An adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar power generation, especially a kind of adjustable photovoltaic-photo-thermal coupling system. Including light-heat reflector, the light-heat reflector is equipped with photovoltaic cell array, the photovoltaic cell array includes multiple translucent photovoltaic cells, each translucent photovoltaic cell is connected with the light-heat reflector by angle adjusting mechanism respectively. The system provided by the utility model, photovoltaic cell array includes multiple small-area translucent photovoltaic cells, each translucent photovoltaic cell is connected with light-heat reflector by angle adjusting mechanism, the included angle between each translucent photovoltaic cell and light-heat reflector can be independently adjusted according to the angle and intensity of sunlight, the receiving light amount of light-heat reflector and the light transmittance of entire system are adjusted, spectral utilization efficiency is dynamically adjusted, so as to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and photo-thermal power generation efficiency of system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar power generation technology, and in particular to an adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system. Background Technology

[0002] As the global energy structure transitions towards cleaner energy, photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal coupled systems (PV / T) have become an important technological direction for improving the overall efficiency of solar energy utilization due to their ability to utilize different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. However, existing PV / T systems still have significant defects in key technical aspects, restricting their large-scale application and scenario adaptability. Traditional systems typically use semi-transparent photovoltaic cells with fixed transparency, whose spectral allocation strategy is rigid and cannot adjust the utilization ratio of visible and infrared light according to dynamic changes in light intensity and angle. For example, under strong midday sunlight, the excessive transparency of the photovoltaic cells results in insufficient infrared light energy received by the solar thermal module, and the solar thermal power generation efficiency has long hovered below 35%. In low-light environments, the excessively low transparency causes the photovoltaic power generation efficiency to drop below 18%, resulting in an overall energy utilization rate of less than 55%. This contradiction further exacerbates the efficiency imbalance of the system under non-uniform illumination (such as cloud shadows and oblique sunlight at dawn and dusk), with photovoltaic or solar thermal power generation losses reaching 30%-40% in some areas.

[0003] Existing technologies for solving angle adjustment problems mostly rely on heavy-duty motors or precision guide rail systems. These mechanical structures are not only energy-intensive (accounting for 8%-12% of the total system power generation), but also severely lack reliability in extreme environments. Strong winds (wind speed >10m / s) can easily cause the adjustment mechanism to jam or the structure to deform, and sand and dust intrusion can accelerate guide rail wear, with an average annual failure rate exceeding 25%. Snow cover can cause the light transmittance to plummet to 15%, significantly reducing system efficiency. Although some studies have attempted to improve reliability by reinforcing the structure or adding protective coatings, this often comes at the cost of sacrificing adjustment accuracy or cost.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional planar photovoltaic cells have extremely poor adaptability to irregularly shaped surfaces (such as parabolic trough collectors and curved building curtain walls). When rigid structures are installed on curved surfaces, they cannot fit the surface, resulting in light leakage losses of up to 30%-40%. At the same time, bending stress easily causes microcracks in the cells, with an average annual efficiency loss of over 5%. Although flexible thin-film batteries can alleviate deformation problems, their mechanical strength and weather resistance are insufficient. During long-term outdoor use, they are susceptible to UV aging and humidity corrosion, resulting in a lifespan of less than 50% of that of traditional rigid batteries. In terms of application scalability, existing systems have limited functionality and cannot meet the combined needs of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and agricultural photovoltaics. For example, agricultural greenhouses need to balance crop light exposure and power generation efficiency, but photovoltaic cells with fixed transmittance often lead to a deterioration of the light environment inside the greenhouse, with red / blue light transmittance of less than 60%, resulting in crop yield reductions of 15%-20%.

[0005] In recent years, researchers have proposed some improvement schemes to address the above problems, such as spectrally selective coatings to enhance visible light absorption, regional independent control to optimize local efficiency, and passive temperature-controlled materials to achieve limited angle adjustment. However, these schemes can only alleviate single problems and have failed to systematically solve the core contradictions of dynamic spectral allocation, environmental tolerance, irregular shape adaptation, and multi-scenario compatibility. For example, the regional independent control scheme suffers from a surge in cost due to its complex mechanical structure, making it difficult to scale up; while spectrally selective coatings improve photovoltaic efficiency, they further exacerbate the energy shortage of the solar thermal module. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system that can dynamically optimize spectral utilization, adapt to extreme environments, and meet the needs of multiple scenarios, in order to break through existing technological bottlenecks and promote the industrialization of comprehensive solar energy utilization technology. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system that can be adjusted according to the angle and intensity of sunlight, dynamically adjusting the spectral utilization efficiency, optimizing the power generation effect of the system, and maximizing the utilization rate of sunlight.

[0007] This utility model provides an adjustable photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, including a photothermal reflector, on which a photovoltaic cell array is provided. The photovoltaic cell array includes multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, and each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is connected to the photothermal reflector through an angle adjustment mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism employs a hinge, with both ends of the hinge connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector, respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism adopts a shape memory alloy hinge, the shape memory alloy hinge includes a shape memory alloy plate, the two ends of the shape memory alloy plate are respectively provided with connecting blocks, and a temperature adjustment component is provided on one side of the shape memory alloy plate, the temperature adjustment component is connected to the control system.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a variable magnet device disposed on the photothermal reflector, and a magnet that cooperates with the variable magnet device is provided on the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell. The variable magnet device is connected to the control system.

[0011] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a thermal expansion device disposed between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and / or the photothermal reflector are provided with heating elements, which are respectively connected to the thermal expansion device and the control system.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is provided with a superhydrophobic coating.

[0013] Furthermore, the photothermal reflector is provided with multiple snow guide grooves, which are located at one end of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell near the angle adjustment mechanism. A heating element is provided on the side wall of the snow guide groove, and the heating element is connected to the control system.

[0014] Furthermore, the photothermal reflector, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, or the angle adjustment mechanism is equipped with an angle sensor, which is connected to the control system.

[0015] Furthermore, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell has microprism structures on its sides.

[0016] In summary, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0017] The technical solution provided by this utility model includes a photothermal reflector and a photovoltaic cell array. The photovoltaic cell array includes multiple small-area semi-transparent photovoltaic cells. Each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is connected to the photothermal reflector through an angle adjustment mechanism. Each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell can independently adjust the angle between itself and the photothermal reflector according to the angle and intensity of sunlight, thereby adjusting the amount of light received by the photothermal reflector and the transmittance of the entire system, dynamically adjusting the spectral utilization efficiency, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and photothermal power generation efficiency of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of the system in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of the system in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a side view of the photovoltaic cell in the system of Embodiment 1 of this utility model after rotation;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hinge structure in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 6This is a side view of the system in Embodiment 3 of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a side view of the system in Embodiment 4 of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a side view of the system in Embodiment 5 of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a top view of the system in Embodiment 5 of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a top view of the system in Embodiment 6 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a top view of the system in Embodiment 7 of this utility model.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Photothermal reflector; 2-Semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; 3-Hinge; 7-Shape memory alloy plate; 8-Connecting block; 9-Temperature regulation component; 10-Magnetic variable device; 11-Magnet; 12-Thermal expansion device; 13-Snow guide trough. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0032] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] An adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, it includes a photothermal reflector 1, on which a photovoltaic cell array is provided. The photovoltaic cell array includes multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2, and each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is connected to the photothermal reflector 1 through an angle adjustment mechanism.

[0036] The photovoltaic array consists of multiple small, rectangular, semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2 arranged side-by-side along the length of the photothermal reflector 1. These semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2 are conventional photovoltaic cells in the art, only smaller in size, with a width of 10-50 cm and a length approximately the same as the width of the photothermal reflector 1. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2 can be made of high-transmittance materials, selectively absorbing visible and ultraviolet light to generate electricity, while infrared light passes through to the lower photothermal reflector 1. In this embodiment, the size of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is 30 cm × 50 cm.

[0037] The photothermal reflector 1 is a conventional photothermal reflector used in the field, with a high-reflectivity infrared film (such as a silver-based nano-coating) coated on its surface, which focuses the transmitted infrared light onto the photothermal collector.

[0038] In this embodiment, the angle adjustment mechanism uses a commercially available hinge 3 with a locking device. After rotating to the corresponding angle, the locking device is adjusted manually or electrically to maintain it at the desired angle position. The angle between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 is adjusted by the hinge 3, dynamically controlling the illumination angle of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the light intensity distribution received by the photothermal reflector 1. A hinge 3 is provided at both ends of the right back side of each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, and the two ends of each hinge 3 are connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1, respectively. The hinge 3 on each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is installed in the same position, so that the rotation direction of each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is the same. Multiple hinges 3 can also be provided according to the length and width of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2.

[0039] The working principle of the adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0040] Firstly, the dynamic changes in the spacing between photovoltaic cell arrays:

[0041] In the flat state (the angle between the photovoltaic array and the photothermal reflector 1 is 0°): the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2 completely cover the photothermal reflector 1 with minimal gaps, and the light transmittance is mainly determined by the inherent light transmittance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2. For example, if the inherent light transmittance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2 is 30%, then the overall light transmittance of the system is close to 30%.

[0042] Tilted state (angle between semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and photothermal reflector 1 > 0°): such as Figure 4 As shown, when the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is tilted, a light-transmitting gap is formed between adjacent cells. For example, when the angle is 30°, the gap width can reach 50% of the cell width. Light passes through the gap and directly illuminates the lower photothermal reflector 1, significantly increasing the light transmittance. Assuming the gap occupies 50% of the area, the overall light transmittance of the system can be increased to 65% (50% gap transmittance + 50% cell transmittance × 30%).

[0043] Secondly, optimization of optical path distribution.

[0044] The effect of tilt angle on the light path: When the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is tilted, the path of the incident light changes. Some light passes directly through the gap, while the rest is refracted or reflected at the cell surface. By optimizing the tilt angle, the light transmittance of the gap can be maximized while reducing the obstruction of light by the cell surface. For example, under oblique sunlight conditions at dawn and dusk, the tilt angle can be adjusted to 30° to allow the light to pass through the gap at the optimal angle.

[0045] Thirdly, the synergistic effect of multi-cell arrays.

[0046] Independent regional adjustment: The photovoltaic array is divided into multiple regions, and the angle of each region is adjusted independently. For example, the tilt angle is larger in the strong light region (to increase light transmittance), and smaller in the weak light region (to increase photovoltaic power generation). This regional adjustment method can optimize the overall light transmittance distribution and avoid local overheating or light spot effects.

[0047] By adjusting the angle of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, the overall light transmittance of the system can be indirectly changed without altering the inherent light transmittance of the cell material itself. This design not only achieves dynamic adjustment of light transmittance but also optimizes the synergistic efficiency of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, providing an innovative solution for the comprehensive utilization of solar energy.

[0048] Fourthly, a multi-faceted adjustment mechanism.

[0049] A hinge 3 with a locking device connects the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to the photothermal reflector 1, and the system is designed with a flip-type structure. By adjusting the relative position of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 at multiple angles, the light transmittance of the system and the amount of light received by the photothermal reflector 1 can be further adjusted. The flip-type adjustment mechanism allows the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to be automatically or manually adjusted under different times and weather conditions to achieve the best photoelectric conversion and photothermal power generation effect.

[0050] Simultaneously, optical optimization can be performed on the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 by designing microprism structures on two or four sides along its length to refract incident light into the effective area of ​​the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, reducing edge light leakage. Angle sensors can also be installed on the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, the photothermal reflector 1, or the hinge 3 to accurately measure the angle between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1.

[0051] Hinge 3 can be a single-axis hinge or a dual-axis universal hinge.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] An adjustable photovoltaic photothermal coupling system is provided. The technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the angle adjustment mechanism in this embodiment is a shape memory alloy hinge.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, the memory alloy hinge includes an extension plate, with connecting blocks 8 fixed at both ends of the extension plate. The two connecting blocks 8 are connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 by means of bolts or adhesive. The extension plate includes a shape memory alloy plate 7, and a temperature regulating component 9 is provided on the inner side of the shape memory alloy plate 7. The temperature regulating component 9 is connected to the control system.

[0055] The shape memory alloy plate 7 can be a single or a combination of multiple shape memory alloys, or a combination of shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers, and has different phase transition temperatures. In this embodiment, the shape memory alloy plate 7 is a nickel-titanium alloy plate. The temperature regulation component 9 is used to heat and / or cool the shape memory alloy plate 7, and can be a semiconductor cooling chip. By heating or cooling the shape memory alloy plate 7 through the temperature regulation component 9, active control of the heat flow in the shape memory alloy plate 7 is achieved, thereby realizing the angle change of the shape memory hinge.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] An adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, such as Figure 6 As shown, the technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the angle adjustment mechanism in this embodiment is adjusted by magnetic force.

[0058] In this embodiment, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a variable magnet device 10 mounted on the photothermal reflector 1. A magnet 11 is located on the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, and the right edge of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 via a hinge 3. The variable magnet device 10 can be an electromagnet or a smart magnetic material. By adjusting the magnetic strength, the attractive or repulsive force between the magnet 11 and the magnetic device 10 is controlled, thereby precisely adjusting the angle between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1. In this embodiment, the variable magnet device 10 uses an electromagnet and is equipped with a sliding rheostat. By changing the resistance, the magnitude of the current is changed, thereby changing the magnetic strength of the electromagnet.

[0059] The variable magnetization device 10 is connected to the control system, which includes a miniature control module and sensors for real-time monitoring of the angle of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the light intensity. The control system adjusts the angle between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 by controlling the change in the current of the electromagnet. The control system can dynamically adjust the angle based on information such as the light sensor, ambient temperature, and the position of the sun.

[0060] Magnet 11 can be installed in the middle of the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 or on both sides. The variable magnet device 10 can be adjusted according to the position of magnet 11.

[0061] A Hall sensor can be installed on the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 or on the surface of the photothermal reflector 1 to monitor the angle change between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 in real time. The Hall sensor can accurately feed back changes in the magnetic field and angle, transmitting the data to the control system for precise closed-loop control. Based on the feedback data from the Hall sensor, the control system can fine-tune the current, precisely controlling the attractive and repulsive forces of the electromagnet, thereby achieving fine adjustment of the angle between the cell and the reflector. The adjustment accuracy can reach ±0.5°, ensuring that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 always maintain the optimal illumination angle.

[0062] The working principle of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0063] Magnetic Adjustment: The magnetic force formed between the magnet 11 on the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the variable magnetization device 10 on the photothermal reflector 1 is the core of this system. When the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 are in their initial positions, the magnetic field strength of the electromagnet is weak, the magnetic force between the cell and the reflector is small, and the two are in a parallel state. When the system needs to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic cell, the current is adjusted to increase the magnetic field strength of the electromagnet, so that a stronger attractive or repulsive force is generated between the magnet and the electromagnet, thereby realizing the adjustment of the angle between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector.

[0064] Attraction mode: By increasing the current intensity of the electromagnet, the variable magnetization device on the reflector generates an attractive force, causing the photovoltaic cells to move closer to the solar thermal reflector and reduce the angle between them.

[0065] Repulsion mode: When it is necessary to increase the included angle, the current intensity of the electromagnet is reduced to generate a repulsive force, pushing the photovoltaic cell away from the reflector.

[0066] Angle Adjustment: During adjustment, the electromagnet changes the magnetic field strength (controlled by current) according to the set light intensity or angle requirements, causing a change in the magnetic force between the back magnet of the photovoltaic cell and the electromagnet. By fine-tuning these magnetic forces, the angle of the photovoltaic cell can be precisely controlled, maximizing photovoltaic power generation and photothermal reflection.

[0067] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0068] 1. Precise Adjustment: This solution uses magnetic force to achieve high-precision control of the angle between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector by precisely adjusting the current. The accuracy can reach ±0.5°, enabling the system to optimize light absorption and reflection effects in various environments.

[0069] No mechanical friction: Unlike traditional mechanical adjustment structures, this solution adjusts the angle through magnetic force, eliminating the need for contact and friction, thus avoiding wear and extending the system's lifespan.

[0070] Fast response: Magnetic regulation has a fast response speed and can respond to changes in ambient light in real time, quickly adjusting the angle of photovoltaic cells to maximize energy collection efficiency.

[0071] High efficiency and energy saving: This solution achieves precise control on the back of the photovoltaic cell through electromagnetic regulation, and can also dynamically adjust according to the output of the photovoltaic cell to further improve energy efficiency.

[0072] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided in this embodiment is applicable to the following scenarios:

[0073] Large-scale solar thermal-photovoltaic coupling system: This solution is particularly suitable for centralized solar thermal-photovoltaic power plants, solar collectors, and other applications, and can precisely adjust the angle between the photovoltaic cells and the reflector.

[0074] High-precision solar tracking system: This solution is particularly suitable for solar systems that require high-precision adjustment. It is used to track the sun's trajectory and ensure that the system always maintains the optimal angle of illumination.

[0075] Harsh environments: In desert, high temperature or high humidity environments, the system can provide long-term stable regulation, avoid the risk of failure caused by mechanical wear, and is suitable for solar energy systems installed in harsh environments.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] An adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, such as Figure 7 As shown, the technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as any of the technical solutions in embodiments 1-3, except that the angle adjustment mechanism in this embodiment is a thermal expansion driven mode.

[0078] In this embodiment, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a thermal expansion device 12 disposed between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1. A heating element (which can be electrically heated by photovoltaic power generation) is provided on the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to heat the thermal expansion device 12. The heating element can also be disposed on the photothermal reflector 1. The right edge of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 via a hinge 3. The thermal expansion device 12 includes a thermally conductive elastic shell. The top and bottom of the elastic shell are fixedly connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1, respectively. The interior of the elastic shell contains a thermal expansion medium that expands with heat and shrinks with cooling. By adjusting the heating temperature, the size of the thermal expansion device 12 is controlled, thereby controlling the angle between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1. The heating element can also be disposed on the side wall of the elastic shell, resulting in faster and more uniform heating.

[0079] The width and length of the thermal expansion device 12 are designed based on the dimensions of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2. Assuming the photovoltaic cell is 30cm × 50cm, the thermal expansion device 12 can be designed as a 30cm rectangular strip with a width between 2-5cm. The specific dimensions are calculated based on the weight of the photovoltaic cell unit and the required expansion force.

[0080] The heating elements utilize miniature heating wires or thin-film heating elements, which can be arranged along the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to heat the thermal expansion device 12. The heating elements are connected to a power source, and the strength of the current is controlled by a control system to regulate temperature changes. Alternatively, a solar thermal power generation and heat storage component can be used to provide heat.

[0081] When using miniature heating wires, tungsten wire or alloy wire are commonly used materials, which have high resistance and can generate heat when current passes through them. Thin-film heating elements use nickel or carbon-based thin-film materials, which have the characteristic of uniform heating and are suitable for large-area heating applications.

[0082] A temperature sensor (such as a thermocouple or RTD sensor) is installed on the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to monitor temperature changes in real time. The control system adjusts the operating current of the heating element based on the sensor feedback information to ensure that the temperature is within a predetermined range, thereby achieving stable angle adjustment.

[0083] The working principle of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0084] Heating-driven: When the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 needs to be adjusted, the control system activates the heating element to heat the thermal expansion device 12. The volume of the thermal expansion device 12 expands, thereby pushing the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to tilt and change the angle between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1.

[0085] The function of the thermal expansion device 12: When heated, the internal thermal expansion medium of the thermal expansion device 12 will undergo linear expansion, and the expansion height will be determined according to the thermal expansion coefficient of the material and the amount of temperature change. When the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 needs to return to its original state, the control system will turn off the heating element and cool down through natural heat dissipation. When the temperature decreases, the thermal expansion device 12 will contract, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 will return to its initial state.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] An adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the technical solution in this embodiment is the same as any of the technical solutions in embodiments 1-4, except that the system in this embodiment has a snow self-cleaning function.

[0088] The surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is coated with a superhydrophobic coating, and combined with the angle adjustment mechanism, it achieves a self-cleaning function for snow accumulation. The solar thermal reflector 1 is equipped with a snow guide groove 13 with an arc-shaped cross-section. Each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 has a snow guide groove 13 at the end near the angle adjustment mechanism, and the length of the snow guide groove 13 is the same as the length of the solar thermal reflector 1. Heating elements are provided on the sidewalls of the snow guide groove 13, which quickly melt and remove the snow through heating.

[0089] Superhydrophobic coatings can be achieved using titanium dioxide / silica composite films, materials that possess excellent photocatalytic activity, antifouling properties, and superhydrophobicity. Titanium dioxide exhibits good photocatalytic properties, capable of degrading organic pollutants under ultraviolet light irradiation, reducing the adhesion of snow or dirt. Silica imparts good mechanical strength and abrasion resistance to the coating, enhancing its antifouling properties. The coating thickness is controlled to a few micrometers to ensure uniform coverage of the entire surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and good durability. A uniform superhydrophobic coating is formed on the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 using spraying or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques.

[0090] By setting the swing angle and period of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, the inertial force is used to shake off the snow, reducing the impact of snow on the surface of the photovoltaic cell.

[0091] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by this utility model has the following advantages:

[0092] Highly efficient snow removal: The superhydrophobic coating reduces snow adhesion, and the rapid oscillation removes snow while heating the snow guide channel to effectively melt residual ice and keep the photovoltaic cells clean.

[0093] Energy-saving and environmentally friendly: It adopts a combination of photocatalysis and electric heating to reduce the use of manual snow removal and chemical cleaning agents.

[0094] Automation: The system automatically adjusts and removes snow using an automatic angle adjustment mechanism, reducing the need for manual intervention.

[0095] Suitable for cold climates and areas with heavy snowfall, it can ensure that photovoltaic cells work efficiently in frigid environments.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] An adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, such as Figure 10 As shown, the technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as any of the above technical solutions, except that the shape of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is different.

[0098] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is shaped like an equilateral triangle, with its base arranged parallel to the surface of the photothermal reflector 1. An angle adjustment mechanism is installed at a suitable position to allow the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to rotate around its base. The larger the rotation angle, the smaller the shading area and the higher the light transmittance; when laid flat (with an included angle of 0°), the shading area is the largest and the light transmittance is the lowest.

[0099] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 has a serrated edge designed on its beveled side, and the incident light is guided to the photovoltaic active layer by the principle of total internal reflection.

[0100] Suitable for fitting curved reflectors (such as parabolic trough collectors), the triangular semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can adapt to the curvature of the curved surface.

[0101] Example 7

[0102] An adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, such as Figure 11 As shown, the technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as any of the above technical solutions, except that the shape of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is different.

[0103] In this embodiment, the photothermal reflector 1 is a curved reflector, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is hexagonal in shape, making the photothermal cell array a honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure naturally reduces light leakage through gaps and improves the overall coverage.

[0104] The side length of each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 can be designed according to requirements (e.g., 10-30cm). Adjacent semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2 are connected by a flexible conductive material to ensure electrical continuity when adjusting the angle. The hexagonal semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2 can form a "fish scale"-like overlapping effect when the angle is adjusted, reducing mechanical interference. Suitable for curved reflectors or irregularly shaped solar thermal devices.

[0105] Furthermore, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 can be designed in various shapes such as circles and pentagons. The shape of each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 in the photovoltaic cell array can be set to different shapes according to actual needs.

[0106] Furthermore, based on the above technical solutions, a wind-resistant dynamic locking mechanism can be installed on the hinge. This mechanism integrates a piezoelectric ceramic brake into the hinge to achieve dynamic response and locking against wind disturbances. Utilizing the properties of piezoelectric ceramic materials, the brake expands or contracts instantaneously upon external excitation, thus stably locking and adjusting the hinge. Simultaneously, a wind speed sensor is installed near the photovoltaic system to monitor wind speed in real time. The control system, by sensing changes in wind speed, precisely controls the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic, responding quickly to wind disturbances, reducing the wind load on the photovoltaic cells, and ensuring rapid system response and recovery. This approach is suitable for areas with high wind and sand, such as islands or mountainous regions, ensuring stable system operation.

[0107] The existing photovoltaic-thermal coupling system has the following problems:

[0108] I. The transmittance of traditional photovoltaic cells is not adjustable: they cannot dynamically allocate the utilization ratio of visible light (photovoltaic power generation) and infrared light (solar thermal power generation) according to the intensity and angle of sunlight. For example, under strong light, the high transmittance of photovoltaic cells results in insufficient usable infrared light received by the solar thermal reflector, thus limiting the solar thermal power generation efficiency; under weak light, the low transmittance of photovoltaic cells fails to fully utilize the limited visible light for photovoltaic power generation.

[0109] 2. Insufficient synergistic efficiency of solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation: The existing coupling system lacks the ability to dynamically control the distribution of light intensity. The shading of photovoltaic cells leads to uneven light reception by the solar thermal reflector, resulting in local overheating or light spot effect. It is impossible to adjust the priority of solar thermal / photovoltaic power generation according to real-time lighting conditions (such as oblique sunlight at dawn and dusk, direct sunlight at noon).

[0110] 3. Complexity and poor environmental adaptability of mechanical adjustment systems: Traditional adjustment mechanisms are complex in structure, rely on heavy-duty motors or precision guide rails, and have high maintenance costs; they have poor environmental tolerance, and extreme environments such as strong winds and snow accumulation can easily cause mechanical jamming or damage; they have high energy consumption, and automatic adjustment systems rely on continuous external power supply, making them unsuitable for scenarios without power grids.

[0111] 4. Insufficient adaptability of irregular surfaces to dynamic lighting: Existing photovoltaic and solar thermal systems have poor adaptability to curved reflectors (such as parabolic collectors) or non-uniform lighting (such as cloud shadows), which makes it impossible for planar photovoltaic cells to fit the curved reflectors, resulting in light leakage or mechanical stress. Fixed-shaped photovoltaic units form power generation "blind spots" in the shaded areas.

[0112] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing photovoltaic photothermal coupling systems in terms of dynamic spectral allocation efficiency, environmental adaptability, reliability under extreme conditions, and compatibility with irregular surfaces. It proposes a solution that can achieve photothermal synergistic optimization through multi-dimensional adjustment (shape, angle, and transmittance). The aim is to break through the dependence of traditional systems on fixed lighting conditions and installation scenarios, and comprehensively improve the overall utilization efficiency of solar energy and the system lifespan.

[0113] This invention, through its innovative flip-type adjustable structure and multi-dimensional optimized design, achieves significant improvements in spectral utilization efficiency, environmental adaptability, and system reliability compared to existing photovoltaic photothermal coupling systems. Specific beneficial effects are as follows:

[0114] I. Improved spectral dynamic allocation efficiency, resulting in an overall energy utilization rate increase of over 30%.

[0115] By dynamically allocating the spectrum through an angle adjustment mechanism, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is increased to 21% (visible light absorption rate is increased by 16.7%), the solar thermal power generation efficiency is increased to 48% (infrared light utilization rate is increased by 37.1%), and the overall energy utilization rate reaches 69%, which is 30.2% higher than that of traditional systems.

[0116] Under morning oblique sunlight conditions, by tilting the photovoltaic cells (at a 30° angle), the amount of light received by the solar thermal module increases by 40%, making up for the insufficient photovoltaic power generation and achieving energy efficiency balance throughout the day.

[0117] II. The system exhibits significantly enhanced tolerance to extreme environments, extending its lifespan by three times.

[0118] It has self-cleaning ability, and the superhydrophobic coating combined with the periodic oscillating snow removal mode (5 seconds / time) reduces the amount of snow adhesion by 70% while maintaining light transmittance of over 85%.

[0119] Third, breakthrough in adaptability to irregular surfaces, reducing light leakage loss by 80%.

[0120] Curved surface fitting: The triangular dynamic splicing array adapts to the curvature of the curved surface by rotating the bottom edge, reducing the light leakage rate to below 5%;

[0121] Flexible connection: The hexagonal honeycomb structure uses hinges and flexible conductive materials, which can withstand ±10% deformation. When installed in a parabolic solar collector, the power generation efficiency loss is only 2%.

[0122] Local shadow optimization: The independent adjustment function for different areas increases the light transmittance of local shadow areas by 50%, and reduces the fluctuation range of the overall system efficiency from ±20% to ±5%.

[0123] The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by this invention has demonstrated significantly superior performance indicators compared to existing technologies in laboratory and field tests. It solves the core problems of low energy efficiency, poor adaptability, and high maintenance costs of traditional systems, providing a reliable solution for the large-scale application of photovoltaic-thermal coupling technology.

[0124] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. An adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, characterized in that, It includes a photothermal reflector (1), on which a photovoltaic cell array is provided. The photovoltaic cell array includes multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells (2), and each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) is connected to the photothermal reflector (1) through an angle adjustment mechanism.

2. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism uses a hinge (3), and the two ends of the hinge (3) are connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) and the photothermal reflector (1), respectively.

3. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism adopts a memory alloy hinge, which includes a shape memory alloy plate (7). The two ends of the shape memory alloy plate (7) are respectively provided with connecting blocks (8). A temperature adjustment component (9) is provided on one side of the shape memory alloy plate (7), and the temperature adjustment component (9) is connected to the control system.

4. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism includes a variable magnet device (10) disposed on the photothermal reflector (1), and a magnet (11) cooperating with the variable magnet device (10) is provided on the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2). The variable magnet device (10) is connected to the control system.

5. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism includes a thermal expansion device (12) disposed between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) and the photothermal reflector (1). The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) and / or the photothermal reflector (1) are provided with heating elements, which are respectively connected to the thermal expansion device (12) and the control system.

6. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) is provided with a superhydrophobic coating.

7. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The photothermal reflector (1) is provided with a plurality of snow guide grooves (13), which are located at one end of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) near the angle adjustment mechanism; the side wall of the snow guide groove (13) is provided with a heating element, which is connected to the control system.

8. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An angle sensor is provided on the photothermal reflector (1), the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2), or the angle adjustment mechanism, and the angle sensor is connected to the control system.

9. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) has a microprism structure on its sides.

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