A gangue blocking device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of mine machinery, especially relates to a gangue blocking device, including the support part and the top beam main body connected above the support part, the top beam main body includes the movable connection of front roof beam part and rear roof beam part, the front roof beam part is used to provide support to the work area located below it, the rear roof beam part is used to provide support to the work area below it, the top beam main body still is equipped with the side gangue blocking board, the side gangue blocking board is vertically arranged in the side of front roof beam part and / or rear roof beam part, and the side gangue blocking board is used to provide protection to the work area located in its side, the top beam is designed as the sectional structure of front roof beam part and rear roof beam part, realizes the effective mechanical support when the gangue blocking device end support front and rear maintenance, through the front roof beam side guard board fixed gangue blocking board and rear roof beam side fixed gangue blocking board, the telescopic gangue blocking board cooperation, forms the closed protective space in the top beam lower part and rear part, effectively blocks the gangue and invades, guarantees the safety of the maintenance personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mining machinery technology, and specifically relates to a rock-blocking device. Background Technology

[0002] In fully mechanized mining faces, end hydraulic supports are typically installed at the head of the scraper conveyor. These supports are located at the intersection of the working face and the return roadway, and are a key area for roof maintenance. The end area is significantly affected by mining activities, and the surrounding rock exhibits complex mining pressure under various support pressures. As the junction point for mining and transportation equipment, the equipment is densely arranged, and the quality of its support directly determines the safe operation efficiency of the working face.

[0003] Currently, the rear section of the end support located in the goaf is difficult to maintain due to space constraints, posing a significant safety hazard. To address this issue, most mines use traditional single-unit support methods to temporarily support the roof of the goaf. However, due to underground working conditions (such as narrow spaces and complex environments), the deployment of single-unit supports requires a large amount of manpower and resources, resulting in low efficiency and unstable support effects. This fails to meet the safety protection requirements for maintenance of the rear section of the end support, severely restricting the continuous operation efficiency and safety of the fully mechanized mining face.

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the above technologies, there is an urgent need for a highly efficient rock-blocking device. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies. To this end, this invention provides an effective rock-blocking device to solve safety issues such as lateral rock-blocking and continuous operation efficiency problems.

[0006] A waste rock blocking device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a support portion and a top beam body connected above the support portion, comprising a front top beam portion and a rear top beam portion movably connected to each other; the front top beam portion is used to provide support to the working area located below it; the rear top beam portion is used to provide support to the working area located below it; the top beam body is also provided with a side waste rock blocking plate, the side waste rock blocking plate is vertically disposed on the side of the front top beam portion and / or the rear top beam portion, and the side waste rock blocking plate is used to provide protection to the working area located to its side.

[0007] Optionally, the front top beam includes a first beam plate and a front top beam body arranged from top to bottom, and one end of the front top beam body is connected to one end of the front telescopic jack.

[0008] The front top beam also includes:

[0009] The left side guard plate of the front top beam includes an upper guard plate and a side guard plate, wherein the upper guard plate is perpendicular to the side guard plate.

[0010] The right side guard plate of the front top beam includes an upper guard plate 2 and a side guard plate 2. The upper guard plate 2 is perpendicular to the side guard plate 2. The right side guard plate of the front top beam is arranged opposite to the left side guard plate of the front top beam.

[0011] The side baffle plate includes:

[0012] At least one front top beam side guard plate is fixed with a rock baffle plate, which is connected to the left side guard plate and / or the right side guard plate of the front top beam, for lateral protection and to form a lateral protection space.

[0013] Optionally, the front top beam portion further includes:

[0014] A front telescopic beam is located below the first beam plate, one end of the front telescopic beam is connected to the other end of the front telescopic jack, and the number of the front telescopic jacks is at least one;

[0015] A side guard plate is located on the front side of the front top beam. One end of the side guard plate is hinged to one end of the front telescopic beam, and the other end of the side guard plate is hinged to one end of the side guard jack. One end of the side guard jack is hinged to one end of the front side of the main body of the front top beam, so that the side guard plate can be flipped up / down along the hinge point to extend the support of the front top beam and form a first extended support space.

[0016] Optionally, the side guard jack is used to control the side guard plate to rotate so that the side guard plate is flush with or parallel to the main body of the front top beam.

[0017] Optionally, the front telescopic beam moves under the drive of the front telescopic jack to flip the side guard plate, thereby extending the length of the front top beam for support.

[0018] Optionally, the rear top beam includes a rear top beam body and a rear telescopic beam arranged from top to bottom;

[0019] The rear top beam body includes an upper guard plate three and at least one side guard plate three. The upper guard plate three is located above the at least one side guard plate three and is perpendicular to the at least one side guard plate three. One end of the rear top beam body is connected to one end of the rear telescopic jack.

[0020] The rear telescopic beam is located below the main body of the rear top beam and is used to extend the support of the rear top beam to form a second extended support space; one end of the front side of the rear telescopic beam is connected to the other end of the rear telescopic jack, and the number of the rear telescopic jack is at least one.

[0021] The side baffle plate also includes:

[0022] At least one rear top beam side fixed baffle plate is provided below the side guard plate three for lateral protection to form a lateral protection space; the rear top beam side fixed baffle plate is provided with a pair of vertically parallel slides along the horizontal direction;

[0023] At least one rear top beam telescopic baffle plate is slidably disposed in the slide rail, and the rear top beam telescopic baffle plate is provided with at least one handle.

[0024] Optionally, one end of the rear top beam body is hinged to one end of the rear top beam swing jack, and the other end of the rear top beam swing jack is connected to one end of the front top beam body. The rear top beam swing jack is used to adjust the rear top beam relative to the front top beam.

[0025] Optionally, the rear telescopic beam moves under the drive of the rear telescopic jack, extending the length of the rear top beam to expand the support space.

[0026] Optionally, the at least one rear top beam telescopic baffle plate moves and is fixed in the slide of the at least one rear top beam side fixed baffle plate to extend the lateral protection and extend the lateral protection space range, and cooperates with the rear telescopic beam to form a lateral protection space.

[0027] Optionally, the support includes at least two support columns and a base below them, with the upper ends of the at least two support columns connected to the top beam body and the bottom ends of the at least two support columns connected to the base.

[0028] One of the above technical solutions has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects. Regarding the solution to the maintenance and support problem of the rock-blocking device according to this utility model embodiment, by designing the top beam as a segmented structure with front and rear top beams, effective mechanical support is achieved for the rear part of the rock-blocking device end support during maintenance, replacing traditional single-unit support and eliminating the safety hazards of manual support. It improves support efficiency and adaptability. The front and rear top beams are flexibly adjusted through telescopic beams (the front telescopic beam can move forward 800mm, and the rear telescopic beam can move forward 800mm) and swing jacks (the swing jacks on the rear top beam control the angle), forming a suitable protective space according to the working conditions of the goaf, adapting to different underground environments. The rock-blocking plate fixed by the front top beam side guard plate, in conjunction with the rock-blocking plate fixed on the rear top beam side and the telescopic rock-blocking plate (which can be manually extended 1000mm), forms a closed protective space at the lower and rear parts of the top beam, effectively preventing rock intrusion and ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel. The overall structure is based on an optimized four-column support shield hydraulic support, which requires no additional complex equipment and is inexpensive; the rear top beam telescopic retaining plate adopts mechanical guidance and manual operation, which is easy to maintain, reduces manpower input and working time, and indirectly improves coal mining efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the front top beam portion of one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the retracted state of the rear top beam section according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the rear top beam in an unfolded state according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rear of the bracket of one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0035] 1. Front top beam section,

[0036] 11. Side guard plate; 12. Front telescopic beam; 13. Front telescopic jack; 14. Front top beam main body.

[0037] 15. Left side guard plate of the front top beam; 151. Top guard plate one; 152. Side guard plate one.

[0038] 16. Front top beam side guard plate fixed with rock baffle plate; 17. Rear top beam swing jack.

[0039] 18. Right side guard plate of front top beam; 181. Upper guard plate two; 182. Side guard plate two.

[0040] 19. Support jacks, 101. First beam slab,

[0041] 2. Rear top beam section,

[0042] 21. Rear top beam main body; 211. Upper guard plate three; 212. Side guard plate three.

[0043] 22. Rear telescopic beam; 23. Rear telescopic jack.

[0044] 24. Rear top beam side fixed baffle plate, 241. Slide rail,

[0045] 25. Rear top beam telescopic baffle plate; 251. Handle;

[0046] 3. Supporting columns,

[0047] 4. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To better explain and facilitate understanding of this utility model, the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0049] In existing technologies, the rear section of the end support located in the goaf is difficult to maintain due to space constraints, posing a significant safety hazard. To address this issue, most mines employ traditional single-unit support methods for temporary support of the goaf roof. However, due to underground working conditions (such as confined space and complex environment), the deployment of single-unit supports requires substantial manpower and resources, resulting in low efficiency and unstable support effects. This fails to meet the safety requirements for maintenance of the rear section of the end support, severely restricting the continuous operation efficiency and safety of fully mechanized mining faces. To overcome the shortcomings of these technologies, a highly efficient hydraulic support rock-blocking device is urgently needed.

[0050] In order to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies, this utility model provides an effective rock-blocking device to solve safety problems such as lateral rock blocking and continuous operation efficiency problems;

[0051] The following describes some embodiments of the waste rock blocking device provided according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] See Figures 1 to 5 An embodiment of the present invention provides a rock-blocking device, comprising a support portion and a top beam body connected above the support portion; the top beam body includes a front top beam portion 1 and a rear top beam portion 2 movably connected to each other; the front top beam portion 1 is used to provide extended support to the working area located below it; the rear top beam portion 2 is used to provide support to the working area located below it; the top beam body is also provided with side rock-blocking plates, which are vertically arranged on the sides of the front top beam portion 1 and / or the rear top beam portion 2, and the side rock-blocking plates are used to provide protection to the working area located to its side.

[0053] It should be noted that the front side is the front side in the direction of the working face advance, that is, the side closer to the coal wall; the rear side is the rear side in the direction of the working face advance, that is, the side closer to the goaf; the left side is the left side in the width direction of the working face; the right side is the right side in the width direction of the working face; lateral protection refers to preventing gangue from leaking into the working space from the left and right sides of the support.

[0054] The front top beam 1 is used to support the roof on the front side of the working face, i.e., the coal wall side roof, to prevent roof subsidence. Simultaneously, the front operating space it creates facilitates operations for personnel and pedestrian access. The relative position of the rear top beam 2 to the front top beam 1 is adjustable. This design replaces traditional single-unit supports, facilitating the creation of a rear maintenance space for the maintenance of equipment behind the end support. Compared to existing technologies where the top beams of end hydraulic supports are mostly integrated structures, unable to adjust the relative positions of the front and rear sides: traditional structures lack independent support components on the rear goaf side, requiring reliance on single-unit supports such as single hydraulic props for maintenance, necessitating extensive and time-consuming deployment by multiple personnel, resulting in high labor costs and low efficiency; furthermore, integrated top beams cannot adapt to changes in the inclination of the goaf roof, such as a higher front side and a lower rear side, easily leading to support gaps and the risk of roof collapse; simultaneously, the front operating space and rear maintenance space cannot be simultaneously adequately addressed, either with insufficient front space or no rear protection. In this embodiment, the top beam is segmented and movably connected front and rear, achieving the dual function of front support and rear maintenance space reservation. This completely avoids cumbersome single-unit support and greatly improves maintenance efficiency. In particular, the adjustable position of the rear top beam 2 adapts to the complex shape of the goaf roof, such as inclination and undulation, greatly increasing the support coverage. Furthermore, the independent yet continuous front operating space and rear maintenance space avoid spatial conflicts between equipment and personnel. The side retaining walls can extend laterally to cover the width of the roadway, eliminating blind spots in the protection. The extension length can also be adjusted according to the direction of rockfall, reducing the accident rate.

[0055] In some possible embodiments, including but not limited to: reinforcing ribs on the side baffle plate extension section to improve impact resistance; and a wear-resistant coating on the surface to extend service life. A hydraulic lock, in conjunction with an angle sensor, facilitates real-time monitoring of the tilt angle of the rear top beam 2, automatically adjusting the jack extension / retraction amount to achieve intelligent adaptation to the top plate.

[0056] Preferably, the front top beam 1 includes a first beam plate 101 arranged from top to bottom and a front top beam body 14, one end of the front top beam body 14 being connected to one end of the front telescopic jack 13; the front top beam 1 also includes: a left side guard plate 15 of the front top beam, including an upper guard plate 151 and a side guard plate 152, the upper guard plate 151 being perpendicular to the side guard plate 152; a right side guard plate 18 of the front top beam, including an upper guard plate 181 and a side guard plate 182, the upper guard plate 181 being perpendicular to the side guard plate 182, the right side guard plate 18 of the front top beam being opposite to the left side guard plate 15 of the front top beam; the side baffle plate includes: at least one front top beam side guard plate fixed baffle plate 16, connected to the left side guard plate 15 of the front top beam and / or the right side guard plate 18 of the front top beam, for lateral protection and forming a lateral protection space.

[0057] It should be noted that the right side guard plate 18 of the front top beam is symmetrically arranged with the left side guard plate 15 of the front top beam, and the left side guard plate 15 and the right side guard plate 18 of the front top beam are of the same length as the first beam plate 101, with no blind spots in protection; the traditional front top beam is a single-layer structure, which bears the top pressure and also houses the drive components, making it prone to deformation due to stress concentration, and the external jack is easily damaged by impact from gangue; in the layered structure of the front top beam 1, the first beam plate 101 is the force-bearing surface that directly contacts the top plate, increasing the contact area with the top plate and avoiding local crushing of the top plate, and the main body 14 of the front top beam is the load-bearing frame to connect the various components and transmit the force to the support part.

[0058] Existing rock-blocking devices typically use fixed baffles for lateral protection, which presents several problems: the baffles are short, only covering the front side of the front top beam, resulting in discontinuous lateral protection between the front and rear sides. Rock from the goaf can easily leak into the working space through the gap between the rear and front sides of the front top beam, causing contamination. Furthermore, existing rock-blocking devices lack independent auxiliary support structures, making the sides susceptible to collapse due to mining activity, requiring additional individual support pillars and further increasing labor costs. In this embodiment, the side protection plate connects to the first beam 101, forming a full-length lateral protection barrier. The amount of rock leakage is reduced from a large amount in existing technologies to very little. The lateral support strength is significantly improved, eliminating the need for additional individual lateral supports and saving on support costs. Moreover, the design can be adjusted according to the actual width of the working face, such as only one side for narrow working faces, avoiding material waste.

[0059] In some possible implementations, the protection height may include, but is not limited to, making the protection height adjustable, such as adding a hydraulic telescopic side plate to the auxiliary beam to adjust the protection height according to the roof height, for example from 1.2m to 2.0m, to adapt to different coal seam thicknesses; and / or adding a gangue guiding structure, with an inclined guide plate added to the inner side of the auxiliary beam to guide a small amount of leaked gangue to the goaf behind the support, so as to avoid accumulation and affect operations.

[0060] See Figures 1 to 2 Furthermore, the front top beam 1 also includes: a front telescopic beam 12, located below the first beam plate 101, one end of the front telescopic beam 12 being connected to the other end of the front telescopic jack 13, and the number of front telescopic jacks 13 being at least one; a side guard plate 11, located on the front side of the front top beam 1, one end of the side guard plate 11 being hinged to one end of the front telescopic beam 12, and the other end of the side guard plate 11 being hinged to one end of the side guard jack 19, which is hinged to one end of the front side of the front top beam body 14, so that the side guard plate 11 can be flipped up / down along the hinge point to extend the support of the front top beam 1 and form a first extended support space.

[0061] It should be noted that one end of the front telescopic jack 13 is connected to the front side of the front top beam body 14, providing a power foundation for the subsequent driving of the front telescopic beam 12. The front telescopic beam 12 is located below the first beam plate 101 and is driven by the front telescopic jack 13 to achieve telescopic movement; to ensure sufficient power, two jacks are used in this embodiment, arranged symmetrically. The side protection jack 19 can be set between a pair of front telescopic jacks 13 to balance the force and prevent the front telescopic beam 12 from shifting during telescopic movement. The double hinge structure of the side protection plate 11 has one end hinged to the front side of the front telescopic beam 12 and the other end hinged to the front side of the side protection jack 19. The rear end of the side protection jack 19 is hinged to the front side of the front top beam body 14, forming a triangular force-bearing structure to ensure the stability of the side protection plate 11 when flipped; wherein, when flipped downward, it can fit against the coal wall to prevent side spalling, and when retracted upward, it can avoid the coal wall and not affect the advancement of the working face. The left side guard plate 15 of the front top beam runs vertically downwards along the front side, forming a lateral barrier. The right side guard plate 18 of the front top beam is symmetrical to the left side guard plate 15, forming symmetrical lateral protection. At the same time, the length of the right side guard plate 18 and the first beam plate 101 ensure no gaps between the front and rear. The fixed rock baffle 16 of the front top beam side guard plate faces downwards and is installed below the left and right side guard plates, forming an L-shaped lateral protection with the side guard plates. The side guard plates block the upward direction, and the rock baffle blocks the downward direction. The pair of fixed rock baffles 16 of the front top beam side guard plate can be installed interchangeably on the left and right sides to adapt to the left / right air intake requirements of different working faces. If higher protection is required on the air intake side, the thickness of the rock baffle can be interchanged.

[0062] In existing systems, the front telescopic beam 12 of the support is mostly driven by a single jack, which is prone to deviation during telescopic movement. This can result in a deviation of more than 100mm between the beam end and the coal wall, requiring manual adjustment. In this embodiment, however, at least one jack, preferably two symmetrically positioned jacks, drives the beam, controlling the telescopic deviation to within 20mm, eliminating the need for manual adjustment. Furthermore, existing side guard plates 11 are mostly single-hinged with spring reset, which cannot withstand large sheet forces, are prone to deformation, and have a fixed rotation angle, making them unable to conform to the inclined coal wall. In this embodiment, however, a double-hinged hydraulic drive can withstand larger sheet forces, representing a significant improvement over the existing spring-driven technology. The rotation angle is adjustable from 0° to 180°, adapting to most inclined coal wall conditions. Another issue is lateral protection: the existing side guards only cover part of the front top beam, and there are no backstops, so the gangue can easily leak in from below; moreover, the backstops are not interchangeable and need to be produced separately for the left and right sides, which is costly; while in this embodiment, the side guards are combined with the L-shaped structure of the fixed backstops, which greatly improves the lateral protection coverage and reduces the leakage of gangue.

[0063] In some possible embodiments, including but not limited to adding a rubber buffer pad to the front end of the front telescopic beam 12, to avoid hard contact with the coal wall during telescopic movement and extend the beam's lifespan. Anti-slip teeth can also be added to the side of the side guard plate 11 that contacts the coal wall to increase friction and prevent slippage during rockfall. Alternatively, the retaining plate 16 can be fixed with bolts, allowing for individual replacement after wear, eliminating the need to replace the entire side guard plate and reducing maintenance costs.

[0064] See Figures 1 to 2 Furthermore, the side jack 19 is used to control the rotation of the side plate 11 so that the side plate 11 is flush or parallel to the front top beam body 14.

[0065] It should be noted that the side protection plate 11 has two working states: one is retracted, the side protection jack 19 retracts, and the side protection plate 11 flips downward until it is flush with the front top beam body 14, that is, it fits the front top beam without occupying the front space; the other is flipped 180°, the side protection jack 19 extends, and the side protection plate 11 flips upward 180°, completely fitting the coal wall, that is, the maximum side protection area; being flush with or parallel to the front top beam body 14 covers two suitable scenarios, that is, flush is used for complete retraction, and parallel is used for slight side protection.

[0066] In existing technologies, the side guard plate 11 typically has a maximum flipping angle of 90°, which presents several drawbacks: 1. When retracted, it still protrudes from the front top beam, occupying front operating space and affecting the operation of the coal mining machine drum; 2. The flipping angle is insufficient, failing to fully fit, always leaving an inclination angle, resulting in poor side protection and a high rate of side spalling accidents. In this embodiment, however, after a 180° flip, it is flush with the main body 14 of the front top beam, improving the utilization of front space and avoiding interference with the coal mining machine; the side guard plate has an adjustable angle of 0°-180°, adapting to coal wall inclination angles of 0°-60°, thus increasing the success rate of side protection; and the hydraulic drive allows for one-button switching of states, enabling a single person to complete the operation within seconds, significantly improving efficiency compared to existing methods that require several minutes of manual adjustment.

[0067] In some possible embodiments, including but not limited to adding an electromagnetic lock to the side jack 19, which automatically locks after being flipped to the target angle to prevent hydraulic leakage from causing angle deviation; the side plate 11 has a built-in pressure sensor to monitor the side force in real time, and automatically alarms and increases the pressure of the side jack 19 when the force exceeds the threshold.

[0068] See Figures 1 to 2 Furthermore, the front telescopic beam 12 moves under the drive of the front telescopic jack 13, so as to flip the side guard plate 11, thereby extending the length of the front top beam 1 for support.

[0069] It should be noted that the front telescopic beam 12 can move forward 800mm-900mm under the drive of the front telescopic jack 13. The range of 800-900mm for moving forward to the coal wall is used to adapt to different working faces; the hydraulic thrust of the front telescopic jack 13 is preferably 100kN / jack to ensure smooth telescopic movement even under complex underground resistance.

[0070] The existing support's telescopic beam 12 has a telescopic range of 500-600mm, which cannot meet the beam end distance requirements of high-extraction working faces, resulting in a large exposed roof area that is prone to collapse. As the working face advances, the overall position of the support needs to be frequently adjusted, and the insufficient telescopic range affects coal mining efficiency. In this embodiment, the telescopic range of 800-900mm can meet the beam end distance requirements of high-extraction working faces, reducing the exposed roof area and lowering the risk of collapse. Moreover, a single telescopic movement can cover a distance of 800-900mm during the working face advance, reducing the frequency of overall support adjustments and improving coal mining efficiency. At the same time, the jack thrust is sufficient, allowing for telescopic movement even when blocked by gangue.

[0071] In some possible implementations, the extension and retraction speed of the jack is controlled by a flow valve to achieve rapid extension and retraction and switching; and a limit switch is added at the end of the extension beam's stroke to automatically stop the jack when it reaches the limit position to avoid mechanical collision damage.

[0072] See Figures 3 to 5 Furthermore, the rear top beam 2 includes a rear top beam body 21 and a rear telescopic beam 22 arranged from top to bottom; the rear top beam body 21 includes an upper guard plate 3 211 and at least one side guard plate 3 212, the upper guard plate 3 211 is located above and perpendicular to the at least one side guard plate 3 212, and one end of the rear top beam body 21 is connected to one end of the rear telescopic jack 23; the rear telescopic beam 22 is located below the rear top beam body 21 and is used to extend the support of the rear top beam 2 to form a second extended support space; One end of the rear telescopic beam 22 is connected to the other end of the rear telescopic jack 23, and the number of rear telescopic jacks 23 is at least one; the side baffle plate also includes: at least one rear top beam side fixed baffle plate 24, which is located below the side guard plate 3 212 for lateral protection to form a lateral protection space; the rear top beam side fixed baffle plate 24 is provided with a pair of vertically parallel slides 241 along the horizontal direction; at least one rear top beam telescopic baffle plate 25 is slidably disposed in the slides 241, and the rear top beam telescopic baffle plate 25 is provided with at least one handle 251.

[0073] It should be noted that the rear top beam body 21 of the rear top beam section 2 is the force-bearing surface that contacts the roof of the goaf to increase the contact area. The rear top beam body 21 is the load-bearing frame. One end of the rear telescopic jack 23 is connected to one side of the rear top beam body 21, providing power to the rear telescopic beam 22. The rear telescopic beam 22 is located below the rear top beam body 21 and does not affect the roof contact. It is driven by the rear telescopic jack 23, preferably two symmetrically arranged. The rear top beam swing jack 17 is located between the pair of rear telescopic jacks 23 to balance the force on the rear top beam section 2 and prevent displacement when adjusting the angle. The rear top beam side fixed rock baffle 24 is located in the downward direction and is installed on the left and right sides of the rear top beam body 21. Parallel upper and lower slides are provided along the opposite inner surfaces to provide a moving track for the rear top beam telescopic rock baffle 25. The design of the pair of rear top beam side fixed rock baffles 24 being interchangeable on the left and right sides can adapt to the left and right side requirements of different working faces, reduce production inventory, reduce the investment in a large number of molds, and eliminate the need for separate production of left and right parts. The telescopic retaining plate 25 of the rear top beam is embedded in the slide rail and can move horizontally along the rear side to achieve rear protection and prevent gangue from falling into the goaf.

[0074] Existing technologies suffer from several drawbacks. Firstly, the support structure lacks an independent rear telescopic beam 22, leaving the rear space reliant solely on the shield beam for protection. This limited space is insufficient to accommodate maintenance personnel. Secondly, existing retaining walls are mostly fixed, non-retractable panels. When the goaf roof subsides, the gap between the panel and the roof increases, allowing rock to easily leak in. In contrast, this embodiment features a rear telescopic beam 22 that coordinates with the movement of the rear top beam telescopic retaining wall 25, extending the rear maintenance space and accommodating simultaneous work by multiple personnel. Thirdly, existing retaining walls lack a sliding rail design, leading to jamming during manual movement and requiring multiple operators, resulting in low efficiency. This embodiment incorporates a sliding rail design, adding downward extension to the existing lateral protection, creating comprehensive rear and lateral protection. The sliding rail reduces the resistance to movement of the pair of rear top beam telescopic retaining walls 25, allowing a single person to complete the extension and retraction quickly, significantly improving efficiency compared to existing technologies. Furthermore, the pair of rear top beam telescopic retaining walls 25 can adjust their position as the goaf roof subsides, controlling the gap and reducing rock leakage.

[0075] In some possible embodiments, including but not limited to adding a grease lubrication channel in the slide to automatically replenish grease periodically and prevent dust from causing jamming; a mechanical locking pin can also be provided at the end of the slide, and the locking pin can be inserted after the rear top beam telescopic baffle plate 25 extends to prevent retraction in case of hydraulic failure.

[0076] See Figures 3 to 5Furthermore, one end of the rear top beam body 21 is hinged to one end of the rear top beam swing jack 17, and the other end of the rear top beam swing jack 17 is connected to one end of the front top beam body 14. The rear top beam swing jack 17 is used to adjust the rear top beam 2 relative to the front top beam 1, allowing it to tilt upwards or downwards. The rear telescopic beam 22 moves under the drive of the rear telescopic jack 23, extending the length of the rear top beam 2 to expand the support space. At least one rear top beam telescopic baffle plate 25 moves and is fixed in the slide 241 of at least one rear top beam side-fixed baffle plate 24 to extend the lateral protection and the lateral protection space, forming a lateral protection space in conjunction with the rear telescopic beam 22.

[0077] It should be noted that the rear telescopic beam 22 can move 800mm-900mm to the rear under the drive of the rear telescopic jack 23. A pair of rear top beam telescopic baffle plates 25 can move 1000mm-1200mm to the rear relative to each other and be fixed in the slide of the pair of rear top beam side fixed baffle plates 24, forming a second extended lateral protection space in cooperation with the rear telescopic beam 22. The two ends of the rear top beam swing jack 17 are respectively hinged to the front part of the rear top beam body 21 and the rear part of the front top beam body 14, forming a rotatable hinge structure; by extending and retracting the rear top beam swing jack 17, the rear top beam part 2 is driven to tilt up or down around the hinge point (jack extension / retraction) to adjust the contact angle between the rear top beam part 2 and the top plate. The protective space extends rearward, i.e., to the goaf side, with a range of 800-900mm corresponding to the front telescopic beam 12, ensuring the safety of the front and rear support ranges. The rear telescopic jack 23 is of the same specification as the front telescopic jack 13, or can be adjusted or replaced according to actual needs to ensure sufficient telescopic force. After the rear top beam telescopic baffle plate 25 extends, it forms a closed rearward protective space with the front end of the rear telescopic beam 22 and the fixed baffle plate 24 on the side of the rear top beam, forming full protection on the front and left and right sides.

[0078] In existing technologies, the rear and front top beams of the support are rigidly connected at a fixed angle. When the goaf roof tilts at an angle of 5°-10°, a rear-high, front-low structure is formed, which facilitates the advancement of the equipment and ensures the safety of personnel working behind. Here, an adjustable angle range of ±15° is preferred to adapt to most goaf roof tilting conditions, keeping the support gap within 20mm and significantly reducing the risk of roof collapse. Furthermore, the hinged structure absorbs roof impact loads, extending the fatigue life of the support structure. An angle sensor can also be used to automatically adjust the angle, saving operation time and improving work efficiency. However, existing supports lack a rear telescopic beam 22, and the rear space is only supported by the rear column of the support. This fixed rear space cannot accommodate maintenance tools such as wrenches and hydraulic guns, requiring tools to be placed at the front, resulting in time-consuming retrieving and repositioning. When the goaf roof advances, frequent support movement is necessary, affecting the continuity of maintenance. In this embodiment, the 800-900mm telescopic extension allows the rear space length to be expanded from 0.6m to 1.5m, accommodating maintenance tools and personnel without requiring them to travel back and forth to retrieve tools, thus improving maintenance efficiency. A single telescopic extension can cover a distance of 800-900mm in the goaf, reducing the frequency of support movement and improving maintenance continuity. With the same telescopic extension as the front telescopic beam 12, the support experiences uniform stress at both ends, improving overall stability. Existing rear retaining walls are mostly fixed-length structures, which cannot completely cover the rear telescopic beam 22, allowing goaf rock to easily leak in from the rear, causing contamination of the maintenance space. Furthermore, they are not fixed in place, and the retaining walls are easily displaced by the impact of goaf rock, requiring frequent manual repositioning. In this embodiment, the 1000-1200mm telescopic range completely covers the front end of the rear telescopic beam 22. Combined with the fixed rock-blocking plate 24 on the rear top beam side, the sealing rate of the rear protective space is improved, and the amount of rock leakage is reduced to almost zero. At the same time, after the pair of fixed rock-blocking plates 24 on the rear top beam side are extended, they can be fixed by mechanical locks, which enhances the impact resistance and eliminates the need for frequent reset, saving maintenance time. The telescopic range can be adjusted according to the depth of the goaf, which will not be elaborated on here.

[0079] In some possible embodiments, this includes, but is not limited to, installing angle limiting blocks at the hinge points to prevent structural damage caused by angles exceeding ±15°. A manual hydraulic pump can also be installed next to the jacks; in case of hydraulic system failure, the jacks can be manually driven to adjust the angle, ensuring the support does not fail. A pair of rear telescopic jacks 23 can also be synchronously extended and retracted via a synchronization valve to prevent the rear telescopic beam 22 from shifting; pressure sensors are installed on the rear telescopic jacks 23, automatically triggering an alarm when the extension resistance exceeds a threshold (such as due to rock jamming), preventing jack damage. A double-layer steel plate structure with reinforcing ribs can also be used to improve impact resistance and prevent deformation from rock impacts; a tempered glass observation window can also be installed in the middle of the rock retaining plate, allowing maintenance personnel to observe the condition of the goaf roof without opening the retaining plate.

[0080] See Figures 1 to 5Furthermore, the support includes at least two support columns and a base below them, with the upper ends of the at least two support columns connected to the main body of the top beam and the bottom ends of the at least two support columns connected to the base.

[0081] It should be noted that in this embodiment, all four support columns are hydraulic columns. Their tops are connected to the bottom surface of the main beam to transmit the pressure from the main beam to the column, and their bottoms are connected to the base to transmit the pressure to the base. The four support columns can be arranged in a rectangular symmetrical pattern, with the first two close to the front and the last two close to the rear to ensure uniform force distribution.

[0082] Existing technologies mostly employ three-column or two-column shield supports, which suffer from several drawbacks: three-column supports result in uneven stress distribution, concentrated pressure at the front, and easy deformation of the front top beam; two-column shield supports have low load-bearing capacity and cannot adapt to high-pressure mining faces. In this embodiment, the four-column rectangular layout reduces the stress deviation of the top beam and decreases the deformation of the front top beam; each column has a load-bearing capacity of 1000kN, and the total load-bearing capacity of the four columns reaches 4000kN, making it suitable for mining faces with pressures below 3000kN and covering most fully mechanized mining conditions; simultaneously, the base connects to the four columns to form a rigid frame, improving the support's anti-tipping ability and preventing the support from tilting during face advancement.

[0083] In some possible implementations, including but not limited to using double telescopic columns with a travel range of 1.5m to 2.5m to accommodate coal seam thicknesses of 1.8m-3.5m; an anti-slip base plate, such as rubber, can also be added under the base to increase friction with the base and prevent the support from sinking on the base.

[0084] The working principle of a rockfall blocking device: The overall structure is a four-column supported shield structure, using an inclined design with front and rear connecting beams to achieve dual support: High-pressure oil is injected into the columns through a hydraulic system, causing the top beam to fit against the working face and the roof of the goaf, bearing the supporting pressure of the surrounding rock and preventing the roof from sinking or collapsing; The inclined design, together with the front and rear connecting beams and the base, forms a shield space, preventing rock fragments from the goaf from sliding into the working area, while providing stable support for the movement of the front and rear top beams, avoiding structural displacement during top beam adjustment. The front top beam 1 ensures safe operation in front of the working face, while the rear top beam 2 solves the problem of rear maintenance support; The main body 14 of the front top beam serves as the load-bearing skeleton of the front top beam, bearing the supporting force transmitted by the four support columns, and connecting components such as the side guard plate 11, front and rear telescopic beams, and the rear top beam swing jack 17, concentrating the force of each component to the support columns, ensuring the stability of the overall support. The side support plate 11, via the side support jack 19, prevents coal wall spalling and ensures the safety of front-end operations. When there is a risk of coal wall spalling (the coal wall is prone to falling off), the side support jack 19 extends, pushing the side support plate 11 to rotate and fit against the coal wall, preventing coal chunks from falling. When side support is not needed, the side support jack 19 retracts, causing the side support plate 11 to rotate 180° and become flush with the front top beam body 14, without occupying the front operating space. The front telescopic beam 12, via the front telescopic jack 13, flexibly adjusts the length of the front support to adapt to different stages of face advancement. Based on the beam end distance requirement at the front of the working face, i.e., the distance between the front of the top beam and the coal wall, the front telescopic jack 13 extends, pushing the front telescopic beam 12 forward by 800mm, extending the front support range. When advancing the working face or adjusting the equipment, the jack retracts, causing the front telescopic beam 12 to retract, adapting to the equipment movement requirements. The front top beam side guard plate fixed retaining plate 16 is fixed to the lower part of the left side guard plate 15 and the right side guard plate 18 of the front top beam, forming a lateral protective barrier to prevent gangue from both sides of the working face from leaking into the front operating space from below the top beam. It can block gangue from the side and ensure the safety of pedestrians and operators in front. The rear top beam body 21, in conjunction with the column, supports part of the supporting force transmitted by the front top beam through the rear top beam swing jack 17. At the same time, the rear top beam swing jack 17 adjusts the angle to tilt up / down to ensure close contact with the roof of the goaf and prevent the roof from being suspended. It also serves as the installation base for the rear top beam telescopic retaining plate 25, integrating the protective functions of each component into a closed space. The rear telescopic beam 22 extends the length of the rear support and operating space through the rear telescopic jack 23. When it is necessary to build a rear maintenance space, the rear telescopic jack 23 extends and pushes the rear telescopic beam 22 forward by 800mm, extending the support range of the rear top beam and reserving operating space for maintenance personnel. After maintenance is completed, the jack is retracted and the rear telescopic beam 22 retracts, reducing the space occupied by the support in the goaf and adapting to the advancement of the working face.The rear top beam side-fixed retaining plate 24 is fixed on the left and right sides of the rear top beam body 21, forming a continuous lateral protection with the front top beam side guard plate fixed retaining plate 16, sealing the gaps on both sides of the rear space and preventing gangue from the sides of the goaf from entering the rear space. The rear top beam telescopic retaining plate 25 seals the rear protection space and prevents gangue from falling in. After the rear telescopic beam 22 is deployed, the rear top beam telescopic retaining plate 25 is manually pulled out about 1000mm along the slide 241 and locked with fasteners. The rear top beam telescopic retaining plate 25, the rear telescopic beam 22, and the rear top beam side-fixed retaining plate 24 form a closed rear protection space, preventing gangue from falling into the goaf in front of the goaf. This solution protects against leakage of coal from the front, rear, and sides by using protective side plates 11, rear telescopic beams 22, and side retaining plates, forming all-round protection. Ultimately, it achieves the dual goals of safe support and efficient maintenance, replacing the traditional inefficient single-unit support.

[0085] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0086] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0087] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0088] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0089] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for blocking gangue, comprising a support part and a top beam body connected above the support part, characterized in that: The main body of the top beam includes a front top beam (1) and a rear top beam (2) that are movably connected to each other; the front top beam (1) is used to provide support to the working area below it; the rear top beam (2) is used to provide support to the working area below it; the main body of the top beam is also provided with a side baffle plate, which is vertically provided on the side of the front top beam (1) and / or the rear top beam (2), and the side baffle plate is used to provide protection to the working area on its side.

2. The waste rock blocking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front top beam (1) includes a first beam plate (101) arranged from top to bottom and a front top beam body (14), one end of the front top beam body (14) is connected to one end of the front telescopic jack (13); The front top beam (1) also includes: The left side guard plate (15) of the front top beam includes an upper guard plate (151) and a side guard plate (152), wherein the upper guard plate (151) is perpendicular to the side guard plate (152). The right side guard plate (18) of the front top beam includes an upper guard plate (181) and a side guard plate (182). The upper guard plate (181) is perpendicular to the side guard plate (182). The right side guard plate (18) of the front top beam is arranged opposite to the left side guard plate (15) of the front top beam. The side baffle plate includes: At least one front top beam side guard plate fixed baffle plate (16) is connected to the front top beam left side guard plate (15) and / or the front top beam right side guard plate (18) for lateral protection and to form a lateral protection space.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein: The front top beam (1) also includes: A front telescopic beam (12) is located below the first beam plate (101), one end of the front telescopic beam (12) is connected to the other end of the front telescopic jack (13), and the number of the front telescopic jack (13) is at least one; Side guard plate (11) is located on the front side of the front top beam (1). One end of the side guard plate (11) is hinged to one end of the front telescopic beam (12), and the other end of the side guard plate (11) is hinged to one end of the side guard jack (19). The side guard jack (19) is hinged to one end of the front side of the front top beam body (14), so that the side guard plate (11) can be flipped up / down along the hinge to extend the support of the front top beam (1) and form a first extended support space.

4. The waste rock blocking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side jack (19) is used to control the side plate (11) to flip so that the side plate (11) is flush or parallel to the front top beam body (14).

5. The waste rock blocking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front telescopic beam (12) moves under the drive of the front telescopic jack (13) to flip the side guard plate (11), thereby extending the length of the front top beam (1) for support.

6. The waste rock blocking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear top beam (2) includes a rear top beam body (21) and a rear telescopic beam (22) arranged from top to bottom. The rear top beam body (21) includes an upper guard plate three (211) and at least one side guard plate three (212). The upper guard plate three (211) is located above the at least one side guard plate three (212) and is perpendicular to the at least one side guard plate three (212). One end of the rear top beam body (21) is connected to one end of the rear telescopic jack (23). The rear telescopic beam (22) is located below the rear top beam body (21) and is used to extend the support of the rear top beam (2) to form a second extended support space; one end of the front side of the rear telescopic beam (22) is connected to the other end of the rear telescopic jack (23), and the number of the rear telescopic jack (23) is at least one; The side baffle plate also includes: At least one rear top beam side fixed baffle plate (24) is provided below the side guard plate three (212) for lateral protection to form a lateral protection space; the rear top beam side fixed baffle plate (24) is provided with a pair of vertically parallel slides (241) in the horizontal direction. At least one rear top beam telescopic baffle plate (25) is slidably disposed in the slide rail (241), and the rear top beam telescopic baffle plate (25) is provided with at least one handle (251).

7. The waste rock blocking device according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the rear top beam body (21) is hinged to one end of the rear top beam swing jack (17), and the other end of the rear top beam swing jack (17) is connected to one end of the front top beam body (14). The rear top beam swing jack (17) is used to adjust the rear top beam part (2) to tilt up or down relative to the front top beam part (1).

8. The waste rock blocking device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear telescopic beam (22) moves under the drive of the rear telescopic jack (23), so that the rear top beam (2) extends its length direction support to expand the support space range.

9. The waste rock blocking device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The at least one rear top beam telescopic baffle plate (25) moves and is fixed in the slide (241) of the at least one rear top beam side fixed baffle plate (24) to extend the lateral protection and extend the lateral protection space range, and cooperates with the rear telescopic beam (22) to form a lateral protection space.

10. The waste rock blocking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support includes at least two support columns and a base below them. The upper ends of the at least two support columns are connected to the main body of the top beam, and the bottoms of the at least two support columns are connected to the base.

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