A precision fertilizer application device

Abstract

This utility model discloses a precision fertilizer application device for agriculture, which includes a main frame, a hopper, and at least one fertilizer application mechanism. The main frame has a traction rod at its front end for connecting to a tractor, wheels in the middle, and a hopper fixed to the top by a support rod; the bottom of the hopper is connected to a discharge pipe. The fertilizer application mechanism includes a base plate, a discharge assembly, a wheel, a shaft, a vertical plate, and a motor. The discharge assembly consists of two interlocking circular shells forming a cavity with an inlet and an outlet; the wheel is coaxially positioned within the cavity, with radial partitions equidistantly spaced along its arc-shaped outer edge, forming independent chambers separated from the inner wall of the shells. This independent chamber design forcibly separates the fertilizer, eliminating pulsed fertilizer application and significantly reducing the fluctuation rate of the unit fertilizer application rate; the motor speed corresponds linearly to the fertilizer application frequency, adapting to real-time tractor speed changes to ensure precise "one fertilizer per hole" positioning; the interlocking shells are quickly disassembled and reassembled with bolts, facilitating the cleaning of compacted fertilizer and reducing the risk of bearing corrosion failure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilization devices, specifically relating to a precision application device for agricultural fertilizers. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural fertilizer application technology, as a core component of modern agricultural production, directly affects crop yield, resource utilization efficiency, and environmental impact. Currently, mainstream fertilizer application devices are mainly divided into three categories: gravity-fed, screw conveyor, and pneumatic conveyor. However, the following systemic defects still exist:

[0003] (1) Waste of resources due to insufficient quantitative accuracy: Traditional fertilizer application devices rely on the size of the hopper opening to control the flow rate, which is easily affected by factors such as differences in fertilizer particle size and moisture agglomeration, resulting in uneven fertilizer application per unit area.

[0004] (2) Poor dynamic adaptability leading to agronomic disconnect: In the existing technology, the fertilizer application mechanism is driven by the rotation of the wheels. When the tractor changes speed or operates on a slope, the gap in the transmission chain causes the fertilizer application position to lag, the plant spacing cannot be guaranteed to be consistent, and the fertilization accuracy is insufficient.

[0005] (3) Maintenance bottleneck caused by insufficient structural sealing: Fertilizer (especially compound fertilizer) is highly corrosive and hygroscopic. Existing devices have the problem that the cavity cannot be disassembled. The conveying channel adopts a welded closed structure. After the fertilizer clumps, it needs to be washed with a high-pressure water gun, which leads to an increase in the failure rate of bearing corrosion.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a fertilizer application device with high sealing and quantitative delivery, electromechanical coordination and precise control, and modular quick disassembly and maintenance to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] In order to overcome the problems in the background art, this utility model provides an agricultural fertilizer precision application device.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0009] An agricultural fertilizer precision application device includes a fertilizer application mechanism, wherein the fertilizer application mechanism comprises:

[0010] The base plate has a square hole on one side;

[0011] The feeding assembly is symmetrically installed on both sides of the square hole, including two opposing circular shells that are joined together to form an internal cavity. The top and bottom of the cavity are respectively provided with a connected inlet and outlet.

[0012] A circular wheel is coaxially disposed within the cavity, with its two end faces tightly fitted to the inner wall of the circular outer shell. An annular channel is formed between the arc-shaped outer edge of the circular wheel and the inner wall of the outer shell. Radial partitions are provided at equal intervals on the arc-shaped outer edge of the circular wheel, and the outer edge of each partition contacts the inner wall of the circular outer shell, dividing the annular channel into independent chambers.

[0013] A rotating shaft is inserted through the center of the wheel, with its two ends protruding from the center of the circular outer shell. One end is equipped with a rotating shaft pulley, and the other end is connected via a bearing.

[0014] A vertical plate is fixed to the base plate, and the bearing is embedded in the circular hole of the vertical plate;

[0015] A motor is installed on the other side of the base plate, and its output shaft is equipped with a motor pulley. The motor pulley is tensioned and connected to the shaft pulley by a V-belt.

[0016] The fertilizer enters the independent chamber of the annular channel through the inlet. The motor drives the wheel to rotate, which transports the fertilizer in sections to the outlet for discharge. The motor speed controls the frequency and spacing of the fertilizer falling.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0018] The main frame is a rectangular frame welded from multiple iron rods, with a drawbar at the front end for connecting to the tractor;

[0019] The wheels are mounted laterally in the middle of the main frame;

[0020] Two longitudinal rods are fixed parallel to each other on the main frame;

[0021] The bottom plate of the fertilization mechanism is fixed to the long rod.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0023] The hopper is located above the fertilizer application mechanism;

[0024] The support rod is fixed to the side wall of the hopper at the top and vertically welded to the main frame at the bottom.

[0025] Furthermore, the circular outer shell has at least four fixing holes on its edge. When the shells are joined together, fixing bolts are passed through the fixing holes and fixing nuts are tightened to lock them in place. The inlet and outlet are formed by the material grooves of the two circular outer shells joining together to form a sealed channel.

[0026] Furthermore, the outer wall of the circular outer shell is provided with a mounting plate, and the mounting plate has linearly arranged mounting holes. The circular outer shell is fixed to the side of the square hole of the base plate by mounting bolts passing through the mounting holes.

[0027] Furthermore, the bottom of the hopper is provided with a discharge pipe, the outlet of which is connected to the feed inlet of the fertilizer application mechanism; the discharge outlet is connected to a discharge pipe, the bottom of which is located below the main frame and is used to introduce fertilizer into the soil.

[0028] Furthermore, at least four fertilizer application mechanisms are installed at equal intervals on the main frame, and the number of feed pipes in the hopper corresponds one-to-one with the fertilizer application mechanism.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0030] This invention achieves a breakthrough improvement in the precision of fertilizer application, equipment reliability, and operational efficiency through an innovative chamber partition structure and electromechanical collaborative control mechanism.

[0031] In terms of precise fertilization control, thanks to the independent, sealed chambers formed by the wheel and radial baffles within the annular channel, fertilizer particles are forcibly separated into equal-volume units. This eliminates the "pulsating" fertilizer drop phenomenon caused by gravity flow in traditional devices, ensuring a reduced fluctuation rate in fertilizer application per unit area. Combined with the rigid transmission of the motor to the shaft via a V-belt, the motor speed and fertilizer drop frequency form a linear mapping relationship. When the tractor's travel speed changes, the motor speed can be dynamically adjusted in real time to match the crop spacing requirements, achieving precise "one fertilizer per hole" fertilization and completely solving the problem of fertilizer misalignment with root system positions.

[0032] In terms of long-term equipment operation, the mating design of the circular outer shell, combined with the circumferential locking of the fixing bolts, gives the cavity industrial-grade sealing, effectively preventing fertilizer particles from seeping into the transmission components. At the same time, the linearly arranged mounting holes on the mounting plate support quick disassembly and maintenance. Operators can open the shell to clean the clump of fertilizer without special tools. Compared with the traditional welded closed structure, maintenance time is reduced, significantly reducing the risk of bearing failure due to corrosion.

[0033] In terms of adaptability to large-scale operation scenarios, the main frame integrates multiple fertilizer application mechanisms through longitudinal long rods. Each mechanism independently receives fertilizer from the hopper through the feeding pipe. Combined with the low center of gravity design of the centrally mounted wheels, the whole machine can maintain stable conveying even on slopes, meeting the needs of large-scale continuous operation in hilly areas. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the device of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the device of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer application mechanism of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding component structure of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the feeding assembly of this utility model;

[0040] Figure 6 This is an internal sectional view of the feeding assembly of this utility model;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate structure of this utility model;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circular outer shell structure of this utility model.

[0043] 1-Base plate, 11-Square hole, 2-Circular outer shell, 21-Inlet, 22-Outlet, 23-Fixing hole, 24-Fixing bolt, 25-Fixing nut, 26-Material trough, 27-Mounting plate, 28-Mounting hole, 29-Mounting bolt, 3-Round wheel, 31-Radial partition, 4-Annular channel, 5-Shaft, 51-Shaft pulley, 52-Bearing, 6-Vertical plate, 61-Round hole, 7-Motor, 71-Motor pulley, 8-V-belt, 9-Main frame, 91-Traction rod, 92-Wheel, 93-Longitudinal rod, 10-Hopper, 101-Support rod, 102-Discharge pipe, 103-Outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0045] Example 1: Device Structure and Connection Method

[0046] This embodiment details the core structure and assembly relationship of an agricultural fertilizer precision application device, combined with... Figures 1 to 8 illustrate:

[0047] 1. Mainframe rack

[0048] The main frame 9 is a rectangular frame welded from square steel, with a drawbar 91 welded to its front end for connecting the tractor's three-point suspension mechanism. Two longitudinal rods 93 are welded parallel to each other on both sides of the main frame 9, and the wheels 92 are mounted laterally in the middle of the main frame 9 via axles, using solid rubber tires to adapt to rough terrain.

[0049] 2. Modular integration of fertilization mechanisms

[0050] Four sets of fertilization mechanisms are equidistantly installed on the longitudinal rod 93, including:

[0051] Base plate 1: made of steel plate, with a square hole 11 on one side.

[0052] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the feeding assembly consists of two circular outer shells 2 fixed to both sides of a square hole 11 via mounting plates 27. Three mounting holes 28 are linearly arranged on the mounting plate 27, and M10 mounting bolts 29 are used to fasten the outer shells to the base plate 1. Six φ10mm fixing holes 23 are evenly distributed along the edges of the circular outer shells 2. When assembling, M8 fixing bolts 24 are used to pass through these holes, and then the fixing nuts 25 are tightened, applying torque to ensure a seal. The inlet 21 and outlet 22 are formed by the mating of U-shaped material channels 26 from the two outer shells.

[0053] Wheel 3: Made of nylon, with 12 radial partitions 31 welded at equal intervals on its arc-shaped outer edge. The outer edge of the partitions 31 is machined with raised sealing strips, which make interference contact with the inner wall of the circular outer shell 2 to form multiple independent chambers.

[0054] Transmission system: The rotating shaft 5 passes through the center of the wheel 3 and is supported at both ends by tapered roller bearings 52. The bearings 52 are press-fitted into the round holes 61 of the vertical plate 6, and the vertical plate 6 is vertically welded to the base plate 1. The motor 7 is connected to the rotating shaft pulley 51 via a V-belt 8.

[0055] 3. Storage and conveying pipelines

[0056] The hopper 10 is welded to the top of the main frame 9 via four support rods 101. Four discharge pipes 102 are welded to the bottom, with the outlets aligned with the fertilizer inlet 21 of the fertilizer applicator. The discharge port 22 is connected to the discharge pipe 103, with a soil-diverting cone at the end of the pipe to prevent blockage.

[0057] Technical benefits: In terms of adaptability to large-scale operation scenarios, the main frame 9 integrates multiple fertilizer application mechanisms through the longitudinal long rod 93. Each mechanism independently receives fertilizer from the hopper through the feed pipe 102. Combined with the low center of gravity design of the centrally mounted wheels 92, the whole machine can maintain stable conveying under sloping conditions, meeting the needs of large-scale continuous operation in hilly areas.

[0058] Example 2: Application of precision fertilization in tobacco on plateau slopes in Kunming, Yunnan Province

[0059] 1. Geographical environment and agronomic requirements

[0060] The project was implemented in Beigu Town, Yiliang County, Kunming City, an area characterized by typical plateau red soil slopes.

[0061] Topographic features: average slope 12°, plot fragmentation 0.67, soil clay content >35%;

[0062] Climate conditions: 2200 hours of sunshine per year, UV index IV, diurnal temperature range of 18°C;

[0063] Crop requirements: Plant the variety Yunyan 87, with a row spacing of 110cm±5cm and a plant spacing of 40cm±3cm. Apply 15g of base fertilizer per hole (compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O=12-10-18, particle size 2-4mm). Apply fertilizer for tobacco planting (row spacing 110cm, plant spacing 40cm).

[0064] 2. Equipment configuration and terrain adaptation

[0065] Overall machine parameters: The main frame 9 is equipped with a counterweight to balance the lateral tilt on slopes; the tire pressure of the wheels 92 is adjusted to 250kPa to enhance grip.

[0066] Fertilizer application mechanism adjustment: According to the requirements of tobacco base fertilizer application, the round wheel 3 is replaced with the 16-partition 31 model; the discharge pipe 103 is lengthened to 250mm and inserted 50mm below the soil surface to prevent it from being blown away by the wind.

[0067] Control system: When the tractor speed is 5km / h, the motor speed of motor 7 is set to 180rpm and the fertilizer application frequency is 4.5 plants / second to achieve plant spacing matching.

[0068] 3. Work processes and data monitoring

[0069] Fertilizer pretreatment: Compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) is passed through a 3mm sieve to remove lumps and then loaded into silo 10;

[0070] Field operation: The tractor travels at speeds ranging from 4 to 6 km / h, with the motor operating at 7 speeds in real time. Infrared sensor monitoring shows that the average deviation of the fertilizer application point from the center of the tobacco root system is 18 mm.

[0071] Quantitative verification: 20 holes were randomly selected for measurement. The amount of fertilizer applied per hole was 14.7-15.3g, which met the agronomic requirements of ±2.5%.

[0072] 4. Maintenance and Troubleshooting

[0073] Routine maintenance: After operation, loosen the fixing nut 25, separate the circular outer shell 2, and rinse away any residual fertilizer. Add lithium-based grease to bearing 52 every 50 hours.

[0074] Troubleshooting: When the uniformity of material output decreases, check the wear of the sealing strip of radial baffle 31. Replacement time is less than 15 minutes.

[0075] Economic comparison: Compared with traditional fertilizer applicators, fertilizer utilization rate is greatly improved, and the amount of fertilizer applied per acre is reduced; maintenance costs are also reduced.

[0076] This device greatly speeds up the fertilization process for tobacco growers in Yunnan, ensuring the accuracy of fertilization. It is highly practical and can be used in large-scale production.

[0077] The preferred embodiments of this utility model disclosed above are merely illustrative of the present utility model. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the utility model to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of this utility model, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize it. This utility model is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An agricultural fertilizer precision application apparatus, characterized by, It includes a fertilization mechanism, which includes: The base plate (1) has a square hole (11) on one side. The feeding assembly is symmetrically installed on both sides of the square hole (11), including two opposing and spliced ​​circular shells (2), which together form an internal cavity. The top and bottom of the cavity are respectively provided with a connected feed inlet (21) and a discharge outlet (22). A circular wheel (3) is coaxially disposed in the cavity, with its two end faces tightly fitted to the inner wall of the circular outer shell (2). An annular channel (4) is formed between the arc-shaped outer edge of the circular wheel (3) and the inner wall of the outer shell. Radial partitions (31) are provided at equal intervals on the arc-shaped outer edge of the circular wheel (3). The outer edge of each partition (31) contacts the inner wall of the circular outer shell (2) and divides the annular channel (4) into independent chambers. A rotating shaft (5) is inserted through the center of the wheel (3), with its two ends protruding from the center of the circular outer shell (2). One end is fitted with a rotating shaft pulley (51), and the other end is connected by a bearing (52). The vertical plate (6) is fixed vertically to the base plate (1), and the bearing (52) is embedded in the round hole (61) of the vertical plate (6); The motor (7) is installed on the other side of the base plate (1), and its output shaft is provided with a motor pulley (71). The motor pulley (71) is tensioned and connected to the shaft pulley (51) through a V-belt (8). In this process, fertilizer enters the independent chamber of the annular channel (4) through the feed inlet (21), and the rotating wheel (3) is driven by the motor (7) to transport the fertilizer in sections to the discharge outlet (22) for discharge. The rotation speed of the motor (7) controls the frequency and spacing of the fertilizer falling.

2. The agricultural fertilizer precision application apparatus of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: The main frame (9) is a rectangular frame welded from multiple iron rods, and a traction rod (91) is provided at the front end for connecting to the tractor; The wheels (92) are mounted laterally in the middle of the main frame (9); Two longitudinal rods (93) are fixed parallel to each other on the main frame (9); The bottom plate (1) of the fertilization mechanism is fixed to the long rod (93).

3. The agricultural fertilizer precision application apparatus of claim 2, wherein, Also includes: The hopper (10) is located above the fertilizer application mechanism; The support rod (101) is fixed to the side wall of the hopper (10) at the top and vertically welded to the main frame (9) at the bottom.

4. The agricultural fertilizer precision application apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The circular outer shell (2) has at least four fixing holes (23) on its edge. When they are joined together, fixing bolts (24) are inserted through the fixing holes (23) and fixing nuts (25) are tightened to lock them in place. The inlet (21) and outlet (22) are formed by the material troughs (26) of the two circular outer shells (2) joining together to form a sealed channel.

5. The agricultural fertilizer precision application apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The outer wall of the circular shell (2) is provided with a mounting plate (27), and the mounting plate (27) is provided with linearly arranged mounting holes (28). The circular shell (2) is fixed to the side of the square hole (11) of the base plate (1) by passing the mounting bolts (29) through the mounting holes (28).

6. The agricultural fertilizer precision application apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The bottom of the hopper (10) is provided with a discharge pipe (102), the outlet of which is connected to the feed inlet (21) of the fertilizer application mechanism; the discharge port (22) is connected to a discharge pipe (103), the bottom of which is located below the main frame (9) and is used to introduce fertilizer into the soil.

7. The agricultural fertilizer precision application apparatus of claim 6, wherein, At least four fertilizer application mechanisms are installed at equal intervals on the main frame (9), and the number of feed pipes (102) of the hopper (10) corresponds one-to-one with the fertilizer application mechanism.

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