A cutting device for tape production

Abstract

This invention provides a cutting device for tape production. The device includes an operating table with two sets of support plates symmetrically mounted on its bottom. The invention utilizes a slitting blade mounted on the outside of a drive shaft. The slitting blade has a through groove in its center that matches the drive shaft. Four sets of guide rods are symmetrically mounted on the outside of the drive shaft. The slitting blade also has a structure in its center that matches the guide rods. Frictional damping exists between the inner side of the through groove in the center of the slitting blade and the outer sides of the mounting shaft and guide rods. Without manual external force, the slitting blade will not move after being mounted on the outside of the mounting shaft, ensuring its stable position. By mounting different numbers of slitting blades on the outside of the mounting shaft and adjusting the spacing between adjacent sets of slitting blades, the device can meet the needs of tape roll slitting under different conditions, capable of slitting tape rolls into tape films of varying quantities and widths, demonstrating strong practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tape production technology, and in particular relates to a cutting device for tape production. Background Technology

[0002] Adhesive tape is a household product. Based on its function, it can be divided into high-temperature tape, double-sided tape, insulating tape, specialty tape, pressure-sensitive tape, and die-cut tape. Different functions suit different industry needs. Transparent tape was invented in 1928 in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA by Richard Drew. A layer of adhesive is coated on the surface of the tape to make it stick to objects. The earliest adhesives came from animals and plants. In the 19th century, rubber was the main component of adhesives, while modern adhesives widely use various polymers.

[0003] In the tape production process, tape film rolls with a large width need to be slit. When current tape slitting equipment processes tape orders of multiple specifications and small batches, the traditional fixed blade holder structure is not practical because it is fixed and cannot adjust the number and spacing of the slitting blades. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a cutting device for tape production to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical content of this utility model is to provide a cutting device for tape production.

[0005] To solve the above problems, this utility model provides a cutting device for tape production, including an operating table. Two sets of support plates are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the operating table. A mounting frame is installed at the top center of the operating table. Two sets of cylinders are symmetrically installed on the top of the mounting frame. A lifting frame is installed inside the mounting frame. Limit plates are installed on both sides of the lifting frame. Two sets of mounting plates are symmetrically installed at the bottom inner side of the lifting frame. A mounting shaft is installed between the two sets of mounting plates. Four sets of guide rods are symmetrically installed on the outer side of the mounting shaft. A slitting blade is installed on the outer side of the mounting shaft. A drive shaft is located on the left side of the mounting shaft. A first connecting block is installed on the right side of the drive shaft, a first gear is installed on the outer side of the drive shaft, a second gear is installed on the top of the first gear, and a first motor is connected to the top of the second gear via a rotating shaft. Four sets of vertical plates are symmetrically installed on both sides of the top of the operating table, a sealing block is installed on the top of the vertical plates, and two sets of insert blocks are symmetrically installed on the bottom of the sealing blocks. A first mounting rod is installed on the left side of the top of the operating table, and a second mounting rod is installed on the right side of the top of the operating table. A second motor is connected to the left end of the second mounting rod, and a second connecting block is installed on the right end of the rotating shaft on the right side of the second motor.

[0006] As a further solution of this utility model, the width of the support plate is the same as the width of the operating table, the two sides of the mounting frame are flush with the two sides of the operating table, the mounting frame is fixedly installed in the top center of the operating table, the mounting frame is configured as a U-shaped structure, the lifting frame is configured as a U-shaped structure, the width of the lifting frame is the same as the width of the mounting frame, the limiting plates installed in the middle of the two sides of the lifting frame are set in the limiting grooves on the inner sides of the mounting frame, the top and bottom of the limiting plates are flush with the top and bottom of the lifting frame, and thus the lifting frame is installed on the inner side of the mounting frame by the two sets of limiting plates.

[0007] As a further solution of this utility model, the cylinder is fixedly installed on the top two sides of the mounting frame. The bottom telescopic end of the cylinder passes through the through holes opened on the top two sides of the mounting frame and is connected to the top two sides of the lifting frame. The two sets of cylinders are synchronously controlled by a controller. The mounting plate is fixedly installed on the inner bottom of the lifting frame. The right end of the mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the left side of the right set of mounting plates. The left end of the mounting shaft passes through the through hole opened on the left set of mounting plates and is flush with the left side of the left set of mounting plates. The mounting shaft and the two sets of mounting plates form a rotatable connection, so that the mounting shaft can rotate between the two sets of mounting plates.

[0008] As a further solution of this utility model, the length of the guide rod is the same as the distance between the two sets of mounting plates, and the middle part of the slitting blade is set with a through groove structure that is compatible with the mounting shaft and the four sets of guide rods, so that the slitting blade can be slidably mounted on the mounting shaft.

[0009] As a further solution of this utility model, the left end of the drive shaft is rotatably connected to the inner left side of the lifting frame, the right end of the drive shaft is in contact with the left end of the mounting shaft, the first connecting block installed on the right end of the drive shaft is set as a rectangular structure and installed in the connecting groove opened in the middle of the left side of the mounting shaft, the first gear is fixedly installed on the outside of the drive shaft, the first motor is fixedly installed on the top left side of the lifting frame, the bottom rotating shaft of the first motor passes through the top left through hole of the lifting frame and extends into the inner bottom of the lifting frame, the second gear is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating shaft, the first gear and the second gear mesh vertically, so that the rotating shaft can be driven by the first motor to drive the second gear to rotate.

[0010] As a further solution of this utility model, the side of the vertical plate is flush with the side of the operating table, and the opposite side of the two sets of vertical plates is the inner side of the vertical plate. The first mounting rod and the second mounting rod are installed on the inner side of the four sets of vertical plates. The first mounting rod and the second mounting rod are parallel to the mounting frame. The first mounting rod and the second mounting rod have the same specifications. The two ends of the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod are respectively installed in the rotating grooves opened at the top of the inner side of the two sets of vertical plates. The first mounting rod and the second mounting rod and the two sets of vertical plates at their ends form a rotatable connection. The bottom of the sealing block is provided with a rotating groove that matches the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod. The two sets of inserts at the bottom of the sealing block are fixedly installed in the two sets of slots symmetrically opened at the top of the vertical plate by fixing bolts, thereby fixing the sealing block on the top of the vertical plate.

[0011] As a further solution of this utility model, the second motor is fixedly installed at the middle of the intersection of a set of vertical plates and the sealing block on the top right side of the operating table. The right side shaft of the second motor passes through the through hole opened on the left side of the vertical plate and the sealing block and is flush with the left end of the second mounting rod. The second connecting block installed on the right end of the right side shaft of the second motor is installed in the connecting groove opened on the left end of the second mounting rod. Both the second connecting block and the connecting groove are set as rectangular structures, so that the second mounting rod can be rotated by driving the shaft of the second motor.

[0012] Compared with related technologies, the cutting device for tape production provided by this utility model has the following advantages:

[0013] 1. This utility model features a slitting blade mounted on the outside of a drive shaft. The slitting blade has a through groove in its center that matches the drive shaft. Four sets of guide rods are symmetrically mounted on the outside of the drive shaft. The slitting blade also has a structure in its center that matches the guide rods. Frictional damping exists between the inner side of the through groove in the center of the slitting blade and the outer sides of the mounting shaft and guide rods. Without manual external force, the slitting blade will not move after being mounted on the outside of the mounting shaft, ensuring its stable position. By mounting different numbers of slitting blades on the outside of the mounting shaft and adjusting the spacing between adjacent sets of slitting blades, the needs for slitting tape master rolls under different conditions can be met. This allows for the slitting of tape master rolls into tape films of varying quantities and widths, demonstrating strong practicality.

[0014] 2. This utility model symmetrically installs two sets of cylinders on the top of the mounting frame. The bottom extension end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the top two sides of the lifting frame. The lifting frame can be driven by the cylinder to lift and lower, thereby adjusting the height of the lifting frame and thus realizing the height adjustment of the slitting blade to meet the slitting needs of tape master rolls of different thicknesses in actual use. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of a cutting device for tape production according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of a cutting device for tape production according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the mounting frame of a cutting device for tape production according to this utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a top view of the lifting frame structure of a cutting device for tape production according to this utility model;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a side view of the vertical plate structure of a cutting device for tape production according to this utility model;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a top view of the vertical plate structure of a cutting device for tape production according to this utility model;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a side view of the second mounting rod of a cutting device for tape production according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a side view of the mounting axis of a cutting device for tape production according to this utility model;

[0024] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the mounting shaft of a cutting device for tape production according to this utility model.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Operating table; 2. Support plate; 3. Mounting frame; 4. Cylinder; 5. Lifting frame; 6. Limiting plate; 7. Mounting plate; 8. Mounting shaft; 9. Guide rod; 10. Slitting blade; 11. Drive shaft; 12. First connecting block; 13. First gear; 14. Second gear; 15. First motor; 16. Vertical plate; 17. Sealing block; 18. Insertion block; 19. First mounting rod; 20. Second mounting rod; 21. Second motor; 22. Second connecting block. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Please refer to the following: Figure 1-9A cutting device for tape production includes an operating table 1. Two sets of support plates 2 are symmetrically mounted on the bottom of the operating table 1. A mounting frame 3 is mounted at the top center of the operating table 1. Two sets of cylinders 4 are symmetrically mounted on the top of the mounting frame 3. A lifting frame 5 is mounted inside the mounting frame 3. Limit plates 6 are mounted on both sides of the lifting frame 5. Two sets of mounting plates 7 are symmetrically mounted on the bottom inner side of the lifting frame 5. A mounting shaft 8 is mounted between the two sets of mounting plates 7. Four sets of guide rods 9 are symmetrically mounted on the outer side of the mounting shaft 8. A slitting blade 10 is mounted on the outer side of the mounting shaft 8. A drive shaft 11 is located on the left side of the mounting shaft 8. A first connecting block is mounted on the right side of the drive shaft 11. 12. A first gear 13 is mounted on the outer side of the drive shaft 11. A second gear 14 is mounted on the top of the first gear 13. A first motor 15 is connected to the top of the second gear 14 via a rotating shaft. Four sets of vertical plates 16 are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the top of the operating platform 1. A sealing block 17 is mounted on the top of the vertical plate 16. Two sets of insert blocks 18 are symmetrically mounted on the bottom of the sealing block 17. A first mounting rod 19 is mounted on the left side of the top of the operating platform 1. A second mounting rod 20 is mounted on the right side of the top of the operating platform 1. A second motor 21 is connected to the left end of the second mounting rod 20. A second connecting block 22 is mounted on the right end of the rotating shaft on the right side of the second motor 21.

[0027] Preferably, the width of the support plate 2 is the same as the width of the operating table 1. The two sets of support plates 2 can provide stable support for the operating table 1. The two sides of the mounting frame 3 are flush with the two sides of the operating table 1. The mounting frame 3 is fixedly installed in the top middle of the operating table 1. The mounting frame 3 is set as a U-shaped structure. The lifting frame 5 is set as a U-shaped structure. The width of the lifting frame 5 is the same as the width of the mounting frame 3. The limiting plates 6 installed in the middle of the two sides of the lifting frame 5 are set in the limiting grooves on the inner sides of the mounting frame 3. The top and bottom of the limiting plates 6 are flush with the top and bottom of the lifting frame 5. Thus, the lifting frame 5 is installed on the inner side of the mounting frame 3 through the two sets of limiting plates 6.

[0028] Preferably, cylinder 4 is fixedly installed on the top two sides of the mounting frame 3. The bottom telescopic end of cylinder 4 passes through the through holes opened on the top two sides of the mounting frame 3 and is connected to the top two sides of the lifting frame 5. The two sets of cylinder 4 are synchronously controlled by a controller, so that the two sets of cylinder 4 can move synchronously to extend and retract, thereby controlling the lifting frame 5 to move up and down inside the mounting frame 3. The mounting plate 7 is fixedly installed on the bottom inside the lifting frame 5. The right end of the mounting shaft 8 is rotatably connected to the left side of the right set of mounting plates 7. The left end of the mounting shaft 8 passes through the through hole opened on the left set of mounting plates 7 and is flush with the left side of the left set of mounting plates 7. The mounting shaft 8 and the two sets of mounting plates 7 form a rotatable connection, so that the mounting shaft 8 can rotate between the two sets of mounting plates 7.

[0029] Preferably, the length of the guide rod 9 is the same as the distance between the two sets of mounting plates 7. The middle part of the slitting blade 10 is set with a through groove structure that is compatible with the mounting shaft 8 and the four sets of guide rods 9, so that the slitting blade 10 can be slidably mounted on the mounting shaft 8. There is frictional damping between the inner side of the through groove in the middle of the slitting blade 10 and the outer side of the mounting shaft 8 and the guide rod 9. Without the application of external force, the slitting blade 10 will not move after being mounted on the outer side of the mounting shaft 8, ensuring the stability of the position of the slitting blade 10. By installing different numbers of slitting blades 10 on the outer side of the mounting shaft 8 and adjusting the distance between two adjacent sets of slitting blades 10, the needs of tape master roll slitting under different conditions can be met, and the tape master roll can be slitted into tape films of different numbers and widths.

[0030] Preferably, the left end of the drive shaft 11 is rotatably connected to the inner left side of the lifting frame 5, and the right end of the drive shaft 11 is in contact with the left end of the mounting shaft 8. The first connecting block 12 installed on the right end of the drive shaft 11 is a rectangular structure and is installed in the connecting groove opened in the middle of the left side of the mounting shaft 8. The first gear 13 is fixedly installed on the outside of the drive shaft 11. The first motor 15 is fixedly installed on the top left side of the lifting frame 5. The bottom rotating shaft of the first motor 15 passes through the top left through hole of the lifting frame 5 and extends into the inner bottom of the lifting frame 5. The second gear 14 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating shaft. The first gear 13 and the second gear 14 are connected in a series of parallel sections. The wheel 14 is vertically engaged, and the first motor 15 drives the shaft to rotate the second gear 14. The second gear 14 drives the first gear 13 to rotate, which in turn drives the drive shaft 11 to rotate. Under the action of the first connecting block 12, the drive shaft 11 can drive the mounting shaft 8 to rotate between the two sets of mounting plates 7, thereby causing the slitting blade 10 mounted on the mounting shaft 8 to rotate, which can then cut the tape roll. The height of the slitting blade 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the lifting frame 5 through the cylinder 4 to meet the slitting needs of tape rolls of different thicknesses in actual use.

[0031] Preferably, the side of the vertical plate 16 is flush with the side of the operating table 1. The opposite side of the two sets of vertical plates 16 is the inner side of the vertical plate 16. The first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20 are installed on the inner side of the four sets of vertical plates 16. The first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20 are parallel to the mounting frame 3. The first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20 are of the same specification. The two ends of the first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20 are respectively installed in the rotating grooves opened at the top of the inner side of the two sets of vertical plates 16, so that the first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20 are aligned with the mounting frame 3. The two sets of vertical plates 16 at both ends form a rotating connection. The bottom of the sealing block 17 is provided with a rotating groove that matches the first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20. The two sets of inserts 18 at the bottom of the sealing block 17 are fixedly installed in the two sets of slots symmetrically opened at the top of the vertical plate 16 by fixing bolts, thereby fixing the sealing block 17 to the top of the vertical plate 16, thus realizing the installation of the first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20 on both sides of the top of the operating table 1. At the same time, this structure makes it very convenient to remove the first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20 from the fixed state.

[0032] Preferably, the second motor 21 is fixedly installed at the center of the intersection of a set of vertical plates 16 and the sealing block 17 on the top right side of the operating table 1. The right-side rotating shaft of the second motor 21 passes through the through hole on the left side of the vertical plates 16 and the sealing block 17 and is flush with the left end of the second mounting rod 20. The second connecting block 22 installed at the right end of the right-side rotating shaft of the second motor 21 is installed in the connecting groove on the left end of the second mounting rod 20. Both the second connecting block 22 and the connecting groove are rectangular structures, so that the second motor 21 can drive the rotating shaft to rotate the second mounting rod 20. Large-sized tape rolls can be installed on the first mounting rod 19, and multiple sets of small-sized tape rings can be placed on the second mounting rod 20. After the tape rolls are cut into sizes with the same width as the tape rings by the slitting blade 10, the cut tape can be wound onto the tape rings on the second mounting rod 20 as the second mounting rod 20 rotates, thus realizing the cutting and winding of the tape. After one set of tape rolls is used up, the sealing block 17 is removed from the top of the vertical plate 16, and the first mounting rod 19 and the second mounting rod 20 can be removed from the top of the operating table 1. Then, new tape rolls and tape rings can be replaced.

[0033] It should be noted that the device structure and accompanying drawings of this utility model mainly describe the principle of this utility model. The technical details of the device's power mechanism, power supply system, and control system are not fully described. However, those skilled in the art, understanding the principle of the above utility model, can clearly understand the specifics of its power mechanism, power supply system, and control system. The control method in the application document is automatic control via a controller. The controller's control circuit can be implemented through simple programming by those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can connect all electrical components and their compatible power supplies via wires, and should select a suitable controller according to the actual situation to meet control requirements. The specific connections and control sequence, and the detailed connection methods, are well-known technologies in the field. This document mainly introduces the working principle and process, and will not describe the electrical control.

[0034] All standard parts used can be purchased from the market, and can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the existing technology. The fixing bolt of this device is a bolt, and the fixing hole is a screw hole. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the existing technology, and the structure and principle of the components known to those skilled in the art can be learned by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0035] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and alterations can be made to these embodiments, or they can be used directly or indirectly, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. In other related technical fields, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, and they are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting device for tape production, comprising an operating table (1), wherein two sets of support plates (2) are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the operating table (1), and a mounting frame (3) is installed at the top center of the operating table (1), characterized in that: Two sets of cylinders (4) are symmetrically installed on the top of the mounting frame (3). A lifting frame (5) is installed on the inner side of the mounting frame (3). Limit plates (6) are installed on both sides of the lifting frame (5). Two sets of mounting plates (7) are symmetrically installed on the bottom inner side of the lifting frame (5). An mounting shaft (8) is installed between the two sets of mounting plates (7). Four sets of guide rods (9) are symmetrically installed on the outer side of the mounting shaft (8). A cutting blade (10) is installed on the outer side of the mounting shaft (8). A drive shaft (11) is located on the left side of the mounting shaft (8). A first connecting block (12) is installed on the right side of the drive shaft (11). A first gear (13) is installed on the outer side of the drive shaft (11). A second gear (14) is installed on the top of the gear (13). The top of the second gear (14) is connected to a first motor (15) via a rotating shaft. Four sets of vertical plates (16) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the top of the operating table (1). A sealing block (17) is installed on the top of the vertical plate (16). Two sets of insert blocks (18) are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the sealing block (17). A first mounting rod (19) is installed on the left side of the top of the operating table (1). A second mounting rod (20) is installed on the right side of the top of the operating table (1). A second motor (21) is connected to the left end of the second mounting rod (20). A second connecting block (22) is installed on the right end of the rotating shaft on the right side of the second motor (21).

2. The cutting device for tape production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the support plate (2) is the same as the width of the operating table (1). The two sides of the mounting frame (3) are flush with the two sides of the operating table (1). The mounting frame (3) is fixedly installed in the middle of the top of the operating table (1). The mounting frame (3) is configured as a U-shaped structure. The lifting frame (5) is configured as a U-shaped structure. The width of the lifting frame (5) is the same as the width of the mounting frame (3). The limiting plates (6) installed in the middle of the two sides of the lifting frame (5) are set in the limiting grooves on the inner sides of the mounting frame (3). The top and bottom of the limiting plates (6) are flush with the top and bottom of the lifting frame (5).

3. The cutting device for tape production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder (4) is fixedly installed on the top two sides of the mounting frame (3). The bottom telescopic end of the cylinder (4) passes through the through holes opened on the top two sides of the mounting frame (3) and is connected to the top two sides of the lifting frame (5). The two sets of cylinders (4) are synchronously controlled by a set of controllers. The mounting plate (7) is fixedly installed on the inner bottom of the lifting frame (5). The right end of the mounting shaft (8) is rotatably connected to the left side of the right set of mounting plates (7). The left end of the mounting shaft (8) passes through the through hole opened on the left set of mounting plates (7) and is flush with the left side of the left set of mounting plates (7). The mounting shaft (8) and the two sets of mounting plates (7) form a rotatable connection.

4. The cutting device for tape production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the guide rod (9) is the same as the spacing between the two sets of mounting plates (7), and the middle part of the slitting blade (10) is configured with a through groove structure that is compatible with the mounting shaft (8) and the four sets of guide rods (9).

5. A cutting device for tape production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left end of the drive shaft (11) is rotatably connected to the inner left side of the lifting frame (5), the right end of the drive shaft (11) is in contact with the left end of the mounting shaft (8), the first connecting block (12) installed on the right end of the drive shaft (11) is set as a rectangular structure and installed in the connecting groove opened in the middle of the left side of the mounting shaft (8), the first gear (13) is fixedly installed on the outside of the drive shaft (11), the first motor (15) is fixedly installed on the top left side of the lifting frame (5), the bottom rotating shaft of the first motor (15) passes through the top left through hole of the lifting frame (5) and extends into the inner bottom of the lifting frame (5), the second gear (14) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating shaft, and the first gear (13) and the second gear (14) mesh vertically.

6. The cutting device for tape production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the vertical plate (16) is flush with the side of the operating table (1). The opposite side of the two sets of vertical plates (16) is the inner side of the vertical plate (16). The first mounting rod (19) and the second mounting rod (20) are installed on the inner side of the four sets of vertical plates (16). The first mounting rod (19) and the second mounting rod (20) are parallel to the mounting frame (3). The first mounting rod (19) and the second mounting rod (20) have the same specifications. The two ends of the first mounting rod (19) and the second mounting rod (20) are respectively installed in the rotating grooves opened at the top of the inner side of the two sets of vertical plates (16). The first mounting rod (19) and the second mounting rod (20) are rotatably connected to the two sets of vertical plates (16) at their two ends. The bottom of the sealing block (17) is provided with a rotating groove that is compatible with the first mounting rod (19) and the second mounting rod (20). The two sets of inserts (18) at the bottom of the sealing block (17) are fixedly installed in the two sets of slots symmetrically opened at the top of the vertical plate (16) by fixing bolts.

7. A cutting device for tape production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second motor (21) is fixedly installed at the middle of the intersection of a set of vertical plates (16) and the sealing block (17) on the top right side of the operating table (1). The right side shaft of the second motor (21) passes through the through hole opened on the left side of the vertical plate (16) and the sealing block (17) and is flush with the left end of the second mounting rod (20). The second connecting block (22) installed on the right end of the right side shaft of the second motor (21) is installed in the connecting groove opened on the left end of the second mounting rod (20). The second connecting block (22) and the connecting groove are both set as rectangular structures.

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