High-efficiency copper pipe bending machine

By designing an installation platform, connecting a limiting mechanism, and a pushing and bending mechanism, the high-efficiency copper tube bending machine solves the problem of frequent mold replacement in existing copper tube bending machines, and achieves simplified operation and reduced costs in copper tube bending.

CN224463490UActive Publication Date: 2026-07-07FOSHAN KAILING METAL TECH CO LTD

Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
FOSHAN KAILING METAL TECH CO LTD
Filing Date
2025-08-05
Publication Date
2026-07-07

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing copper tube bending machines require different molds for 90-degree or U-shaped bends, resulting in high bending costs and inconvenient operation.

Method used

A high-efficiency copper tube bending machine has been designed, comprising a mounting platform, a connecting limiting mechanism, a connecting bending component, and a connecting pushing bending mechanism. Through the cooperation of these components, the bending method of the copper tube can be adjusted according to the requirements to achieve 90-degree or U-shaped bending, and supports the quick replacement and disassembly of copper tubes of different sizes.

Benefits of technology

It achieves ease of operation and adaptability in copper tube bending, and can quickly change molds to meet the needs of copper tubes of different sizes, thus reducing bending costs.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of high-efficiency copper pipe bending machine in copper pipe bending technical field, comprising: mounting table, its bottom end is fixed with support column, its top is symmetrically provided with threaded mounting hole;Connecting limiting mechanism, it is fixed on the top of the mounting table by bolt;Connecting bending assembly, it is movably clamped in the inside of the connecting limiting mechanism;Connecting push material bending mechanism, it is on the top of the mounting table by bolt, the connecting limiting mechanism includes the connecting limiting frame symmetrically arranged on the top of mounting table by bolt, by the intercoordination between the connecting limiting mechanism, connecting bending assembly and connecting push material bending mechanism, connecting push material bending mechanism can be adjusted according to actual bending requirement, so that connecting push material bending mechanism is bent, and cooperates with connecting bending assembly, copper pipe is bent by ninety degrees or U-shaped, and it is easy to operate.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of copper tube bending technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine. Background Technology

[0002] Copper tubing, also known as red copper tubing, is a type of non-ferrous metal tubing, consisting of seamless pressed and drawn tubes. Copper tubing possesses excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, making it a primary material for conductive and heat dissipation components in electronic products. It exhibits strong corrosion resistance, is not easily oxidized, and does not readily react chemically with certain liquids. Furthermore, it is easily bent and shaped. During the production and processing of copper tubing, bending devices are required to perform the bending process.

[0003] Existing copper pipe bending machines often require bending air conditioning copper pipes at 90 degrees or in a U-shape, necessitating the use of different molds and increasing bending costs. Therefore, we propose a high-efficiency copper pipe bending machine. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine, which can solve the problems existing in the background art.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is:

[0006] A high-efficiency copper tube bending machine, comprising:

[0007] The mounting platform has a support column fixed at its bottom and threaded mounting holes symmetrically opened at its top.

[0008] A connecting limiting mechanism is fixed to the top of the mounting platform by bolts;

[0009] The connecting bending assembly is movably locked inside the connecting limiting mechanism;

[0010] The material pushing and bending mechanism is connected and is bolted to the top of the mounting platform.

[0011] In a further technical solution, the connecting limiting mechanism includes a connecting limiting frame symmetrically mounted on the top of the mounting platform by bolts. A first support leg is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting limiting frame. A connecting support block is fixedly provided on the top outer side of the connecting limiting frame. A threaded mounting hole is opened at the outer end of the connecting limiting frame. A movable locking block is movably inserted into the inner side of the connecting limiting frame. A first connecting end block is fixedly connected to one end of the movable locking block. A connecting handle is fixedly connected to the side of the first connecting end block away from the movable locking block. A through hole is opened at the end of the first connecting end block. The end of the first connecting end block and the end of the connecting limiting frame are connected and fixed by bolts.

[0012] In a further technical solution, the connecting bending assembly includes a connecting mounting base block, the connecting mounting base block having a T-shaped cross-section, and a bending head fixedly connected to the top of the connecting mounting base block.

[0013] In a further technical solution, the connecting pusher bending mechanism includes a second leg symmetrically mounted on the top of the mounting platform by bolts. One end of the second leg is fixedly connected to a connecting mounting base plate. A third leg is symmetrically mounted on the top of the connecting mounting base plate by bolts. A first sleeve block is fixedly connected to one end of the third leg. A fixed guide groove is symmetrically opened on the top of the other end of the connecting mounting base plate. A movable mounting guide block is movably connected to the inner side of the fixed guide groove. A second sleeve block is fixedly connected to the top of the movable mounting guide block. An electric telescopic rod is fixedly mounted inside both the first and second sleeve blocks. A connecting push head is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric telescopic rod. A connecting positioning component is mounted on the outer side of the second sleeve block away from the connecting push head by bolts.

[0014] In a further technical solution, the connecting push head includes a connecting sleeve block, a fourth leg fixedly connected to the top of the connecting sleeve block, a movable insert block movably inserted into the inner side of the connecting sleeve block, a fifth leg fixedly connected to the top of the movable insert block, a fixed connecting frame fixedly connected to one side of the movable insert block, a connecting roller movably connected to the inner side of the end of the fixed connecting frame via a connecting shaft, a fixed reinforcing block fixedly provided on the inner side of the fixed connecting frame, and a fastening bolt provided between the fourth leg and the fifth leg.

[0015] In a further technical solution, the connection positioning assembly includes a connection mounting arm, a second connection end block is fixedly connected to one side of the connection mounting arm, a fixing groove is provided on one side of the second connection end block, a threaded sleeve is fixedly connected to one side of the second connection end block, a threaded rod is movably provided inside the threaded sleeve and inside the second connection end block, the threaded rod and the threaded sleeve are connected by threads, a rotating end plate is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded rod, a connection push-pull plate is fixedly connected to the other end of the threaded rod, a movable sleeve block is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the connection push-pull plate, and a connection anti-slip plate is fixedly connected to one side of the movable sleeve block.

[0016] In a further technical solution, the cross-sectional shape of the movable mounting guide block is T-shaped, and the outer surface of the movable mounting guide block slides and fits against the inner side of the fixed guide groove.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0018] 1. Through the cooperation between the connection limiting mechanism, the connection bending component and the connection pushing bending mechanism, the connection pushing bending mechanism can be adjusted according to the actual bending requirements. When the connection pushing bending mechanism is bending, it cooperates with the connection bending component to perform 90-degree or U-shaped bending processing on the copper tube, which is convenient to operate.

[0019] 2. In actual use, when bending copper tubes of different sizes, this utility model can adjust the connecting limiting mechanism, thereby enabling quick disassembly and replacement of the connecting bending assembly. It can also disassemble and replace the internal pushing bending component of the connecting pushing bending mechanism, thus enabling quick bending of copper tubes of different sizes. The structure is simple and the operation is convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection and limiting mechanism structure of a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting pusher bending mechanism of a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This invention relates to a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine. Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection and positioning component structure of a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the 90-degree bending structure of a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Mounting platform;

[0028] 2. Connecting limit mechanism; 21. Connecting limit frame; 22. First support leg; 23. Connecting support block; 24. Movable locking block; 25. First connecting end block; 26. Connecting handle;

[0029] 3. Connect the bending assembly; 31. Connect the mounting base block; 32. Bending head;

[0030] 4. Connect the material pushing and bending mechanism; 41. Connect the mounting base plate; 42. Second support leg; 43. Third support leg; 44. First sleeve block; 45. Electric telescopic rod; 46. Connect the push head; 47. Fix the guide groove; 48. Movable mounting guide block; 49. Second sleeve block; 410. Connect the positioning assembly;

[0031] 461. Connecting sleeve block; 462. Fourth support leg; 463. Movable insert block; 464. Fifth support leg; 465. Fixed connecting frame; 466. Fixed reinforcing block; 467. Connecting roller; 468. Fastening bolt;

[0032] 4101. Connecting mounting arm; 4102. Second connecting end block; 4103. Fixing groove; 4104. Threaded sleeve; 4105. Threaded rod; 4106. Rotating end plate; 4107. Connecting push-pull plate; 4108. Movable sleeve block; 4109. Connecting anti-slip plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Example:

[0035] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a high-efficiency copper tube bending machine includes:

[0036] Mounting platform 1 has a support column fixed at its bottom end and threaded mounting holes symmetrically opened at its top.

[0037] The connecting limit mechanism 2 is fixed to the top of the mounting platform 1 by bolts;

[0038] The connecting bending assembly 3 is movably locked inside the connecting limiting mechanism 2;

[0039] The material pushing and bending mechanism 4 is connected and is bolted to the top of the mounting platform 1.

[0040] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows:

[0041] During use, the copper tube and the connecting bending assembly 3 are brought together. Then, under the action of the connecting pushing bending mechanism 4, both ends of the copper tube are pushed to bend the copper tube into a U-shape. At the same time, the connecting pushing bending mechanism 4 is adjusted to fix one end of the copper tube to the connecting bending assembly 3. Then, the other end of the copper tube is pushed to bend the copper tube at a 90-degree angle, which improves the overall practicality and makes the operation convenient.

[0042] In another embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, the connecting limiting mechanism 2 includes a connecting limiting frame 21 symmetrically mounted on the top of the mounting platform 1 by bolts. A first support leg 22 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting limiting frame 21. A connecting support block 23 is fixedly provided on the top outer side of the connecting limiting frame 21. A threaded mounting hole is opened at the outer end of the connecting limiting frame 21. A movable locking block 24 is movably inserted into the inner side of the connecting limiting frame 21. A first connecting end block 25 is fixedly connected to one end of the movable locking block 24. A connecting handle 26 is fixedly connected to the side of the first connecting end block 25 away from the movable locking block 24. A through hole is opened at the end of the first connecting end block 25. The end of the first connecting end block 25 is connected and fixed to the end of the connecting limiting frame 21 by bolts.

[0043] This allows the bottom of the connecting bending assembly 3 to be easily inserted into the inner side of the connecting limiting frame 21. Then, the movable locking block 24 is inserted into the inner side of the connecting limiting frame 21, so that the first connecting end block 25 can be fitted onto the outer side of the end surface of the connecting limiting frame 21. The first connecting end block 25 and the connecting limiting frame 21 are then connected and fixed with bolts, which can stably install and fix the connecting bending assembly 3 as a whole, so that the connecting bending assembly 3 can be used stably and is easy to operate.

[0044] In another embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the connecting bending assembly 3 includes a connecting mounting base 31, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting mounting base 31 is T-shaped, and a bending head 32 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting mounting base 31.

[0045] The connecting and mounting base 31 can be locked inside the connecting and limiting frame 21. Then, the movable locking block 24 can be inserted into the inner end of the connecting and limiting frame 21. The first connecting end block 25 is connected and fixed to the connecting and limiting frame 21 by bolts, so that the connecting and mounting base 31 can be stably positioned inside the connecting and limiting frame 21, so that the bending head 32 can be used stably and is easy to operate.

[0046] In another embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the connecting pusher bending mechanism 4 includes a second support leg 42 symmetrically mounted on the top of the mounting platform 1 by bolts. One end of the second support leg 42 is fixedly connected to a connecting mounting base plate 41. A third support leg 43 is symmetrically mounted on the top end of the connecting mounting base plate 41 by bolts. One end of the third support leg 43 is fixedly connected to a first sleeve block 44. A fixed guide groove 47 is symmetrically opened on the top other end of the connecting mounting base plate 41. A movable mounting guide block 48 is movably connected to the inner side of the fixed guide groove 47. A second sleeve block 49 is fixedly connected to the top of the movable mounting guide block 48. An electric telescopic rod 45 is fixedly mounted inside both the first sleeve block 44 and the second sleeve block 49. A connecting push head 46 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric telescopic rod 45. A connecting positioning assembly 410 is bolted to the outer side of the second sleeve block 49 away from the connecting push head 46.

[0047] The electric telescopic rod 45 facilitates the pushing of the connecting push head 46, enabling the pushing of both ends of the copper tube to perform a U-shaped bend. When a 90-degree bend is required, the second set of blocks 49 moves the connecting positioning component 410 and the movable mounting guide block 48, causing the movable mounting guide block 48 to move inside the fixed guide groove 47. Simultaneously, the connecting positioning component 410 moves outside the connecting mounting base plate 41. After adjustment, the connecting positioning component 410 is adjusted to connect and fix the connecting mounting base plate 41, and the second set of blocks 49 is fixed. Then, the electric telescopic rod 45 located inside the second set of blocks 49 pushes the connecting push head 46, cooperating with the bending head 32 to clamp and fix one end of the copper tube. Then, the connecting push head 46 located inside the first set of blocks 44 pushes the other end of the copper tube, thereby enabling a 90-degree bend in the copper tube. The operation is convenient and quick.

[0048] In another embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the connecting push head 46 includes a connecting sleeve block 461. A fourth support leg 462 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting sleeve block 461. A movable insert block 463 is movably inserted into the inner side of the connecting sleeve block 461. A fifth support leg 464 is fixedly connected to the top of the movable insert block 463. A fixed connecting frame 465 is fixedly connected to one side of the movable insert block 463. A connecting roller 467 is movably connected to the inner side of the end of the fixed connecting frame 465 through a connecting shaft. A fixed reinforcing block 466 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the fixed connecting frame 465. A fastening bolt 468 is provided between the fourth support leg 462 and the fifth support leg 464.

[0049] It facilitates the rotation and disassembly of the fastening bolt 468, and allows the movement of the fixed connecting frame 465, connecting roller 467, fixed reinforcing block 466, movable insert block 463 and fifth support leg 464, so that the movable insert block 463 can be pulled out from the inside of the connecting sleeve block 461. This enables the connecting roller 467 to be quickly replaced according to different sizes of copper tubes, making the operation convenient and quick.

[0050] In another embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the connection positioning assembly 410 includes a connection mounting arm 4101. A second connection end block 4102 is fixedly connected to one side of the connection mounting arm 4101. A fixing groove 4103 is provided on one side of the second connection end block 4102. A threaded sleeve 4104 is fixedly connected to one side of the second connection end block 4102. A threaded rod 4105 is movably provided inside the threaded sleeve 4104 and inside the second connection end block 4102. The threaded rod 4105 and the threaded sleeve 4104 are connected by threads. A rotating end plate 4106 is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded rod 4105. A connection push-pull plate 4107 is fixedly connected to the other end of the threaded rod 4105. A movable sleeve block 4108 is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the connection push-pull plate 4107. A connection anti-slip plate 4109 is fixedly connected to one side of the movable sleeve block 4108.

[0051] The rotating end plate 4106 is convenient to rotate, which drives the threaded rod 4105 and the connecting push-pull plate 4107 to rotate. This allows the threaded rod 4105 to rotate and move inside the threaded sleeve 4104, while the connecting push-pull plate 4107 can rotate inside the movable sleeve block 4108. The connecting push-pull plate 4107 can also move the movable sleeve block 4108 and the connecting anti-slip plate 4109, allowing the connecting anti-slip plate 4109 to be pressed against the connecting mounting base plate 41 for connection and fixation. The operation is convenient and quick.

[0052] In another embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the movable mounting guide block 48 is T-shaped, and the outer surface of the movable mounting guide block 48 slides and fits against the inner side of the fixed guide groove 47.

[0053] The guide block 48 is designed to be movable and can move stably inside the fixed guide groove 47, thereby enabling stable adjustment.

[0054] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: During use, the copper tube is fitted against the inner side of the bending head 32. At the same time, the electric telescopic rod 45 located inside the first set block 44 and the second set block 49 pushes the connecting push head 46, allowing the connecting push head 46 to push both ends of the copper tube. This cooperates with the bending head 32 to bend the copper tube. When bending copper tubes of different sizes, the bolts between the first connecting end block 25 and the connecting limiting frame 21 are first rotated and disassembled, causing the connecting handle 26 to be pulled. This moves the first connecting end block 25 and the movable locking block 24, causing the movable locking block 24 to be pulled out from the inner side of the connecting limiting frame 21, and the connecting mounting base block is then removed. 31 and bending head 32 are pulled out from the inside of the connecting limiting frame 21 for disassembly and replacement. After replacement, the connecting mounting base block 31 is inserted into the inside of the connecting limiting frame 21. Then, the movable locking block 24 is inserted into the inside of the end of the connecting limiting frame 21, and the end of the first connecting end block 25 and the end of the connecting limiting frame 21 are connected and fixed with bolts. Then, the fastening bolt 468 is rotated to disassemble, and the fourth support leg 462 and the fifth support leg 464 are disassembled. Then, the movable insert block 463, the fixed connecting frame 465, the fixed reinforcing block 466, and the connecting roller 467 are disassembled and replaced, so that the connecting roller 467 can be adapted to the copper tube, thereby enabling the use of copper tubes of different sizes. When bending is required, and the copper tube needs to be bent at a 90-degree angle, the second sleeve block 49 moves the connecting positioning component 410 and the movable mounting guide block 48, causing the movable mounting guide block 48 to move inside the fixed guide groove 47. Simultaneously, the connecting positioning component 410 moves outside the connecting mounting base plate 41, aligning the center edge of the connecting roller 467 with the center edge of the bending head 32. Then, the rotating end plate 4106 rotates, causing the threaded rod 4105 and the connecting push-pull plate 4107 to rotate. This allows the threaded rod 4105 to rotate and move inside the threaded sleeve 4104, while the connecting push-pull plate 4107 moves within the movable sleeve block 4108. The inner side rotates, and the connecting push-pull plate 4107 can move the movable sleeve 4108 and the connecting anti-slip plate 4109, so that the connecting anti-slip plate 4109 can be squeezed between the connecting mounting base plate 41, thereby connecting and fixing. Finally, the electric telescopic rod 45 located inside the second sleeve 49 pushes the connecting push head 46 as a whole, so that the connecting roller 467 and the bending head 32 clamp and fix one end of the copper tube. The electric telescopic rod 45 inside the first sleeve 44 pushes the connecting push head 46 as a whole, which can push the other end of the copper tube and cooperate with the bending head 32, thereby enabling the copper tube to be bent at ninety degrees. The overall structure is simple and the operation is convenient and quick.

[0055] The above embodiments merely illustrate specific implementations of this utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency copper tube bending machine, characterized in that, include: Mounting platform (1), with a support column fixed at its bottom and threaded mounting holes symmetrically opened at its top; The connecting limiting mechanism (2) is fixed to the top of the mounting platform (1) by bolts; The connecting bending assembly (3) is movably locked inside the connecting limiting mechanism (2); The material pushing and bending mechanism (4) is connected and is bolted to the top of the mounting platform (1).

2. The high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection limiting mechanism (2) includes a connection limiting frame (21) symmetrically mounted on the top of the mounting platform (1) by bolts. The end of the connection limiting frame (21) is fixedly connected to a first support leg (22). The top outer side of the connection limiting frame (21) is fixedly provided with a connection support block (23). The outer end of the connection limiting frame (21) is provided with a threaded mounting hole. The inner side of the connection limiting frame (21) is movably inserted with a movable locking block (24). One end of the movable locking block (24) is fixedly connected to a first connecting end block (25). The side of the first connecting end block (25) away from the movable locking block (24) is fixedly connected to a connecting handle (26). The end of the first connecting end block (25) is provided with a through hole. The end of the first connecting end block (25) and the end of the connection limiting frame (21) are connected and fixed by bolts.

3. The high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting bending assembly (3) includes a connecting mounting base block (31), the connecting mounting base block (31) has a T-shaped cross-section, and a bending head (32) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting mounting base block (31).

4. The high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting pusher bending mechanism (4) includes a second leg (42) symmetrically mounted on the top of the mounting platform (1) by bolts. One end of the second leg (42) is fixedly connected to a connecting mounting base plate (41). The top end of the connecting mounting base plate (41) is symmetrically provided with a third leg (43) by bolts. One end of the third leg (43) is fixedly connected to a first sleeve block (44). The other end of the top of the connecting mounting base plate (41) is symmetrically provided with a fixed guide groove (47). The inner side of the fixed guide groove (47) is movably connected to a movable mounting guide block (48). The top of the movable mounting guide block (48) is fixedly connected to a second sleeve block (49). The first sleeve block (44) and the second sleeve block (49) are both fixedly provided with an electric telescopic rod (45). The output end of the electric telescopic rod (45) is fixedly connected to a connecting push head (46). The outer side of the second sleeve block (49) away from the connecting push head (46) is provided with a connecting positioning component (410) by bolts.

5. The high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting pusher (46) includes a connecting sleeve (461), a fourth leg (462) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting sleeve (461), a movable plug (463) is movably inserted into the inner side of the connecting sleeve (461), a fifth leg (464) is fixedly connected to the top of the movable plug (463), a fixed connecting frame (465) is fixedly connected to one side of the movable plug (463), a connecting roller (467) is movably connected to the inner side of the end of the fixed connecting frame (465) through a connecting shaft, a fixed reinforcing block (466) is fixedly provided on the inner side of the fixed connecting frame (465), and a fastening bolt (468) is provided between the fourth leg (462) and the fifth leg (464).

6. The high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting positioning assembly (410) includes a connecting mounting arm (4101), a second connecting end block (4102) is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting mounting arm (4101), a fixing groove (4103) is provided on one side of the second connecting end block (4102), a threaded sleeve (4104) is fixedly connected to one side of the second connecting end block (4102), and a threaded rod (4) is movably provided inside the threaded sleeve (4104) and inside the second connecting end block (4102). 105), the threaded rod (4105) and the threaded sleeve (4104) are connected by threads. One end of the threaded rod (4105) is fixedly connected to a rotating end plate (4106), and the other end of the threaded rod (4105) is fixedly connected to a connecting push-pull plate (4107). A movable sleeve block (4108) is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the connecting push-pull plate (4107), and a connecting anti-slip plate (4109) is fixedly connected to one side of the movable sleeve block (4108).

7. The high-efficiency copper tube bending machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The movable mounting guide block (48) has a T-shaped cross-section, and the outer surface of the movable mounting guide block (48) slides and fits against the inner surface of the fixed guide groove (47).