A DTU edge gateway device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of DTU edge gateway equipment, belong to communication equipment technical field, including central processing circuit, USB interface circuit, ethernet communication circuit, RS485 communication circuit, CAN communication circuit, input-output circuit and the power supply circuit for the power supply of entire equipment, central processing circuit includes gateway chip U1 and the peripheral subcircuit connected to gateway chip U1, USB interface circuit, ethernet communication circuit, RS485 communication circuit, CAN communication circuit and input-output circuit are all with gateway chip U1 communication connection.The utility model integrates USB interface circuit, ethernet communication circuit, RS485 communication circuit and CAN communication circuit, can simultaneously support multiple communication protocols, such as USB, ethernet, RS485 and CAN etc.;Greatly improve the data interaction efficiency and the interconnection intercommunication ability between equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of communication equipment technology, and specifically relates to a DTU edge gateway device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development and widespread application of IoT technology, various industries are placing increasingly higher demands on efficient and stable data transmission and remote control capabilities between devices. In traditional IoT architectures, the Data Transmission Unit (DTU), as a key node connecting field devices and cloud servers, directly impacts the operational efficiency and reliability of the entire IoT system.

[0003] However, existing DTU devices have many limitations in terms of functionality. First, the problem of limited functionality is particularly prominent. Many traditional DTUs only support one communication method, such as RS485, CAN, or Ethernet, which is insufficient when facing complex and diverse IoT application scenarios such as industrial automation, intelligent transportation, and smart homes. For example, in the field of industrial automation, field devices may simultaneously use multiple communication protocols such as Modbus (RS485), CAN, and Ethernet, while traditional DTUs cannot be compatible with all of these protocols, resulting in low data exchange efficiency and even preventing interoperability. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies where traditional DTUs only support one communication method and are inadequate for complex and diverse IoT application scenarios such as industrial automation, intelligent transportation, and smart homes. This invention provides a DTU edge gateway device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A DTU edge gateway device includes a central processing circuit, a USB interface circuit, an Ethernet communication circuit, an RS485 communication circuit, a CAN communication circuit, an input / output circuit, and a power supply circuit for powering the entire device. The central processing circuit includes a gateway chip U1 and peripheral sub-circuits connected to the gateway chip U1. The USB interface circuit, Ethernet communication circuit, RS485 communication circuit, CAN communication circuit, and input / output circuit are all communicatively connected to the gateway chip U1.

[0007] Further improvements to this technical solution include a power supply circuit comprising a power conversion chip U2, a power interface P1, a bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS1, capacitors C1 and C2, a Zener diode D1, an inductor L1, a resistor R1, capacitors C3, C4, and C5, resistors R2, R3, and R4, capacitor C6, resistor R5, and a light-emitting diode LED1.

[0008] The first pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first pin of power interface P1 and grounded through a parallel bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS1, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2. The second pin of power interface P1 is grounded. The second pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode D1 and the first terminal of inductor L1. The positive terminal of Zener diode D1 is grounded. The second terminal of inductor L1 is connected to the 3.3V power output terminal. The third pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first terminal of inductor L1 through a series resistor R1 and capacitor C3. The fourth pin of power conversion chip U2 is grounded through a capacitor. The fifth pin of power conversion chip U2 is grounded through a series capacitor C2 and resistor R2. The sixth pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first terminals of resistor R3 and resistor R4. The second terminal of resistor R3 is grounded. The second terminal of resistor R4 is connected to the 3.3V power output terminal and the first terminal of capacitor C6. The second terminal of capacitor C6 is grounded. The 3.3V power output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of LED1 through resistor R5. The negative terminal of LED1 is grounded.

[0009] A further improvement to this technical solution is that the gateway chip U1 adopts the ESP32-S3 gateway chip.

[0010] Further improvements to this technical solution include a USB interface circuit comprising a USB interface P2, a controlled source, resistors R6 and R7. The first pin of the USB interface P2 is grounded through resistor R6, the second pin of the USB interface P2 is grounded through resistor R7, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pins of the USB interface P2 are all connected to the gateway chip U1 through the controlled source.

[0011] Further improvements to this technical solution include an Ethernet communication circuit comprising an Ethernet communication chip U3, capacitors C7, C8, C9, C10, and C11. The first and second pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3 are grounded through capacitor C7. The third pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C8. The fourth pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through parallel capacitors C9 and C10. The fifth pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C11. The sixth to tenth pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3 are connected to the gateway chip U1.

[0012] Further improvements to this technical solution include an RS485 communication circuit comprising an RS485 differential communication chip U4, resistor R8, capacitor C12, resistor R9, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3, resistor R10, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4, resistor R11, RS485 interface P3, RS485 differential communication chip U5, resistor R12, capacitor C13, resistor R13, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6, resistor R14, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7, resistor R15, and RS485 interface P4;

[0013] The first and second pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 are both connected to the gateway chip U1 and grounded through resistor R8. The third and fourth pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 are connected to the gateway chip U1. The fifth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C12. The sixth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to the first end of resistor R9, the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, the first end of resistor R10, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3 is grounded. The seventh pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to the second end of resistor R9, the second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, the first end of resistor R11, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4 is grounded. The second end of resistor R10 is connected to the first pin of RS485 interface P3, and the second end of resistor R11 is connected to the second pin of RS485 interface P3.

[0014] The first and second pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 are both connected to the gateway chip U1 and grounded through resistor R12. The third and fourth pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 are connected to the gateway chip U1. The fifth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C13. The sixth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to the first end of resistor R13, the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, the first end of resistor R14, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6 is grounded. The seventh pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to the second end of resistor R13, the second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, the first end of resistor R15, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7 is grounded. The second end of resistor R14 is connected to the first pin of RS485 interface P4, and the second end of resistor R15 is connected to the second pin of RS485 interface P4.

[0015] Further improvements to this technical solution include a CAN communication circuit comprising a CAN communication chip U6, a capacitor C14, a resistor R16, a PES protection diode D2, and a CAN communication interface P5.

[0016] The first and second pins of the CAN communication chip U6 are both connected to the gateway chip U1. The third pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to the 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C14. The fourth pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to the first end of resistor R16, the first negative terminal of the PES protection diode, and the first pin of the CAN communication interface P5. The fifth pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to the second end of resistor R16, the second negative terminal of the PES protection diode, and the second pin of the CAN communication interface P5. The positive terminal of the PES protection diode is grounded.

[0017] Further improvements to this technical solution include an input / output circuit comprising a high-current drive chip U7, a signal output sub-circuit, and a signal input sub-circuit. The signal output sub-circuit comprises a relay K1, a resistor R17, a light-emitting diode LED2, an output interface P6, a relay K2, a resistor R18, a light-emitting diode LED3, and an output interface P7. The signal output sub-circuit comprises an input interface P8, a resistor R19, a resistor R20, a light-emitting diode LED4, an optocoupler isolation chip U8, a resistor R21, an input interface P9, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a light-emitting diode LED5, an optocoupler isolation chip U9, and a resistor R24.

[0018] The first and second pins of the high-current drive chip U7 are both connected to the gateway chip U1. The third pin of the high-current drive chip U7 is connected to the first end of resistor R17, the first end of the coil of relay K1, the first end of resistor R18, and the first end of the coil of relay K2. The second end of resistor R17 is connected to the positive terminal of LED2. The negative terminal of LED2 is connected to the second end of the coil of relay K1 and the fourth pin of the high-current drive chip U7. The first end of the normally open switch of relay K1 is connected to the first pin of output interface P6. The second end of the normally open switch of relay K1 is connected to the second pin of output interface P6. The second end of resistor R18 is connected to the positive terminal of LED3. The negative terminal of LED3 is connected to the second end of the coil of relay K2 and the fifth pin of the high-current drive chip U7. The first end of the normally open switch of relay K2 is connected to the first pin of output interface P7. The second end of the normally open switch of relay K2 is connected to the second pin of output interface P7.

[0019] The first pin of input interface P8 is connected to the first terminals of resistors R19 and R20. The second terminal of resistor R19 is connected to the positive terminal of LED4. The second terminal of resistor R20 is connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler chip U8. The second pin of input interface P8 is connected to the first terminal of the normally open switch of relay K1, the negative terminal of LED4, and the negative terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler chip U8. The collector of the light-receiving terminal of optocoupler chip U8 is connected to gateway chip U1 and connected to a 3.3V power supply through resistor R21. The first pin of input interface P9 is connected to resistor R2... The first terminal of pin 2 and the first terminal of resistor R23, the second terminal of resistor R22 are connected to the positive terminal of LED5, the second terminal of resistor R23 are connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9, the second pin of input interface P9 is connected to the first terminal of normally open switch of relay K2, the negative terminal of LED5 and the negative terminal of light-emitting terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9, the collector of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9 is connected to gateway chip U1 and connected to 3.3V power supply through resistor R24, and the emitter of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U8 and the emitter of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9 are both grounded.

[0020] Further improvements to this technical solution include peripheral sub-circuits including capacitor C15, capacitor C16, resistor R25, capacitor C17, resistor R26, LED6, resistor R27, LED7 and download unit, the download unit including download switch SW1, enable switch SW2 and capacitor C18.

[0021] The first terminal of capacitor C15, the first terminal of capacitor C15, and the first terminal of resistor R25 are all connected to the first pin of gateway chip U1. The second pin of gateway chip U1 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R25 and the first terminal of capacitor C17. The second terminals of capacitor C15, capacitor C16, and capacitor C17 are all grounded. The third pin of gateway chip U1 is connected to the negative terminal of LED6 through resistor R26. The fourth pin of gateway chip U1 is connected to the negative terminal of LED7 through resistor R27. The positive terminals of LED6 and LED7 are both connected to a 3.3V power supply.

[0022] The first terminal of the download switch SW1 is connected to the fifth pin of the gateway chip U1, and the second terminal of the download switch SW1 is grounded. The first terminal of the enable switch S1 and the first terminal of the capacitor C18 are both connected to the sixth pin of the gateway chip U1, and the second terminal of the enable switch S1 and the second terminal of the capacitor C18 are both grounded.

[0023] Further improvements to this technical solution include a TTL communication interface P10 connected to the gateway chip U1.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0025] Multi-communication interface integration: The device integrates USB interface circuitry, Ethernet communication circuitry, RS485 communication circuitry, and CAN communication circuitry, enabling simultaneous support for multiple communication protocols such as USB, Ethernet, RS485, and CAN. In complex and diverse IoT application scenarios such as industrial automation, field devices may employ different communication protocols. This DTU edge gateway device can seamlessly connect and interact with these devices using different protocols, avoiding the limitations of traditional DTUs that only support a single communication protocol, and greatly improving data interaction efficiency and interoperability between devices.

[0026] Enhanced system compatibility and scalability: The multi-protocol compatibility allows the device to easily connect to different types of field devices without requiring separate DTU configurations for each protocol, reducing system complexity and cost. Simultaneously, it reserves space for future integration with devices using different communication protocols, enhancing the overall compatibility and scalability of the IoT system.

[0027] The gateway chip U1 uses the high-performance ESP32-S3 chip, which boasts powerful computing capabilities and rich communication interfaces. It can quickly process data from different communication interfaces, achieving efficient data forwarding and protocol conversion. Its low power consumption also helps extend the device's lifespan and reduce operating costs.

[0028] Multitasking and Real-Time Performance: The ESP32-S3 chip supports multitasking and parallel processing, enabling it to handle data transmission tasks from multiple communication interfaces simultaneously, ensuring data real-time performance and accuracy. This feature is particularly important in IoT applications requiring remote control and real-time monitoring, meeting the stringent requirements for efficient and stable data transmission and remote control capabilities between devices.

[0029] Furthermore, the design principle of this utility model is reliable, the structure is simple, and it has a very wide range of application prospects.

[0030] It is evident that this utility model has outstanding substantive features and significant progress compared with the prior art, and the beneficial effects of its implementation are also obvious. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a DTU edge gateway device.

[0033] Figure 2 This is the schematic diagram of the power supply circuit.

[0034] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the central processing circuit.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a USB interface circuit.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an Ethernet communication circuit.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an RS485 communication circuit.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a CAN communication circuit.

[0039] Figure 8 This is the schematic diagram of the input / output circuit.

[0040] 110 is the central processing circuit, 120 is the USB interface circuit, 130 is the Ethernet communication circuit, 140 is the RS485 communication circuit, 150 is the CAN communication circuit, 160 is the input / output circuit, and 170 is the power supply circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0043] The key terms appearing in this utility model are explained below.

[0044] DTU stands for Data Transfer Unit. It refers to an Internet of Things (IoT) communication terminal that has multi-protocol conversion and edge computing capabilities.

[0045] RS485, short for Recommended Standard 485, is a balanced serial communication interface standard that supports long-distance, multi-point communication. In this solution, it is used for industrial equipment interconnection.

[0046] CAN, short for Controller Area Network, is a highly reliable real-time communication protocol used in this solution for real-time data exchange in vehicle-mounted or industrial automation equipment.

[0047] USB, short for Universal Serial Bus, is used as a debugging interface or extended communication interface to support device configuration and data transfer.

[0048] TTL stands for Transistor-Transistor Logic, which means transistor-to-transistor logic level. A TTL communication interface refers to a digital signal interface that conforms to the TTL level standard and is used for short-distance communication between modules.

[0049] like Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides a DTU edge gateway device, including a central processing circuit, a USB interface circuit, an Ethernet communication circuit, an RS485 communication circuit, a CAN communication circuit, an input / output circuit, and a power supply circuit for powering the entire device. The central processing circuit includes a gateway chip U1 and peripheral sub-circuits connected to the gateway chip U1. The USB interface circuit, Ethernet communication circuit, RS485 communication circuit, CAN communication circuit, and input / output circuit are all communicatively connected to the gateway chip U1.

[0050] This invention integrates a USB interface circuit, an Ethernet communication circuit, an RS485 communication circuit, and a CAN communication circuit, enabling simultaneous support for multiple communication protocols such as USB, Ethernet, RS485, and CAN. In complex and diverse IoT application scenarios such as industrial automation, field devices may employ different communication protocols. This DTU edge gateway device can seamlessly connect and interact with these devices using different protocols, avoiding the limitations of traditional DTUs that only support a single communication protocol, and greatly improving data interaction efficiency and interoperability between devices.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the power supply circuit includes a power conversion chip U2, a power interface P1, a bidirectional transient voltage suppressor diode TVS1, capacitors C1 and C2, a Zener diode D1, an inductor L1, a resistor R1, capacitors C3, C4, and C5, resistors R2, R3, and R4, capacitor C6, resistor R5, and a light-emitting diode LED1. The first pin of the power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first pin of the power interface P1 and grounded through the parallel bidirectional transient voltage suppressor diode TVS1, capacitors C1 and C2. The second pin of the power interface P1 is grounded. The second pin of the power conversion chip U2 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode D1 and the first terminal of the inductor L1. The positive terminal of the Zener diode D1 is grounded. The second terminal of inductor L1 is connected to the 3.3V power supply output terminal. The third pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first terminal of inductor L1 through a series resistor R1 and capacitor C3. The fourth pin of power conversion chip U2 is grounded through a capacitor. The fifth pin of power conversion chip U2 is grounded through a series capacitor C2 and resistor R2. The sixth pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first terminals of resistor R3 and resistor R4. The second terminal of resistor R3 is grounded. The second terminal of resistor R4 is connected to the 3.3V power supply output terminal and the first terminal of capacitor C6. The second terminal of capacitor C6 is grounded. The output terminal of the 3.3V power supply is connected to the positive terminal of LED1 through resistor R5. The negative terminal of LED1 is grounded.

[0052] The first pin of the power conversion chip U2 is grounded through a parallel bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS1. When a transient overvoltage occurs at the power interface P1 (such as a voltage spike caused by lightning induction or power grid fluctuations), TVS1 can quickly conduct and clamp the overvoltage within a safe range, thereby protecting the downstream power conversion chip U2 and other circuit components from damage caused by high voltage surges. This effectively improves the anti-interference capability and reliability of the equipment in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0053] The capacitors C1 and C2 connected in parallel with TVS1 form a filter circuit, which can filter out the high-frequency noise and ripple introduced by the power interface P1, making the power entering the power conversion chip U2 cleaner, reducing the interference of noise on the normal operation of the chip, ensuring that the power conversion chip U2 can stably and accurately complete the voltage conversion task, and providing a reliable power foundation for subsequent circuits.

[0054] The second pin of the power conversion chip U2 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode D1, while the positive terminal of the Zener diode D1 is grounded. During power conversion, the Zener diode D1 plays an auxiliary role in voltage regulation. When abnormal fluctuations occur in the output voltage, the Zener diode D1 can limit the voltage from rising further, ensuring the stability of the output voltage and preventing damage to subsequent load circuits due to excessive voltage.

[0055] Inductor L1 is connected between the second pin of power conversion chip U2 and the 3.3V power output terminal. During power conversion, inductor L1 serves a dual function of energy storage and filtering. On the one hand, it stores energy to smooth the output voltage and reduce voltage fluctuations during the operating cycle of power conversion chip U2. On the other hand, inductor L1 and the subsequent capacitor form an LC filter circuit to further filter out ripple and noise in the output voltage, making the output 3.3V power supply more stable and pure, meeting the power quality requirements of subsequent circuits.

[0056] The third pin of the power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first terminal of the inductor L1 via a series resistor R1 and capacitor C3, which together form a compensation network. During power conversion, parasitic parameters of the chip's internal circuitry and external components can cause system oscillations or instability. This compensation network provides phase compensation, adjusts the system's frequency response characteristics, and ensures that the power conversion chip U2 maintains stable operation under various working conditions, thereby improving power conversion efficiency and output voltage quality.

[0057] The fourth pin of the power conversion chip U2 is grounded through a capacitor, and the fifth pin is grounded through a series capacitor C2 and resistor R2. These capacitors (C4 and C5) serve as filters and decouplers. They can filter out high-frequency noise generated by the internal circuitry of the chip, provide a stable power supply and ground reference for the chip, reduce mutual interference between chips, and ensure that the functional modules inside the chip can work normally and stably, thereby improving the performance and reliability of the entire power supply circuit.

[0058] Pin 6 of the power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first terminals of resistors R3 and R4. The second terminal of resistor R3 is grounded, and the second terminal of resistor R4 is connected to the 3.3V power output terminal and the first terminal of capacitor C6. The second terminal of capacitor C6 is also grounded. Resistors R3 and R4 form a voltage divider circuit, which divides the 3.3V output voltage proportionally and feeds it back to the power conversion chip U2. The chip detects this feedback voltage, compares it with an internally preset reference voltage, and automatically adjusts the output voltage based on the comparison result. This achieves precise control and stable regulation of the output voltage, ensuring that the output 3.3V power supply voltage always remains within the set accuracy range.

[0059] The output terminal of the 3.3V power supply is connected to the positive terminal of LED1 via resistor R5, while the negative terminal of LED1 is grounded. When the 3.3V power supply is outputting normally, LED1 will light up, visually indicating the operating status of the power supply circuit. Users can quickly determine whether the power supply circuit is working properly by observing the on / off state of LED1, facilitating equipment debugging, maintenance, and troubleshooting, thus improving equipment maintainability and user experience.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, gateway chip U1 uses the ESP32-S3 gateway chip. This chip boasts powerful computing capabilities and rich communication interfaces, enabling it to quickly process data from different communication interfaces and achieve efficient data forwarding and protocol conversion. Its low power consumption also helps extend the device's lifespan and reduce operating costs. The ESP32-S3 chip supports multi-task parallel processing, capable of handling data transmission tasks from multiple communication interfaces simultaneously, ensuring data real-time performance and accuracy. This feature is particularly important in IoT applications requiring remote control and real-time monitoring, meeting the stringent requirements for efficient and stable data transmission and remote control capabilities between devices.

[0061] The peripheral circuitry of gateway chip U1 includes capacitors C15 and C16, resistors R25, C17, and R26, LEDs LED6, R27, and LED7, a download unit, and an RF coaxial connector RF1. The download unit includes a download switch SW1, an enable switch SW2, and capacitor C18. The first terminals of capacitors C15, R27, and R26 are all connected to the first pin of gateway chip U1. The second pin of gateway chip U1 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R25 and the first terminal of capacitor C17. The second terminals of capacitors C15, C16, and R26 are connected to the first pin of capacitor C18. The second terminals of C17 are all grounded. The third pin of the gateway chip U1 is connected to the negative terminal of LED6 through resistor R26. The fourth pin of the gateway chip U1 is connected to the negative terminal of LED7 through resistor R27. The positive terminals of LED6 and LED7 are both connected to a 3.3V power supply. The first terminal of the download switch SW1 is connected to the fifth pin of the gateway chip U1. The second terminal of the download switch SW1 is grounded. The first terminal of the enable switch S1 and the first terminal of capacitor C18 are both connected to the sixth pin of the gateway chip U1. The second terminals of the enable switch S1 and the second terminal of capacitor C18 are both grounded.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, the USB interface circuit includes a USB interface P2, a controlled source, resistors R6 and R7. The first pin of the USB interface P2 is grounded through resistor R6, the second pin of the USB interface P2 is grounded through resistor R7, and the third, fourth, fifth and sixth pins of the USB interface P2 are all connected to the gateway chip U1 through the controlled source.

[0063] Specifically, resistors R6 and R7 provide grounding protection: the first pin of the USB interface P2 is grounded through resistor R6, and the second pin is grounded through resistor R7. During actual use of the USB interface, due to plugging and unplugging operations, external electrostatic discharge (ESD), and other factors, electrostatic charge easily accumulates on the interface pins. If this charge is not released in time, it may generate transient high voltages, damaging sensitive components such as the connected gateway chip U1. Resistors R6 and R7, acting as pull-down resistors, provide an electrostatic discharge path for the first and second pins of the USB interface P2, quickly and safely conducting the accumulated charge to ground, effectively reducing the damage of electrostatics to the circuit, improving the circuit's anti-electrostatic interference capability, and ensuring the stability of signal transmission between the USB interface and the gateway chip U1. Simultaneously, when no device is connected to the USB interface, pull-down resistors R6 and R7 ensure that the first and second pins are in a stable low-level state, avoiding uncertain level signals caused by floating pins, preventing accidental triggering of subsequent circuits, and enhancing the circuit's reliability and anti-interference capability.

[0064] Controlled source connection to gateway chip U1: Pins 3 (D+), 4 (D-, data signal pin), 5 (VBUS, power pin), and 6 (usually the ID pin, used for OTG functions, etc., depending on the USB interface type) of USB interface P2 are all connected to gateway chip U1 via controlled source. As a power or signal transmission element controlled by external signals, the controlled source can flexibly control the signal and power connection status between each pin of the USB interface and the gateway chip according to the control signals of gateway chip U1.

[0065] For the D+ and D- data signal pins, the controlled source can dynamically open or close the data signal transmission channel according to the operating mode and communication requirements of the gateway chip U1. For example, when USB data communication is not required, the controlled source can disconnect the data signal from the gateway chip U1 to reduce unnecessary signal interference and power consumption; when data transmission is required, the controlled source can promptly reconnect the connection to ensure that data can be transmitted accurately and efficiently between the USB interface and the gateway chip U1, improving the reliability and efficiency of data communication.

[0066] For the VBUS power pins, the controlled source enables intelligent power management. When a device is connected, the controlled source can precisely control the on / off timing of power supply to the USB interface according to instructions from the gateway chip U1, preventing device malfunctions caused by premature or delayed power supply. Simultaneously, after the device is disconnected, the controlled source can quickly cut off power to prevent leakage and unnecessary power consumption, extending the device's battery life (especially important for battery-powered DTU edge gateway devices) and improving the overall system's energy efficiency.

[0067] If pin 6 of USB interface P2 is the ID pin, used for USB OTG (On-The-Go) functionality, the controlled source can flexibly switch the role of the USB interface (host or device) according to the control signals of the gateway chip U1. When it needs to act as a host, the controlled source adjusts the connection status of relevant signals and power, enabling the USB interface to provide power and data transmission services to the connected external device; when it needs to act as a device, the controlled source changes the connection mode accordingly, enabling the USB interface to receive control signals and data from the external host, thus realizing flexible expansion of the USB interface function and enhancing the versatility and compatibility of the DTU edge gateway device.

[0068] like Figure 5As shown, the Ethernet communication circuit includes an Ethernet communication chip U3, capacitors C7, C8, C9, C10, and C11. The first and second pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3 are grounded through capacitor C7. The third pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C8. The fourth pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through parallel capacitors C9 and C10. The fifth pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C11. The sixth to tenth pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3 are connected to the gateway chip U1.

[0069] The first and second pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3 are grounded via capacitor C7. These two pins may relate to the reference level of critical signals within the chip or to the power supply of specific functional modules. Capacitor C7 acts as a decoupling capacitor, effectively filtering out high-frequency noise and ripple interference on these two pins. During chip operation, rapid switching of internal circuitry generates transient current changes, introducing noise into the power lines. Capacitor C7 responds quickly to these transient changes, providing or absorbing the corresponding charge to maintain stable pin levels, preventing internal logic errors or signal distortion caused by noise interference, and ensuring the normal and stable operation of the functional modules related to the first and second pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3.

[0070] The third pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C8. Capacitor C8 forms a filter circuit between the 3.3V power supply and this pin, filtering out high-frequency interference signals that may exist on the power line and providing a clean and stable power supply voltage to this pin. This is crucial for ensuring the normal operation of the functional modules associated with the chip's third pin (such as some control logic or power management modules), preventing abnormal chip operation due to power fluctuations or noise interference, and thus affecting the stability and reliability of Ethernet communication.

[0071] The fourth pin is also connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through parallel capacitors C9 and C10. Using two capacitors in parallel increases the capacitance of the filter capacitor, thus more effectively filtering power supply noise across different frequency ranges. Capacitors of different capacitances have different filtering characteristics for noise at different frequencies. The combination of capacitors C9 and C10 covers a wider frequency range, providing deep filtering of noise on the power line. This provides a more stable power environment for the circuitry related to the fourth pin of the chip, ensuring that the chip will not experience data errors or communication interruptions due to power supply issues when processing high-speed Ethernet data or complex communication protocols.

[0072] Pin 5 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C11. Capacitor C11 acts as a filter, similar to the aforementioned capacitors, ensuring a stable power supply to this pin. This is essential for the stable operation of the functional modules controlled by pin 5 (such as modules related to data transmission and reception control), and helps improve the chip's anti-interference capability and data transmission accuracy during Ethernet communication.

[0073] The aforementioned capacitors decouple and filter the power supply pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3, providing a stable and clean power environment for the chip. In Ethernet communication, the transmission of high-speed data signals places extremely high demands on power quality. A stable power supply reduces the impact of power noise on the chip's internal circuitry, avoiding signal jitter and distortion caused by power fluctuations. This ensures the integrity of the Ethernet data signals output from pins six to ten of the chip to the gateway chip U1. These signals are transmitted accurately and clearly, reducing the probability of data errors and retransmissions, improving the efficiency and reliability of Ethernet communication, and enabling the DTU edge gateway device to stably and efficiently interact with external networks.

[0074] Noise on the power line not only affects the chip's own operation but can also act as a source of electromagnetic interference, radiating interference to Ethernet communication signals. Capacitors C7, C8, C9, C10, and C11 filter out power supply noise, reducing the level of electromagnetic interference generated during chip operation. This helps reduce interference to Ethernet communication lines, ensuring signal quality and stability during transmission. Especially in complex electromagnetic environments, such as industrial sites with numerous electrical devices interfering, it effectively improves the anti-interference capability of the DTU edge gateway device's Ethernet communication, ensuring the accuracy and real-time performance of data transmission.

[0075] like Figure 6 As shown, the RS485 communication circuit includes an RS485 differential communication chip U4, resistor R8, capacitor C12, resistor R9, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3, resistor R10, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4, resistor R11, RS485 interface P3, RS485 differential communication chip U5, resistor R12, capacitor C13, resistor R13, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6, resistor R14, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7, resistor R15, and RS485 interface P4; and the DTU edge gateway device also includes a TTL communication interface P10 connected to the gateway chip U1.

[0076] The first and second pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 are both connected to the gateway chip U1 and grounded through resistor R8. The third and fourth pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 are connected to the gateway chip U1. The fifth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C12. The sixth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to the first terminal of resistor R9, the first terminal of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, the first terminal of resistor R10, and the first terminal of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3. The second terminal of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3 is grounded. The seventh pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R9, the second terminal of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, the first terminal of resistor R11, and the first terminal of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4. The second terminal of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4 is grounded. The second terminal of resistor R10 is connected to the first pin of RS485 interface P3, and the second terminal of resistor R11 is connected to the second pin of RS485 interface P3. The first and second pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 are both connected to the gateway chip U1 and grounded through resistor R12. The third and fourth pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 are connected to the gateway chip U1. The fifth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C13. The sixth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to the first end of resistor R13, the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, the first end of resistor R14, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6 is grounded. The seventh pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to the second end of resistor R13, the second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, the first end of resistor R15, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7 is grounded. The second end of resistor R14 is connected to the first pin of RS485 interface P4, and the second end of resistor R15 is connected to the second pin of RS485 interface P4.

[0077] Specifically, bidirectional transient voltage suppressor diodes (TVS2, TVS3, TVS5, TVS6, etc.) are configured near the communication pins (such as data transmit and receive pins) of RS485 differential communication chips U4 and U5, respectively. When a transient overvoltage occurs on the RS485 communication line (such as lightning induction, power grid fluctuations, electromagnetic pulses generated by the switching operation of other equipment, etc.), these TVS diodes can quickly conduct, clamping the overvoltage within a safe range, preventing high voltage surges from damaging the internal circuitry of the chip, ensuring stable operation of the chip in complex electromagnetic environments, and improving the reliability of the RS485 communication circuit.

[0078] At the P3 and P4 pins of the RS485 interface, bidirectional transient suppression diodes (TVS4 and TVS7) are used to protect the interface pins. When external devices are connected to or disconnected from the interface, electrostatic discharge (ESD) or other transient voltage interference may occur. The TVS diodes can promptly discharge these interference voltages, preventing them from being introduced into the circuit through the interface and causing damage to the device, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the interface connection with external devices.

[0079] Installing terminating resistors (R8, R9, R12, R13) at the ends of RS485 communication lines (near RS485 interfaces P3 and P4) can reduce signal reflection on the transmission line. RS485 communication uses differential signal transmission; during long-distance transmission, signal reflection occurs at the end of the transmission line, causing signal distortion and waveform aberration, affecting the accuracy of data transmission. Terminating resistors absorb reflected signals, achieving impedance matching on the transmission line, ensuring complete signal transmission to the receiving end, improving communication reliability, and reducing the bit error rate.

[0080] Capacitors C12 and C13 are connected near the power supply pins or critical signal pins of RS485 differential communication chips U4 and U5, respectively, and grounded, serving a filtering function. They can filter out high-frequency noise and ripple interference introduced into the power or signal lines, providing a stable power and signal environment for the chips, reducing noise interference to the normal operation of the chips, ensuring that the chips can accurately transmit, receive, and process data, and improving the quality of RS485 communication.

[0081] By configuring RS485 interfaces P3 and P4, along with the corresponding RS485 differential communication chips U4 and U5, the DTU edge gateway device supports dual-channel RS485 communication. This design enables the device to communicate with multiple external RS485 devices simultaneously, meeting the needs of multi-device connectivity in various application scenarios. For example, in industrial automation environments, different types of sensors, actuators, or other intelligent devices can be connected to achieve centralized data acquisition and control command transmission, improving the device's versatility and scalability.

[0082] Each RS485 communication channel can be configured and controlled independently. The gateway chip U1 manages the RS485 differential communication chips U4 and U5 separately, enabling efficient communication with different types of external devices based on various communication protocols, baud rates, and other parameter settings. This flexibility allows the DTU edge gateway device to adapt to various complex industrial environments and facilitates integration and interaction with multiple RS485 devices.

[0083] In RS485 communication lines, resistors R10, R11, R14, and R15 act as current-limiting resistors. When abnormal conditions such as short circuits or overloads occur on the communication line, they limit the current magnitude, preventing excessive current from damaging the RS485 differential communication chips U4 and U5, as well as external devices. By appropriately setting the resistance values ​​of these resistors, effective overcurrent protection is provided for the circuit while ensuring the normal communication current can pass through, enhancing the safety and reliability of the equipment.

[0084] The TTL communication interface P10 connects to the gateway chip U1, providing a direct and efficient communication method between different modules within the DTU edge gateway device. Inside the device, there may be multiple functional modules (such as a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a storage module). Through the TTL communication interface P10, these modules can easily interact with the gateway chip U1, enabling information sharing and collaborative work. For example, the data acquisition module can quickly transmit the acquired data to the gateway chip U1 for processing via the TTL communication interface P10, improving the data transmission efficiency within the device.

[0085] The design of the TTL communication interface P10 also facilitates the expansion of device functionality. When new functional modules need to be added, they can be connected to the gateway chip U1 through the TTL communication interface P10, enabling rapid module integration and functional expansion without requiring large-scale modifications to the device's main circuitry, thus reducing the cost and difficulty of device upgrades and expansions.

[0086] like Figure 7 As shown, the CAN communication circuit includes a CAN communication chip U6, a capacitor C14, a resistor R16, a PES protection diode D2, and a CAN communication interface P5. The first and second pins of the CAN communication chip U6 are both connected to the gateway chip U1. The third pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through the capacitor C14. The fourth pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to the first end of the resistor R16, the first negative terminal of the PES protection diode, and the first pin of the CAN communication interface P5. The fifth pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to the second end of the resistor R16, the second negative terminal of the PES protection diode, and the second pin of the CAN communication interface P5. The positive terminal of the PES protection diode is grounded.

[0087] Specifically, the third pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C14. Capacitor C14 acts as a decoupling capacitor, effectively filtering out high-frequency noise and ripple interference on the power line. During chip operation, rapid switching of the internal circuitry generates transient current changes, introducing noise into the power line. Capacitor C14 can quickly respond to these transient changes, providing or absorbing the corresponding charge to maintain a stable power supply pin level. This prevents internal logic errors or signal distortion caused by power fluctuations or noise interference, ensuring stable operation of the CAN communication chip U6, providing reliable power support for subsequent CAN communication, and improving the quality of the communication signal.

[0088] Resistor R16 is connected between pins 4 and 5 of the CAN communication chip U6, acting as a terminating resistor. In CAN bus communication, when signals are transmitted along the transmission line, impedance mismatch can cause reflected signals at the line's end, leading to waveform distortion and affecting communication accuracy and reliability. By appropriately setting its resistance value, resistor R16 matches the characteristic impedance of the CAN bus with the transmission line impedance, effectively absorbing reflected signals, reducing the impact of signal reflection on communication quality, and ensuring that the CAN signal is transmitted completely and accurately to the CAN communication interface P5, thus enabling reliable communication with external CAN devices.

[0089] Properly setting the termination matching resistor can also reduce signal crosstalk on the CAN bus. In a CAN bus network with multiple connected devices, signals sent by different devices may interfere with each other. Resistor R16 helps stabilize signal levels, reduces mutual interference between signals, improves the anti-interference capability of CAN communication, and enables DTU edge gateway devices to conduct stable CAN communication in complex industrial environments.

[0090] The PES protection diode D2 is connected between pins 4 and 5 of the CAN communication chip U6 and the CAN communication interface P5, with its positive terminal grounded. When a transient overvoltage occurs on the CAN communication line (such as lightning strikes, power grid fluctuations, or electromagnetic pulses generated by the switching operation of other devices), the PES protection diode quickly conducts, clamping the overvoltage within a safe range and preventing high-voltage surges from damaging the CAN communication chip U6 and external devices connected to the CAN communication interface P5. This overvoltage protection mechanism effectively avoids chip damage and communication interruptions caused by transient overvoltages, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the CAN communication circuit.

[0091] In complex electromagnetic environments such as industrial sites, transient overvoltages are more likely to occur. The presence of PES protection diodes gives the CAN communication circuit of the DTU edge gateway device strong anti-interference and self-protection capabilities, enabling it to adapt to various harsh electromagnetic environments and ensuring reliable CAN communication under complex operating conditions, thus improving the device's versatility and adaptability.

[0092] In addition to transient overvoltage protection, the PES protection diode D2 also provides some degree of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. When external devices are connected to or disconnected from the CAN communication interface P5, electrostatic discharge may occur. Static charge may be introduced into the circuit through the interface, damaging the chip. The PES protection diode can quickly discharge the static charge to ground, preventing its accumulation on the chip pins, protecting the CAN communication chip U6 from ESD damage, and extending the device's lifespan.

[0093] The first and second pins of the CAN communication chip U6 are both connected to the gateway chip U1. This direct connection enables efficient data interaction between the CAN communication chip and the gateway chip. The gateway chip U1 can directly control and configure the CAN communication chip U6, quickly receiving and sending data on the CAN bus. In DTU edge gateway devices, CAN communication is typically used for real-time data transmission with other industrial equipment, such as sensor data acquisition and equipment status monitoring. The direct connection reduces intermediate steps, lowers data transmission latency, improves communication efficiency, and ensures that the device can respond promptly to information from external CAN devices, meeting the real-time requirements of industrial automation.

[0094] The gateway chip U1 can be flexibly configured with the CAN communication chip U6 according to actual needs, such as setting different communication baud rates and data frame formats, to adapt to the communication requirements of different types of external CAN devices. This flexibility enables the DTU edge gateway device to easily integrate and communicate with CAN devices in various industrial fields, improving the device's compatibility and scalability.

[0095] The P5 CAN communication interface adopts a standard CAN bus interface design, facilitating connection and integration between DTU edge gateway devices and external CAN devices. In the field of industrial automation, CAN bus is a widely used communication protocol, and many industrial devices support the CAN communication interface. By using the standard CAN communication interface P5, DTU edge gateway devices can easily access existing industrial CAN bus networks without complex interface conversion and adaptation, reducing the difficulty and cost of device integration and improving the deployment efficiency of devices in industrial fields.

[0096] like Figure 8As shown, the input / output circuit includes a high-current drive chip U7, a signal output sub-circuit, a signal input sub-circuit, and a wire-to-board connector P11. The signal output sub-circuit includes a relay K1, a resistor R17, a light-emitting diode LED2, an output interface P6, a relay K2, a resistor R18, a light-emitting diode LED3, and an output interface P7. The signal output sub-circuit includes an input interface P8, a resistor R19, a resistor R20, a light-emitting diode LED4, an optocoupler isolation chip U8, a resistor R21, an input interface P9, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a light-emitting diode LED5, an optocoupler isolation chip U9, and a resistor R24.

[0097] Specifically, the first and second pins of the high-current drive chip U7 are both connected to the gateway chip U1. The third pin of the high-current drive chip U7 is connected to the first end of resistor R17, the first end of the coil of relay K1, the first end of resistor R18, and the first end of the coil of relay K2. The second end of resistor R17 is connected to the positive terminal of LED2. The negative terminal of LED2 is connected to the second end of the coil of relay K1 and the fourth pin of the high-current drive chip U7. The first end of the normally open switch of relay K1 is connected to the first pin of output interface P6. The second end of the normally open switch of relay K1 is connected to the second pin of output interface P6. The second end of resistor R18 is connected to the positive terminal of LED3. The negative terminal of LED3 is connected to the second end of the coil of relay K2 and the fifth pin of the high-current drive chip U7. The first end of the normally open switch of relay K2 is connected to the first pin of output interface P7. The second end of the normally open switch of relay K2 is connected to the second pin of output interface P7. The first pin of input interface P8 is connected to the first terminals of resistors R19 and R20. The second terminal of resistor R19 is connected to the positive terminal of LED4. The second terminal of resistor R20 is connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler chip U8. The second pin of input interface P8 is connected to the first terminal of the normally open switch of relay K1, the negative terminal of LED4, and the negative terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler chip U8. The collector of the light-receiving terminal of optocoupler chip U8 is connected to gateway chip U1 and connected to a 3.3V power supply through resistor R21. The first pin of input interface P9 is connected to resistor R2... The first terminal of pin 2 and the first terminal of resistor R23, the second terminal of resistor R22 are connected to the positive terminal of LED5, the second terminal of resistor R23 are connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9, the second pin of input interface P9 is connected to the first terminal of normally open switch of relay K2, the negative terminal of LED5 and the negative terminal of light-emitting terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9, the collector of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9 is connected to gateway chip U1 and connected to 3.3V power supply through resistor R24, and the emitter of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U8 and the emitter of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9 are both grounded.

[0098] The high-current drive chip U7 serves as the core driving element, with its first and second pins connected to the gateway chip U1, enabling it to receive control signals from the gateway chip. The chip's internal circuitry boasts powerful current driving capabilities, meeting the high current requirements for relay coil activation. This allows the DTU edge gateway device to reliably control relay operation, thereby driving external high-current load devices such as motors and solenoid valves, expanding the device's application range in industrial control and other scenarios, and achieving effective control of various high-power devices.

[0099] By simultaneously powering the coils of relays K1 and K2 through the third pin of the high-current driver chip U7, centralized control of multiple outputs is achieved. This design reduces the complexity of the control circuit, saves hardware resources, and improves the system's integration and reliability. In scenarios requiring simultaneous control of multiple external devices, it enables rapid and accurate independent control of each output, improving the device's efficiency and flexibility.

[0100] Resistors R17 and R18 are connected in series with LEDs LED2 and LED3, respectively, in the coil circuits of relays K1 and K2. When the relay coils are energized, the corresponding LEDs light up, visually indicating the operating status of that output. This visual indication function allows on-site operators and maintenance personnel to quickly assess the equipment's output status, promptly identify abnormal conditions, and improve the maintainability and ease of operation of the equipment. For example, during equipment commissioning, operators can quickly confirm whether the relays are operating as expected by observing the on / off state of the LEDs, reducing commissioning time.

[0101] The normally open switches of relays K1 and K2 are connected to output interfaces P6 and P7 respectively, employing a standardized interface design for easy connection to external devices. This universal interface design enables the DTU edge gateway device to be quickly integrated with various external devices conforming to interface standards, eliminating the need for complex interface conversion circuits and reducing device integration costs and complexity. At the same time, the standardized interface also improves the device's compatibility and scalability, facilitating the replacement or addition of external devices as needed.

[0102] Relays K1 and K2 act as isolation components, electrically isolating the control circuit of the high-current drive chip U7 from the external high-current load circuit. When the external load circuit experiences faults such as short circuits or overloads, the relays effectively prevent fault current from flowing back into the control circuit, protecting the high-current drive chip U7 and the gateway chip U1 from damage. This isolation design improves the system's safety and reliability, and extends the equipment's lifespan.

[0103] The relay uses a normally open switch design. In the initial state, output interfaces P6 and P7 are disconnected from the external load circuit. Only when the relay coil is energized and attracted by the control signal from the gateway chip does the normally open switch close, connecting the external load to the circuit. This design avoids potential malfunctions during power-on, improving system safety, and is particularly important in industrial control scenarios with high safety requirements.

[0104] By configuring input interfaces P8 and P9, the DTU edge gateway device can simultaneously acquire two external input signals, meeting the requirements of multi-channel signal input. This multi-channel design allows the device to connect to various types of sensors or external devices, enabling simultaneous monitoring and control of multiple signal sources, thus improving the device's integration and functionality. For example, in industrial automation monitoring systems, signals of multiple physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate can be acquired simultaneously, providing comprehensive data support for the system's integrated analysis and control.

[0105] Resistors R19, R20, R22, and R23 are connected in series with LEDs 4 and 5, respectively, in the input interface circuit. When an external input signal is received, the LEDs will light up or turn off according to the signal status, providing operators with a clear indication of the input signal status. This indication function facilitates quick on-site judgment of whether the input signal is properly connected and its approximate status, helping to promptly identify problems in the signal transmission process and improving equipment maintainability.

[0106] Resistors R19, R20, R22, and R23 also serve as voltage dividers and current limiters in the circuit. On the one hand, by setting the resistor values ​​appropriately, the voltage of the external input signal can be adjusted to a range suitable for subsequent circuit processing, avoiding damage to the circuit due to excessively high or low input signal voltage. On the other hand, the resistors can limit the input current, preventing excessive current from damaging the light-emitting terminals of the optocoupler isolation chips U8 and U9, thus improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0107] Optical isolation chips U8 and U9 are connected to the signal transmission paths of input interfaces P8 and P9, respectively, achieving electrical isolation between the input signal and the gateway chip U1. In complex electromagnetic environments such as industrial sites, external input signals may be subject to various interferences, such as electromagnetic radiation and electrostatic interference. The optical isolation chips transmit signals via optical signals, effectively blocking electrical connections and preventing interference signals from entering the gateway chip through the common ground or other electrical connection paths. This improves the system's anti-interference capability and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the input signal.

[0108] Optical isolation chips feature unidirectional signal transmission; input signals can only be transmitted from the emitting end to the receiving end, and cannot be transmitted in the reverse direction. This characteristic further enhances the electrical isolation effect of the system, preventing signals from the gateway chip side from interfering with external input signal sources. It also avoids damage to the gateway chip caused by reverse current from external signal sources, thus improving the system's safety and stability.

[0109] In industrial settings, ground potentials may differ between different devices. Optical isolation chips provide electrical isolation for input signals, effectively eliminating the impact of ground potential differences on signal transmission. Even if the ground potentials of external devices and the DTU edge gateway device differ, the input signal can still be accurately transmitted to the gateway chip for processing, avoiding signal distortion or equipment damage caused by ground potential differences and improving the system's adaptability and stability in different grounding environments.

[0110] The P11 wire-to-board connector provides a standardized connection method between the circuit board and external cables. During the production, installation, and maintenance of DTU edge gateway equipment, the wire-to-board connector facilitates the connection of input / output circuits to external devices or systems without the need for complex soldering or wiring operations, greatly simplifying the hardware connection process and improving production efficiency and installation convenience.

[0111] When equipment malfunctions or requires upgrades, the P11 wire-to-board connector facilitates quick disassembly and replacement of related circuit boards or cables. For example, if an input / output circuit board fails, the connector can be quickly disconnected and a new circuit board replaced, reducing equipment downtime and improving maintainability and availability.

[0112] The working principle of this DTU edge gateway device is as follows: The device integrates USB, Ethernet, RS485, and CAN communication circuits. Using the ESP32-S3 gateway chip as the processing hub, it receives heterogeneous data from multiple sources, quickly parses and converts the data according to the protocol, unifying different communication formats into internally processable data frames, ensuring seamless interconnection between devices across protocols. The power module employs a power conversion chip paired with voltage regulation and multiple protection circuits. Through transient suppression diodes, filter capacitors, and current-limiting resistors, it achieves stable input voltage conversion and overvoltage / overcurrent protection, while providing clean power to each communication interface, ensuring reliable operation in complex electromagnetic environments. The input and output circuits achieve electrical isolation of signals through optocoupler isolation chips, blocking external interference. Combined with high-current drive chips and relay arrays, it precisely controls external loads and collects field signals. LED status indicators provide real-time feedback on the operating status. This device can perform protocol fusion and, through reliable power supply and anti-interference design, builds a highly compatible and stable industrial IoT communication hub.

[0113] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A DTU edge gateway device, characterized in that, It includes a central processing circuit, a USB interface circuit, an Ethernet communication circuit, an RS485 communication circuit, a CAN communication circuit, an input / output circuit, and a power supply circuit that powers the entire device. The central processing circuit includes a gateway chip U1 and peripheral sub-circuits connected to the gateway chip U1. The USB interface circuit, Ethernet communication circuit, RS485 communication circuit, CAN communication circuit, and input / output circuit are all communicatively connected to the gateway chip U1.

2. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply circuit includes a power conversion chip U2, a power interface P1, a bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS1, capacitors C1 and C2, a Zener diode D1, an inductor L1, a resistor R1, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a capacitor C6, a resistor R5, and a light-emitting diode LED1. The first pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first pin of power interface P1 and grounded through a parallel bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS1, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2. The second pin of power interface P1 is grounded. The second pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode D1 and the first terminal of inductor L1. The positive terminal of Zener diode D1 is grounded. The second terminal of inductor L1 is connected to the 3.3V power output terminal. The third pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first terminal of inductor L1 through a series resistor R1 and capacitor C3. The fourth pin of power conversion chip U2 is grounded through a capacitor. The fifth pin of power conversion chip U2 is grounded through a series capacitor C2 and resistor R2. The sixth pin of power conversion chip U2 is connected to the first terminals of resistor R3 and resistor R4. The second terminal of resistor R3 is grounded. The second terminal of resistor R4 is connected to the 3.3V power output terminal and the first terminal of capacitor C6. The second terminal of capacitor C6 is grounded. The 3.3V power output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of LED1 through resistor R5. The negative terminal of LED1 is grounded.

3. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gateway chip U1 uses the ESP32-S3 gateway chip.

4. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The USB interface circuit includes a USB interface P2, a controlled source, resistors R6 and R7. The first pin of the USB interface P2 is grounded through resistor R6, the second pin of the USB interface P2 is grounded through resistor R7, and the third, fourth, fifth and sixth pins of the USB interface P2 are all connected to the gateway chip U1 through the controlled source.

5. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Ethernet communication circuit includes an Ethernet communication chip U3, capacitors C7, C8, C9, C10, and C11. The first and second pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3 are grounded through capacitor C7. The third pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C8. The fourth pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through parallel capacitors C9 and C10. The fifth pin of the Ethernet communication chip U3 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C11. The sixth to tenth pins of the Ethernet communication chip U3 are connected to the gateway chip U1.

6. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The RS485 communication circuit includes an RS485 differential communication chip U4, resistor R8, capacitor C12, resistor R9, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3, resistor R10, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4, resistor R11, RS485 interface P3, RS485 differential communication chip U5, resistor R12, capacitor C13, resistor R13, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6, resistor R14, bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7, resistor R15, and RS485 interface P4; The first and second pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 are both connected to the gateway chip U1 and grounded through resistor R8. The third and fourth pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 are connected to the gateway chip U1. The fifth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C12. The sixth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to the first end of resistor R9, the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, the first end of resistor R10, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS3 is grounded. The seventh pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U4 is connected to the second end of resistor R9, the second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS2, the first end of resistor R11, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS4 is grounded. The second end of resistor R10 is connected to the first pin of RS485 interface P3, and the second end of resistor R11 is connected to the second pin of RS485 interface P3. The first and second pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 are both connected to the gateway chip U1 and grounded through resistor R12. The third and fourth pins of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 are connected to the gateway chip U1. The fifth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C13. The sixth pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to the first end of resistor R13, the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, the first end of resistor R14, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS6 is grounded. The seventh pin of the RS485 differential communication chip U5 is connected to the second end of resistor R13, the second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS5, the first end of resistor R15, and the first end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7. The second end of bidirectional transient suppression diode TVS7 is grounded. The second end of resistor R14 is connected to the first pin of RS485 interface P4, and the second end of resistor R15 is connected to the second pin of RS485 interface P4.

7. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The CAN communication circuit includes a CAN communication chip U6, a capacitor C14, a resistor R16, a PES protection diode D2, and a CAN communication interface P5. The first and second pins of the CAN communication chip U6 are both connected to the gateway chip U1. The third pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to the 3.3V power supply and grounded through capacitor C14. The fourth pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to the first end of resistor R16, the first negative terminal of the PES protection diode, and the first pin of the CAN communication interface P5. The fifth pin of the CAN communication chip U6 is connected to the second end of resistor R16, the second negative terminal of the PES protection diode, and the second pin of the CAN communication interface P5. The positive terminal of the PES protection diode is grounded.

8. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The input / output circuit includes a high-current drive chip U7, a signal output sub-circuit, and a signal input sub-circuit. The signal output sub-circuit includes a relay K1, a resistor R17, a light-emitting diode LED2, an output interface P6, a relay K2, a resistor R18, a light-emitting diode LED3, and an output interface P7. The signal output sub-circuit includes an input interface P8, a resistor R19, a resistor R20, a light-emitting diode LED4, an optocoupler isolation chip U8, a resistor R21, an input interface P9, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a light-emitting diode LED5, an optocoupler isolation chip U9, and a resistor R24. The first and second pins of the high-current drive chip U7 are both connected to the gateway chip U1. The third pin of the high-current drive chip U7 is connected to the first end of resistor R17, the first end of the coil of relay K1, the first end of resistor R18, and the first end of the coil of relay K2. The second end of resistor R17 is connected to the positive terminal of LED2. The negative terminal of LED2 is connected to the second end of the coil of relay K1 and the fourth pin of the high-current drive chip U7. The first end of the normally open switch of relay K1 is connected to the first pin of output interface P6. The second end of the normally open switch of relay K1 is connected to the second pin of output interface P6. The second end of resistor R18 is connected to the positive terminal of LED3. The negative terminal of LED3 is connected to the second end of the coil of relay K2 and the fifth pin of the high-current drive chip U7. The first end of the normally open switch of relay K2 is connected to the first pin of output interface P7. The second end of the normally open switch of relay K2 is connected to the second pin of output interface P7. The first pin of input interface P8 is connected to the first terminals of resistors R19 and R20. The second terminal of resistor R19 is connected to the positive terminal of LED4. The second terminal of resistor R20 is connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler chip U8. The second pin of input interface P8 is connected to the first terminal of the normally open switch of relay K1, the negative terminal of LED4, and the negative terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler chip U8. The collector of the light-receiving terminal of optocoupler chip U8 is connected to gateway chip U1 and connected to a 3.3V power supply through resistor R21. The first pin of input interface P9 is connected to resistor R2... The first terminal of pin 2 and the first terminal of resistor R23, the second terminal of resistor R22 are connected to the positive terminal of LED5, the second terminal of resistor R23 are connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9, the second pin of input interface P9 is connected to the first terminal of normally open switch of relay K2, the negative terminal of LED5 and the negative terminal of light-emitting terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9, the collector of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9 is connected to gateway chip U1 and connected to 3.3V power supply through resistor R24, and the emitter of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U8 and the emitter of light-receiving terminal of optocoupler isolation chip U9 are both grounded.

9. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The peripheral sub-circuit includes capacitor C15, capacitor C16, resistor R25, capacitor C17, resistor R26, LED6, resistor R27, LED7 and download unit. The download unit includes download switch SW1, enable switch SW2 and capacitor C18. The first terminal of capacitor C15, the first terminal of capacitor C15, and the first terminal of resistor R25 are all connected to the first pin of gateway chip U1. The second pin of gateway chip U1 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R25 and the first terminal of capacitor C17. The second terminals of capacitor C15, capacitor C16, and capacitor C17 are all grounded. The third pin of gateway chip U1 is connected to the negative terminal of LED6 through resistor R26. The fourth pin of gateway chip U1 is connected to the negative terminal of LED7 through resistor R27. The positive terminals of LED6 and LED7 are both connected to a 3.3V power supply. The first terminal of the download switch SW1 is connected to the fifth pin of the gateway chip U1, and the second terminal of the download switch SW1 is grounded. The first terminal of the enable switch S1 and the first terminal of the capacitor C18 are both connected to the sixth pin of the gateway chip U1, and the second terminal of the enable switch S1 and the second terminal of the capacitor C18 are both grounded.

10. The DTU edge gateway device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a TTL communication interface P10 connected to the gateway chip U1.

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