A pre-tightening force intelligent sensing device for a shield tunnel connecting bolt

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of pre-tightening force intelligent perception device for shield tunnel connecting bolt, and it is related to the technical field of tunnel engineering structure health monitoring, it includes locking bolt installed on segment, locking nut with locking bolt screw thread connection and annular perception device installed on locking bolt;Locking nut is compacted in segment with annular perception device;Annular perception device includes the pressure sensing module for detecting and collecting the pre-tightening force of locking bolt, the wireless communication module for transmitting the detection result of pressure sensing module, the annular built-in antenna electrically connected with wireless communication module and the energy supply module for power supply.The utility model has the effect that the real stress change of bolt pre-tightening force in long-term service process can be reflected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel engineering structural health monitoring technology, and in particular to an intelligent sensing device for the preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunneling is a widely used structural form in urban rail transit, municipal utility tunnels, and underground integrated engineering projects. Its lining structure is usually composed of multiple precast concrete segments assembled sequentially along the tunnel axis. Adjacent segments are connected by high-strength bolts to form a ring-shaped lining structure that is structurally sound and waterproof.

[0003] In shield tunnel structural systems, the preload of the segment connection bolts is a key parameter for ensuring the overall stability, waterproof sealing performance, and durability of the lining structure. Insufficient bolt preload may cause the segment joints to open and the waterstop strips to fail, leading to water leakage problems; while excessive preload may cause bolt fatigue damage or localized damage to the segments.

[0004] In current engineering practices, bolt preload is only statically controlled by manual torque wrench during the construction phase. During the operation phase, the preload will be hiddenly relaxed and weakened due to factors such as train vibration and ground subsidence. The existing detection methods mainly rely on manual spot checks and periodic re-tightening, which cannot reflect the true stress changes of bolt preload during long-term service. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to reflect the actual stress changes of bolt preload during long-term service, this utility model provides an intelligent sensing device for preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels.

[0006] This utility model provides an intelligent sensing device for the preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A smart sensing device for preload force of connecting bolts in a shield tunnel includes a locking bolt mounted on a tunnel segment, a locking nut threadedly connected to the locking bolt, and a ring-shaped sensing device mounted on the locking bolt; the locking nut presses the ring-shaped sensing device tightly against the tunnel segment.

[0008] The ring sensing device includes a pressure sensing module for detecting and collecting the preload of the locking bolt, a wireless communication module for transmitting the detection results of the pressure sensing module, a ring-shaped built-in antenna electrically connected to the wireless communication module, and a power supply module for power supply.

[0009] The ring-shaped sensing device also includes a ring-shaped device housing, and the pressure sensing module, wireless communication module, ring-shaped built-in antenna and power supply module are all integrated in the ring-shaped device housing; the ring-shaped device housing is divided into two housing units.

[0010] The housing of the annular device is made of high-strength alloy steel. The outer diameter, inner diameter, and thickness of the housing are consistent with those of standard bolt washers. The upper and lower surfaces of the housing are flat load-bearing surfaces. The electronic components inside the housing are encapsulated with epoxy resin to form a waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant sealed structure.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the ring-shaped sensing device can realize real-time detection and wireless transmission of the preload of locking bolts, breaking through the limitations of traditional manual detection. It can continuously capture the dynamic changes of the preload of locking bolts, providing real-time data support for monitoring the service status of tunnel locking bolts and ensuring timely perception of changes in the preload of locking bolts. At the same time, the high-strength alloy steel material ensures that the shell has sufficient pressure resistance and deformation resistance, and the specifications consistent with standard bolt washers allow it to directly replace traditional washers, with strong adaptability. The flat force-bearing surface ensures uniform transmission of the preload of locking bolts. The epoxy resin integral potting to form a sealed structure can effectively prevent moisture, dust, and corrosive media from intruding and damaging electronic components, ensuring the stable operation of the device during long-term service in tunnels. Furthermore, integrating all electronic components into the ring-shaped device shell provides physical protection for the internal electronic components, avoiding direct exposure to external environment and mechanical forces, and improving the overall structural stability of the device. In addition, the ring-shaped device shell is divided into two shell units to facilitate the installation, debugging, and maintenance of the internal electronic components.

[0012] Optionally, a locking assembly for locking the locking nut and the annular device housing is provided;

[0013] The locking assembly includes a plug block mounted on the housing of the annular device and inserted into the locking nut, a sliding block slidably mounted on the housing of the annular device, a drive block sleeved on the locking bolt, a drive rod hinged between the sliding block and the drive block, and a locking rod mounted on the sliding block for locking the plug block and the locking nut.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the locking rod locks the locking nut to the housing of the ring device, so that the two form a stable connection structure, avoiding relative displacement between the two due to factors such as vibration and ground settlement during tunnel operation, ensuring that the ring sensing device is always in an effective monitoring position under pressure, and ensuring the accuracy of the detection data.

[0015] Optionally, a first compression spring is connected between the annular device housing and the sliding block; the first compression spring drives the locking rod to always tend to move away from the plug block and the locking nut.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic force of the first compression spring provides a reset tendency for the locking rod. When unlocking, the first compression spring can drive the locking rod to automatically disengage from the plug block and the locking nut, realizing the automation of unlocking. At the same time, in the locked state, it can form a reverse support for the locking rod, enhance the locking firmness, and prevent the locking rod from loosening.

[0017] Optionally, a limiting telescopic column is fixedly installed on the top of the annular device housing, and the other end of the limiting telescopic column is fixedly installed on the drive block to limit and guide the movement of the drive block.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the limiting telescopic column can restrict and guide the movement of the drive block, prevent the drive block from deviating or jamming during movement, and ensure that the drive block moves smoothly along the axial direction of the locking bolt.

[0019] Optionally, a fixing component for fixing the locking bolt and the locking nut is provided between them;

[0020] The fixing assembly includes a movable block slidably mounted on the locking nut, a fixed half-ring mounted on the movable block, a fixed block mounted on the fixed half-ring and inserted into the locking bolt, and a second compression spring connecting the movable block and the locking nut;

[0021] The second compression spring drives the fixing block to always have a tendency to insert into the locking bolt to fix the locking bolt and the locking nut.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the elasticity of the second compression spring drives the fixing block to always remain inserted into the locking bolt, thereby achieving secondary fixing of the locking bolt and the locking nut, effectively preventing the threads from loosening due to vibration and other factors, and further improving the tightness of the connection between the locking bolt and the locking nut.

[0023] Optionally, the pressure sensing module is fixedly disposed in the central annular region on the inner surface of the annular device housing to sense the axial preload of the locking bolt.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure sensing module is set in the central annular area, so that it is directly facing the axial force direction of the locking bolt. This allows for direct and accurate sensing of the axial preload of the locking bolt, avoiding force sensing deviations caused by installation position deviations and improving the accuracy of locking bolt preload detection.

[0025] Optionally, the ring-shaped built-in antenna is arranged circumferentially along the housing of the ring device, and the ring-shaped built-in antenna is connected to the wireless communication module to achieve omnidirectional wireless signal transmission.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the circumferentially arranged ring-shaped built-in antenna can realize omnidirectional wireless signal transmission, effectively solving the signal obstruction problem in the complex environment of the tunnel, ensuring that the detection data can be stably and without dead angles transmitted to the receiving device, and improving the reliability and transmission distance of wireless communication.

[0027] In summary, this utility model has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] 1. The ring-shaped sensing device enables real-time detection and wireless transmission of the preload of locking bolts, breaking through the limitations of traditional manual detection. It can continuously capture the dynamic changes of the preload of locking bolts, providing real-time data support for monitoring the service status of tunnel locking bolts and ensuring timely perception of changes in the preload of locking bolts.

[0029] 2. Locking the locking nut to the ring device housing with the locking rod creates a stable connection between the two, preventing relative displacement due to factors such as vibration and ground settlement during tunnel operation. This ensures that the ring sensing device is always in an effective monitoring position under pressure, guaranteeing the accuracy of the detection data.

[0030] 3. By placing the pressure sensing module in the central annular area so that it faces the axial force direction of the locking bolt, the axial preload of the locking bolt can be directly and accurately sensed, avoiding force sensing deviations caused by installation position deviations and improving the accuracy of locking bolt preload detection. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a ring-shaped sensing device installed at the connection point of the tunnel lining segments.

[0032] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a ring-shaped sensing device;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the locking and fixing components.

[0034] The parts referred to by the numbers in the above attached figures are as follows: 1. Locking bolt; 2. Locking nut; 3. Ring sensing device; 31. Pressure sensing module; 32. Wireless communication module; 33. Ring built-in antenna; 34. Power supply module; 35. Ring device housing; 351. Housing unit; 4. Locking assembly; 41. Insertion block; 42. Sliding block; 43. Drive block; 44. Drive rod; 45. Locking rod; 46. First compression spring; 47. Sliding groove; 48. Limiting telescopic column; 5. Fixing assembly; 51. Moving block; 52. Fixing half ring; 53. Fixing block; 54. Second compression spring; 55. Moving groove. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] This utility model discloses an intelligent sensing device for the preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 A smart sensing device for preload force of connecting bolts in shield tunnels includes a locking bolt 1, a locking nut 2, and a ring sensing device 3.

[0038] Locking bolt 1 is pre-embedded on the tube segment, ring sensing device 3 is sleeved on locking bolt 1, and locking nut 2 is threaded onto locking bolt 1 and presses ring sensing device 3 onto the tube segment.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 The ring-shaped sensing device 3 includes a pressure sensing module 31, a wireless communication module 32, a ring-shaped built-in antenna 33, a power supply module 34, and a ring-shaped device housing 35.

[0040] The pressure sensing module 31, wireless communication module 32, loop-shaped built-in antenna 33, and power supply module 34 are all integrated within the ring-shaped device housing 35. All of the above electronic components are integrally encapsulated with epoxy resin to form a waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant sealed structure. The ring-shaped device housing 35 is divided into two housing units 351, which are integrally encapsulated with encapsulating material to form a complete ring-shaped device housing 35.

[0041] The annular device housing 35 is made of high-strength alloy steel. Its outer diameter, inner diameter and thickness are consistent with the standard bolt gasket specifications for connecting shield tunnel segments. The upper and lower surfaces of the annular device housing 35 are flat load-bearing surfaces, so that it can directly contact the segments.

[0042] The pressure sensing module 31 is a flexible thin-film piezoelectric sensor. The pressure sensing module 31 is fixedly installed in the central annular area on the inner surface of the annular device housing 35. The force direction is consistent with the axial direction of the locking bolt 1, and the axial preload of the locking bolt can be converted into an analog electrical signal.

[0043] The wireless communication module 32 integrates a microcontroller, an analog-to-digital converter, and a low-power wireless communication unit. The wireless communication module 32 is electrically connected to the pressure sensing module 31, which facilitates the sampling, processing, and numerical calculation of electrical signals.

[0044] The ring-shaped built-in antenna 33 is arranged circumferentially along the ring-shaped device housing 35. The ring-shaped built-in antenna 33 is connected to the low-power wireless communication unit to achieve omnidirectional wireless signal transmission.

[0045] The power supply module 34 is a button battery, which provides operating power to the pressure sensing module 31, the wireless communication module 32, and the loop built-in antenna 33.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 A locking assembly 4 is provided between the locking nut 2 and the annular device housing 35 to lock the two together.

[0047] The locking assembly 4 includes a plug block 41, a sliding block 42, a drive block 43, a drive rod 44, a locking rod 45, and a first compression spring 46.

[0048] The plug-in block 41 is fixedly mounted on the annular device housing 35 and inserted into the locking nut 2. A sliding groove 47 is provided on the annular device housing 35, and the sliding block 42 is slidably mounted within the sliding groove 47. One end of the drive rod 44 is hinged to the drive block 43, and the other end is hinged to the sliding block 42. The locking rod 45 is fixedly mounted on the sliding block 42, and one end is inserted into the locking nut 2 and the plug-in block 41 to lock them together. The drive block 43 is sleeved on the locking bolt 1, and when the drive block 43 drives the locking rod 45 to lock the plug-in block 41 and the locking nut 2, one side of the drive block 43 abuts against the inner surface of the locking nut 2. One end of the first compression spring 46 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding groove 47, and the other end is fixedly connected to the sliding block 42. The first compression spring 46 causes the locking rod 45 to always tend to move away from the plug-in block 41 and the locking nut 2. A limiting telescopic column 48 is fixedly installed on the top of the annular device housing 35, and the other end of the limiting telescopic column 48 is fixedly installed on the drive block 43 to limit and guide the movement of the drive block 43.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 A fixing component 5 is provided between the locking bolt 1 and the locking nut 2 to fix the two together.

[0050] The fixing component 5 includes a movable block 51, a fixing half-ring 52, a fixing block 53, and a second compression spring 54.

[0051] The locking nut 2 has a movable groove 55, and the movable block 51 is slidably installed in the movable groove 55. The fixing half-ring 52 is fixedly installed on the side of the movable block 51 near the locking bolt 1, and the fixing block 53 is fixedly installed on the side of the fixing half-ring 52 near the locking bolt 1, with one end of the fixing block 53 inserted into the locking bolt 1, thereby fixing the locking nut 2 to the locking bolt 1. One end of the second compression spring 54 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable groove 55, and the other end of the second compression spring 54 is fixedly connected to the movable block 51. The second compression spring 54 drives the fixing block 53 to always tend to insert into the locking bolt 1 to fix the locking bolt 1 and the locking nut 2.

[0052] The implementation principle of the intelligent sensing device for preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels according to this utility model embodiment is as follows: When it is necessary to detect the preload of the locking bolt, firstly, the annular sensing device 3 is sleeved on the locking bolt 1 and attached to the tunnel segment. At this time, the locking nut 2 is installed on the locking bolt 1 and the locking nut 2 is turned, so that the locking nut 2 moves downward along the axial direction of the locking bolt 1, thereby making the locking nut 2 sleeved on the plug block 41. As the locking nut 2 continues to descend, it will drive the drive block 43 to be limited by the telescopic column 48. The guide moves downward, thereby causing the drive rod 44, which is hinged to it, to rotate. When the drive rod 44 rotates, it causes the sliding block 42, which is hinged to it, to move along the sliding groove 47 towards the insertion block 41. This causes the locking rod 45 to overcome the elastic force of the first compression spring 46 and move along the sliding groove 47 towards the insertion block 41. This allows the locking rod 45 to insert into the insertion block 41 and the locking nut 2 to fix them together. At this time, the inner surface of the locking nut 2 abuts against one side of the drive block 43, and the locking nut 2 presses the annular device housing 35 against the tube.

[0053] When the locking nut 2 is locked to the housing 35 of the ring device, the elastic action of the second compression spring 54 causes the moving block 51 to always tend to automatically approach the locking bolt 1, thereby driving the fixed half ring 52 and the fixed block 53 to approach the locking bolt 1 along the moving groove 55, so that the fixed block 53 is inserted into the locking bolt 1, thereby fixing the locking bolt 1 and the locking nut 2.

[0054] The ring-shaped sensing device 3 is installed between the tunnel segment and the locking nut 2. When the locking nut 2 is tightened, the axial preload of the locking bolt is evenly applied to the ring-shaped device housing 35 through the locking nut 2. At this time, the pressure sensing module 31 senses the change in the locking bolt preload in real time and converts it into an electrical signal. The wireless communication module 32 processes the signal at preset time intervals and then wirelessly transmits the locking bolt preload data to the wireless receiving device or gateway in the tunnel through the ring-shaped built-in antenna 33. The preset time interval refers to the time interval for technicians to transmit signals.

[0055] When the preload of the locking bolt is detected to be lower than the set threshold, or to continue to decrease over multiple sampling periods, the wireless communication module 32 automatically enters high-frequency transmission or alarm mode to promptly alert the risk of loosening of the locking bolt 1.

[0056] Meanwhile, by deploying multiple ring-shaped sensing devices 3 at the connection points of the tunnel segments, comprehensive and long-term online monitoring of the pre-tightening force of the locking bolts of the entire or multiple ring segments can be achieved. Maintenance personnel can assess the safety status of the tunnel lining structure through the received real-time data, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the device in the harsh tunnel environment. The early warning function under abnormal conditions can promptly detect the risk of loosening of the locking bolts 1, thus providing a guarantee for the structural safety of the tunnel.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model. The protection scope of this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of this utility model's concept are protected. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of this utility model should also be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A smart sensing device for preload force of connecting bolts in shield tunnels, characterized in that: It includes a locking bolt (1) installed on the tube segment, a locking nut (2) threadedly connected to the locking bolt (1), and an annular sensing device (3) installed on the locking bolt (1); the locking nut (2) presses the annular sensing device (3) against the tube segment; The ring sensing device (3) includes a pressure sensing module (31) for detecting and collecting the preload of the locking bolt, a wireless communication module (32) for transmitting the detection results of the pressure sensing module (31), a ring-shaped built-in antenna (33) electrically connected to the wireless communication module (32), and a power supply module (34) for power supply. The ring sensing device (3) also includes a ring device housing (35), and the pressure sensing module (31), wireless communication module (32), ring built-in antenna (33) and power supply module (34) are all integrated in the ring device housing (35); the ring device housing (35) is divided into two housing units (351). The annular device housing (35) is made of high-strength alloy steel. The outer diameter, inner diameter and thickness of the annular device housing (35) are consistent with the standard bolt washer. The upper and lower surfaces of the annular device housing (35) are flat load-bearing surfaces. The electronic components inside the annular device housing (35) are all encapsulated with epoxy resin to form a waterproof, dustproof and corrosion-resistant sealed structure.

2. The intelligent sensing device for preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking assembly (4) for locking the locking nut (2) and the annular device housing (35) is provided between the locking nut (2) and the housing (35). The locking assembly (4) includes a plug block (41) mounted on the annular device housing (35) and inserted into the locking nut (2), a sliding block (42) slidably mounted on the annular device housing (35), a drive block (43) sleeved on the locking bolt (1), a drive rod (44) hinged between the sliding block (42) and the drive block (43), and a locking rod (45) mounted on the sliding block (42) for locking the plug block (41) and the locking nut (2).

3. The intelligent sensing device for preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first compression spring (46) is connected between the annular device housing (35) and the sliding block (42); the first compression spring (46) drives the locking rod (45) to always tend to move away from the plug block (41) and the locking nut (2).

4. The intelligent sensing device for preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting telescopic column (48) is fixedly installed on the top of the annular device housing (35), and the other end of the limiting telescopic column (48) is fixedly installed on the drive block (43) to limit and guide the movement of the drive block (43).

5. The intelligent sensing device for preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing component (5) for fixing the locking bolt (1) and the locking nut (2) is provided between them. The fixing assembly (5) includes a movable block (51) slidably mounted on the locking nut (2), a fixing half ring (52) mounted on the movable block (51), a fixing block (53) mounted on the fixing half ring (52) and inserted into the locking bolt (1), and a second compression spring (54) connecting the movable block (51) and the locking nut (2). The second compression spring (54) drives the fixing block (53) to always have the tendency to insert into the locking bolt (1) to fix the locking bolt (1) and the locking nut (2).

6. The intelligent sensing device for preload of connecting bolts in shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensing module (31) is fixedly installed in the central annular area on the inner surface of the annular device housing (35) to sense the axial preload of the locking bolt.

7. The intelligent sensing device for preload force of connecting bolts in shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ring-shaped built-in antenna (33) is arranged circumferentially along the ring-shaped device housing (35), and the ring-shaped built-in antenna (33) is connected to the wireless communication module (32) to realize omnidirectional wireless signal transmission.

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