A lightning surge protection circuit and protector

Abstract

The utility model discloses a thunder stroke surge protection circuit and protector belongs to the technical field of surge protection, solved the thunder stroke surge protection circuit in the protector in the actual application process because MOV and TVS pipe have greater junction capacitance, lead to serious attenuation high -speed signal lead to signal distortion, rate drop or communication interruption's problem. Including signal input module, primary protection module, decoupling module, secondary protection module, signal output module, ground isolation module, the differential signal positive output end of signal input module is connected to the signal positive input end of primary protection module. The utility model discloses through gas discharge tube and directly releases 90% of the thunder stroke surge energy to the protective earth conductor, simultaneously utilizes decoupling inductance to isolate the residual energy, and by transient voltage suppression diode, the residual voltage clamping is released through the signal ground conductor, guarantees high -speed signal complete transmission under the condition of maintaining total parasitic capacitance below 1 pico -farad.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of surge protection technology, and in particular to a lightning surge protection circuit and protector. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning surge protection circuits are composed of components such as varistors and gas discharge tubes. They can quickly absorb the instantaneous high voltage and large current generated by lightning strikes, clamping them within a safe range and preventing downstream equipment from being damaged. Lightning surge protectors are devices that integrate this circuit. They come in power supply and signal types and can be directly installed at the circuit inlet. They have fast response speeds and large current carrying capacity, and are widely used in communication equipment, power systems, and household appliances, building a safety barrier against lightning surges for electronic equipment.

[0003] In practical applications, the lightning surge protection circuit in the protector suffers from severe attenuation of high-speed signals due to the large junction capacitance of the MOV and TVS transistors, leading to signal distortion, speed reduction, or communication interruption.

[0004] Therefore, a lightning surge protection circuit and protector are proposed to solve or mitigate the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a lightning surge protection circuit and protector.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A lightning surge protection circuit includes a signal input module, a primary protection module, a decoupling module, a secondary protection module, a signal output module, and a ground isolation module. The differential signal positive output terminal of the signal input module is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the primary protection module, and the differential signal negative output terminal of the signal input module is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the primary protection module. The protective ground discharge terminal of the primary protection module is used to connect to the protective ground conductor. The signal positive output terminal of the primary protection module is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the decoupling module, and the signal negative output terminal of the primary protection module is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the decoupling module. The signal positive output terminal of the decoupling module is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the secondary protection module, and the signal negative output terminal of the decoupling module is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the secondary protection module. The signal ground terminal of the secondary protection module is used to connect to the signal ground conductor, and the signal positive output terminal of the secondary protection module is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the signal output module, and the signal negative output terminal of the secondary protection module is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the signal output module. The ground isolation module is used to connect the protective ground conductor and the signal ground conductor.

[0008] Preferably, the signal input module includes a plug-in high-speed connector, wherein the differential signal positive transmission terminal of the plug-in high-speed connector is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the primary protection module through a first microstrip transmission line, and the differential signal negative transmission terminal of the plug-in high-speed connector is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the primary protection module through a second microstrip transmission line.

[0009] Preferably, the primary protection module includes a first gas discharge tube and a second gas discharge tube. The signal input terminal of the first gas discharge tube is the positive signal input terminal of the primary protection module, and the signal input terminal of the second gas discharge tube is the negative signal input terminal of the primary protection module. The grounding terminals of the first and second gas discharge tubes are used to connect to the protective ground conductor. The signal output terminal of the first gas discharge tube is the positive signal output terminal of the primary protection module, and the signal output terminal of the second gas discharge tube is the negative signal output terminal of the primary protection module.

[0010] Preferably, the decoupling module includes a first decoupling inductor and a second decoupling inductor. The input terminal of the first decoupling inductor is the positive signal input terminal of the decoupling module, and the input terminal of the second decoupling inductor is the negative signal input terminal of the decoupling module. The output terminal of the first decoupling inductor is the positive signal output terminal of the decoupling module, and the output terminal of the second decoupling inductor is the negative signal output terminal of the decoupling module.

[0011] Preferably, the secondary protection module includes a first transient voltage suppression diode and a second transient voltage suppression diode. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is the positive signal input terminal of the secondary protection module, and the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is the negative signal input terminal of the secondary protection module. The cathodes of the first and second transient voltage suppression diodes are used to connect to the signal ground conductor. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is the positive signal output terminal of the secondary protection module, and the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is the negative signal output terminal of the secondary protection module.

[0012] Preferably, the signal output module includes a positive signal terminal and a negative signal terminal. The positive signal terminal is connected to the anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode in the secondary protection module, and the negative signal terminal is connected to the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode in the secondary protection module.

[0013] Preferably, the grounding isolation module includes a ferrite bead, the two ends of which are used to connect to a signal ground conductor and a protective ground conductor, respectively.

[0014] This utility model also provides a protector, including a protector body and a lightning surge protection circuit as described above.

[0015] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] This invention directly discharges 90% of the lightning surge energy to the protective ground conductor through a gas discharge tube, while using a decoupling inductor to isolate the remaining energy, and a transient voltage suppression diode to clamp the residual voltage before releasing it through the signal ground conductor, thus ensuring the complete transmission of high-speed signals while maintaining the total parasitic capacitance below 1 picofarad. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the lightning surge protection circuit in this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protector in this utility model.

[0020] 1. Protector body; 2. Signal input module; 3. Primary protection module; 4. Decoupling module; 5. Secondary protection module; 6. Signal output module; 7. Grounding isolation module. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used to facilitate the description of this utility model and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] A lightning surge protection circuit, such as Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a signal input module 2, a primary protection module 3, a decoupling module 4, a secondary protection module 5, a signal output module 6, and a ground isolation module 7. The differential signal positive output terminal of the signal input module 2 is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the primary protection module 3, and the differential signal negative output terminal of the signal input module 2 is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the primary protection module 3. The protective ground discharge terminal of the primary protection module 3 is used to connect to the protective ground conductor. The signal positive output terminal of the primary protection module 3 is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the decoupling module 4, and the signal negative output terminal of the primary protection module 3 is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the decoupling module 4. The signal positive output terminal of the decoupling module 4 is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the secondary protection module 5, and the signal negative output terminal of the decoupling module 4 is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the secondary protection module 5. The signal ground terminal of the secondary protection module 5 is used to connect to the signal ground conductor. The signal positive output terminal of the secondary protection module 5 is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the signal output module 6, and the signal negative output terminal of the secondary protection module 5 is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the signal output module 6. The ground isolation module 7 is used to connect the protective ground conductor and the signal ground conductor.

[0028] The signal input module 2 includes a plug-in high-speed connector. The differential signal positive transmission terminal of the plug-in high-speed connector is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the first-level protection module 3 through a first microstrip transmission line, and the differential signal negative transmission terminal of the plug-in high-speed connector is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the first-level protection module 3 through a second microstrip transmission line.

[0029] The primary protection module 3 includes a first gas discharge tube and a second gas discharge tube. The signal input terminal of the first gas discharge tube is the positive signal input terminal of the primary protection module 3, and the signal input terminal of the second gas discharge tube is the negative signal input terminal of the primary protection module 3. The grounding terminals of the first and second gas discharge tubes are used to connect to the protective ground conductor. The signal output terminal of the first gas discharge tube is the positive signal output terminal of the primary protection module 3, and the signal output terminal of the second gas discharge tube is the negative signal output terminal of the primary protection module 3.

[0030] The decoupling module 4 includes a first decoupling inductor and a second decoupling inductor. The input terminal of the first decoupling inductor is the positive input terminal of the signal of the decoupling module 4, and the input terminal of the second decoupling inductor is the negative input terminal of the signal of the decoupling module 4. The output terminal of the first decoupling inductor is the positive output terminal of the signal of the decoupling module 4, and the output terminal of the second decoupling inductor is the negative output terminal of the signal of the decoupling module 4.

[0031] The secondary protection module 5 includes a first transient voltage suppression diode and a second transient voltage suppression diode. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is the positive signal input terminal of the secondary protection module 5, and the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is the negative signal input terminal of the secondary protection module 5. The cathodes of the first and second transient voltage suppression diodes are used to connect to the signal ground conductor. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is the positive signal output terminal of the secondary protection module 5, and the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is the negative signal output terminal of the secondary protection module 5.

[0032] The signal output module 6 includes a positive signal terminal and a negative signal terminal. The positive signal terminal is connected to the anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode in the secondary protection module 5, and the negative signal terminal is connected to the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode in the secondary protection module 5.

[0033] The grounding isolation module 7 includes a ferrite bead, with its two ends used to connect to the signal ground conductor and the protective ground conductor, respectively.

[0034] This utility model also provides a protector, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes the protector body 1 and the lightning surge protection circuit therein.

[0035] The operation of the lightning surge protection circuit in the main body 1 of this protector begins the instant that a lightning surge enters the signal transmission line.

[0036] When a kilovolt-level high-voltage transient pulse arrives at the plug-in high-speed connector, the first gas discharge tube and the second gas discharge tube, which are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the differential signal, reach the breakdown threshold within 300 nanoseconds. The inert gas inside is rapidly ionized to form a low-impedance channel, which guides most of the surge peak current to the protective ground conductor through the grounding terminal of the discharge tube.

[0037] The protective conductor is made of 20mm×5mm solid copper foil, which is fixedly connected to the metal shell of the protector body 1 and forms an equipotential with the ground through resistance. The parasitic capacitance of this discharge path is strictly controlled to be below 0.5 picofarads.

[0038] The residual energy, which contains high-frequency oscillation components that have not been completely discharged, enters the decoupling module 4 through the signal output terminal of the discharge tube. The first decoupling inductor and the second decoupling inductor use their inductive reactance characteristics to block microsecond-level surge energy while generating a controllable voltage drop at the inductor output terminal.

[0039] The energy then reaches the anodes of the first transient voltage suppression diode and the second transient voltage suppression diode in the secondary protection module 5, which initiates avalanche breakdown in a short time, clamping the residual voltage precisely below 35 volts, while simultaneously connecting to the signal ground conductor through the cathode with a junction capacitance of ≤0.5 picofarads.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A lightning surge protection circuit, characterized in that, The system includes a signal input module (2), a primary protection module (3), a decoupling module (4), a secondary protection module (5), a signal output module (6), and a ground isolation module (7). The differential signal positive output terminal of the signal input module (2) is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the primary protection module (3), and the differential signal negative output terminal of the signal input module (2) is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the primary protection module (3). The protective ground discharge terminal of the primary protection module (3) is used to connect to the protective ground conductor. The signal positive output terminal of the primary protection module (3) is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the decoupling module (4), and the signal negative output terminal of the primary protection module (3) is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the decoupling module (4). The signal negative input terminal of the decoupling module (4) is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the secondary protection module (5), the signal negative output terminal of the decoupling module (4) is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the secondary protection module (5), the signal ground terminal of the secondary protection module (5) is used to connect the signal ground conductor, the signal positive output terminal of the secondary protection module (5) is connected to the signal positive input terminal of the signal output module (6), the signal negative output terminal of the secondary protection module (5) is connected to the signal negative input terminal of the signal output module (6), and the ground isolation module (7) is used to connect the protective ground conductor and the signal ground conductor.

2. The lightning surge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal input module (2) includes a plug-in high-speed connector. The differential signal positive transmission end of the plug-in high-speed connector is connected to the signal positive input end of the first-level protection module (3) through a first microstrip transmission line. The differential signal negative transmission end of the plug-in high-speed connector is connected to the signal negative input end of the first-level protection module (3) through a second microstrip transmission line.

3. A lightning surge protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The primary protection module (3) includes a first gas discharge tube and a second gas discharge tube. The signal input terminal of the first gas discharge tube is the positive signal input terminal of the primary protection module (3), and the signal input terminal of the second gas discharge tube is the negative signal input terminal of the primary protection module (3). The grounding terminals of the first gas discharge tube and the second gas discharge tube are used to connect to the protective ground conductor. The signal output terminal of the first gas discharge tube is the positive signal output terminal of the primary protection module (3), and the signal output terminal of the second gas discharge tube is the negative signal output terminal of the primary protection module (3).

4. A lightning surge protection circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The decoupling module (4) includes a first decoupling inductor and a second decoupling inductor. The input terminal of the first decoupling inductor is the positive input terminal of the decoupling module (4), and the input terminal of the second decoupling inductor is the negative input terminal of the decoupling module (4). The output terminal of the first decoupling inductor is the positive output terminal of the decoupling module (4), and the output terminal of the second decoupling inductor is the negative output terminal of the decoupling module (4).

5. A lightning surge protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The secondary protection module (5) includes a first transient voltage suppression diode and a second transient voltage suppression diode. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is the positive signal input terminal of the secondary protection module (5), and the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is the negative signal input terminal of the secondary protection module (5). The cathodes of the first transient voltage suppression diode and the second transient voltage suppression diode are used to connect to the signal ground conductor. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is the positive signal output terminal of the secondary protection module (5), and the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is the negative signal output terminal of the secondary protection module (5).

6. A lightning surge protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The signal output module (6) includes a positive signal terminal and a negative signal terminal. The positive signal terminal is connected to the anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode in the secondary protection module (5), and the negative signal terminal is connected to the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode in the secondary protection module (5).

7. A lightning surge protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The grounding isolation module (7) includes a magnetic bead, the two ends of which are used to connect the signal ground conductor and the protective ground conductor, respectively.

8. A protector, characterized in that, It includes a protector body (1) and a lightning surge protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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