Operative channels and surgical channel devices for spinal surgery

Abstract

The utility model relates to surgical instrument technical field especially, more particularly to a kind of operation channel and surgical channel device for spinal operation, the utility model embodiment provides the operation channel for spinal operation, comprising: two bone hooks, two bone hooks are oppositely arranged, and the opposite side of two bone hooks is provided with first plug-in structure;Two plugboards, are set between two bone hooks, and the both ends of plugboard are respectively provided with second plug-in structure, and second plug-in structure is plugged with first plug-in structure, to make the both ends of plugboard respectively with two bone hooks detachably connected;Wherein, two bone hooks and two plugboards are enclosed into surgical operation space, the utility model embodiment provides the operation channel for spinal operation, both ensure the minimization of surgical trauma, meet the demand of space for surgical operation, improve the safety and effectiveness of DLIF surgery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of surgical instrument technology, and in particular to an operating channel and surgical channel device for spinal surgery. Background Technology

[0002] Lateral spinal surgery, especially DLIF (Direct Lateral Interbody Fusion) and XLIF (Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion), is a surgical procedure that uses a retroperitoneal approach and a lateral approach to the psoas major muscle to perform discectomy and interbody fusion. This surgery is suitable for the treatment of various spinal degeneration, deformities, and spondylolisthesis in the L2-L5 segment.

[0003] A prominent technical problem currently exists in common spinal surgery access methods: the contradiction between the access diameter and the incision size. To obtain sufficient operating space, a larger diameter surgical channel is needed; however, a larger diameter channel increases incision trauma and is more likely to damage surrounding tissues during insertion. While a smaller diameter channel facilitates insertion, it cannot meet the required operating space. Existing technology has not yet effectively resolved this contradiction.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a spinal surgery channel that can be inserted through a small incision and gradually expanded to form sufficient operating space, so as to achieve the unity of minimizing trauma and maximizing operating space. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides an operating channel and surgical channel device for spinal surgery. The operating channel for spinal surgery ensures minimal surgical trauma while meeting the space requirements of surgical operation, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of DLIF surgery.

[0006] In a first aspect, this utility model provides an operating channel for spinal surgery, comprising: two bone hooks arranged opposite each other, with a first insertion structure provided on one side of each bone hook; two insert plates disposed between the two bone hooks, with a second insertion structure provided at each end of the insert plates, the second insertion structure engaging with the first insertion structure to detachably connect the ends of the insert plates to the two bone hooks; wherein the two bone hooks and the two insert plates enclose a surgical operating space.

[0007] In one possible implementation, one of the first and second plug-in structures is a slot, and the other is a plug that can be plugged into the slot.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the first insertion structure is a slot, and the insertion end of the slot is provided with a limiting groove; the second insertion structure is a plug, and the end of the plug away from the insertion end is provided with a limiting block, which can be inserted into the limiting groove to limit the plug plate along the axial direction.

[0009] In one possible implementation, a first end face is provided at one end of the bone hook along the axial direction, and a second end face is provided at one end of the insert plate along the axial direction. When the limiting block is located in the limiting groove, the first end face and the second end face are coplanar.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the bone retractor is provided with a light source fixing hole, one end of which is located at the first end face, and the other end is connected to the surgical operating space.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a guide hole for positioning the bone positioning pin is provided on the first end face of the bone retractor, and the guide hole is provided at multiple angles.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the end of the bone retractor away from the first end face is provided with an insertion part, the width of the insertion part is gradually reduced towards the end away from the first end face, and the thickness of the insertion part gradually decreases towards the end away from the first end face.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the end of the insert plate away from the second end face is provided with a tip structure for pushing open the internal tissue.

[0014] Secondly, this utility model provides a surgical channel device, including: the above-mentioned operating channel for spinal surgery; a channel establishment component for positioning two bone hooks of the operating channel; and a spreading forceps for spreading the two bone hooks so that the distance between the two bone hooks is sufficient to insert a plate into the operating channel.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the channel establishment component includes: an orthopedic positioning rod with a flat structure at its front end for blunt dissection of paraspinal muscles; and a sheath fitted around the periphery of the orthopedic positioning rod.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the retractor includes: two retractor portions arranged opposite each other for insertion between the channel creation component and the bone retractor; and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting and maintaining the distance between the two retractor portions.

[0017] Thirdly, this utility model embodiment provides a method for using the above-mentioned surgical channel device, including: inserting an orthopedic positioning rod and fitting a sheath; inserting bone hooks along the sheath; spreading the two bone hooks to a preset distance using a spreading forceps; removing the orthopedic positioning rod and the sheath; and inserting two insert plates between the two bone hooks to form a surgical operating space.

[0018] This invention provides an operating channel for spinal surgery, which allows for tissue insertion with a small initial diameter via two bone retractors. During DLIF surgery, the surgeon first inserts two bone retractors into both sides of the target intervertebral space through a small incision. Since no inserts are installed between the bone retractors at this stage, the insertion requires only a small tissue channel, significantly reducing the risk of damage to surrounding soft tissues. This small-diameter insertion method is particularly suitable for DLIF surgery, which involves traversing the psoas major muscle, as minimal tissue dissection better protects muscle tissue and surrounding neurovascular structures. After the bone retractors are in place, the surgical space can be gradually expanded by opening the two retractors. This gradual tissue expansion process conforms to the physiological characteristics of human tissue, avoiding sudden tissue tearing. Once the predetermined expansion distance is reached, two inserts are then installed between the bone retractors. Through the detachable connection of the first and second insertion structures, the four components ultimately enclose a stable, closed operating channel. This step-by-step expansion method allows the final operating channel to have an inner diameter much larger than the initial incision, providing ample space for surgical operations. This approach minimizes surgical trauma while meeting the space requirements for surgical procedures, significantly improving the safety and effectiveness of DLIF surgery. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an operating channel for spinal surgery provided by this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a bone retractor provided by this utility model.

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an insert plate provided by this utility model.

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a bone retractor and channel creation component provided by this utility model.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spreading clamp and an operating channel provided by this utility model.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an operating channel and a bone positioning needle provided by this utility model.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 1. Bone retractor; 11. First insertion structure; 111. Slot; 1111. Limiting groove; 12. First end face; 13. Light source fixing hole; 14. Guide hole; 15. Insertion part;

[0030] 2. Insert plate; 21. Second insertion structure; 211. Insert block; 2111. Limiting block; 22. Second end face; 23. Tip structure;

[0031] 3. Surgical operating space;

[0032] 4. Channel establishment component; 41. Orthopedic positioning rod; 411. Flat structure; 42. Sheath;

[0033] 5. Spreading clamps; 51. Spreading part; 52. Adjustment mechanism;

[0034] 6. Bone positioning pin. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0036] The following is combined with Figure 1-8 This utility model provides an operating channel for spinal surgery, comprising: two bone retractors 1 and two insert plates 2, wherein:

[0037] Two bone hooks 1 are arranged opposite each other, and a first insertion structure 11 is provided on the opposite side of the two bone hooks 1.

[0038] Two insert plates 2 are disposed between two bone hooks 1. Each end of the insert plate 2 is provided with a second insertion structure 21. The second insertion structure 21 is inserted and engaged with the first insertion structure 11 so that the two ends of the insert plate 2 are detachably connected to the two bone hooks 1 respectively.

[0039] Among them, two bone retractors 1 and two insert plates 2 enclose the surgical operating space 3.

[0040] In this invention, two bone retractors 1 can be inserted into the tissue with a small initial diameter. During DLIF surgery, the surgeon first inserts the two bone retractors 1 into both sides of the target intervertebral space through a small incision. Since the insert plate 2 has not yet been installed between the bone retractors 1 at this time, the insertion of the bone retractors 1 only requires a very small tissue channel, which significantly reduces the risk of damage to the surrounding soft tissues. This small-diameter insertion method is particularly suitable for the characteristics of DLIF surgery that require passage through the psoas major muscle, because minimal tissue separation can better protect muscle tissue and surrounding neurovascular structures. After the bone retractors 1 are in place, the surgical space can be gradually expanded by spreading the two bone retractors 1. This gradual tissue expansion process conforms to the physiological characteristics of human tissue and avoids sudden tissue tearing. When the predetermined spreading distance is reached, the two insert plates 2 are then installed between the bone retractors 1. Through the detachable connection of the first insertion structure 11 and the second insertion structure 21, the four components finally enclose a stable closed surgical operating space 3. This step-by-step expansion method allows the final surgical operating space 3 to have an inner diameter much larger than the initial incision, providing ample space for surgical operations. This approach minimizes surgical trauma while meeting the space requirements for surgical procedures, significantly improving the safety and effectiveness of DLIF surgery.

[0041] In addition, this modular design offers further advantages. Due to its detachable connection, each component can be individually packaged and sterilized, meeting the requirements for single-use. Simultaneously, the detachable feature facilitates the final removal of the channel, avoiding secondary damage that might occur with complete extraction. Furthermore, the enclosed channel structure effectively isolates the surgical area, preventing surrounding soft tissue from interfering with the surgical view, thus improving the precision and safety of the surgical procedure.

[0042] Specifically, the structural combination of two opposing bone retractors 1 and two insert plates 2 positioned between them solves the technical problem of the lack of a dedicated channel in existing spinal lateral approach surgery. The opposing design of the two bone retractors 1 allows for the support and separation of tissues at the surgical site from both sides during the procedure. Once the two bone retractors 1 are inserted into the surgical site, they effectively separate and fix the surrounding soft tissues, creating a clear surgical field for subsequent operations. This design avoids the need to directly fix the retractors to the vertebral body in traditional surgery, thus reducing the risk of damage to important tissues such as blood vessels and nerves. The design of two insert plates 2 positioned between the two bone retractors 1, through the cooperation of the first insertion structure 11 and the second insertion structure 21, achieves a detachable connection between the insert plates 2 and the bone retractors 1. This detachable connection method allows for the step-by-step installation of individual components according to surgical needs, making the surgical operation more flexible; each component can be separately packaged and sterilized for single use, improving surgical safety. The surgeon can first install bone retractors 1 for initial retraction, and then install the insert 2 after confirming proper positioning. This progressive channel establishment process is safer and more controllable. Furthermore, once the two bone retractors 1 and two inserts 2 are fully installed, they together form a closed surgical operating space 3. This closed channel structure effectively isolates the surgical area from surrounding tissues, preventing surrounding soft tissues from entering the surgical field of vision, and also avoiding accidental damage to surrounding tissues by surgical instruments. In DLIF surgery, especially when dealing with intervertebral discs and placing fusion cages, the closed channel provides a stable operating space, improving the precision and safety of the surgery.

[0043] Furthermore, the design of the entire surgical operating space 3 fully considers the special requirements of the lateral decubitus position in DLIF surgery. The overall structure of the channel provides sufficient strength to support the surrounding tissues without being too bulky and affecting the surgical operation. This design makes the insertion and removal of surgical instruments very convenient, without jamming or collision.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the insert 2 includes various sizes, allowing the surgical operating space 3 to have different sizes. By inserting inserts 2 of different sizes between two bone retractors 1, surgical operating spaces 3 with different inner diameters can be formed. Specifically, the spacing between the two bone retractors 1 is 25mm or 28mm.

[0045] In some embodiments, one of the first plug-in structure 11 and the second plug-in structure 21 is a slot 111, and the other is a plug block 211 that can be plugged into the slot 111.

[0046] This embodiment of the invention specifically defines the first insertion structure 11 and the second insertion structure 21 as employing a slot 111 and a plug 211 in a mating manner. This specific structural design solves the technical problem of unstable connections between surgical channel components. In this mating structure of slot 111 and plug 211, because there are mutually mating contact surfaces, it can provide support in multiple directions under stress. During DLIF surgery, the surgical channel is subjected to forces from different directions, including the rebound force of surrounding tissues, the operating force of surgical instruments, and the force exerted during implant placement. The mating structure of slot 111 and plug 211 can effectively resist these forces from different directions, maintaining the shape stability of the channel.

[0047] Furthermore, the design of the slot 111-insert block 211 structure makes the assembly process intuitive and controllable. In actual surgical procedures, the surgeon can clearly perceive through touch whether the insert block 211 has been fully inserted into the slot 111, avoiding channel instability caused by incomplete assembly. This structural design requires no additional installation tools or complicated operating procedures, enabling rapid assembly or disassembly when necessary during surgery.

[0048] This plug-in design facilitates cleaning and disinfection. There are no dead corners or tiny gaps on the contact surfaces of the slot 111 and the insert 211, thus preventing contaminant residue and ensuring thorough disinfection. Furthermore, this structure is suitable for single-use product designs and allows for mass production using processes such as injection molding, improving product consistency.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, the slot 111-block 211 structure facilitates quick disassembly when the surgeon needs to adjust the channel position or remove the channel at the end of the surgery. This controlled disassembly process does not cause additional damage to surrounding tissues, nor does it affect the outcome of the completed surgical procedure.

[0050] Specifically, each insert plate 2 is connected to the first insert structure 11 of the two bone hooks 1 at both ends along the width direction through the second insert structure 21; the two ends of each bone hook 1 are connected to the second insert structure 21 of the two insert plates 2 through the first insert structure 11, thereby forming a hollow cylindrical structure to form a surgical operation space 3. The surgical operation space 3 isolates the surrounding tissues and performs surgical operations inside.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first insertion structure 11 is a slot 111, and the insertion end of the slot 111 is provided with a limiting groove 1111; the second insertion structure 21 is a plug 211, and the end of the plug 211 away from the insertion end is provided with a limiting block 2111, which can be inserted into the limiting groove 1111 to limit the plug plate 2 along the axial direction.

[0052] This embodiment of the invention further defines the specific structure of the slot 111 having a limiting groove 1111 at the insertion end and the insert 211 having a limiting block 2111 at the end away from the insertion end. This design solves the technical problem of possible axial displacement of the surgical channel during use. The limiting groove 1111 and the limiting block 2111 form a mechanical locking mechanism. When the insert 211 is fully inserted into the slot 111, the limiting block 2111 will enter the limiting groove 1111, thereby effectively limiting the insert 2 axially. This limiting structure is particularly important because in DLIF surgery, the entry and exit of surgical instruments will generate axial pushing and pulling forces on the channel. Without a reliable limiting structure, the insert 2 may experience axial displacement during use. This limiting structure design provides clear feedback during assembly. In actual operation, when the limiting block 2111 enters the limiting groove 1111, the operator can feel a clear locking sensation. This tactile feedback helps the doctor confirm that the component has been fully installed, avoiding potential safety hazards caused by improper assembly.

[0053] Furthermore, the limiting structure is designed as an integrated unit, eliminating the need for additional parts or tools. This design ensures both the simplicity and reliability of the product structure and avoids issues such as lost parts or the need for specialized tools during surgery. During sterilization and disinfection, this integrated design also makes it easier to guarantee effective cleaning.

[0054] In some embodiments, the bone retractor 1 is provided with a first end face 12 at one end in the axial direction, and the insert plate 2 is provided with a second end face 22 at one end in the axial direction. When the limiting block 2111 is located in the limiting groove 1111, the first end face 12 and the second end face 22 are coplanar.

[0055] In this invention, by designing the first end face 12 and the second end face 22 to remain coplanar when the limiting block 2111 is located within the limiting groove 1111, a completely flat upper end of the surgical channel is structurally achieved. During DLIF surgery, different surgical instruments, such as scrapers, curettes, and files, need to be frequently changed, and an interbody fusion device also needs to be placed. If the upper end of the channel is uneven, instruments may collide or become stuck when entering or exiting the channel, increasing the difficulty and risk of the surgery. The coplanar end face design ensures smooth movement of instruments within the channel.

[0056] Furthermore, the coplanar design of the end faces provides a stable supporting plane for the installation of auxiliary devices during surgery. For example, when installing cold light sources, camera systems, or other surgical aids, the flat end faces provide a reliable mounting base, preventing the auxiliary devices from shaking or falling off due to uneven mounting surfaces. This is of great significance for ensuring the stability of the surgical field and the precision of surgical procedures.

[0057] In practical applications, the coplanar design of the end faces can also serve as a visual criterion for judging whether the assembly is in place. Doctors can visually check whether the end faces are completely flush to confirm whether each component is correctly installed. This visual feedback, combined with the tactile feedback of the limiting structure, provides a double guarantee for the reliability of the channel assembly.

[0058] Finally, the coplanar design also helps prevent the accumulation of bodily fluids or irrigation fluids during surgery at the upper end of the channel. The flat surface allows fluids to flow into the channel or be suctioned away in a timely manner, keeping the surgical area clean and improving the clarity of the surgical field.

[0059] In some embodiments, the bone retractor 1 is provided with a light source fixing hole 13, one end of which is located at the first end face 12, and the other end is connected to the surgical operation space 3.

[0060] In this invention, the light source fixing hole 13 is located at the first end face 12 and communicates with the surgical operating space 3. This design allows the light source to directly illuminate the surgical area. In DLIF surgery, due to the side approach and the deep surgical site, traditional external lighting often fails to provide sufficient illumination. By directly setting the light source fixing hole 13 on the bone retractor 1, the light source can be placed inside the channel, achieving illumination closer to the surgical area and improving the clarity of the surgical field.

[0061] Secondly, the design of the light source fixing hole 13 takes into account the fixing requirements of the cold light source optical fiber. One end of the fixing hole is located at the first end face 12, which facilitates the insertion and adjustment of the optical fiber; the other end is connected to the surgical operating space 3, ensuring that the light can effectively illuminate the surgical area. This design ensures the stability of the light source without affecting the operating space of surgical instruments. In practical applications, the optical fiber is fixed in the fixing hole without loosening or displacement, avoiding the problem of repeatedly adjusting the position of the light source during surgery.

[0062] Specifically, since the light source fixation hole 13 is an integral part of the bone retractor 1 structure, no additional fixation device is required. This integrated design reduces the number of accessories used during surgery and simplifies the procedure. At the same time, the placement of the light source fixation hole 13 does not affect the main function of the bone retractor 1, ensuring the simplicity and reliability of the product structure.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first end face 12 of the bone retractor 1 is provided with a guide hole 14 for positioning the bone positioning pin 6, and the guide hole 14 is provided with a variety of angles.

[0064] In this invention, the bone retractor 1 features multiple angle guide holes 14 on its first end face 12. This design solves the technical problem of inaccurate insertion angle of the bone positioning pin 6 during DLIF surgery. The multiple guide holes 14 at different angles on the first end face 12 of the bone retractor 1 provide precise path guidance for the insertion of the bone positioning pin 6. During DLIF surgery, due to differences in the anatomical structures of different segments (L2-L5), different insertion angles of the bone positioning pin 6 need to be selected according to the specific situation. Through the pre-set multi-angle guide holes 14, the surgeon can select the most suitable insertion angle based on the specific conditions of the surgical site, avoiding errors that may arise from estimating the angle based on experience.

[0065] The design of the guide holes 14 prioritizes ease of surgical operation. Each guide hole 14 has a clearly defined angle indicator, allowing the surgeon to intuitively select the desired angle. This design reduces the number of repeated positioning attempts, shortens surgical time, and lowers the risk of damage to surrounding tissues. The optimized arrangement of the multiple guide holes 14 ensures a sufficient range of angle selection without affecting the primary function of the surgical channel. Appropriate spacing is maintained between the guide holes 14 to avoid mutual interference while also ensuring the overall structural strength of the bone retractor 1. The design of the guide holes 14 also facilitates use with other surgical instruments. For example, when X-ray positioning is required, the surgical path can be pre-determined through the guide holes 14, improving positioning accuracy. This design makes the entire surgical process more standardized and controllable.

[0066] Specifically, each bone retractor 1 has four guide holes 14 on its first end face 12. The angles between the four guide holes 14 and the axial direction of the surgical operating space 3 are 5°, 8°, 11°, and 14°, respectively. Alternatively, the angles can be 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°.

[0067] In some embodiments, the bone retractor 1 is provided with an insertion portion 15 at the end away from the first end face 12. The width of the insertion portion 15 gradually decreases towards the end away from the first end face 12, and the thickness of the insertion portion 15 gradually decreases towards the end away from the first end face 12.

[0068] In this invention, the insertion portion 15 of the bone retractor 1 at the end away from the first end face 12 features a special design, including a gradually narrowing width towards the end away from the first end face 12 and a gradually thinning thickness towards the end away from the first end face 12. The gradually narrowing width of the insertion portion 15 conforms to the physiological characteristics of tissue separation in the human body. In DLIF surgery, the bone retractor 1 needs to be inserted into the lateral aspect of the vertebral body through a small incision (approximately 2 cm), passing through multiple layers of muscle tissue. The gradually narrowing design allows the bone retractor 1 to gradually expand the tissue gap, rather than forcibly pushing the tissue apart using a uniform width structure. This gradual tissue separation method can significantly reduce damage to surrounding soft tissues and lower the incidence of postoperative complications.

[0069] The gradually thinning design of the insertion section 15 further optimizes the insertion process. When the tip of the bone retractor 1 contacts the tissue, the thinner thickness allows for easier insertion into the tissue gap. As the insertion depth increases, the thickness gradually increases. This variation ensures both smooth insertion and sufficient strength to support the surrounding tissue once fully in place. In practical applications, this design allows surgeons to experience less resistance when inserting the bone retractor 1, improving the precision and safety of the operation. The combined design of tapering and thinning also offers advantages in structural mechanics. Once the bone retractor 1 is fully inserted, its overall shape evenly distributes pressure from the surrounding tissue, avoiding localized stress concentration. This stress distribution characteristic protects the surrounding tissue and extends the product's lifespan. This design also considers situations where the position of the bone retractor 1 may need to be adjusted during surgery. The gradient structure allows the bone retractor 1 to move smoothly even when fine-tuning its position is required, without causing secondary damage to the already separated tissue.

[0070] In some embodiments, the end of the insert plate 2 away from the second end face 22 is provided with a tip structure 23 for pushing open the internal tissue.

[0071] In this invention, a pointed structure 23 is provided at the end of the insert 2 furthest from the second end face 22. This design solves the technical problem of potential tissue damage during the insertion of the insert 2. The pointed structure 23 allows the insert 2 to be inserted more smoothly into the gap between the bone retractors 1. In DLIF surgery, after the two bone retractors 1 are fixed in place, the insert 2 needs to be inserted on both sides to form a complete surgical channel. The pointed structure 23 acts as a guide, allowing the insert 2 to be inserted smoothly along the predetermined path, avoiding deviation and jamming during insertion.

[0072] Specifically, this structure is designed to push aside internal tissues, a feature that significantly improves the safety of plate 2 installation. In practical applications, even after the two bone retractors 1 have separated the main tissues, some soft tissue may still remain in the installation path. The tip structure 23 gently pushes away these tissues instead of directly squeezing or shearing them, thus maximizing the protection of the tissue structures surrounding the surgical area. The design of the tip structure 23 also takes into account the sealing requirements of the surgical channel. Once plate 2 is fully installed, the tip structure 23 can form a good fit with the surrounding tissues, preventing tissue from rebounding into the surgical channel and ensuring the clarity of the surgical field and the stability of the operating space. This design also facilitates the removal of plate 2. When the channel needs to be removed at the end of the surgery, the presence of the tip structure 23 allows the soft tissue to gradually return to its original position, avoiding potential tissue damage caused by sudden removal.

[0073] This utility model embodiment provides a surgical channel device, including: the above-mentioned operating channel for spinal surgery; a channel establishment component 4 for positioning two bone hooks 1 in the surgical operating space 3; and a spreading forceps 5 for spreading the two bone hooks 1 so that the distance between the two bone hooks 1 is sufficient to insert the insert plate 2 in the surgical operating space 3.

[0074] In this invention, the surgical operating space 3, the channel establishment component 4, and the retractor 5 are integrated into a complete surgical channel device, achieving standardization and systematization of the surgical process. In DLIF surgery, channel establishment is a gradual process requiring the cooperation of multiple instruments. System integration ensures the precision of cooperation between the various components, avoiding compatibility issues that may arise when using products from different manufacturers.

[0075] Specifically, the design of the retractor 5 is specifically designed to control the distance between the two bone retractors 1. In practical applications, the bone retractors 1 need to maintain an appropriate retraction distance, ensuring sufficient space for insertion of the insert plate 2 without over-retraction that could cause tissue damage. The design of the retractor 5 allows the surgeon to precisely control the degree of retraction, improving the safety of the surgery. The configuration of the channel establishment component 4 ensures the precise positioning of the surgical channel. In DLIF surgery, the accuracy of the channel position directly affects the surgical outcome. The dedicated channel establishment component 4 allows the correct surgical path to be determined at the beginning of the procedure, avoiding positional deviations in subsequent operations.

[0076] In some embodiments, the channel establishment component 4 includes: an orthopedic positioning rod 41, the front end of which is provided with a flat structure 411 for bluntly separating paraspinal muscles; and a sheath 42, which is sleeved around the periphery of the orthopedic positioning rod 41.

[0077] This embodiment of the invention specifically defines the structural features of the channel establishment component 4, including an orthopedic positioning rod 41 and a blunt-separation flat structure 411 at its front end, as well as a sheath 42 sleeved around the periphery of the orthopedic positioning rod 41. This design solves the technical problem of potential damage to important blood vessels and nerves during the initial channel establishment process in DLIF surgery. The flat structure 411 at the front end of the orthopedic positioning rod 41 embodies a safety-first design philosophy. In DLIF surgery, it is necessary to pass through the psoas major muscle to reach the surgical target location. This process involves encountering multiple layers of muscle tissue while avoiding important nerves and blood vessels. The flat structure 411 can gently separate tissues instead of using a sharp cutting method. This design significantly reduces the risk of damage to important tissues such as blood vessels and nerves. In practical applications, doctors can feel the change in tissue resistance during blunt separation, thereby judging whether they are close to important structures and improving surgical safety.

[0078] Specifically, the design of a sheath 42 surrounding the orthopedic positioning rod 41 enables gradual tissue expansion. After the orthopedic positioning rod 41 establishes its initial path, the sheath 42 further expands the channel diameter, creating conditions for the subsequent placement of the bone retractor 1. This gradual expansion process conforms to the physiological characteristics of human tissue, avoiding potential damage from sudden tissue expansion. Simultaneously, the sheath 42 also protects the separated tissue, preventing tissue rebound from affecting subsequent operations. The design of the orthopedic positioning rod 41 and sheath 42 also provides guidance. The sheath 42 can be inserted along the established safe path of the orthopedic positioning rod 41. This design ensures that the expansion process remains on the predetermined safe path, preventing deviation during expansion. In practical applications, this guiding function helps surgeons to more confidently complete the channel establishment process. The design of this component also considers the ergonomic requirements of surgical procedures. The length, diameter, and other parameters of the orthopedic positioning rod 41 and sheath 42 have been optimized for easy control by the surgeon, reducing surgical fatigue. Meanwhile, the component surface is specially treated to provide appropriate friction, which ensures operational stability without increasing insertion resistance.

[0079] In some embodiments, the spreading clamp 5 includes: two spreading portions 51, which are arranged opposite to each other for insertion between the channel establishing component 4 and the bone retractor 1; and an adjusting mechanism 52 for adjusting and maintaining the distance between the two spreading portions.

[0080] This embodiment of the invention specifically defines the structural features of the dispersing forceps 5, including two opposing dispersing parts and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the distance between the dispersing parts. This design solves the technical problem of uncontrollable dispersing process of the bone retractor 1 in existing DLIF surgery. The two opposing dispersing parts are specifically designed for insertion between the channel establishment component 4 and the bone retractor 1. This design ensures accurate positioning of the dispersing force application point, avoiding potential damage from direct application to the vertebral body in traditional methods. In practical applications, a stable support structure is formed between the dispersing parts and the bone retractor 1, making the dispersing process more controllable.

[0081] Specifically, the adjustable mechanism allows surgeons to precisely control the distance between the two retractors. In DLIF surgery, differences in patient size and the anatomical characteristics of different intervertebral spaces necessitate varying retractor distances. The adjustable mechanism allows surgeons to precisely adjust the retractor degree according to the specific situation, ensuring sufficient operating space without over-retraction. This adjustability significantly improves the adaptability and safety of the surgery. The overall design of the retractor 5 takes into account the mechanical balance during the procedure. The two retractors evenly distribute the retractor force, avoiding localized stress concentration. The adjustable mechanism provides stable support, maintaining the stability of the retractor distance even during prolonged surgeries. This design not only protects the patient's tissues but also reduces the surgeon's workload. The retractor 5 design also facilitates adjustments during the procedure. If a change in the retractor distance is needed, fine-tuning can be performed through the adjustable mechanism without complete removal and repositioning. This flexibility improves surgical efficiency and reduces tissue damage that may result from repeated adjustments.

[0082] The spreading part 51 is an arc-shaped plate with an arc that matches the arc of the inner side of the bone retractor 1, facilitating insertion between the bone retractor 1 and the sheath 42. The adjusting mechanism 52 includes two hinged handles. By pressing the two handles together, the two spreading parts 51 can be spread apart. A locking rack is provided between the two handles. One end of the locking rack is hinged to one of the handles, and the locking rack locks with the locking teeth on the other handle, thereby maintaining the distance between the two handles and the distance between the two spreading parts 51.

[0083] This utility model embodiment provides a method of using the above-mentioned surgical channel device, including:

[0084] S1. Insert the orthopedic positioning rod 41 and put on the sheath 42;

[0085] S2, Insert bone retractor 1 along sheath 42;

[0086] S3. Use the spreading clamps 5 to spread the two bone hooks 1 to the preset distance;

[0087] S4. Remove the orthopedic positioning rod 41 and the sheath 42;

[0088] S5. Insert the two insert plates 2 between the two bone hooks 1 to form the surgical operating space 3.

[0089] The first step, "inserting the orthopedic positioning rod 41 and fitting the sheath 42," embodies the safety principle of establishing the surgical pathway: the initial insertion of the orthopedic positioning rod 41 establishes a basic safe pathway. In DLIF surgery, the positioning rod can safely separate tissues such as the psoas major muscle, establishing a standardized path for subsequent operations. The tactile feedback transmitted by the positioning rod allows the surgeon to accurately determine tissue layers and avoid important blood vessels and nerve structures. The fitting of the sheath 42 achieves standardized tissue expansion. This gradual expansion process avoids sudden tissue tearing, while the sheath 42 also fixes the separated tissue, preventing its rebound from affecting subsequent operations.

[0090] The second step, "inserting the bone retractor 1 along the sheath 42," solves the problem of accurate positioning of the bone retractor 1: the sheath 42 acts as a guide structure, ensuring that the bone retractor 1 can accurately reach the target position along the predetermined path. This guided insertion method avoids positional deviations during the placement of the bone retractor 1 and reduces damage to surrounding tissues.

[0091] The third step, "using the spreading forceps 5 to spread the two bone retractors 1 to a preset distance," achieves precise and controllable tissue spreading: the spreading forceps 5 act directly on the bone retractors 1 rather than the vertebral body, avoiding direct force on the vertebral body. The preset distance design ensures standardized spreading degree, avoiding over-spreading or under-spreading. The mechanically controlled spreading method provides stable and reliable support, superior to traditional manual spreading methods.

[0092] The fourth step, "Removing the orthopedic positioning rod 41 and sheath 42," demonstrates the hierarchical nature of the surgical channel establishment process: removing the auxiliary instruments while the bone retractor 1 is stably supported prevents the collapse of the established channel. Clearing the auxiliary instruments provides ample space for subsequent procedures.

[0093] The fifth step, "inserting the two insert plates 2 between the two bone retractors 1 to form the surgical operating space 3," completes the closure of the surgical channel. The insertion process of the insert plates 2 provides a clear and precise feel, ensuring reliable installation. The resulting closed channel effectively isolates the surgical area, preventing surrounding tissues from interfering with the surgical procedure. The complete channel structure provides a stable space for the operation of surgical instruments.

[0094] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0095] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. An operating channel for spinal surgery, characterized in that, include: Two bone hooks (1) are arranged opposite to each other, and a first insertion structure (11) is provided on the opposite side of the two bone hooks (1). Two insert plates (2) are disposed between the two bone hooks (1). Each end of the insert plate (2) is provided with a second insertion structure (21). The second insertion structure (21) is inserted into and cooperates with the first insertion structure (11) so that the two ends of the insert plate (2) are detachably connected to the two bone hooks (1). The two bone retractors (1) and the two inserts (2) enclose the surgical operating space (3).

2. The operating channel for spinal surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the first plug-in structure (11) and the second plug-in structure (21) is a slot (111), and the other is a plug (211) that can be plugged into the slot (111).

3. The operating channel for spinal surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first plug-in structure (11) is a slot (111), and the insertion end of the slot (111) is provided with a limiting groove (1111). The second plug-in structure (21) is a plug block (211). A limiting block (2111) is provided at one end of the plug block (2111) away from the insertion end. The limiting block (2111) can be plugged into the limiting groove (1111) to limit the plug plate (2) along the axial direction.

4. The operating channel for spinal surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bone hook (1) has a first end face (12) on one axial end and the insert plate (2) has a second end face (22) on one axial end. When the limiting block (2111) is located in the limiting groove (1111), the first end face (12) and the second end face (22) are coplanar.

5. The operating channel for spinal surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bone retractor (1) is provided with a light source fixing hole (13). One end of the light source fixing hole (13) is located at the first end face (12), and the other end is connected to the surgical operation space (3).

6. The operating channel for spinal surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first end face (12) of the bone retractor (1) is provided with a guide hole (14) for positioning the bone positioning pin (6), and the guide hole (14) is provided with multiple angles.

7. The operating channel for spinal surgery according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, The bone retractor (1) is provided with an insertion part (15) at the end away from the first end face (12). The width of the insertion part (15) is gradually reduced towards the end away from the first end face (12), and the thickness of the insertion part (15) gradually decreases towards the end away from the first end face (12).

8. The operating channel for spinal surgery according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, The insert plate (2) has a pointed structure (23) for pushing open the internal tissue at one end away from the second end face (22).

9. A surgical access device, characterized in that, include: The operating channel for spinal surgery as described in any one of claims 1-8; Channel establishment component (4) for positioning two bone retractors (1) in the surgical operation space (3); A retractor (5) is used to retract the two bone hooks (1) so that the distance between the two bone hooks (1) is sufficient to insert the insert plate (2) of the surgical operating space (3).

10. The surgical channel device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The channel establishment component (4) includes: An orthopedic positioning rod (41) has a flat structure (411) at its front end for bluntly separating paraspinal muscles. A sheath (42) is fitted around the outer periphery of the orthopedic positioning rod (41).

Images