Dust detection device

Abstract

This utility model provides a dust detection device, comprising: an infrared photosensitive detection unit with a detection voltage output terminal; a reference voltage unit with a reference voltage output terminal; a signal comparison unit, comprising: a voltage divider resistor network, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the detection voltage output terminal of the photosensitive detection unit; a multi-stage voltage comparator with multiple inverting input terminals and multiple non-inverting input terminals; the multiple inverting input terminals are respectively electrically connected to the reference voltage output terminal of the reference voltage circuit; the multiple second input terminals are respectively electrically connected to different output nodes of the voltage divider resistor network; a main control communication unit, comprising: a microcontroller with multiple comparator signal input terminals and a communication control terminal; the multiple comparator signal input terminals are electrically connected one-to-one to each output terminal of the multi-stage voltage comparator; a communication chip with a data receiving terminal and a remote bus terminal; the data receiving terminal is electrically connected to the communication control terminal of the microcontroller; the remote bus terminal is electrically connected to an external monitoring device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of dust detection, specifically, to a dust detection device. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production and indoor environmental monitoring, real-time detection of dust accumulation thickness is crucial for ensuring production safety and human health. Existing dust detection devices typically employ optical detection principles, using photosensitive elements to receive light scattered or blocked by dust, converting the optical signal into an electrical signal to detect the accumulation thickness.

[0003] Currently, existing dust detection devices suffer from two main types of shortcomings: one type involves complex structures, employing high-precision sensors and sophisticated algorithms, resulting in high costs and making them unsuitable for cost-sensitive small- to medium-sized applications; the other type, while simpler in cost, generally suffers from insufficient reference voltage stability, low detection and grading accuracy, and a lack of reliable remote data transmission capabilities, leading to large detection errors and limited applicability. Furthermore, some devices exhibit low integration of voltage comparison and signal processing modules, resulting in poor anti-interference capabilities, further impacting detection reliability.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a dust detection device that has multi-level detection capabilities, high detection accuracy, compact structure, and controllable cost. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model provides a dust detection device to at least solve the problems of existing dust detection devices, such as low detection accuracy, poor stability, insufficient reliability of remote data transmission, complex system structure, high cost, susceptibility to voltage fluctuations, and low on-site condition identification.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a dust detection device, characterized in that it comprises:

[0007] The infrared photosensitive detection unit has a detection voltage output terminal;

[0008] The reference voltage unit has a reference voltage output terminal;

[0009] The signal comparison unit includes:

[0010] A voltage divider resistor network, the input of which is electrically connected to the detection voltage output of the photosensitive detection unit;

[0011] A multi-stage voltage comparator has multiple inverting input terminals and multiple non-inverting input terminals; the multiple inverting input terminals are respectively electrically connected to the reference voltage output terminal of the reference voltage unit; the multiple non-inverting input terminals are respectively electrically connected to different output nodes of the voltage divider resistor network.

[0012] The main control communication unit includes:

[0013] The microcontroller has multiple comparator signal input terminals and a communication control terminal; the multiple comparator signal input terminals are electrically connected one-to-one to the output terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator.

[0014] The communication chip has a data receiving end and a remote bus end; the data receiving end is electrically connected to the communication control end of the microcontroller; the remote bus end is electrically connected to an external monitoring device.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes an LED indicator unit, the LED indicator unit comprising:

[0016] Multiple LED driver circuits, whose input terminals are electrically connected one-to-one to the output terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator;

[0017] The multi-component color LED has its anode electrically connected to the output terminal of the LED driver circuit, and its cathode grounded.

[0018] Furthermore, the LED driving circuit includes:

[0019] Multiple NPN transistors, with the base of each NPN transistor electrically connected to the output terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator;

[0020] Multiple PNP transistors, wherein the base of each PNP transistor is electrically connected to the collector of the corresponding NPN transistor;

[0021] Multiple first current-limiting resistors are provided, with one end of each first current-limiting resistor connected to the emitter of the corresponding PNP transistor and the other end connected to the anode of the corresponding color-separated LED.

[0022] Furthermore, the reference voltage unit includes:

[0023] The reference voltage source has its cathode connected to the power input interface through a second current-limiting resistor, and its anode grounded.

[0024] The first potentiometer has its first fixed terminal connected to the reference terminal of the reference voltage source, and its second fixed terminal grounded.

[0025] Furthermore, the infrared photosensitive detection unit includes:

[0026] Infrared photosensitive element;

[0027] The second potentiometer has its first fixed terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the infrared photosensitive element, its second fixed terminal grounded, and its sliding terminal electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage divider resistor network.

[0028] Furthermore, the voltage divider resistor network includes a series branch formed by multiple series-connected voltage divider resistors, one end of which is electrically connected to the sliding terminal of the second potentiometer, and the other end is grounded; the connection nodes of two adjacent voltage divider resistors serve as output nodes of the voltage divider resistor network, and each output node is electrically connected to multiple non-inverting input terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator.

[0029] Furthermore, the main control communication unit also includes a status indicator light, the anode of which is connected to the status indicator light driver terminal of the microcontroller through a third current-limiting resistor, and the cathode of which is grounded.

[0030] Furthermore, the reference voltage unit also includes a filter circuit, which includes at least two filter capacitors connected in parallel. One end of the filter circuit is electrically connected to the cathode of the reference voltage source, and the other end is electrically connected to ground.

[0031] Furthermore, the microcontroller is an SC8F2892B microcontroller.

[0032] Furthermore, the communication chip is a MAX485 communication chip.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0034] This invention utilizes a multi-stage voltage comparator coupled with a voltage divider resistor network to perform parallel hierarchical processing of the output signal from the infrared photosensitive detection unit. This effectively improves the hierarchical accuracy and response speed of dust accumulation thickness detection, solving the problems of low detection accuracy and poor stability in existing simple devices. The device employs a highly integrated main control communication unit and standard communication chip, ensuring the reliability of multi-stage signal processing and remote data transmission while greatly simplifying the system structure and significantly reducing costs. It is particularly suitable for cost-sensitive small and medium-sized industrial and indoor environments requiring real-time monitoring.

[0035] Furthermore, the LED indicator unit visually displays different dust accumulation thickness levels through multi-channel drive circuits, enhancing the visibility of the on-site conditions. Combined with optimized filtering and potentiometer adjustment of the reference voltage circuit, the stability and anti-interference capability of the detection reference are further improved, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional devices that are susceptible to voltage fluctuations. The overall structure is compact and flexible in configuration, combining high cost-effectiveness with high reliability, significantly expanding the application range of dust detection in diverse scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dust detection device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2This is a circuit diagram of the dust detection device in an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "level," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this utility model provides a dust detection device, including: an infrared photosensitive detection unit 2, a reference voltage unit 1, a signal comparison unit 3, and an LED main control communication unit 4.

[0042] The infrared photosensitive detection unit 2 has a detection voltage output terminal.

[0043] Reference voltage unit 1 has a reference voltage output terminal.

[0044] The signal comparison unit 3 includes a voltage divider resistor network and a multi-stage voltage comparator.

[0045] The input terminal of the voltage divider resistor network is electrically connected to the detection voltage output terminal of the photosensitive detection unit;

[0046] The multi-stage voltage comparator has a first input terminal and multiple second input terminals; the first input terminal is electrically connected to the reference voltage output terminal of the reference voltage circuit; the multiple second input terminals are respectively electrically connected to different output nodes of the voltage divider resistor network. The first input terminal is the inverting input terminal, and the second input terminals are the non-inverting input terminals.

[0047] The main control communication unit 4 includes a microcontroller and a communication chip.

[0048] The microcontroller has multiple comparator signal input terminals and communication control terminals; the multiple comparator signal input terminals are electrically connected one-to-one to the output terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator;

[0049] The communication chip has a data receiving end and a remote bus end; the data receiving end is electrically connected to the communication control end of the microcontroller; the remote bus end is electrically connected to external monitoring equipment.

[0050] Preferably, the infrared photosensitive detection unit 2 includes an infrared photosensitive element and a second potentiometer.

[0051] The first fixed terminal of the second potentiometer is electrically connected to the output terminal of the infrared photosensitive element, its second fixed terminal is grounded, and its sliding terminal is electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage divider resistor network.

[0052] In some embodiments, the infrared photosensitive element may be a photoresistor that is sensitive to changes in infrared light flux. The infrared light emitted by the infrared emitting component is scattered or blocked by dust in the detection area and then received by the infrared photosensitive element. The infrared light flux received by the element changes with the thickness of the dust accumulation. When the dust thickness increases, the blocking or scattering effect is enhanced, the light flux received by the infrared photosensitive element decreases, and its own resistance value increases or decreases accordingly, thereby causing a corresponding voltage change at the detection voltage output terminal of the infrared photosensitive detection unit 2.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the infrared photosensitive element is connected to the first fixed terminal of the second potentiometer P2. The second potentiometer P2 can be an adjustable potentiometer of specification XH2.54-2P. By adjusting the position of its sliding terminal, the voltage division ratio of the output voltage of the infrared photosensitive element can be changed, thereby adjusting the initial signal strength input to the voltage divider resistor network and realizing the adaptation of the detection sensitivity for different dust thicknesses.

[0054] Preferably, the reference voltage unit 1 includes a reference voltage source and a first potentiometer.

[0055] The cathode of the reference voltage source is connected to the power input interface through a second current-limiting resistor, and the anode is grounded.

[0056] The first fixed terminal of the first potentiometer is connected to the reference terminal of the reference voltage source, and the second fixed terminal is grounded.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the power input interface DC1 is a DC005-2.1MM specification power interface, and the input voltage is usually 12V or 5V DC.

[0058] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the reference voltage source U2 can be a TL431 adjustable precision reference voltage chip. Its cathode is connected to the power input interface DC1 through the second current limiting resistor R2, and the anode of the reference voltage source U2 is directly grounded, forming a stable reference voltage output circuit.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first potentiometer P1 can be a potentiometer of specification XH2.54-2P, which is connected to the reference terminal of the reference voltage source U2. By adjusting the resistance value of the first potentiometer P1, the reference voltage value output by the reference voltage source U2 can be finely adjusted to ensure a stable and accurate comparison reference for the multi-stage voltage comparator.

[0060] Preferably, the reference voltage unit 12 further includes a filter circuit, which includes at least two filter capacitors connected in parallel. One end of the filter circuit is electrically connected to the cathode of the reference voltage source, and the other end is electrically connected to ground.

[0061] In some implementations, the reference voltage unit 1 can also be configured with filter capacitors that work in conjunction with the power supply section, including a first filter capacitor C2 and a second filter capacitor C4 connected in parallel. The first filter capacitor C2 can be a 10μF electrolytic capacitor to filter out low-frequency ripple in the power input and stabilize the operating voltage of the reference voltage source. The second filter capacitor C4 can be a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor to quickly absorb high-frequency interference signals and prevent high-frequency noise from affecting the reference voltage output. This improves the comparison accuracy of the multi-stage voltage comparator and reduces the risk of misjudgment during dust detection.

[0062] Preferably, the voltage divider resistor network includes a series branch formed by multiple voltage divider resistors connected in series. One end of the series branch is electrically connected to the sliding terminal of the second potentiometer, and the other end is grounded. The connection nodes of two adjacent voltage divider resistors serve as output nodes of the voltage divider resistor network, and each output node is electrically connected to multiple non-inverting input terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator.

[0063] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the voltage divider resistor network includes multiple voltage divider resistors connected in series, namely voltage divider resistors R3-R6. These resistors are connected in series to form a series branch. One end of this series branch is electrically connected to the sliding terminal of the second potentiometer P2, and the other end is grounded. The connection nodes of adjacent voltage divider resistors serve as output nodes of the voltage divider resistor network. For example, the connection node of voltage divider resistors R3 and R4 is the first output node, the connection node of voltage divider resistors R4 and R5 is the second output node, and the connection node of voltage divider resistors R5 and R6 is the third output node. Each output node is electrically connected to one of the multiple second input terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator.

[0064] The voltage divider resistor network proportionally distributes the detection voltage output from the photosensitive detection unit into multiple graded signals, forming voltage values ​​corresponding to different dust accumulation thickness thresholds. These graded signals adapt to the threshold requirements of multi-stage voltage comparators, providing the comparators with a stepped judgment basis. As a key component of signal processing, it realizes the conversion of the detection signal into graded comparison signals, supporting multi-threshold detection functions.

[0065] Preferably, the microcontroller is an SC8F2892B microcontroller.

[0066] In some embodiments, the multi-stage voltage comparator may be an LM324 quad op-amp comparator.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the multi-stage voltage comparator U1 uses the LM324 quad operational amplifier comparator. This chip integrates four independent operational amplifiers, enabling simultaneous multi-channel voltage comparison. The LM324's power supply pin VCC is connected to the device's DC1 power input interface, and its ground pin GND is connected to the circuit's common ground to ensure stable chip operation.

[0068] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the LM324 quad op-amp comparator has four non-inverting inputs and four inverting inputs. Three of these channels are used as comparators to sequentially compare the photosensitive input voltage with a set threshold.

[0069] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the three non-inverting inputs, namely pins INA+, INB+, and INC+, serve as the second inputs and are electrically connected to different output nodes of the voltage divider network, namely the first output node, the second output node, and the third output node, respectively, to receive the detected voltage signal after voltage division. The three inverting inputs, namely pins INA-, INB-, and INC-, serve as the first inputs and are connected to the reference voltage output of reference voltage unit 1 to receive a stable reference voltage. When the detected voltage of a certain non-inverting input is higher than the reference voltage of the inverting input, the comparator outputs a high level; otherwise, it outputs a low level.

[0070] Each output terminal of the LM324 quad op-amp comparator, namely pins OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3, is electrically connected to one of the comparator signal input terminals of the microcontroller in the main control communication unit 4, transmitting the comparison result, i.e., the high and low level signals, to the microcontroller for processing. Through the multi-channel parallel comparison design of the quad op-amp comparator, multiple dust accumulation thickness thresholds can be judged simultaneously. Combined with the graded signal output of the voltage divider resistor network, the device's efficiency and response speed in graded dust thickness detection are significantly improved.

[0071] Preferably, the dust detection device further includes an LED indicator unit 5, which includes multiple sets of LED driving circuits and multiple sets of color LEDs.

[0072] The input terminals of multiple LED driver circuits are electrically connected one-to-one to the output terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator.

[0073] The anode of a multi-component color LED is connected to the output terminal of the LED driver circuit, while its cathode is grounded.

[0074] Preferably, the LED driving circuit includes multiple NPN transistors, multiple PNP transistors, and multiple first current-limiting resistors.

[0075] Multiple NPN transistors, with the base of each NPN transistor electrically connected to the output terminals of a multi-stage voltage comparator;

[0076] Multiple PNP transistors, with the base of each PNP transistor electrically connected to the collector of the corresponding NPN transistor;

[0077] Multiple first current-limiting resistors are provided, with one end of each first current-limiting resistor connected to the emitter of the corresponding PNP transistor and the other end connected to the anode of the corresponding color LED.

[0078] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the LED indicator unit 5 has multiple LED driving circuits that correspond one-to-one with the color-separated LEDs, specifically configured as three sets to adapt to the three comparison channels of the multi-level voltage comparator U1.

[0079] The first LED driver circuit includes NPN transistor Q1, PNP transistor Q2, and first current-limiting resistor R7, corresponding to LED1. The second LED driver circuit includes NPN transistor Q3, PNP transistor Q4, and first current-limiting resistor R8, corresponding to LED2. The third LED driver circuit includes NPN transistor Q5, PNP transistor Q6, and first current-limiting resistor R9, corresponding to LED3. The three-color LEDs represent different levels of light intensity, used to characterize the low, medium, and high dust accumulation thickness.

[0080] Specifically, each LED driver circuit uses a Darlington configuration to improve driving capability. The base of NPN transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the OUT1 pin of the multi-stage voltage comparator U1 through a current-limiting resistor R10, with its emitter grounded. The collector is electrically connected to the base of PNP transistor Q2 through a resistor R11. The emitter of PNP transistor Q2 is connected to the DC1 power input interface of the device, and its collector is connected to one end of the first current-limiting resistor R7. The other end of R7 is directly connected to the anode of LED1, and the cathode of LED1 is grounded. The connection method of the second and third LED driver circuits is the same as that of the first group, except that the base of Q3 is connected to the OUT2 pin of U1, and the base of Q5 is connected to the OUT3 pin of U1, corresponding to LED2 and LED3 respectively.

[0081] During operation, when the infrared photosensitive detection unit 2 detects a change in the thickness of the accumulated dust, its output detection voltage will change accordingly with the increase in dust thickness. If the voltage value of this photosensitive output voltage, after being divided by the voltage divider resistor network, is input to the non-inverting input of the multi-stage voltage comparator, and is greater than the reference voltage value set by the TL431 reference voltage source in the reference voltage unit 1, the corresponding output terminal of the multi-stage voltage comparator will output a high-level signal.

[0082] The high-level signal is transmitted to the base of the NPN transistor in the LED driver circuit, causing the NPN transistor to meet the conduction condition and enter the conduction state. After the NPN transistor is turned on, its collector potential is pulled low, which in turn triggers the PNP transistor connected to its base to conduct. After the PNP transistor is turned on, the power supply voltage of the device is applied to the anode of the corresponding color LED after being limited by the first current-limiting resistor. The cathode of the LED is grounded. At this time, a forward bias voltage is formed across the LED, which meets the light-emitting condition, and the corresponding LED lights up accordingly, thus visually indicating that the current dust accumulation thickness has reached the threshold level.

[0083] It should be noted that if there are more threshold segmentation requirements in the actual application of the dust detection device, more stages of operational amplifier comparators and a corresponding number of LED indicator units 5 can be selected to achieve this, and it is not limited to this embodiment.

[0084] Preferably, the main control communication unit 4 further includes a status indicator light, the anode of which is connected to the status indicator light driver terminal of the microcontroller through a third current-limiting resistor, and the cathode of which is grounded.

[0085] Preferably, the microcontroller is an SC8F2892B microcontroller.

[0086] Preferably, the communication chip is the MAX485 communication chip.

[0087] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the RA0, RA1, and RA2 pins of the microcontroller are used as comparator signal input terminals, which are directly electrically connected to the OUTA, OUTB, and OUTC output terminals of the LM324 quad op-amp comparator, respectively, for real-time acquisition of level signals representing different dust thickness levels.

[0088] The microcontroller's RB3 pin serves as the serial data transmitter, electrically connected to the DI (data transmit input) pin of the MAX485 communication chip, responsible for transmitting data. The RB2 pin serves as the serial data receiver, electrically connected to the RO (data receive output) pin of the MAX485, used for receiving data. To achieve directional control of the MAX485 communication, the microcontroller's RB1 pin serves as the first control output, electrically connected to the DE (drive enable) pin of the MAX485, and the RB0 pin serves as the second control output, electrically connected to the RE (receive enable) pin of the MAX485. The high and low levels of these two control lines are used to switch the chip's transmit and receive modes.

[0089] The microcontroller's RB5 pin serves as the driver for the status indicator light. It is electrically connected to the anode of LED4 via a current-limiting resistor R19, directly driving the indicator light to display the system's operating status through flashing or constant illumination. For example, the indicator light flashes during normal operation, remains constantly on during communication, and is off during a fault.

[0090] The VDD pin of the microcontroller is connected to the positive power supply, and the VSS pin is grounded to provide power for the chip to operate.

[0091] During operation, the microcontroller continuously scans the level status of the RA0-RA2 pins to determine the current dust thickness level. After packaging the data, it sends it to the remote monitoring terminal via the MAX485 chip through the RB3 pin. At the same time, it controls the output level of the RB5 pin according to the communication status to drive the LED4 for corresponding indication, thereby realizing the integrated function of real-time dust thickness detection, remote data transmission and status monitoring.

[0092] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the technical solution of the present utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A dust detection device, characterized by include: The infrared photosensitive detection unit has a detection voltage output terminal; The reference voltage unit has a reference voltage output terminal; The signal comparison unit includes: A voltage divider resistor network, the input of which is electrically connected to the detection voltage output of the photosensitive detection unit; A multi-stage voltage comparator has multiple inverting input terminals and multiple non-inverting input terminals; the multiple inverting input terminals are respectively electrically connected to the reference voltage output terminal of the reference voltage unit; the multiple non-inverting input terminals are respectively electrically connected to different output nodes of the voltage divider resistor network. The main control communication unit includes: The microcontroller has multiple comparator signal input terminals and a communication control terminal; the multiple comparator signal input terminals are electrically connected one-to-one to the output terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator. The communication chip has a data receiving end and a remote bus end; the data receiving end is electrically connected to the communication control end of the microcontroller; the remote bus end is electrically connected to an external monitoring device.

2. The dust detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an LED indicator unit, which comprises: Multiple LED driver circuits, whose input terminals are electrically connected one-to-one to the output terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator; The multi-component color LED has its anode electrically connected to the output terminal of the LED driver circuit, and its cathode grounded.

3. The dust detection apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The LED driving circuit includes: Multiple NPN transistors, with the base of each NPN transistor electrically connected to the output terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator; Multiple PNP transistors, wherein the base of each PNP transistor is electrically connected to the collector of the corresponding NPN transistor; Multiple first current-limiting resistors are provided, with one end of each first current-limiting resistor connected to the emitter of the corresponding PNP transistor and the other end connected to the anode of the corresponding color-separated LED.

4. The dust detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by The reference voltage unit includes: The reference voltage source has its cathode connected to the power input interface through a second current-limiting resistor, and its anode grounded. The first potentiometer has its first fixed terminal connected to the reference terminal of the reference voltage source, and its second fixed terminal grounded.

5. The dust detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The infrared photosensitive detection unit includes: Infrared photosensitive element; The second potentiometer has its first fixed terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the infrared photosensitive element, its second fixed terminal grounded, and its sliding terminal electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage divider resistor network.

6. The dust detection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein The voltage divider resistor network includes a series branch formed by multiple series-connected voltage divider resistors. One end of the series branch is electrically connected to the sliding terminal of the second potentiometer, and the other end is grounded. The connection nodes of two adjacent voltage divider resistors serve as output nodes of the voltage divider resistor network, and each output node is electrically connected to multiple non-inverting input terminals of the multi-stage voltage comparator.

7. The dust detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein The main control communication unit also includes a status indicator light. The anode of the status indicator light is connected to the status indicator light driver terminal of the microcontroller through a third current-limiting resistor, and the cathode of the status indicator light is grounded.

8. The dust detection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein The reference voltage unit further includes a filter circuit, which includes at least two filter capacitors connected in parallel. One end of the filter circuit is electrically connected to the cathode of the reference voltage source, and the other end is electrically connected to ground.

9. The dust detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein The microcontroller is an SC8F2892B microcontroller.

10. The dust detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein The communication chip is the MAX485 communication chip.

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