A device for detecting rail damage using piezoelectric sensor excited symmetric ultrasonic guided wave modes

Abstract

The utility model discloses a piezoelectric sensor excitation symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode detection rail damage device belongs to piezoelectric sensor detection technical field, including rail waist testing mechanism, rail bottom testing mechanism and rail top testing mechanism, rail waist testing mechanism, rail bottom testing mechanism and rail top testing mechanism all include support, coupling piece, piezoelectric sensor and limiting component, and two limiting components are connected on the support symmetrically, and two limiting components are located at the both sides of track respectively, and the end of limiting component is connected with piezoelectric sensor, and coupling piece is fixed on the track symmetrically, and piezoelectric sensor is tightly pressed in the side of coupling piece through limiting component. The utility model can press the piezoelectric sensor stably on the different positions of track, and improves the precision of track detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of piezoelectric sensor detection technology, and in particular to a device for detecting rail damage by exciting symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode using a piezoelectric sensor. Background Technology

[0002] During transportation, the rails in railway structures are subjected to alternating loads from the wheels for a long time. As the rails accumulate damage, the damage gradually expands into macroscopic cracks, and in severe cases, it can even lead to rail breakage, endangering the safety of railway operations. Therefore, rail defect detection is particularly important.

[0003] Currently, devices for detecting rail damage based on ultrasonic guided waves mainly include magnetostrictive sensors, laser ultrasonic sensors, and air-coupled ultrasonic sensors. These devices do not yet meet the requirements for rapid, safe, and reliable detection of rail damage. Piezoelectric sensors, with their high electromechanical coupling coefficient and wide frequency response range, are ideal ultrasonic guided wave excitation devices. However, the installation of piezoelectric sensors places certain requirements on the coupling condition and stable pressure of the test object, and exciting specific guided wave modes are also problems that need to be solved.

[0004] Therefore, those skilled in the art urgently need to provide a rail damage detection device based on a piezoelectric sensor-excited symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode, which can stably press the piezoelectric sensor onto different positions on the track, thereby improving the accuracy of track detection. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a piezoelectric sensor-excited symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode detection device for rail damage, which can stably press the piezoelectric sensor onto different positions on the track, thereby improving the accuracy of track detection.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a piezoelectric sensor-excited symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode detection device for rail damage, including a rail web testing mechanism, a rail base testing mechanism, and a rail top testing mechanism. Each of the rail web testing mechanism, rail base testing mechanism, and rail top testing mechanism includes a bracket, a coupling plate, a piezoelectric sensor, and a limiting component. Two limiting components are symmetrically connected to the bracket, and the two limiting components are respectively located on both sides of the rail. The end of each limiting component is connected to a piezoelectric sensor. The coupling plate is symmetrically fixed on the rail, and the piezoelectric sensor is tightly pressed against the side of the coupling plate by the limiting component.

[0007] Preferably, the limiting assembly includes a screw, a washer, a spring, and a ball joint assembly. One end of the screw is ball-jointed to one side of the washer via the ball joint assembly, and a piezoelectric sensor is fixedly connected to the other side of the washer. The spring is fitted onto the screw, with one end fixedly connected to one side of the washer and the other end fixedly connected to the inner side of the top of the bracket.

[0008] Preferably, the bracket is U-shaped, and threaded holes are provided at the top of both ends of the bracket, and the screw is threaded into the threaded holes.

[0009] Preferably, a handle is fixedly connected to the other end of the screw, and the handle is circular.

[0010] Preferably, the track is I-shaped.

[0011] Preferably, the piezoelectric sensor includes a piezoelectric excitation sensor and a piezoelectric receiving sensor, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the track.

[0012] The advantages and positive effects of the piezoelectric sensor-excited symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode detection device for rail damage described in this utility model are as follows:

[0013] 1. By rotating the handle, the screw is driven to rotate. The rotation of the screw causes the piezoelectric sensor to move axially, thereby making the piezoelectric sensor fit tightly against the coupling plate. The operation is simple and convenient, making the installation and debugging process of the device more efficient.

[0014] 2. Through the multi-directional rotation function of the ball joint assembly, the shim can be flexibly adjusted to ensure that the piezoelectric sensor can make precise contact with the coupling plates at different positions on the track.

[0015] 3. The coupling sheet is made of flexible vulcanized rubber material, which reduces the contact between the piezoelectric sensor and the track, greatly extends the service life of the piezoelectric sensor, and avoids the pollution of the track caused by the coupling agent used in the existing technology.

[0016] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rail web testing mechanism of a piezoelectric sensor-excited symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode detection device for rail damage according to this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rail base testing mechanism of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rail-top testing mechanism of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting component of this utility model.

[0021] Figure Labels

[0022] 1. Track; 2. Bracket; 3. Piezoelectric sensor; 4. Coupler; 5. Limiting assembly; 6. Screw; 7. Handle; 8. Washer; 9. Spring; 10. Ball joint assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] In this application, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning set forth in this specification or derived from the content described herein shall prevail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0025] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a piezoelectric sensor-excited symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode detection device for rail damage includes a rail web testing mechanism, a rail base testing mechanism, and a rail top testing mechanism. Each of the rail web, rail base, and rail top testing mechanisms includes a support 2, a coupling plate 4, a piezoelectric sensor 3, and limiting components 5. Two limiting components 5 are symmetrically connected to the support 2, and are located on opposite sides of the rail 1. The piezoelectric sensor 3 is connected to the end of each limiting component 5. The coupling plate 4 is symmetrically fixed to the rail 1, and the piezoelectric sensor 3 is tightly pressed against the side of the coupling plate 4 by the limiting components 5.

[0027] Specifically, the coupling plate 4 is made of flexible vulcanized rubber material, which reduces the contact between the piezoelectric sensor 3 and the track 1, greatly extends the service life of the piezoelectric sensor 3, and avoids the contamination of the track 1 caused by the coupling agent used in the prior art.

[0028] Specifically, the device adopts a symmetrical design to ensure that the excited ultrasonic guided wave mode is the required symmetrical mode.

[0029] The limiting assembly 5 includes a screw 6, a washer 8, a spring 9, and a ball joint assembly 10. One end of the screw 6 is ball-jointed to one side of the washer 8 via the ball joint assembly 10, and a piezoelectric sensor 3 is fixedly connected to the other side of the washer 8. The spring 9 is fitted onto the screw 6, with one end fixedly connected to one side of the washer 8 and the other end fixedly connected to the inner side of the top of the bracket 2.

[0030] Specifically, spring 9 ensures that the pressure between piezoelectric sensor 3 and coupling plate 4 remains stable, avoiding adverse effects on the piezoelectric sensor due to pressure fluctuations, and improving the accuracy and reliability of rail damage detection.

[0031] Specifically, the ball joint assembly 10 includes a ball head and a ball seat. The ball head is fixed to the end of the screw 6, and the ball seat is disposed on the side of the washer 8. The ball head is ball-jointed inside the ball seat, so that the end of the screw 6 is ball-jointed with the washer 8. This is the existing structure. Through the multi-directional rotation function of the ball joint assembly, the washer 8 can flexibly adjust its angle, thereby ensuring that the piezoelectric sensor 3 can achieve precise contact with the coupling piece 4 at different positions on the track.

[0032] The bracket 2 is U-shaped, and threaded holes are opened at the top of both ends of the bracket 2. The screw 6 is threaded into the threaded holes.

[0033] Specifically, rotating the handle 7 drives the screw 6 to rotate. During this process, the bracket 2 remains in a fixed position, and the rotation of the screw 6 causes the piezoelectric sensor 3 to move axially, thereby making the piezoelectric sensor 3 fit tightly against the coupling plate 4.

[0034] A handle 7 is also fixedly connected to the other end of the screw 6. The handle 7 is round.

[0035] Track 1 is I-shaped. Specifically, the rail web testing mechanism, rail base testing mechanism, and rail top testing mechanism correspond to the rail web, rail base, and rail top of the track, respectively.

[0036] The piezoelectric sensor 3 includes a piezoelectric excitation sensor and a piezoelectric receiving sensor, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the track 1.

[0037] Specifically, the excitation and reception of ultrasonic guided waves also includes an ultrasonic testing system, a load, an attenuator, a dual controller, a preamplifier, an oscilloscope, a piezoelectric excitation sensor, and a piezoelectric receiving sensor, as well as BNC connectors for the piezoelectric sensors. The load, attenuator, and dual controller are connected to the BNC data signal line on the piezoelectric excitation sensor, and the preamplifier is connected to the BNC data signal line on the piezoelectric receiving sensor. The oscilloscope is connected to the ultrasonic testing system. The principle of ultrasonic guided wave excitation and reception is existing technology and will not be elaborated further.

[0038] The usage process of this utility model is as follows:

[0039] First, determine the waveguide mode that needs to be excited, and then determine the installation position of the piezoelectric sensor 3 on the track 1 according to the mode, and then select a suitable bracket 2.

[0040] Next, the coupling plate 4 is installed at the designated position on the track 1, then the bracket 2 is installed and the limiting component 5 is connected to the bracket 2, and the piezoelectric sensor 3 is installed at the end of the gasket 8 in the limiting component 5.

[0041] Then, the excitation signal is processed by the attenuator and dual controller through the BNC connection line and input into the piezoelectric excitation sensor. The excitation force is then applied to the track 1 through the coupling plate 4.

[0042] A piezoelectric receiving sensor is placed at the other end of track 1 to receive guided wave signals. The received signal is processed by a preamplifier and then acquired through the receiving channel of the ultrasonic testing system. Finally, the signal is displayed and stored on an oscilloscope connected to the ultrasonic testing system, and analyzed using guided wave signal processing software, thus completing the detection of track 1.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solution of this utility model, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for detecting rail damage using a piezoelectric sensor-excited symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode, characterized in that: The system includes a rail waist testing mechanism, a rail bottom testing mechanism, and a rail top testing mechanism. Each of the three mechanisms includes a support, a coupling plate, a piezoelectric sensor, and a limiting component. Two limiting components are symmetrically connected to the support and are located on opposite sides of the rail. A piezoelectric sensor is connected to the end of each limiting component. The coupling plate is symmetrically fixed to the rail, and the piezoelectric sensor is pressed tightly against the side of the coupling plate by the limiting component.

2. A device for detecting rail damage by exciting symmetric ultrasonic guided wave modes using piezoelectric transducers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting assembly includes a screw, a washer, a spring, and a ball joint assembly. One end of the screw is ball-jointed to one side of the washer via the ball joint assembly, and a piezoelectric sensor is fixedly connected to the other side of the washer. The spring is fitted onto the screw, with one end fixedly connected to one side of the washer and the other end fixedly connected to the inner side of the top of the bracket.

3. A device for detecting rail damage by exciting symmetric ultrasonic guided wave modes using a piezoelectric transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket is U-shaped, and threaded holes are provided at the top of both ends of the bracket. The screw is threaded into the threaded holes.

4. The piezoelectric sensor-excited symmetrical ultrasonic guided wave mode detection device for rail damage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The other end of the screw is also fixedly connected to a handle, which is circular.

5. A piezoelectric sensor excited symmetric ultrasonic guided wave mode rail damage detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track is I-shaped.

6. A piezoelectric sensor excited symmetric ultrasonic guided wave mode rail damage detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric sensor includes a piezoelectric excitation sensor and a piezoelectric receiving sensor, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the track.

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