Fuel cell waste heat recovery system

Abstract

The application relates to a fuel cell waste heat recycling system. The fuel cell waste heat recycling system comprises a fuel cell device and a cell waste heat recycling device for recycling heat generated by the fuel cell device. The cell waste heat recycling device comprises a water storage device, a heat exchange water pipeline, a temperature maintaining water pipeline, a heat exchange water pump and a waste heat exchanger. The two ends of the heat exchange water pipeline are respectively connected to the water storage device to form a heat exchange water circulation passage. The two ends of the temperature maintaining water pipeline are respectively connected to the water storage device to form a temperature maintaining water circulation passage, and the temperature maintaining water pipeline and the heat exchange water pipeline can be independently adjusted. The heat exchange water pump is used for providing power for water circulation in the heat exchange water circulation passage and the temperature maintaining water circulation passage, and the waste heat exchanger is arranged in the heat exchange water pipeline and used for heat exchange with the fuel cell device. The system can realize real-time and rapid regulation and control of the water temperature in the water storage device, and can maintain the water temperature in the water storage device at a set temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization systems. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial parks related to smart microgrids possess the natural, spatial, grid infrastructure, and user resources necessary for pilot projects in integrated energy system construction, making them a primary battleground for integrated energy services, business innovation, and profit growth. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems related to hydrogen fuel cells are emerging as a major solution for low-carbon industrial parks.

[0003] This plan mainly includes solar power generation devices, hydrogen production devices, hydrogen storage devices, fuel cell devices, energy storage devices, and a central control room for the park. The hydrogen production and fuel cell devices generate waste heat during operation. Traditional combined heat and power (CHP) systems can recover and reuse this waste heat to supply hot water to users within the park. However, current recovery and reuse systems have a slow response time to temperature control of the supplied water, often resulting in excessively high or low temperatures, making it difficult to maintain a suitable temperature in real time. Utility Model Content

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell waste heat recovery system to address the problem that the water temperature is often difficult to control when supplying hot water to users in a fuel cell waste heat recovery system.

[0005] This application provides a fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system, including:

[0006] Fuel cell devices can generate heat during operation;

[0007] A battery waste heat recovery device is used to recover and utilize the heat generated by the fuel cell device; the battery waste heat recovery device includes:

[0008] Water storage tank;

[0009] The hot water exchange pipe has its two ends connected to the water storage tank, forming a hot water exchange circulation path with the water storage tank;

[0010] A warm water pipeline has its two ends connected to the water storage device, forming a warm water circulation path with the water storage device; the warm water pipeline and the hot water exchange pipeline can be independently adjusted for on / off.

[0011] A hot water pump is used to provide power for water circulation in the hot water circulation path and the temperature-holding water circulation path; and

[0012] A waste heat exchanger is installed in the hot water pipeline for heat exchange with the fuel cell device.

[0013] In one embodiment, the hot water exchange pipeline includes:

[0014] The main water outlet pipe has its inlet end connected to the water storage device;

[0015] The return water main pipe, the outlet of which is connected to the water storage device; and

[0016] The heat exchange branch pipe is connected at both ends to the outlet end of the main water outlet pipe and the inlet end of the main water return pipe, respectively.

[0017] The waste heat exchanger is installed on the heat exchange branch pipe, and the hot water pump is installed on the outlet main pipe or the return main pipe.

[0018] In one embodiment, the temperature-holding water pipeline includes:

[0019] The temperature-holding branch pipe is connected at both ends to the outlet end of the main water outlet pipe and the inlet end of the main water return pipe, respectively; the main water outlet pipe, the temperature-holding branch pipe, the main water return pipe and the water storage device form the temperature-holding water circulation path.

[0020] In one embodiment, the battery waste heat recovery device further includes:

[0021] A heat exchange three-way valve, wherein the three valve ports of the heat exchange three-way valve are respectively connected to the water outlet end of the main water outlet pipe, the water inlet end of the heat exchange branch pipe, and the water inlet end of the temperature holding branch pipe.

[0022] In one embodiment, the fuel cell device includes:

[0023] Fuel cells;

[0024] A cooling water circulation pipeline is installed in the fuel cell for cooling the fuel cell; the cooling water circulation pipeline includes two parallel cooling water branch pipes, and the two cooling water branch pipes can be independently adjusted for on / off.

[0025] A heat dissipation device is installed on one of the cooling water branch pipes; the other cooling water branch pipe is capable of exchanging heat with the waste heat exchanger.

[0026] In one embodiment, the cooling water circulation pipeline further includes:

[0027] The cooling water main pipe has its inlet ends connected to the outlet ends of the cooling water main pipe, and the outlet ends of the two cooling water branch pipes are connected to the inlet ends of the cooling water main pipe.

[0028] The cooling water main pipe is equipped with a cooling water pump, which drives the cooling water to circulate in the cooling water main pipe and the cooling water branch pipe.

[0029] In one embodiment, the fuel cell device further includes:

[0030] A cooling three-way valve, wherein the three valve ports of the cooling three-way valve are respectively connected to the outlet of the main cooling water pipe and the inlet of the two branch cooling water pipes.

[0031] In one embodiment, the fuel cell waste heat recovery system further includes:

[0032] Hydrogen production equipment can generate heat during operation;

[0033] A hydrogen production waste heat recovery device is used to recover and utilize the heat generated by the hydrogen production device.

[0034] The hydrogen production waste heat recovery device and the battery waste heat recovery device are configured with the same structure.

[0035] In one embodiment, the battery waste heat recovery device and the hydrogen production waste heat recovery device share the same water storage tank.

[0036] In one embodiment, the water reservoir is also connected to a water supply pipeline, and a water supply valve is provided on the water supply pipeline; the water supply pipeline is used to supply water to the water reservoir.

[0037] The aforementioned fuel cell waste heat recovery system stores the supplied water in a water storage tank and connects to the tank to form a water circulation path with both hot water exchange pipes and a holding water pipe. A hot water exchange pump powers the circulation in both paths. A waste heat exchanger installed on the hot water exchange pipe exchanges heat with the fuel cell, heating the water flowing through it to raise the water temperature in the storage tank to the set temperature. When the water temperature reaches the set temperature, the hot water exchange pipe is shut off, pausing the circulation in the hot water exchange path, while the holding water pipe remains open for circulation. When the water temperature in the storage tank falls below the set temperature, the hot water exchange circulation is restarted to raise the temperature further. This system, through the coordinated operation of the hot water exchange and holding water circulation paths, achieves real-time and rapid temperature control of the water in the storage tank, maintaining the water temperature at the set level. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system for removing fuel cell devices provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 1. Fuel cell unit; 11. Fuel cell; 12. Cooling water circulation pipeline; 121. Cooling water branch pipe; 122. Cooling water main pipe; 13. Heat dissipation device; 14. Cooling water pump; 15. Cooling three-way valve; 16. Cooling water tank;

[0043] 2. Battery waste heat recovery device; 21. Water storage tank; 22. Hot water exchange pipeline; 221. Outlet main pipe; 222. Return main pipe; 223. Heat exchange branch pipe; 23. Temperature-holding water pipeline; 231. Temperature-holding branch pipe; 24. Hot water pump; 25. Waste heat exchanger; 26. Heat exchange three-way valve; 27. Water supply pipeline; 28. Water supply valve;

[0044] 3. Hydrogen production unit;

[0045] 4. Waste heat recovery unit for hydrogen production;

[0046] 5. User's water pipes;

[0047] 6. User water pump;

[0048] 7. User side. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0050] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0051] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0054] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0055] See Figures 1-3 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system for removing fuel cell device 1 provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell device 1 provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0056] This application provides a fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system, including a fuel cell device 1 and a hydrogen production device 3. The hydrogen production device 3 produces hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and the produced hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell device 1. The fuel cell device 1 uses the hydrogen as fuel to generate electricity. During operation, the fuel cell device 1 and the hydrogen production device 3 generate heat. This fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system uses the heat generated by the fuel cell device 1 and / or the hydrogen production device 3 to supply hot water to users in the surrounding area.

[0057] Specifically, the fuel cell waste heat recovery system also includes a battery waste heat recovery device 2, which is used to recover and utilize the heat generated by the fuel cell device 1. The battery waste heat recovery device 2 includes a water storage tank 21, a hot water exchange pipeline 22, a warm water holding pipeline 23, a hot water exchange pump 24, and a waste heat exchanger 25. Both ends of the hot water exchange pipeline 22 are connected to the water storage tank 21, forming a hot water exchange circulation path. Both ends of the warm water holding pipeline 23 are connected to the water storage tank 21, forming a warm water holding circulation path. The warm water holding pipeline 23 and the hot water exchange pipeline 22 can be independently adjusted for on / off states. The hot water exchange pump 24 provides power for water circulation in the hot water exchange circulation path and the warm water holding circulation path. The waste heat exchanger 25 is located in the hot water exchange pipeline 22 and is used for heat exchange with the fuel cell device 1.

[0058] The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system provided in this application embodiment stores supply water in a water storage tank 21, and connects to the water storage tank 21 to form a water circulation path via a hot water exchange pipe 22 and a holding water pipe 23. A hot water exchange pump 24 provides power for the water circulation in both the hot water exchange and holding water circulation paths. A waste heat exchanger 25 is installed on the hot water exchange pipe 22 to exchange heat with the fuel cell device 1, heating the water flowing through the hot water exchange pipe 22 so that the water temperature in the water storage tank 21 reaches the set temperature. When the water temperature in the water storage tank 21 reaches the set temperature, the hot water exchange pipe 22 can be shut off to pause the water circulation in the hot water exchange circulation path, while the holding water pipe 23 remains connected to allow water circulation in the holding water circulation path. The water temperature no longer rises continuously and is basically maintained at the set temperature. When the water temperature in the water storage tank 21 falls below the set temperature, the water circulation in the hot water exchange circulation path is restarted to continue raising the water temperature. The system achieves real-time and rapid regulation of the water temperature in the water storage tank 21 through the cooperation of the hot water exchange circulation path and the temperature holding water circulation path, and can maintain the water temperature in the water storage tank 21 at the set temperature.

[0059] In some embodiments, the fuel cell waste heat recovery system further includes a hydrogen production waste heat recovery device 4, which is used to recover and utilize the heat generated by the hydrogen production device 3; wherein, the hydrogen production waste heat recovery device 4 and the battery waste heat recovery device 2 are configured with the same structure. When adjusting the water temperature of the water storage tank 21, the battery waste heat recovery device 2 and the hydrogen production waste heat recovery device 4 work in coordination to maintain the water temperature in the water storage tank 21 at the set temperature. In this embodiment, the battery waste heat recovery device 2 is used as an example for description, and the hydrogen production waste heat recovery device 4 will not be described in detail.

[0060] In some embodiments, the battery waste heat recovery device 2 and the hydrogen production waste heat recovery device 4 share the same water storage tank 21. Of course, the battery waste heat recovery device 2 and the hydrogen production waste heat recovery device 4 may also each have their own independent water storage tank 21, which is not a limitation here.

[0061] In some embodiments, the hot water exchange pipeline 22 includes an outlet main pipe 221, a return main pipe 222, and a heat exchange branch pipe 223. The inlet end of the outlet main pipe 221 is connected to the water storage tank 21, the outlet end of the return main pipe 222 is connected to the water storage tank 21, and the two ends of the heat exchange branch pipe 223 are respectively connected to the outlet end of the outlet main pipe 221 and the inlet end of the return main pipe 222. A waste heat exchanger 25 is installed on the heat exchange branch pipe 223, and a hot water pump 24 is installed on either the outlet main pipe 221 or the return main pipe 222. This arrangement creates a hot water exchange circulation path between the outlet main pipe 221, the return main pipe 222, the heat exchange branch pipe 223, and the water storage tank 21.

[0062] Optionally, the heated water pipeline 23 includes a heated branch pipe 231, with its two ends connected to the outlet end of the main outlet pipe 221 and the inlet end of the main return pipe 222, respectively. The main outlet pipe 221, the heated branch pipe 231, the main return pipe 222, and the water storage tank 21 form a heated water circulation path. With this arrangement, the heated water circulation path and the heat exchange circulation path share the main outlet pipe 221 and the main return pipe 222. This saves on piping, and the heat exchange pump 24 can simultaneously pump water from the water storage tank 21 into the heat exchange branch pipe 223 and the heated branch pipe 231, saving one heat exchange pump 24 and reducing equipment costs.

[0063] In some embodiments, the battery waste heat recovery device 2 further includes a heat exchange three-way valve 26, whose three ports are respectively connected to the outlet end of the main water pipe 221, the inlet end of the heat exchange branch pipe 223, and the inlet end of the holding branch pipe 231. The heat exchange three-way valve 26 can be an electrically operated three-way valve. By setting the heat exchange three-way valve 26, the main water pipe 221, the heat exchange branch pipe 223, and the holding branch pipe 231 are connected, and the connection between the main water pipe 221 and the heat exchange branch pipe 223, and the connection between the main water pipe 221 and the holding branch pipe 231 can be adjusted to achieve on / off control of the hot water circulation path and the holding water circulation path.

[0064] In some embodiments, the water reservoir 21 is also connected to a water supply pipe 27, which is used to supply water to the water reservoir 21. A water supply valve 28 is provided on the water supply pipe 27 to regulate the opening and closing of the water supply pipe 27.

[0065] In some embodiments, the water storage tank 21 is also connected to a user water pipe 5, with one end of the user water pipe 5 away from the water storage tank 21 connected to the user 7. A user water pump 6 is installed on the user water pipe 5. The water supplied from the water storage tank 21 is transported to the user 7 through the user water pipe 5, and the user water pump 6 provides power for the flow of the water supplied in the user water pipe 5.

[0066] In some embodiments, the fuel cell device 1 includes a fuel cell 11, a cooling water circulation pipe 12, and a heat dissipation device 13. The cooling water circulation pipe 12 is disposed on the fuel cell 11 and is used to cool the fuel cell 11. The cooling water circulation pipe 12 includes two parallel cooling water branch pipes 121, which can be independently adjusted for on / off states. The heat dissipation device 13 is disposed on one of the cooling water branch pipes 121, and the other cooling water branch pipe 121 can exchange heat with the waste heat exchanger 25.

[0067] When the waste heat exchanger 25 has a large heat exchange demand, the cooling water branch pipe 121 equipped with the heat dissipation device 13 can be cut off or reduced to increase the flow rate of the cooling water branch pipe 121 that exchanges heat with the waste heat exchanger 25, thereby achieving rapid heat exchange. Conversely, when the waste heat exchanger 25 has a small or no heat exchange demand, the flow rate in the cooling water branch pipe 121 that exchanges heat with the waste heat exchanger 25 can be cut off or reduced to increase the flow rate of the cooling water branch pipe 121 equipped with the heat dissipation device 13, so that the heat from the cooling water circulation pipe 12 can be discharged through the heat dissipation device 13, thereby maintaining the fuel cell 11 at a suitable operating temperature.

[0068] Specifically, the cooling water circulation pipeline 12 also includes a main cooling water pipe 122. The inlet ends of the two cooling water branch pipes 121 are connected to the outlet ends of the main cooling water pipe 122, and the outlet ends of the two cooling water branch pipes 121 are connected to the inlet ends of the main cooling water pipe 122. A cooling water pump 14 is installed on the main cooling water pipe 122, which drives the cooling water to circulate within the main cooling water pipe 122 and the cooling water branch pipes 121. Specifically, the main cooling water pipe 122 is routed around the fuel cell 11, and its inlet and outlet ends are respectively led out to the outside of the fuel cell 11 and connected to the outlet and inlet ends of the cooling water branch pipes 121.

[0069] In some embodiments, the fuel cell device 1 further includes a cooling three-way valve 15, the three ports of which are respectively connected to the outlet of the main cooling water pipe 122 and the inlet of the two cooling water branch pipes 121. The cooling three-way valve 15 can be an electrically operated three-way valve. By setting the cooling three-way valve 15, the connection between the main cooling water pipe 122 and the two cooling water branch pipes 121 can be adjusted.

[0070] In some embodiments, the fuel cell device 1 further includes a cooling water tank 16, which is connected to the cooling water main pipe 122 and is used to replenish the cooling water circulation pipe 12.

[0071] The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system provided in this application operates as follows:

[0072] Water is added to the cooling water tank 16 and water storage tank 21 of the fuel cell unit 1 and the hydrogen production unit 3. The cooling water pump 14 of the fuel cell unit 1 and the hydrogen production unit 3 is started to fully fill the cooling water circulation pipeline 12 with water.

[0073] A start command is sent to the hydrogen production unit 3 via communication. The control system collects the temperatures of the hydrogen production unit 3 and the water storage tank 21. An algorithm is used to determine the target rotational speed of the hot water pump in the hydrogen production waste heat recovery unit 4, the target opening degree of the heat exchange three-way valve in the hydrogen production waste heat recovery unit 4 and the cooling three-way valve in the hydrogen production unit 3, and the target heat dissipation of the heat dissipation device in the hydrogen production unit 3. These target rotational speed, target opening degree, and target heat dissipation are then transmitted via communication to the hot water pump, heat exchange three-way valve, cooling three-way valve, and heat dissipation device in the hydrogen production waste heat recovery unit 4, respectively. The heat generated by the hydrogen production unit 3 is exchanged to the water storage tank 21 by the waste heat exchanger in the hydrogen production waste heat recovery unit 4.

[0074] Once the hydrogen production unit 3 has generated sufficient and stable qualified hydrogen, the fuel cell 11 is started. The control system collects the temperatures of the fuel cell 11 and the water storage tank 21, and uses an algorithm to obtain the target rotational speed of the hot water pump 24 in the battery waste heat recovery device 2, the target opening degree of the heat exchange three-way valve 26 in the battery waste heat recovery device 2 and the cooling three-way valve 15 in the fuel cell unit 1, and the target heat dissipation of the heat dissipation device 13 in the fuel cell unit 1. Then, the target rotational speed, target opening degree, and target heat dissipation are transmitted via communication to the hot water pump 24, the heat exchange three-way valve 26, the cooling three-way valve 15, and the heat dissipation device 13 in the fuel cell unit 1, respectively. The heat generated by the fuel cell 11 is exchanged to the water storage tank 21 by the waste heat exchanger 25 in the battery waste heat recovery device 2.

[0075] When the water temperature in the water storage tank 21 is lower than the set water temperature, all the heat from the hydrogen production unit 3 and the fuel cell 11 is exchanged into the water storage tank 21 to raise the temperature. When the temperature in the water storage tank 21 is high, the operating power of the hydrogen production unit 3 and the fuel cell 11 can be reduced. If the generated heat is still greater than the heat required by the user 7, the excess heat is dissipated through the heat dissipation device 13 in the fuel cell unit 1 and the heat dissipation device in the hydrogen production unit 3. If the hot water temperature required by the user 7 suddenly drops, the heat can also be transferred in reverse through the waste heat exchanger 25 in the hydrogen production waste heat recovery unit 4 and the waste heat exchanger 25 in the battery waste heat recovery unit 2, and then dissipated through the heat dissipation device 13 in the fuel cell unit 1 and the heat dissipation device in the hydrogen production unit 3.

[0076] Once the water temperature in the water storage tank 21 reaches the temperature required by the user 7, the user water pump 6 is turned on to provide hot water to the user 7.

[0077] When the liquid level in the water tank 21 drops below the safety threshold, open the water supply valve 28 to replenish water into the water tank 21.

[0078] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0079] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system, characterized in that, include: The fuel cell device (1) is capable of generating heat during operation; A battery waste heat recovery device (2) is used to recover and utilize the heat generated by the fuel cell device (1); the battery waste heat recovery device (2) includes: Water storage device (21); The hot water exchange pipe (22) is connected at both ends to the water storage tank (21) to form a hot water exchange circulation path with the water storage tank (21); A warm water pipe (23) is connected at both ends to the water storage tank (21) to form a warm water circulation path with the water storage tank (21); the warm water pipe (23) and the hot water exchange pipe (22) can be independently adjusted for on / off; A hot water pump (24) is used to provide power for water circulation in the hot water circulation path and the temperature-holding water circulation path; and Waste heat exchanger (25) is installed in the hot water exchange pipeline (22) for heat exchange with the fuel cell device (1).

2. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot water exchange pipeline (22) includes: The main water outlet pipe (221) has its inlet end connected to the water storage device (21). The return water main (222) has its outlet connected to the water storage device (21); and The heat exchange branch pipe (223) is connected at both ends to the outlet end of the main water outlet pipe (221) and the inlet end of the main return water pipe (222), respectively. The waste heat exchanger (25) is installed on the heat exchange branch pipe (223), and the hot water pump (24) is installed on the outlet main pipe (221) or the return main pipe (222).

3. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heated water pipeline (23) includes: The temperature-holding branch pipe (231) is connected at both ends to the outlet end of the main water outlet pipe (221) and the inlet end of the main water return pipe (222), respectively; the main water outlet pipe (221), the temperature-holding branch pipe (231), the main water return pipe (222) and the water storage device (21) form the temperature-holding water circulation path.

4. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The battery waste heat recovery device (2) also includes: A heat exchange three-way valve (26) has three valve ports that are respectively connected to the outlet end of the main water pipe (221), the inlet end of the heat exchange branch pipe (223), and the inlet end of the temperature holding branch pipe (231).

5. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The fuel cell device (1) includes: Fuel cell (11); A cooling water circulation pipeline (12) is provided on the fuel cell (11) for cooling the fuel cell (11); the cooling water circulation pipeline (12) includes two parallel cooling water branch pipes (121), and the two cooling water branch pipes (121) can be independently adjusted for on / off; A heat dissipation device (13) is installed on one of the cooling water branch pipes (121); the other cooling water branch pipe (121) is capable of exchanging heat with the waste heat exchanger (25).

6. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cooling water circulation pipeline (12) also includes: The cooling water main pipe (122) has its inlet ends connected to the outlet ends of the cooling water main pipe (122), and the outlet ends of the two cooling water branch pipes (121) are connected to the inlet ends of the cooling water main pipe (122). The cooling water main pipe (122) is equipped with a cooling water pump (14), which is used to drive cooling water to circulate in the cooling water main pipe (122) and the cooling water branch pipe (121).

7. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fuel cell device (1) further includes: Cooling three-way valve (15), the three valve ports of the cooling three-way valve (15) are respectively connected to the outlet end of the cooling water main pipe (122) and the inlet end of the two cooling water branch pipes (121).

8. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system also includes: The hydrogen production device (3) is able to generate heat during operation; Hydrogen production waste heat recovery device (4) is used to recover and utilize the heat generated by the hydrogen production device (3); The hydrogen production waste heat recovery device (4) and the battery waste heat recovery device (2) are configured with the same structure.

9. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The battery waste heat recovery device (2) and the hydrogen production waste heat recovery device (4) share the same water storage tank (21).

10. The fuel cell waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The water storage device (21) is also connected to a water supply pipe (27), and a water supply valve (28) is provided on the water supply pipe (27); the water supply pipe (27) is used to supply water to the water storage device (21).

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