the entire anchoring device more convenient.

[0039] The expansion rod 1 is also a screw 101. Along the axial direction of the expansion rod 1, the outer circumference of the expansion rod 1 is provided with external threads. This is mainly to enable better bonding with the surrounding rock and soil after expansion, thereby increasing friction and anchoring force. At the same time, the external threads also facilitate the installation of other components (such as the locking sleeve 4).

[0040] After the expansion rod 1 expands, its external thread makes close contact with the surrounding soil and rock, increasing the contact area and thus improving the anchoring force between the expansion rod 1 and the soil and rock. In addition, when the locking sleeve 4 is installed, the external thread can better fit with the inner surface of the locking sleeve 4, ensuring that the locking sleeve 4 can effectively restrain the expansion rod 1.

[0041] The expansion rod 1 has four rods. The axes of the four expansion rods 1 are distributed along the four lateral edges of a regular square pyramid, which enables the expansion rod 1 to make uniform contact with the surrounding rock and soil after expansion, forming a stable anchoring structure and improving the overall stability and anchoring force of the anchoring device.

[0042] After the expansion rods 1 expand, the four expansion rods 1 are distributed in the borehole in the form of a regular square pyramid. They are in uniform contact with the surrounding rock and soil, and the anchoring force is evenly transferred to the rock and soil, avoiding excessive or insufficient local stress. This allows them to better resist forces from various directions on the rock slope and improves the stability of the anchoring device. The square pyramid distribution of the expansion rods 1 makes the anchoring force of the anchoring device more uniform, improving the reinforcement effect on the rock slope. The symmetrical structural design also enhances the overall stability of the device, enabling it to better adapt to complex geological environments.

[0043] Anchor spikes 103 are provided on the expansion rod 1. The side of the anchor spikes 103 facing the locking sleeve 4 is the cutting edge of the locking sleeve 4. In order to accurately cut the locking sleeve 4 when the locking sleeve 4 is obstructed from moving, the expansion rod 1 can expand and reset smoothly, so as to realize the automatic expansion function of the anchoring device.

[0044] Once the anchoring device is installed in the borehole and reaches the designated position, the moving anchor rod 3 moves the locking sleeve 4 and the expansion rod 1. The locking sleeve 4, being relatively large, is easily obstructed by uneven structures within the borehole and will move relative to the expansion rod 1 when encountering resistance. At this point, the cutting edge of the anchor spike 103 contacts and cuts the locking sleeve 4, releasing the constraint on the expansion rod 1. This allows the expansion rod 1 to expand and reset under elastic action, making close contact with the surrounding soil and rock.

[0045] The anchor 103 assists in the automatic expansion of the expansion rod 1, reducing the complexity and uncertainty of manual operation and improving the reliability and construction efficiency of the anchoring device. Simultaneously, the precise cutting function ensures that the expansion rod 1 expands at the appropriate time, guaranteeing the anchoring effect.

[0046] The locking sleeve 4 is located between the anchor 103 and the fixing rod 2, so that when pulled, the locking sleeve 4 can gradually approach the blade and be cut off by the blade of the anchor 103.

[0047] When installing the anchoring device, the locking sleeve 4 is placed on the expansion rod 1, positioning it between the anchor 103 and the fixing rod 2. During the insertion of the device into the borehole, the locking sleeve 4 restrains the expansion rod 1, allowing it to pass smoothly through the borehole. Once the device reaches the designated position, the locking sleeve 4, encountering resistance, moves towards the anchor 103 and is eventually cut off by the anchor 103, releasing the expansion rod 1.

[0048] Using a ring-shaped sleeve as the locking sleeve 4 can uniformly apply a restraining force to the expansion rod 1, allowing it to bend and retract uniformly towards the axis of the fixed rod 2 when restrained, ensuring smooth passage of the device through the drill hole during installation. The ring-shaped locking sleeve 4, when fitted onto the expansion rod 1, applies uniform pressure to its outer circumference due to its ring structure, causing the expansion rod 1 to bend and retract uniformly. During installation, this uniform restraint ensures that the outer diameter of the entire device is smaller than the drill hole diameter, facilitating the smooth insertion of the device into the drill hole.

[0049] During installation, the entire anchoring device is inserted into the rock slope through a drilled hole. At this time, the locking sleeve 4 restrains the expansion rod 1, causing it to bend and retract towards the axis of the fixed rod 2. The entire device can be smoothly inserted into the drill hole because the maximum outer diameter of the locking sleeve 4 and the maximum outer diameter of the distribution area of ​​the expansion rod 1 are both smaller than the diameter of the drill hole.

[0050] When anchoring is required, an external force is applied to prevent the locking sleeve 4 from moving relative to the expansion rod 1. For example, by pulling the anchor rod 3 outward from the borehole, the locking sleeve 4 is blocked from contacting the borehole wall, causing it to move towards the anchor spike 103. The anchor spike 103 on the expansion rod 1 then cuts off the locking sleeve 4. After losing the constraint of the locking sleeve 4, the expansion rod 1 expands and resets, changing from a contracted state to a state of expansion outward from the fixed rod 2 as the center. This creates a larger contact area and friction with the borehole wall of the rock slope, thus achieving the anchoring function.

[0051] The expansion rod 1 itself has a certain degree of elasticity or flexibility. When constrained by the locking sleeve 4, it is in a bent and contracted state. When the locking sleeve 4 is cut, its elasticity or flexibility allows it to return to its initial expanded state. In addition, the expansion rod 1 is inclined relative to the axis of the fixed rod 2. The inclined structural design allows the expansion rod 1 to naturally expand away from the axis of the fixed rod 2 when it is not constrained.

[0052] After expansion, the contact area between the expansion rod 1 and the rock borehole wall increases significantly. Simultaneously, the anchor spikes 103 on the expansion rod 1 embed themselves into the rock borehole wall during expansion, further increasing friction and engagement force. Multiple expansion rods 1 are arranged around the axis of the fixed rod 2, forming a cone-like structure that better disperses the anchoring force, making the connection between the anchoring device and the rock slope more stable, thereby effectively increasing the anchoring capacity.

[0053] The locking sleeve 4 needs to meet certain strength and toughness requirements, while also being able to be easily cut by the anchor 103. High-strength plastics, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), can be used, possessing high strength and rigidity, capable of restraining the expansion rod 1 to a certain extent, and being relatively easier to cut by the anchor 103 compared to metal materials. Furthermore, plastic materials have good corrosion resistance, adapting to the complex environment of rock slopes. Soft metals, such as pure aluminum or certain aluminum alloys, can also be used, possessing sufficient strength to restrain the expansion rod 1, while having relatively low hardness, making them easy to cut by the anchor 103. Locking sleeves 4 made of soft metals also have good ductility, capable of accommodating the bending and retraction of the expansion rod 1 to a certain extent.

[0054] The specific embodiments of the utility model have been described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications or substitutions to the utility model are also within the scope of the utility model. Therefore, all equivalent transformations, modifications, and improvements made without departing from the spirit and principles of the utility model should be covered within the scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. An anchoring device for rock slopes, characterized in that, It includes anchor bolts and expansion bolts. One end of the anchor bolt is connected to the expansion bolt via a fixed rod. There are multiple expansion bolts, which are distributed at an angle relative to the axis of the fixed rod. All expansion bolts are arranged around the axis of the fixed rod. A locking sleeve is fitted over the expansion bolt. The locking sleeve causes the expansion bolt to bend and retract towards the axis of the fixed rod. After the locking sleeve constrains the anchor bolt, the maximum outer diameter of the locking sleeve and the maximum outer diameter of the distribution area of ​​the anchor bolt are both smaller than the borehole diameter. An anchor spike is provided on the expansion bolt on one side of the locking sleeve. The anchor spike is used to cut the locking sleeve when the locking sleeve is obstructed from moving relative to the expansion bolt. After the locking sleeve is cut off, the expansion bolt expands and resets.

2. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the fixed rod is provided with a base, one end of the expansion rod is installed on the base, and the other end of the fixed rod is connected to the anchor rod.

3. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The base has a threaded hole, and the end of the fixing rod that connects to the base is an external thread section that mates with the threaded hole.

4. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The fixed rod is also provided with a threaded hole at one end of the anchor rod, and the anchor rod is connected to the threaded hole by a thread.

5. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The anchor rod is a threaded rod, and the outer circumference of the anchor rod is provided with external threads along the entire length of the anchor rod axial direction.

6. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The expansion rod is also a screw, and an external thread is provided along the outer circumference of the expansion rod along its axial direction.

7. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion rods are provided in four parts, and the axes of the four expansion rods are distributed according to the four lateral edges of a regular square pyramid.

8. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion rod is provided with anchor spikes, and the side of the anchor spike facing the locking sleeve is the cutting edge of the locking sleeve.

9. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The locking sleeve is located between the anchor and the fixing rod.

10. The anchoring device for rock slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The locking sleeve is a ring-shaped sleeve.

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