An antenna radiation unit and an antenna

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of mobile communication, and discloses an antenna radiation unit and an antenna, which comprise a radiation surface, four radiation arms in a square shape are symmetrically arranged on the radiation surface; each radiation arm comprises four current paths connected in a loop; a first decoupling ring and a second decoupling ring are arranged on each current path, the length of the first decoupling ring and the length of the second decoupling ring are both set as 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of a high-frequency radiation unit, and the interval between the second decoupling ring and the first decoupling ring along the current path is 0.22-0.28 times of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit. The high-frequency electromagnetic wave generated by self-induction of the low-frequency radiation unit can be suppressed, and the overall radiation performance of the antenna is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and in particular to an antenna radiating element and an antenna. Background Technology

[0002] As base station antennas evolve towards multi-band integration, they typically need to support multi-band, multi-standard network channels. In traditional multi-band antennas, the high-frequency and low-frequency radiating elements are spaced close together, leading to increased electromagnetic coupling. The high-frequency radiating element is located below the low-frequency radiating element; when the low-frequency radiating element operates, its generated high-frequency harmonics act on the high-frequency radiating element through near-field coupling, creating an unintended superposition with the electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency radiating element itself. This parasitic coupling effect causes radiation pattern distortion, ultimately degrading the high-frequency radiation pattern parameters and affecting the antenna's radiation performance. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an antenna radiating element and an antenna. By setting a decoupling loop in the radiating element, high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by the self-induction of the low-frequency radiating element are suppressed. This ensures the radiating effect of the low-frequency radiating element while suppressing high-frequency interference. The local decoupling loop design effectively improves the normal radiation of the high-frequency radiating element below the low-frequency radiating element, thereby enhancing the overall radiation performance of the antenna.

[0004] Therefore, the first aspect adopts a technical solution of an antenna radiating element, comprising:

[0005] A radiating surface, wherein four radiating arms are arranged symmetrically in a grid pattern on the radiating surface;

[0006] Each radiating arm includes four end-to-end current paths;

[0007] A first decoupling ring and a second decoupling ring are provided on each current path. The length of the first decoupling ring and the length of the second decoupling ring are both set to 0.2 to 0.3 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit. The distance between the second decoupling ring and the first decoupling ring along the current path is 0.22 to 0.28 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of this application, it can be further configured as follows:

[0009] The first decoupling ring and the second decoupling ring are open ring structures.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the opening directions of the first decoupling ring and the second decoupling ring may be further configured to be opposite to the center of the corresponding radiating arm.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this application, it may be further configured as follows:

[0012] Each radiating arm has four current paths, including a first current path, a second current path, a third current path, and a fourth current path that form a rectangular loop.

[0013] The corners of the rectangular loop are chamfered.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of this application, each radiating arm may further include an open-circuit decoupling stub, which is located at a corner away from the center of the radiating surface.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the length of the open-circuit decoupling stub can be further set to 0.2 to 0.3 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of this application, it can be further configured as follows:

[0017] It also includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the radiating arm includes a first radiating arm located in the first quadrant of the grid pattern, a second radiating arm located in the second quadrant, a third radiating arm located in the third quadrant, and a fourth radiating arm located in the fourth quadrant.

[0018] The first radiating arm and the third radiating arm are connected by the first feed line to form the first polarization dipole;

[0019] The second and fourth radiating arms are connected by a second feed line to form a second polarization dipole.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the first feed line and the second feed line may be configured as microstrip line structures.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the radiating surface may be further configured to be a metallized dielectric substrate.

[0022] In another aspect, this application also provides an antenna.

[0023] The technical solution adopted for this purpose is an antenna, including: the antenna radiating element described in the first aspect above.

[0024] In summary, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application include at least the following: the antenna radiating element proposed in this application includes a radiating surface, on which four radiating arms are arranged symmetrically in a grid pattern; each radiating arm includes four current paths connected end-to-end; a first decoupling loop and a second decoupling loop are arranged on each current path, the length of the first decoupling loop and the length of the second decoupling loop are both set to 0.2 to 0.3 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiating element, and the distance between the second decoupling loop and the first decoupling loop along the current path is 0.22 to 0.28 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiating element. By setting decoupling loops in the radiating element to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by the self-induction of the low-frequency radiating element, high-frequency interference is suppressed while ensuring its own radiation effect. The local decoupling loop design effectively improves the normal radiation of the high-frequency radiating element below the low-frequency radiating element, thereby improving the overall radiation performance of the antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna radiating element provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna radiating element provided in yet another exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna radiating element provided in yet another exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided as yet another exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 5 Gain diagram of an antenna radiating element provided as yet another exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 Gain diagram of a high-frequency radiating element matched with an antenna radiating element provided as yet another exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0032] Radiation surface 1, geometric center 1-0, radiation arm 2, first radiation arm 2a, second radiation arm 2b, third radiation arm 2c, fourth radiation arm 2d, current path 3, first decoupling ring 31, second decoupling ring 32, opening 31k of first decoupling ring 31, opening 32k of second decoupling ring 32, first current path 3a, second current path 3b, third current path 3c, fourth current path 3d, open-circuit decoupling stub 4, first feeder 5, second feeder 6, high-frequency radiation unit H. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Unless otherwise specified in the following embodiments of this application, the quantity of a component or element is implied; it means that the component or element may be one or more, or can be understood as at least one. "At least one" means one or more, and "more" means at least two.

[0035] The orientations and positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "counterclockwise", etc., used in the disclosed embodiments of this application are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0036] As base station antennas evolve towards multi-band integration, they typically need to support multi-band, multi-standard network channels. In traditional multi-band antennas, the high-frequency and low-frequency radiating elements are spaced close together, leading to increased electromagnetic coupling. The high-frequency radiating element is located below the low-frequency radiating element; when the low-frequency radiating element operates, its generated high-frequency harmonics act on the high-frequency radiating element through near-field coupling, creating an unintended superposition with the electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency radiating element itself. This parasitic coupling effect causes radiation pattern distortion, ultimately degrading the high-frequency radiation pattern parameters and affecting the antenna's radiation performance.

[0037] In view of the above problems, in an exemplary embodiment of the present application, an antenna radiation unit is proposed. This antenna radiation unit is a low-frequency radiation unit in a multi-band antenna. By setting a decoupling loop in the radiation unit, the high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by the self-induction of the low-frequency radiation unit can be suppressed, and high-frequency interference can be suppressed while ensuring its own radiation effect. Through the local decoupling loop design, the normal radiation of the high-frequency radiation unit below the low-frequency radiation unit is effectively improved, and the overall radiation performance of the antenna is enhanced.

[0038] The antenna radiation unit of the embodiment of the present application specifically includes a radiation surface, and four radiation arms symmetrically distributed in a "field" shape are arranged on the radiation surface; each radiation arm includes four current paths connected end to end; a first decoupling loop and a second decoupling loop are arranged on each current path, where the lengths of both the first decoupling loop and the second decoupling loop are set to be 0.2 to 0.3 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit, and the distance between the second decoupling loop and the first decoupling loop along the current path is 0.22 to 0.28 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit.

[0039] The antenna radiation unit includes but is not limited to full-wave radiation units, half-wave radiation units, and other forms of antenna radiation units.

[0040] Two series-connected decoupling loops are arranged on each current path, which is equivalent to forming a distributed band-stop filter structure on the current path. When the current propagates along the current path of the radiation arm and passes through the two decoupling loops in sequence, the first decoupling loop initially suppresses high-frequency interference, and the second decoupling loop further weakens the residual interference, forming a filtering effect with a wider stop band. The physical length setting of the decoupling loop can strengthen the suppression of electromagnetic waves in different frequency bands on the current path, and at the same time, the quarter-wave impedance transformation characteristic of the microstrip line can better match the impedance between the two decoupling loops, which is beneficial to the overall impedance matching of the radiation unit.

[0041] Refer to Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the antenna radiation unit shown in the embodiment of the present application.

[0042] The antenna radiation unit includes a radiation surface 1. The radiation surface 1 serves as the core carrier of the antenna radiation unit and usually adopts a metallized dielectric substrate. The shape of the radiation surface 1 can be a square or rectangular structure.

[0043] Four radiation arms 2 symmetrically distributed in a "field" shape are arranged on the radiation surface 1. The central symmetry axes of the four radiation arms 2 coincide with the geometric center 1-0 of the radiation surface 1. The four radiation arms 2 are arranged in the same way and are respectively distributed in the upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right of the radiation surface 1.

[0044] Each radiating arm 2 consists of four interconnected current paths 3, forming a rectangular loop current path. Each current path corresponds to a different direction of current transmission, and the current path is extended through geometric bending.

[0045] Two decoupling rings are provided on each current path 3, including a first decoupling ring 31 and a second decoupling ring 32. The first decoupling ring 31 is embedded at the beginning of each current path, and the length of the first decoupling ring 31 is 0.2 to 0.3λ. 高 , where λ 高 The wavelength corresponds to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiating element below the antenna radiating element. The first decoupling ring 31 is used to suppress harmonic interference other than the fundamental frequency. The second decoupling ring 32 is located downstream of the first decoupling ring 31, and the spacing between the second decoupling ring 32 and the first decoupling ring 31 along the current path is 0.22 to 0.28λ. 高 The length of the second decoupling ring 32 is also 0.2 to 0.3λ. 高 An LC resonance can be formed between the second decoupling ring 32 and the first decoupling ring 31, further filtering out high-frequency noise and optimizing impedance matching.

[0046] This antenna radiating element, through the coordinated design of a grid-shaped symmetrical radiating arm layout and a dual decoupling ring filter structure, effectively suppresses high-frequency interference while ensuring its own radiation effect within a limited space.

[0047] Continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, both the first decoupling ring 31 and the second decoupling ring 32 are open rings, and the width of the opening 31k of the first decoupling ring 31 does not exceed the width between the start and end points of the first decoupling ring 31, and the width of the opening 32k of the second decoupling ring 32 does not exceed the width between the start and end points of the second decoupling ring 32. Thus, the width of the opening limits the current flow to follow the ring path, requiring the current to circumnavigate the entire ring structure, extending the effective path length. When the current passes through the first decoupling ring 31 and the second decoupling ring 32, near the resonant frequency, the equivalent LC circuit exhibits high impedance, reflecting or absorbing electromagnetic energy at that frequency, forming effective band-stop filtering characteristics.

[0048] In some embodiments, the opening directions of the first decoupling ring 31 and the second decoupling ring 32 are opposite to the center 1-0 of the corresponding radiating arm. The center of the radiating surface is the main radiation source, and the fact that the openings of the decoupling rings are opposite to the center of the corresponding radiating arm can prevent the decoupling rings themselves from becoming radiation sources, thereby reducing interference with the main radiation mode.

[0049] In some embodiments, the four current paths of each radiating arm include a first current path, a second current path, a third current path, and a fourth current path forming a rectangular loop; wherein the first current path and the third current path are arranged in parallel, the second current path and the fourth current path are arranged in parallel, the first current path and the second current path are connected perpendicularly, and the corners of the rectangular loop adopt a chamfered structure.

[0050] For example, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the four current paths include a first current path 3a, a second current path 3b, a third current path 3c, and a fourth current path 3d forming a rectangular loop. Specifically, one end of the first current path 3a is connected to one end of the second current path 3b, the other end of the second current path 3b is connected to one end of the third current path 3c, the other end of the third current path 3c is connected to one end of the fourth current path 3d, and the other end of the fourth current path 3d is connected to the first current path 3a. Furthermore, the connections between the first current path 3a and the second current path 3b form chamfers, the connections between the second current path 3b and the third current path 3c form chamfers, the connections between the third current path 3c and the fourth current path 3d form chamfers, and the connections between the fourth current path 3d and the first current path 3a form chamfers.

[0051] It should be noted that the distance between the first decoupling ring 31 on the first current path 3a and the center 1-0 of the radiating surface is 0.125 to 0.25 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency antenna radiating element.

[0052] In some embodiments, each radiating arm further includes an open-circuit decoupling stub located at a corner away from the center of the radiating surface. Specifically, the open-circuit decoupling stub is located at the junction of two current paths away from the center of the radiating surface, extending into the gap region between them to maintain an open circuit.

[0053] Reference Figure 2 As shown, each radiating arm is also provided with an open-circuit decoupling stub 4.

[0054] In some embodiments, the length of the open-circuit decoupling stub 4 is set to 0.2 to 0.3 times the wavelength λ corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiating element. 高 The number of open-circuit decoupling stubs 4 on each radial arm is at least one, and in this application, the number of open-circuit decoupling stubs 4 on each radial arm is two. Exemplarily, the length of the open-circuit decoupling stub can be set to 0.2λ. 高 0.25λ 高 Or 0.3λ 高 The values ​​above are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the values. Open-circuit decoupling stubs can suppress electromagnetic waves at higher frequencies.

[0055] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the antenna radiating element also includes a first feed line 5 and a second feed line 6. The radiating arms 2 include a first radiating arm 2a, a second radiating arm 2b, a third radiating arm 2c, and a fourth radiating arm 2d. The first radiating arms 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are arranged in a tic-tac-toe pattern around the center of the radiating surface 1 in a counterclockwise direction. For example, the first radiating arm 2a is located in the first quadrant of the radiating surface 1 and is responsible for electromagnetic wave radiation in that region; the second radiating arm 2b is located in the second quadrant of the radiating surface 1; the third radiating arm 2c is located in the third quadrant of the radiating surface 1; and the fourth radiating arm 2d is located in the fourth quadrant of the radiating surface 1.

[0056] The first radiating arm 2a and the third radiating arm 2c are connected by the first feed line 5 to form a first polarization dipole. Current flows from the first radiating arm 2a to the third radiating arm 2c along the diagonal direction, exciting the corresponding polarized electromagnetic wave. The second radiating arm 2b and the fourth radiating arm 2d are connected by the second feed line 6 to form a second polarization dipole. Current flows from the second radiating arm 2b to the fourth radiating arm 2d along the other diagonal direction, exciting the corresponding polarized electromagnetic wave.

[0057] In some embodiments, the first feed line 5 and the second feed line 6 are microstrip line structures. For example, the first feed line 5 is a balun-fed positive line, and the second feed line 6 is a balun-fed negative line. The first feed line 5 and the second feed line 6 are arranged in an orthogonal crossover pattern, and the crossover point is isolated by a dielectric layer or a ground shield layer.

[0058] One embodiment of this application also provides an antenna, which includes the antenna radiating element described above. Applications of this antenna include, but are not limited to, base station antennas, radar antennas, phased array antennas, and other device antennas. The antenna also includes a high-frequency radiating element, see reference... Figure 4 As shown in the figure, L is the antenna radiating element proposed in this application, H is the high-frequency radiating element located below it, and H1 and H2 are the signal input lines of the high-frequency radiating element.

[0059] To verify the effectiveness of the antenna radiating element in this application, the gain of the radiating element was verified. (Refer to...) Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, Figure 5 It is the gain of the low-frequency radiating element. Figure 6This represents the gain of the high-frequency radiating element, where the vertical axis represents the element gain and the horizontal axis represents the frequency. Curve 1-a represents the low-frequency array gain without a decoupling loop design for the low-frequency radiating element; curve 1-b represents the low-frequency array gain with a decoupling loop design; curve 2-a represents the high-frequency array gain below the low-frequency band when the low-frequency radiating element is not designed with a decoupling loop; and curve 2-b represents the high-frequency array gain below the low-frequency band when the low-frequency radiating element is designed with a decoupling loop. It can be seen that the antenna radiating element provided in this application incorporates a decoupling loop, which can effectively suppress the generation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves without affecting the low-frequency radiation pattern, thereby improving the radiation pattern gain of the high-frequency radiating element.

[0060] The foregoing description illustrates and describes preferred embodiments of this application. As mentioned above, it should be understood that this application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the inventive concept of this application through the foregoing teachings or the technology or knowledge in related fields. Any modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this application should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna radiating element, characterized by include: A radiating surface, wherein four radiating arms are arranged symmetrically in a grid pattern on the radiating surface; Each radiating arm includes four end-to-end current paths; A first decoupling ring and a second decoupling ring are provided on each current path. The length of the first decoupling ring and the length of the second decoupling ring are both set to 0.2 to 0.3 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit. The distance between the second decoupling ring and the first decoupling ring along the current path is 0.22 to 0.28 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit.

2. The antenna radiating element of claim 1, wherein, The first decoupling ring and the second decoupling ring are open ring structures.

3. The antenna radiating element of claim 2, wherein, The opening directions of the first and second decoupling rings are opposite to the center of the corresponding radiating arm.

4. The antenna radiating element of claim 1, wherein, Each radiating arm has four current paths, including a first current path, a second current path, a third current path, and a fourth current path that form a rectangular loop. The corners of the rectangular loop are chamfered.

5. The antenna radiating element of claim 4, wherein, Each of the radiating arms also includes an open-circuit decoupling stub, which is located at a corner away from the center of the radiating surface.

6. The antenna radiating element of claim 5, wherein, The length of the open-circuit decoupling stub is set to 0.2 to 0.3 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit.

7. The antenna radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the radiating arm includes a first radiating arm located in the first quadrant of the grid pattern, a second radiating arm located in the second quadrant, a third radiating arm located in the third quadrant, and a fourth radiating arm located in the fourth quadrant. The first radiating arm and the third radiating arm are connected by the first feed line to form the first polarization dipole; The second and fourth radiating arms are connected by a second feed line to form a second polarization dipole.

8. The antenna radiating element of claim 7, wherein, The first and second feed lines are microstrip line structures.

9. The antenna radiating element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The radiating surface is made of a metallized dielectric substrate.

10. An antenna, characterized by Includes the antenna radiating element as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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