A soil greenhouse gas simulation culture device integrating control and temperature control functions

Abstract

The utility model belongs to soil culture device technical field, especially related to a soil greenhouse gas simulation culture device with integrated control water temperature control function. Its technical scheme is: a soil greenhouse gas simulation culture device with integrated control water temperature control function, including culture cavity, culture cavity is equipped with soil, the top of culture cavity is connected with sealed top cover, is connected with micro drip irrigation control water system and heating temperature control module on sealed top cover, still be provided with gas collection interface on sealed top cover. The utility model aims at providing a soil greenhouse gas simulation culture device with integrated micro drip irrigation control water, modular temperature control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of soil cultivation devices, and specifically relates to a soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device that integrates water control and temperature control functions. Background Technology

[0002] Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third largest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane, with a warming potential nearly 300 times that of CO2, and its emissions are particularly significant in agricultural soils and arid ecosystems. Numerous studies have shown that N2O production and release are highly dependent on nitrification and denitrification by soil microorganisms, processes controlled by key environmental factors such as soil moisture and temperature. With the increasing frequency of extreme precipitation events, intensified wet-dry cycles, and enhanced fluctuations in soil surface temperature caused by climate change, there is an urgent need to systematically assess the response mechanisms of soil to N2O emissions through controlled indoor experiments simulating hydrothermal disturbances. Soil simulation experiments have become an important tool for studying changes in greenhouse gas source / sink functions.

[0003] However, existing soil incubation and gas monitoring devices generally suffer from prominent problems such as low integration, crude control methods, and insufficient automation. Firstly, regarding moisture control, most systems employ manual irrigation, manual injection, or overall water addition, making it difficult to achieve small-dose, pulsed, and timed dynamic water addition processes, thus failing to realistically reproduce precipitation events under natural conditions. Secondly, temperature control is often achieved through environmental chambers or hot air systems, resulting in sluggish regulation and high energy consumption, leading to uneven heating of soil samples and easily causing localized temperature deviations. Furthermore, most devices use separate control methods for gas sampling, temperature and humidity recording, and hydrothermal control, lacking a unified response mechanism. This results in poor experimental repeatability, low spatiotemporal resolution, and an inability to meet the experimental design requirements of multi-factor coupled control. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a soil greenhouse gas simulation culture device that integrates micro-drip irrigation water control and modular temperature control.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions includes a cultivation chamber containing soil. A sealed top cover is connected to the top of the cultivation chamber. A micro-drip irrigation water control system and a heating and temperature control module are connected to the sealed top cover. A gas collection interface is also provided on the sealed top cover.

[0007] This invention enables independent or coordinated precise control of soil moisture and temperature, while supporting real-time data recording and gas acquisition. It can simulate typical scenarios such as wet-dry pulses and hydrothermal interactions, and achieves automated management through programmed control. This innovative system is suitable for studying the generation mechanisms of gases such as N2O, simulating the impact of climate disturbances on soil ecological processes, and providing experimental support for agricultural management and emission reduction technology development.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the bottom of the culture chamber is equipped with a drainage layer.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the inner wall of the culture chamber is equipped with a temperature probe, a humidity probe, and an oxygen probe to realize real-time monitoring of the soil microenvironment.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, it also includes a control module. The temperature probe, humidity probe, oxygen probe, micro-irrigation water control system, and heating and temperature control module are all electrically connected to the control module. The temperature information collected by the temperature probe is sent to the control module, which then precisely controls the heating and temperature control module based on this information, ensuring that the culture chamber can simulate the temperature of real soil. Similarly, the humidity information collected by the humidity probe is sent to the control module, which then precisely controls the micro-irrigation water control system based on this information, ensuring that the culture chamber can simulate the humidity of real soil.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the culture chamber is a transparent container, which facilitates observation of the internal conditions of the culture chamber.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the micro-drip irrigation water control system includes a water source, which is connected to a micro-peristaltic pump via a pipeline. The micro-peristaltic pump is connected to a drip irrigation pipeline, and the other end of the drip irrigation pipeline is connected to the top of the culture chamber.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a solenoid valve is connected to the drip irrigation pipeline, and the solenoid valve is electrically connected to the control module. The control module realizes quantitative and timed water injection through the program-controlled solenoid valve. The system supports continuous pulsating irrigation and rapid shut-off functions, and can simulate single or intermittent rainfall events in a natural precipitation process, with water volume control accuracy reaching ±1mL.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the heating and temperature control module includes a heating structure embedded in the sealed top cover.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the heating structure is connected to a temperature control circuit via electrical wires, and the temperature control circuit is electrically connected to the control module. The temperature control circuit, in conjunction with a temperature probe, achieves constant temperature control. The temperature control circuit and the control module are linked, allowing for the setting of the heating rate, duration, and upper temperature limit. The device exhibits a short heating response time and uniform heat distribution, effectively simulating changes in soil microbial activity and N2O release under climate warming scenarios.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the heating structure is a flexible heating film or a PTC ceramic heating plate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0018] This invention enables independent or coordinated precise control of soil moisture and temperature, while supporting real-time data recording and gas acquisition. It can simulate typical scenarios such as wet-dry pulses and hydrothermal interactions, and achieves automated management through programmed control. This innovative system is suitable for studying the generation mechanisms of gases such as N2O, simulating the impact of climate disturbances on soil ecological processes, and providing experimental support for agricultural management and emission reduction technology development. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the micro-drip irrigation water control system;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the heating and temperature control module;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario.

[0023] In the diagram: 1-Cultivation chamber; 2-Sealed top cover; 3-Micro-irrigation water control system; 4-Heating and temperature control module; 5-Control module; 11-Soil; 21-Gas collection interface; 31-Water source; 32-Micro peristaltic pump; 33-Drip irrigation pipeline; 34-Solenoid valve; 41-Heating structure; 42-Temperature control circuit; 43-Temperature probe. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0025] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0026] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water control and temperature control functions in this embodiment includes a cultivation chamber 1, which contains soil 11. A sealing top cover 2 is connected to the top of the cultivation chamber 1. A micro-drip irrigation water control system 3 and a heating and temperature control module 4 are connected to the sealing top cover 2. A gas collection interface 21 is also provided on the sealing top cover 2.

[0027] This invention enables independent or coordinated precise control of moisture and temperature within soil 11, while supporting real-time data recording and gas acquisition. It can simulate typical scenarios such as wet-dry pulses and hydrothermal interactions, and achieves automated management through programmed control. This innovative system is suitable for studying the generation mechanisms of gases such as N2O, simulating the impact of climate disturbances on the ecological processes of soil 11, and providing experimental support for agricultural management and emission reduction technology development.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the culture chamber 1 is a transparent, sealed cylindrical or box-shaped container (commonly with a volume of 0.5–2.0 L), with a drainage layer that can be added to the bottom. A sealed top cover 2 is provided, with multiple functional interfaces for temperature control, drip irrigation, sensor embedding, and gas collection. Multiple sensor interfaces are integrated into the inner wall of the chamber, allowing for the installation of temperature and humidity probes, oxygen probes, etc., to achieve real-time monitoring of the microenvironment of the soil 11.

[0029] Furthermore, the inner wall of the cultivation chamber 1 is equipped with a temperature probe 43, a humidity probe, and an oxygen probe to achieve real-time monitoring of the microenvironment of the soil 11. This invention also includes a control module 5, to which the temperature probe 43, humidity probe, oxygen probe, micro-irrigation water control system 3, and heating and temperature control module 4 are all electrically connected. The temperature information collected by the temperature probe 43 is sent to the control module 5, which then precisely controls the heating and temperature control module 4 to ensure that the cultivation chamber 1 can simulate the temperature of real soil 11. Similarly, the humidity information collected by the humidity probe is sent to the control module 5, which then precisely controls the micro-irrigation water control system 3 to ensure that the cultivation chamber 1 can simulate the humidity of real soil 11.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the micro-irrigation water control system 3 includes a water source 31, which is connected to a micro-peristaltic pump 32 via a pipe. The micro-peristaltic pump 32 is connected to an irrigation pipe 33, and the other end of the irrigation pipe 33 is connected to the top of the culture chamber 1.

[0031] Furthermore, a solenoid valve 34 is connected to the drip irrigation pipe 33, and the solenoid valve 34 is electrically connected to the control module 5. The control module 5 realizes quantitative and timed water injection through the program-controlled solenoid valve 34. The system supports continuous pulsating irrigation and rapid shut-off functions, and can simulate single or intermittent precipitation events in natural precipitation processes, with water volume control accuracy reaching ±1mL.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the heating and temperature control module 4 includes a heating structure 41 embedded in the sealed top cover 2. The heating structure 41 is a flexible heating film or a PTC ceramic heating plate. The heating structure 41 is connected to a temperature control circuit 42 via wires, and the temperature control circuit 42 is electrically connected to the control module 5. The temperature control circuit 42, in conjunction with the temperature probe 43, achieves constant temperature control. The temperature control circuit 42 and the control module 5 are linked, and the heating rate, duration, and upper temperature limit can be set. The device has a short heating response time and uniform heat distribution, which can effectively simulate the changes in microbial activity and N2O release in the soil 11 under the scenario of global warming.

[0033] For control module 5, the entire system supports Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or other micro-programmable control boards. Users can set the dripping frequency, heating cycle, and data acquisition interval. The system supports LCD interface output, wireless communication, and data export, making it suitable for simulation experiments under unattended conditions. The operating status of each module and sensor data can be viewed and recorded in real time via a display screen or computer terminal.

[0034] The basic procedure for conducting a greenhouse gas simulation experiment in soil using the device of this invention is as follows:

[0035] S1: Sample loading and initialization: Fill the culture chamber 1 with the air-dried and sieved test soil 11, install the top cover and sensor, connect the drip irrigation system and heating device, and set the initial moisture and temperature parameters.

[0036] S2: Program settings: By setting parameters such as drip irrigation frequency, water volume, heating start and end temperatures, and duration through control module 5, complex hydrothermal disturbance scenarios such as single-pulse rainfall and periodic temperature rise can be simulated.

[0037] S3: Simulation Operation and Sampling: The system executes the hydrothermal control process according to a preset program, monitoring temperature and humidity changes in real time. N2O samples can be collected at preset time points through the gas interface on the chamber for gas chromatography analysis.

[0038] S4: Data Recording and Feedback: Real-time sensor data and execution action records are saved synchronously, facilitating later analysis of the relationship between hydrothermal factors and greenhouse gas release.

[0039] Compared with existing technologies, this invention achieves precise control and multi-functional integration of soil temperature and humidity environment, and has advantages such as integrated structure, programmable response, and repeatable experiment, which significantly improves the realism, efficiency and comparability of simulation experiments.

[0040] Compared with existing soil greenhouse gas incubation devices, this invention has achieved significant improvements in functional integration, control precision, automation capabilities, and experimental adaptability. The main technical effects are as follows:

[0041] Firstly, this device integrates a micro-drip irrigation water control system and a heating and temperature control module 4 into the same culture chamber 1 for the first time, achieving synchronous and independent control of the soil moisture content and temperature 11. Moisture regulation employs a programmed peristaltic pump + solenoid valve 34 system, capable of accurately simulating rainfall pulsations and achieving milliliter-level water injection and minute-level time-sequential irrigation control. Temperature regulation is achieved through an embedded heating unit in the top cover, resulting in rapid temperature response and uniform heat distribution, avoiding the problems of large internal temperature deviations and delayed thermal response in traditional environmental chamber temperature control systems.

[0042] Secondly, the device supports real-time sensor data acquisition and programmable control linkage. It can be connected to external temperature, humidity, oxygen, infrared CO2, or N2O sensors, and can be used with programmable controllers (such as Arduino) to realize complex experimental designs and custom response programs. Users can set the start and end times, intensity, and frequency of hydrothermal disturbances. The system runs automatically and records all control and environmental variable data, significantly improving the repeatability, accuracy, and efficiency of experiments.

[0043] Finally, the device possesses excellent structural versatility and experimental adaptability, making it suitable for various scenarios such as indoor soil column cultivation, field disturbance simulation, and greenhouse chamber experiments. The device features a compact overall design and standardized components, allowing for rapid assembly and maintenance, making it suitable for widespread application in teaching, research, and technology promotion. By simulating typical climate events such as drought recovery and temperature fluctuations, this device can effectively support research on greenhouse gas emission mechanisms in soil and the construction of ecological response prediction models.

[0044] In summary, this invention solves the key problems of traditional devices, such as difficulty in synergistic control of hydrothermal factors, insensitive response, and complex operation. It provides a complete, efficient, and reliable technical platform for simulating greenhouse gases such as N2O in soil, and has significant theoretical research value and application potential.

[0045] Example:

[0046] I. Description of Device Composition and Structure

[0047] This utility model mainly consists of the following five parts:

[0048] 1. Culture chamber 1 of soil 11 (required)

[0049] The culture chamber 1 is made of transparent polycarbonate (PC) or acrylic sheet, and has a cubic or columnar structure. It typically has a volume of 0.5–2 L and is equipped with a sealed top cover 2. A drainage layer (sand layer + filter cloth) can be installed at the bottom of the culture chamber 1, and the upper layer is filled with test soil 11. The sealed top cover 2 has multiple reserved interfaces, including a heating module, a solenoid valve 34 drip outlet, a sensor embedding hole, and a gas collection interface 21.

[0050] 2. Micro-irrigation water control system 3 (Required)

[0051] It includes a water storage bottle, a peristaltic pump, a solenoid valve 34, and a water delivery pipe. Water source 31 is quantitatively delivered to the drip irrigation pipe via the peristaltic pump, and the irrigation time and frequency are controlled by the solenoid valve 34. The drip irrigation pipe is made of flexible silicone tubing, fixed to the inner side of the top of the cavity, and extends to the surface of the soil 11 at the end to form uniform infiltration. The water volume control accuracy can reach ±1 mL / time.

[0052] 3. Heating and temperature control system (required)

[0053] A flexible heating film or PTC ceramic heating element is embedded below the sealed top cover 2, connecting to a thermostat and a temperature sensor to form a closed-loop temperature control system. The sensor is installed in the center layer of soil 11 to monitor the temperature in real time and feed it back to the heating system for dynamic adjustment. The temperature control range can be set from room temperature to 60℃, with a temperature control accuracy better than ±0.5℃.

[0054] 4. Gas sampling and sensor interface (required)

[0055] A dedicated gas collection interface 21 is provided on the sealed top cover 2, equipped with a sealing rubber plug and a sampling needle interface, which can be connected to a 200mL syringe, PTFE tubing, or sampling bag. The sensor interface is used to embed gas sensing modules such as temperature and humidity sensors, O2, CO2, or N2O sensors to collect environmental parameters within the cavity.

[0056] 5. Program control and data logging module (optional)

[0057] It can be equipped with an Arduino or Raspberry Pi control board to program and set parameters such as water filling frequency, water filling time, heating start and end points, and sensor sampling interval. It supports data export via USB interface or remote reading via Bluetooth / wireless module connection.

[0058] II. Operation Procedures and Application Methods

[0059] 1. Equipment preparation:

[0060] Assemble the culture chamber 1, drip irrigation pipe 33, heating element and sensor module, and fill the culture chamber 11 with test soil according to the target bulk density. Connect the water source 31 bottle and peristaltic pump of the micro-drip irrigation water control system 3, fix the gas collection interface 21 and temperature probe 43, and connect the program control module 5 (if used).

[0061] 2. Experimental setup:

[0062] The control module 5 sets parameters such as water injection time (e.g., simulating pulsating rainfall every 6 hours, with 20mL of water injected each time) and temperature rise process (e.g., setting to maintain 30℃ from 8:00 to 18:00, and then dropping to room temperature at night).

[0063] 3. Test run and sampling:

[0064] The device initiates its automatic control program. The micro-irrigation water control system 3 injects water at set intervals, while the heating and temperature control module 4 controls temperature changes; sensors record data and upload it in real time. Researchers can collect N2O samples from the chamber at any time point via the gas collection interface 21 for gas chromatography detection.

[0065] 4. Data processing and maintenance:

[0066] After the experiment, the temperature and water control execution records and various sensor data were exported. Combined with gas concentration analysis, a quantitative assessment of the relationship between N2O emissions and hydrothermal disturbance was achieved. The device is disassembled and cleaned after use, and the drip irrigation tubes and sensors are reusable.

[0067] III. Optional Structures and Extended Configurations

[0068] Table 1 Optional Structures and Extended Configurations

[0069]

[0070] In summary, this device has flexible configuration capabilities in terms of water control, temperature control and automation integration, and can meet the needs of various simulation experiments. It is an ideal platform for conducting research on greenhouse gas emissions in soil under climate disturbance scenarios.

[0071] This utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned optional embodiments. Anyone can derive other forms of products under the guidance of this utility model. However, regardless of any changes made in its shape or structure, any technical solution that falls within the scope of the claims of this utility model shall be protected by this utility model.

Claims

1. A soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions, characterized in that: It includes a culture chamber (1), which contains soil (11). A sealed top cover (2) is connected to the top of the culture chamber (1). A micro-drip irrigation water control system (3) and a heating temperature control module (4) are connected to the sealed top cover (2). A gas collection interface (21) is also provided on the sealed top cover (2).

2. The soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the culture chamber (1) is equipped with a drainage layer.

3. The soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the culture chamber (1) is equipped with a temperature probe 43, a humidity probe and an oxygen probe.

4. The soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a control module (5), a temperature probe 43, a humidity probe, an oxygen probe, a micro-drip irrigation water control system (3), and a heating and temperature control module (4), all of which are electrically connected to the control module (5).

5. The soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture chamber (1) is a transparent container.

6. A soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The micro-drip irrigation water control system (3) includes a water source (31), which is connected to a micro-peristaltic pump (32) via a pipe. The micro-peristaltic pump (32) is connected to a drip irrigation pipe (33), and the other end of the drip irrigation pipe (33) is connected to the top of the culture chamber (1).

7. A soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The drip irrigation pipe (33) is connected to a solenoid valve (34), which is electrically connected to the control module (5).

8. A soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating and temperature control module (4) includes a heating structure (41) embedded in the sealed top cover (2).

9. A soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The heating structure (41) is connected to a temperature control circuit (42) via wires, and the temperature control circuit (42) is electrically connected to the control module (5).

10. A soil greenhouse gas simulation cultivation device integrating water and temperature control functions as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The heating structure (41) is a flexible heating film or a PTC ceramic heating plate.

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